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Energy plays a vital role in all human life activities. Due to the problems caused by fossil fuels in recent decades such as global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, ozone depletion, etc., the use of renewable and clean energy has been considered. An experimental facility for the acquisition of reliable data from Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors (PTCs) was established to develop a robust analytical model. A wide range of Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) flow rates (0.0372-0.1072 kg/s) and solar radiation (400-900 W/m2) were used to determine PTC parameters such as the outlet temperature of HTF loss and temperature distribution. Vacuum conditions in the receiver were considered effective in terms of thermal efficiency. Also, three types of HTF including two oil fluids (Syltherm 800 and S2) and water were examined. The temperature distribution showed that when Syltherm 800 or S2 passed through the absorber tube, the outlet temperature was higher than water: 2.84 % for Syltherm 800 and 3.72 % for S2. Since the absorber tube temperature was much higher than water, the heat loss in this condition was considered for oil HTF. Of note, the results demonstrated that use of the vacuum tube could diminish heat loss for the oil HTF. The effect of solar intensity increases from 600 W/m2 to 900 W/m2 on the maximum temperature of the receiver tube indicated that when Syltherm 800 was used as an HTF, this temperature increased by 35.1 % (from 167 °C to 219 °C), while this percentage was 32.7 % and 6.8 % for S2 and water, respectively.

This paper presents a theoretical and numerical study of angle steel joints for conductors in transmission tower structures in the medium and heavy icing area. The results show that the deformation of the angle steel joint in suspension towers is controlled by the vertical load, and the deformation of the angle steel joint in strain towers is controlled by the tension load. The bolt of the angle steel joint for conductors is tension-controlled. A theoretical method considering the bending stiffness ratio of the angle steel plate and the bolt is derived. The proposed theoretical method quantifies the bending stiffness difference in the angle steel plate and bolt group, and the effects of bolt layout and load cases are considered. The numerical results are in good agreement with theoretical results by validating the internal forces and neutral axis depth. The accuracy of the proposed theoretical method is higher than that of theoretical methods based on steel structure principles. The proposed theoretical method is of great significance to the development of transmission tower structure design.

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The knowledge of hadith is a vast knowledge. Mostly all the hadiths of Sihah Sitta sums up in the "Mishkaat-ul-Masabeeh". Many interpretations of Mishkaat-ulMasabeeh have been written in the subcontinent. In view of the importance and position of Mishkaat-ul-Masabeeh, the scholars of the Ummah have arranged its Arabic, Persian and Urdu interpretations in every era. The Urdu Sharh of Mishkaat-ul-Masabeeh "Khair ul Mafatih" is also a link of the same chain. Maulana Mufti Abdul Rasheed Sahib is the author of "Khair ul Mafatih" and consists of six volumes. The main feature of Khair ul Mafatih is that it is a detailed research phase of Mishkaat-ul-Masabeeh. The reason for choosing it is that it has been chosen in a very simple and easy way. In this article, the purpose of this research is to explain the style and characteristics of the Ahadith described in Sharh Khair ul Mafatih of Mishkawat-ul-Masabih in a narrative and reasoned manner. The reason for doing research on Khair ul Mafatih is that the author has clarified the difficult words of the Holy Hadith. Through question and answer, he has made difficult researches easier. He has deduced new and legal issues. The religions of the jurists have been explained with arguments. The author has described the brief situations of the hadith narrators. He has made headings and paragraphs in the detailed topic. This rate is more comprehensive than other explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing thermal storage units such as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) is a suitable approach to improving Solar Air Heaters (SAHs). The present study tries to assess the effects of PCM mass values on the heat dynamics and thermal performance of SAHs. To this aim, an analytical thermodynamic model was developed and validated by available experimental data. This model provides a robust numerical framework to model the phase change phenomenon and analyze the heat dynamics and thermal performance of SAH using various PCM masses. Four scenarios were considered using the developed analytical model including SAHs using 0, 30, 60, 90 kg PCM. The obtained results illustrated that the maximum outlet temperature was reduced, approximately near 20 %, by increasing the PCM mass between 0 and 90 kg; however, heating time was extended to periods when solar energy availability was inadequate. The thermal performance improved by nearly 14.5 % in the SAH using 90 kg PCM mass compared to the SAH without using PCM. The thermal performance of the SAH with 90 kg PCM was slightly higher than the SAH using 30 kg of PCM; hence, a significant portion of stored thermal energy was lost during nighttime through heat exchange with ambient surroundings. The obtained results also showed that despite available latent thermal energy, the outlet air temperature profiles for the SAHs using different PCM mass were close after sunset due to the low thermal conductivity of paraffin.

This article consisted of three objectives; 1) to study the monastic education of Somdet Toh in the early Rattanakosin period 2) to study the educational role of Somdet Toh and his literature works, and 3) to analyze the educational role of Somdet Toh to Thai Society. From the study found that the monastic education of Somdet Toh represented the life of samanera and bhikkhu in the early Rattanakosin period. He was educated Pariyatti in old Pāli tradition while practiced Patipati insight in the form of Majjhima Meditation. Many scholars neglected his educational roles in Pariyatti and Patipati. Somdet Toh played an important educational role in teaching Tipiṭaka and moralities. ‘School of Somdet Toh’ accommodated many novices and monks who came from all over the country to learn Pariyatti and Patthipathi. Later they went back to their provinces and became well-known teachers. Somdet Toh was not only made amulet “PhraSomdet” for no reason but mainly to cultivated people in Buddhānussati. He promoted the chanting Jinapañjara Gāthā to Thai’s society while was a pioneer in translating Tipiṭaka commentary of Mulapariyaya Sutta to Thai language. He composed moral poetry to teach his pupils to be up to other tricks. His collection of Gāthā reflects the needs of the monk in solving the lay problem in Thai Society. The insight of Somdet Toh innovated in solving the social problems was his educational’s role in Tipiṭaka. Somdet Toh’s education role changed after a century after his passing away. The purpose of propagating Somdet Toh’s fellows later seems to answer worldly purposes benefitting than the path of purification within. Of all, the importance of studying the educational role of Somdet Phra Buddhācāriya (Toh) is not only his path but also the collective historical result of early Rattanakosin monastic education. Somdet Toh was the Buddha-Sāsanadayāda in early monastic education whose impact is in monastic education and in Thai society presently and in the future.

Dramatic costumes are considered the first element by which the artist appears, as they precede all dramatic elements and thus are the first and visual identification tool for dramatic characters. The historical Dramatic is a witness to an era of all ages Its details, therefore, historical costumes were of great importance in embodying the historical events in the historical Dramatic because they are generally related to a specific time period. During which to achieve the visual form to design the appropriate costume for the dramatic work the historical Turkish drama has a great impact on the recipient due to its artistic richness as well as in the field of fashion and its complement. From this standpoint, the researcher considered conducting an analytical study of fashion for ottoman women in the Turkish historical drama " Qosum Sultan ". This Turkish historical drama was chosen because of its high levels of viewing it inside and outside the Arab world and also because the story of the historical drama revolves around one of the greatest Sultan of the ottoman empire The results have proven that The analytical study of women's fashion in the historical drama that is the subject of the research has given impressive results to be the basis for proposing contemporary clothing designs. Indeed, a group of 18 fashion designs have been created and all designs have been obtained. On high mathematical averages, which indicates its acceptance as innovative design ideasKey words:the analytical study - historical drama - Qosum Sultan

The main objective of this research is to study the in-plane deformation of stiffeners around opening edges in steel plate shear panels (SPSPs) with rectangular openings. First, analytical formulations are developed to calculate the in-plane deformation of stiffeners around the openings. To limit the in-plane deformation of the main stiffeners around the opening, a novel concept of introducing secondary stiffeners perpendicular to the main stiffeners around the opening is also investigated analytically. For the analytical study, the main stiffeners are considered as multi-span continuous non-prismatic beams. Equations are derived to calculate in-plane deformations of the main stiffeners for different numbers and layouts of the secondary stiffeners. The developed analytical equations can be used by the design engineers when designing SPSW with rectangular openings to estimate in-plane deformation of stiffeners. In the second part of this research, the results of experimental tests of three single bay single story stiffened SSP specimens with central rectangular openings with various opening ratios under quasi-static cyclic loading are presented to study the in-plane deformation of the stiffeners around the opening edges. Based on the tests and analytical studies, it can be concluded that the maximum in-plane deformation of the main stiffeners around the opening decreases considerably by adding the secondary stiffeners perpendicular to them. The rate of the decrease can be substantial just by adding one secondary stiffener at the mid-span of the opening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation and applications of transition metal oxide (TMOs) nano and micro structures continues inspiring to material science. This is due to TMOs are imperative and to discover in a various fields. Over a long range of nano & micro structure materials, especially, manganese oxide (Mn3O4) structures have numerous technological applications in various fields such as wastewater treatment, catalysis, sensors, supercapacitors, alkaline and rechargeable batteries etc. The solution process was adopted, which is the best way to follow the preparation of manganese oxide structures and the material was well characterized. The present work shows the formation of Mn3O4 microrods (referred to as Mn3O4MRs) and applied against the pathogenic bacteria's (E.coli and S.aureus) at different concentrations of MRs (50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 µg/mL) for to control the proliferation rate and accessed via UV–vis spectroscopy. The crystallite size and their morphology was examined via TEM and it reveals that the individual particle is very small in size (~ 7.5 nm) with spherical shaped morphology. The morphology after the interaction of MRs on bacteria's were also examined through Bio-TEM, which revels that the particles interns to the bacterial cells and reacted. The statistical analytical methods was applied and determined the suitable concentration of Mn3O4MRs under the different statistical parameters such as accuracy, precision methods, LOD and LOQ (for E.coli 0.050 and 0.153) and (for S.aureus 0.135 and 0.409 μg mL−1) respectively, were accomplished for to know the calculative and mechanistic approach and their role of Mn3O4MRs against E.coli and S.aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analytical method to predict the flexural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites (FRGC). In addition, a parametric study was performed to determine the effect of the thickness and tensile strength of the strengthening material on the moment, ductility, and energy absorption capacity of the composite beam. The proposed model adopts sectional strip discretization and incorporates the constitutive relationship of each component material. The strengthening configurations considered in the analysis include bottom, two-sided, and three-sided jackets. Four failure conditions were simulated to account for the original failure of the RC beam and are described in terms of the steel reinforcement ratio in the range of 0.87 to 2.29%. The result showed a good agreement between the predicted and experimental values and that the proposed analytical method can be used to predict the momentcurvature response. The parametric study revealed that the change in the moment and ductility value is more sensitive in the variation of FRGC thickness than the tensile strength regardless of the jacketing configurations and failure type of the unstrengthened beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at answering five main questions highly related to Kolb’s experiential learning theory and its applications on schools. To answer these questions, the researcher applied an analytical descriptive method of research that depends on studying the real situation as it is and describes it with some details, and presents it in a qualitative way, in order to achieve some conclusions related to the developing of the existing situation. The researcher also reviewed many English resources such as valuable books and research papers that highly related to the Kolb’s experiential learning theory. The researcher finally concluded that the experiential learning theory model has two trends related to the matter of understanding the experience itself. They were concrete experience and abstract conceptualization, in addition to two philosophical trends such as reflective observation and active experimentation. According to the relationship between learning styles and Kolb’s experiential learning theory, there were four real types of learning: Divergent learning, convergent learning, assimilation learning and accommodation learning. Also there were five factors influencing learning styles such as personality types, early educational specialization, professional career, current job role and adaptive competencies. Later on, new more trends in experiential learning theory have been appeared like: The northerner learning, the southerners learning, the easterner learning, the westerners learning and the balanced learning. This paper also dealt with the necessary steps for applying experiential learning in schools such as act, reflect and apply. The researcher recommended that teachers’ trainers, curriculum developers should get a real benefit from the valuable information presented in this paper, and a field study should be conducted about the effect of three types of learning, on students’ achievement and creative thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been demonstrated to be a realistic alternative to less maintenance and significantly longer service life due to its better mechanical properties and low permeability. The bond performance of the deformed steel bar embedded in UHPC is critically important for the safety of the UHPC structures. This paper conducted an experimental investigation on the bond behavior of deformed steel bars and UHPC. The impacts of loading method, UHPC strength, steel fiber type and content, rebar diameter, and cover thickness were studied. The testing results revealed that the specimens failed in three modes: pull-out, splitting + pull-out, and cone failure. The main factors affecting the bond strength are UHPC compressive strength, cover thickness, and fiber characteristics. The peak slip of rebar-UHPC increases with cover thickness and rebar diameter. Finally, an analytical model of the bond stress-slip relationship between the UHPC and deformed steel bar is obtained, which is in suitable agreement with the test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Arabian Sciences Heritage is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed at analyzing infinitives in the translation of The Little Prince's novel from English to Indonesian. The main objectives of this study are (1) to analyze how the infinitives in the Little Prince's novel were translated by the translator, and (2) to describe what kind of infinitives in The Little Prince's novel, and to identify the strategies that were used by the translator. For the purpose of this study, the writer used a descriptive-analytical study. The source of data is the novel entitled The Little Prince and translation. The researcher found four infinitives in the novel entitled The Little Prince, namely, bare infinitive, to-infinitive, split infinitive and infinitive phrase. The data of infinitives that were analyzed are 150 data. 48 data are to infinitives, 32 data are bare infinitives, 20 data are split infinitives, and 50 data are phrase infinitives. For bare infinitive, most of the data showed that the strategy used was literal; for to-infinitive, most of the data showed that the strategy used was unit shift; for the split infinitive, most of the data showed that the strategy used was compression, and for the infinitive phrase, most of the data were unit shift. The translation of infinitive in The Little Prince novel is accurate, acceptable and readable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to know the status of the documents that VNMKV University library has uploaded to the ICAR's Krishikosh repository. According to the statistics, VNMKV University library uploaded the most thesis materials for M. Sc. (80.34 %) degree course related thesis documents followed by Ph.D. (9.68 %) and M. Tech. (3.36%) degree courses respectively. Thesis-type documents were discovered to be the most prevalent (99.01%), followed by Other Publications (0.60%.) and Reports (0.38 %). It was observed that 51 subject wise thesis documents were uploaded on krishikosh by University library among that Agronomy department having highest thesis documents (10.11 %) followed by Plant Pathology (9.06 %) and Agricultural Entomology (8.56%) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at identifying the reality of Educational Administration master theses approved in Al Quds University master’s program in Educational Administration during (1998-2021). The study population consisted of the (370) master theses approved during the program, while the study sample was a simple random sample of (100) theses. The researcher used descriptive approach to analyze the contents of these theses. The results of study showed, through a content analysis card, that the quantitative descriptive approach (with one variable) is the most common approach used by (89%). Master thesis revolved around school administration was the most common thesis by (33%). Subjects of education economics was researched modestly in the master thesis by (0%). In connection with samples, the random sample, particularly stratified, was the most common sample used by (55%). Comprehensive survey was limitedly used by (19%). The questionnaire was the most frequently used tool in the thesis by (94). Pearson correlation with arbitrator’s credibility was the most common method used to verify the credibility of the study. Cronbach Alfa is the most common method used to verify reliability of study tools. Percentage of thesis male supervisors was very high by (96), in comparison to female supervisors, whose percentage was (4%). Female research)ers’ percentage was (60%), which is higher than male researchers’ percentage of (40%). Most thesis used statistical inference by (81%), T-Test, and One Way Anova by (81%). Neither Second Way Anova, nor Manova were used in the thesis. Analysis results showed also other matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the several contradictions that rule women's lives in Pakistan since its inception in 1947 is endorsing of their empowerment and the restoration of their misappropriated rights by successive governments, political parties and non-government organisations. The sad state of women's lives in present times, however, indicates a consistent lack of effort and willpower in taking effective measures in this direction. One of the recent steps in this direction is the Punjab Women Empowerment Package launched by the province's government in 2012, 2014 and 2016 to safeguard women's rights and economic empowerment. This paper aims at exploring the gender sensitivity of the public policy towards women with a special focus on the PWEP by following the analytical framework used by the Centre for International Development Issues, University of Nijmegen (CIDIN). The parameters of the approach cover the structural and action-oriented aspects based on three dimensions: (i) access to resources, information, power and networks; (ii) rights, rules and responsibilities; and (iii) identity, culture and sense of belonging. The outcomes of this study will help foresee the effects of these packages in the long run for the women of Punjab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally scheduled to expire in December 2020, the ten-year National Culture Plan (PNC) seems to have contributed very little to the development of national culture, if only because of the official monitoring of its goals and the discrediting of the sector, evidenced by facts such as budget reductions and the demotion of the Ministry of Culture to the status of Special Department of the Federal Government. In order to understand the failure of the PNC, the present research, carried out based on the bibliographical and documental research method, investigating its conception, processing, and potentialities. Moreover, a comparison is made with the also ten-year National Education Plan (PNE), a paradigm to its cultural counterpart, aiming to understand its similarities and differences, in the mentioned aspects. Finally, we propose the classification of the 53 goals of the PNC, based on 5 criteria extracted from elements common to some of them, believing that, perceived in theoretical terms, they can highlight the preponderant characteristics of the Plan, making it more understandable. Less than 10% of the goals of the PNC are fully relevant and achievable. In more general terms, one reaches the conclusion that the flaws of the PNC stem from the fact that it bears more resemblance to a manifesto than to a plan for the cultural sector. It is believed that this is a pioneering research in the aspects reported, whose results can be useful in the elaboration of the new National Culture Plan for the next period, as determined by the Federal Constitution of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educacao e Pesquisa is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research sheds light on the vivid and practical application of the different intellectual and design trends of postmodern architecture such as historical trend, biological trend, local trend, as well as out of the ordinary trend, through some models of ecclesiastical architecture around the world representing Christian denominations. Identify the suitability of the postmodern architecture and the design solutions that can be provided to produce a successful and practical ecclesiastical design that keeps pace with development and is not separated from the roots. Here in terms of different surfaces and colors and materials and furniture pieces. Although it is possible to neglect or neglect the heritage or historical aspect of the buildings on the diversity and the various functions that meet them - under the pretext of keeping up with modernity and development to produce abstract buildings tasteless - but this historical and spiritual aspect can not be overlooked in the internal and external architecture of churches. Nor does this mean neglect of modern technology and sophisticated design methods. The postmodern philosophy as Charles Jencks is based on the concept of Double Coded, that is, a color combination of modernity and other styles, styles and trends in an attempt to stylize modernity with humanism. A classic of modernity, not separation, it aims to create a visual image that connects architects and the publicThe analysis has been discussed in this research for some churches in Europe and America because of the remarkable development in the adaptation and use of the principles and trends of post-modern architecture successfully. With the similarity in the designs and not only in the design of the interior architecture of some Coptic churches, we must pay attention to the successful design experiences that preceded us.

تتركز هذه المقالة على تحديد مفهوم الكلمة «المثل» ومشتقاتها المختلفة في المعاجم العربية وفي التعبيرات القرآنية، وتمعن النظر فيما للكلمة من المدلولات المتباينة كالمثل الخرافي/الفرضي، والمثل القرآني والمثل السائر، وتدرس بصفة خاصة مفهوم «المثل السائر» وما يشابهه من العبارات العربية والمصطلحات الأدبية والبلاغية كالحكمة والتشبيه والمجاز وغيره، وذلك لبيان ما بين المثل السائر وبين هذه المصطلحات من الائتلاف والاختلاف، وأهم خصائص المثل السائر وأسرار استعماله مما تتناول المقالة، وذلك لكسب المفهوم الصحيح للمثل السائر ولزيادة الاهتمام به ودراسته. ومما توصلت إليها المقالة من النتائج أن إطلاق اللفظة «المثل» مجردا لا تظهر المقصود منها إلا بإضافة صفة إليها فيقال المثل الفرضي أو المثل السائر، وأنه لا يسمى مثلا سائرا إلا ما يكون سائرا بين الناس من التعبير، وأن المثل السائر يستعمل لتشبيه بين حالين: «المورد والمضرب». وقد نسج الباحث في جمع المعلومات وتحليلها على منوال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي كما استعان بالاستبانات المعبئة الالكترونية والورقية. وأخيرا اختمت المقالة بعدد من الاقتراحات والتوصيات التي تمت الصلة بفهوم المثل واسستعمالاته. This paper focuses on explaining the concept of the Arabic word “almatsal” and it’s various derivatives in the Arabic lexicology and Qur’anic expressions.It equally explains different usage of the word (Almathal) as Almatha alkhurafi (legendary proverb) almathal alQur’ani (Quranic proverb) etc. The paper particularly concentrates on what is known as “almatsal as-sair” (Common Proverb) and other related literary and rhetoric terms such as idiomatic/wisdom expression, simile, figure of speech etc, in order to distinguish and make clarification of similarities and dissimilarities among them, characteristics of the said proverb were also discussed. Some of the findings of the paper include: the term “almatsal” has several meanings and usage pending on adjective attached to it, alMathel as-sair can only be used for a common expression and that it is for comparing two different instances (almawrid: where the statement is made for the first time and almadrab: (where the statement is quoted). The researcher followed a descriptive analytical method, and administered both electronic and paper-based questionnaires. The article concluded with a number of suggestions and recommendations.

An interesting example of a bronze seated Osiris statue dated back to the Late Period (664-332 B.C), preserved in the store museum of Kom Oshim, Fayoum, EGYPT. The hollowcasting process was used in the statue manufacturing technique. A detailed characterization of the statue was carried out through USB digital microscope, metallographic examination, portable X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results revealed that statute has been made of lead bronze alloy with low tin and high lead. EDS results showed that the gold leaf contains more than 90%wt. Au content. The corrosion products identified by XRD are cuprite, malachite, azurite and atacamite. Pre-treatment, a consolidation and fixing processes were carried out by using Paraloid B72 3% in acetone to ensure that the gilding adhered firmly to the surface. Mechanical cleaning was accomplished via safe hand tools to remove corrosion products and soil encrustations and avoid losing the gold remains. BTA 3% in alcohol was applied in the areas of active corrosion, then two layers of permalac were applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at shedding light on the progress of the library movement in the centenary of the Jordanian state, by defining the role of libraries and operative institutions in this field, in addition to measuring the reality of the published intellectual production of books and periodicals qualitatively, objectively, and temporally using the descriptive analytical approach (bibliometric). The beginning was from the library of al-Salt School Library in 1926, then followed by public and university libraries, represented by the University of Jordan Library in 1962, accompanied by the establishment of the first institute for teachers to grant a diploma, which evolved into a master's degree in 2007. The total published intellectual production amounted to 1268, most of which were published during the period from (2010-2014), dealing with the topic of types of libraries, and analysis showed that Professor Ribhi Ilayyan ranked first in terms of the most productive authors with (90) publications. The study recommended the importance of finding standards and legislation that support libraries and motivate the support of the library realty financially and morally, raising the efficiency of graduates, and supporting authorship in library science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflections of the surface waves in hydraulic wave flumes could affect the performance of the common piston, hinged and plunger type wavemakers. This paper proposes a new wavemaker to produce surface waves where the possible reflections are barely able to affect its performance. The proposed wavemaker includes an oscillating paddle at the bottom of the flume where the produced upward flow induces travelling surface waves. An analytical study is carried out on the wave generation of the system. It is shown that the paddle length could significantly affect the height of the generated waves, which could not happen in conventional wavemakers. Effects of the water depth and the excitation frequency on the induced surface waves are also investigated. It is demonstrated that for a specific paddle length, water depth and forcing period the best performance of the system could be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analytical study on the roles of fluid viscosity, pH, and ionic strength in the variations of the interparticle forces and the force equilibrium of a spherical particle resting on a particle bed. The purpose of this analytical study is to provide a theoretical explanation of the observed trends of the effects of viscosity, pH, and ionic strength on the particle mobilization under laminar flow conditions in an experimental program. Viscosity affects the mobilizing hydraulic shear force, while pH and ionic strength affect the interparticle surface forces (i.e., van der Waals force and electrostatic force) between a particle and the particle bed. In this paper, the experimental program and the observations on particle mobilization under the effects of viscosity, pH, and ionic strength are first overviewed; then, the hydraulic dynamic force and interparticle surface forces in terms of van der Waals force and electrostatic force are computed. The study investigates the variations of the van der Waals force and electrostatic force with particle separation distance, pH, ionic strength, and temperature and how the variations affect the critical flow velocity, i.e., the flow velocity that induces particle mobilization. The following major conclusions are drawn from this analytical study. (1) As the pH increases and zeta potential decreases, the electrostatic force (repulsion) between a test particle and a bed of particles increases, and the test particle is more likely to mobilize; thus, the critical flow velocity decreases. (2) As the ionic strength increases, the repulsive electrostatic force generally decreases and could cause the net surface force on the test particle to change from repulsion to attraction; consequently, the test particle becomes less likely to mobilize; thus, the critical flow velocity increases. (3) The trend of electrostatic force variation with ionic strength remains the same when the fluid's zeta potential changes from −10 to −40 mV. As the zeta potential decreases from −10 to −40 mV and the pH increases, the electrostatic force can increase by one order of magnitude and becomes more significant when compared with the van der Waals force. (4) When the fluid temperature increases from 5°C to 50°C, the variation of the electrostatic force is not significant and is within one order of magnitude at various ionic strengths. However, the hydraulic shear force decreases significantly due to the significant decrease of viscosity when the fluid temperature increases from 5°C to 50°C; thus, it significantly increases the magnitude of critical velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical and analytical solutions of Stokes theory of couple stress uid under the effects of constant, space, and variable viscosity in the inclined channel are discussed in this paper. The considered couple stress uid is described mathematically with the definition of the stress tensor. The dimensional form of the boundary value problem is transformed into dimensionless form by defining dimensionless quantities, and is then solved with the aid of the perturbation technique. The analytical expressions of velocity and temperature of all cases based on the viscosity of the couple stress uid are presented. For the validity of the perturbation solution, the Pseudo-Spectral collocation method is employed for each case of the viscosity model including constant, space, and Vogel's models, respectively. The solution of the perturbation method and Pseudo-Spectral methods are shown together in the graphs. The effects of couple stress parameters on velocity and temperature distributions are also elaborated with physical reasoning in the results and discussion section. It is observed that the velocity and temperature of uid escalate via the pressure gradient parameter and Brinkman number, while decelerating via the couple stress parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, atheism has deep roots in every culture and society. from ancient to modern times, atheism changes its objections, shapes, and forms, although the core idea remained same, doubts regarding the existence of God. In contemporary times, due to many reasons, atheism got a better space among the masses as compared to the past. In the modern western political, philosophical, and even scientific thoughts, the atheist ideology prevails, and its critique on religion, especially on Islam, became so obvious. The activities of atheism propagate their ideology in good manners via different mediums, i.e., books, social and electronic media, and scientific inventions as well. The believers, on the other hand, always take such ideas as challenges and try to pacify or nullify atheism. Even though, the believers, especially in the Muslim world, attempt to shackle out the other human beings from the thoughts of atheists. To clarify the questions of atheism, the scholars among the believers, attempted hard. Although, such exercise needs more attention and hard work. This paper tries to illuminate the major factors that are causing atheism in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents experimental and analytical investigations on the tensile and bond behaviour at elevated temperature of a polypara-phenylene-benzo-bisthiazole (PBO) fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) system for strengthening concrete elements. Direct tensile (DT) and single lap direct shear tests (DS) were performed under steady-state conditions at the following temperatures: 20 °C, 85 °C, 150 °C, 230 °C and 300 °C. The results obtained were evaluated in terms of strength, stiffness, ultimate strain, load vs. slip response at the interface PBO FRCM/concrete and failure modes. Overall, the tensile and bond properties were significantly affected by the temperature increase. These results are mainly associated with the reductions of mechanical properties of the FRCM constituent materials as well as the degradation of the interaction between the fibres and the inorganic matrix at elevated temperatures. The experimental results were then used (i) to evaluate the suitability of the Aveston–Cooper–Kelly (ACK) model in describing the tensile response of FRCM at elevated temperatures and (ii) to calibrate temperature-dependent local shear bond stress vs. slip laws for the FRCM-concrete interaction. • PBO fibres, mortar, PBO FRCM coupons and PBO FRCM-to-concrete joints exposed to temperatures ranging from 20°C to 300°C; • Steady-state mechanical properties determined at : 20°C, 85°C; 150°C; 230°C and 300°C; • Results obtained evaluated in terms of strength, stiffness, ultimate strain, shear stress and slip; • Assessment of the Aveston-Cooper-Kelly model in describing the tensile response of the PBO FRCM at elevated temperatures. • Parameters of the local shear bond stress vs slip laws calibrated using 1 1 It is important to note that due to the proprietary nature of the patented product used herein, detailed information regarding its composition is not available. the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the performance of multiple Backward Bent Duct Buoy (BBDB) Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy conversion (WEC) devices. The analytical model of the interaction between the multi-BBDB devices and waves is established based on the potential flow theory. The results show that the wave power absorption efficiency of multi-BBDBs follows a unimodal curve with the variation of linear turbine coefficients. Iterative methods can be used to obtain the optimal turbine coefficients for each BBDB. Compared with an isolated BBDB, the multi-BBDBs can broaden the bandwidth. The absorption efficiency obtained by optimizing the turbine coefficients of each device is much higher than that obtained by using a single optimal turbine coefficient for all devices, and the period bandwidth can be broadened by 53.1%. Additionally, the absorption efficiency of multi-BBDB devices varies periodically with the spacing, and the variation period with spacing is half of the wavelength. For multi-BBDB devices, most of the wave energy is converted by the upstream BBDB in the medium wavelength range, and other devices can be ignored. • The analytical model of the multi-backward bent duct buoy devices is established. • Compared with an isolated device, the multiple devices can broaden the bandwidth. • Optimizing the turbine coefficient of each device can absorb more energy. • The upstream device can absorb most wave energy in the medium wavelength range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research objectives to identify the level of legal knowledge of physical education teachers in Babylon governorate, as for the research methodology, the researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of survey studies because it is the best and easiest curriculum to reach the achievement of the objectives to be researched. The research community of physical education teachers in the Babylon education directorate for the academic year 2020-2021 has been identified, their number (699) distributed into four departments each: From (Al-Hilla Al-Markazi, Al-Mahawil District, Al-Hashemiya District, Al-Musayyib District), as for the research sample, it was determined randomly by (223) teachers and schools, and it formed a percentage of (31,90) of the research community. As for the most important conclusions, they were that the current scale is able to reveal the level of legal knowledge of physical education teachers, as the scale shows that there is a clear weakness in the legal knowledge of physical education teachers in some group games resulting from not following up on the amendments to the law of these games. As for the most important recommendations, they were as follows: Paying attention to the law for all games in a more serious manner by physical education teachers, it is also necessary to give part of the lesson time in which the legal aspect is addressed and to hold courses or training sessions to explain and interpret the articles of law for some group games, and also directing teachers by their supervisors upon their visits to a simplified explanation of the law during the implementation of the lesson plan, with the follow-up of sports activity through field visits to find out the legal level of physical education teachers, especially (female teachers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been demonstrated to be a realistic alternative to less maintenance and significantly longer service life due to its better mechanical properties and low permeability. The bond performance of the deformed steel bar embedded in UHPC is critically important for the safety of the UHPC structures. This paper conducted an experimental investigation on the bond behavior of deformed steel bars and UHPC. The impacts of loading method, UHPC strength, steel fiber type and content, rebar diameter, and cover thickness were studied. The testing results revealed that the specimens failed in three modes: pull-out, splitting + pull-out, and cone failure. The main factors affecting the bond strength are UHPC compressive strength, cover thickness, and fiber characteristics. The peak slip of rebar-UHPC increases with cover thickness and rebar diameter. Finally, an analytical model of the bond stress-slip relationship between the UHPC and deformed steel bar is obtained, which is in suitable agreement with the test results.

In this paper, an analytical study was conducted on two possible cases of dual-fuel combustion systems operating in premixed mode in counter-flow configuration fueled simultaneously with lycopodium particles/air and propane/air. Combustion behaviors of two distinct cases were discussed whose difference is whether there is an overlap between the reaction zone formed by combustion of propane and that formed by combustion of lycopodium particles. Non-dimensional forms of mass and energy conservation equations were formulated and analytically solved using Matlab and Mathematica. The derived analytical solution was first validated against experimental data and good agreement was achieved. Then, the profiles of temperature and species distributions for the two cases were discussed to evaluate the effects of overlap between reaction zones. It was found that in both cases, dual fuel mode can be considered as an effective technique for improving the combustion characteristics of lycopodium particles. However, the flame temperature in case 1 is higher than that in case 2. Eventually, influences of fuel and oxidizer Lewis numbers and particle size on the flame temperature and position were parametrically analyzed. Furthermore, flame temperature and position inversely varied with Lewis number of reactants and particle size. • Dual-fuel counter-flow premixed combustion of lycopodium-propane was studied. • Two potential cases for combustion behavior of the system were investigated. • Preheating, devolatilization, reaction, and post-flame zones were considered. • Temperature and mass distributions of the fuels and oxidizer were presented. • Effects of key parameters on flame temperature and position were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the thermal-diffusive instability boundaries of flames is of great significance in the field of combustion. In this paper, a detailed mathematical analysis is performed to detect the threshold of thermal-diffusive instability in planar counter-flow non-premixed flames using an asymptotic concept. Uniformly-scattered micron-sized lycopodium particles and air are applied as organic fuel and oxidizer, respectively. In order to suggest a basic combustion structure, preheat, vaporization, flame and oxidizer zones are considered. In the first phase of this investigation, time-dependent forms of mass and energy conservation equations are derived considering appropriate boundary and jump conditions. In each of the considered zones, governing equations are solved by Matlab and Mathematica software using perturbation method. To predict the onset of instability, critical values of frequency of the wrinkled flame front, Zeldovich and Lewis numbers are calculated. Eventually, the effects of wave number on the critical Zeldovich and Lewis number are explained. For validation purposes, results of this analysis obtained for critical flow strain rate (corresponding to extinction of the counter-flow non-premixed flame) are compared to those reported in prior studies. Based on the comparisons, proper compatibility is observed between the mathematical results of current study and the data reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large increase in average annual temperatures, a decrease in precipitation, and an increased frequency of extreme climatic events are the key hazards that Romanian agriculture faces in the near and medium term. Floods, droughts, and other extreme weather events would have the greatest impact on agriculture. From one year to the next, the earth's requirement for water grows. The increasing degradation of irrigation systems in Romania in recent decades, amid lack or insufficient maintenance and due to inadequate operation, coupled with low rainfall and unevenly distributed in the growing season, significantly affects agricultural production and living standards of the population from the irrigable territory of Romania. Due to this state of affairs, it was considered appropriate to conduct an analytical study to identify solutions to solve the objective problems faced by agricultural producers in Prut meadow amid drastic climate change in recent years, by rehabilitating and modernizing the irrigation infrastructure in the area. The increase of the technical-economic efficiency was taken into account, through a sustainable land-use. and by reducing irrigation water amount, aiming to obtain large, safe and quality agricultural production, while maintaining soil fertility. For this purpose, the scientifically substantiated results presented in scientific papers, technical and economic expertise as well as in projects and rehabilitation works performed on the components of irrigation facilities were analyzed. Both the works and the modern solutions adopted within the hydro-amelioration systems from the Prut meadow, from other areas of the country, as well as from abroad were analyzed. The investigations carried out highlighted possible appropriate research directions for the arrangements in the reference area, in order to streamline the crops irrigation activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

abstract: Due to low stiffness to lateral bending, long prestressed precast concrete beams are subject to lateral instability. For this reason, the safety analysis of these beams during the transitory stages of transport, lifting and assembly is fundamental. This work presents a nonlinear analytical model for the parametrical analysis of beams on bearing pads in their definitive location, without the effective connections being made. Such a solution determines a critical load of instability and considers the geometry of the cross-section, physical characteristics of the materials as well as geometric imperfections. A parametrical simulation is performed for the initial eccentricity, the initial rotation of the beam, concrete resistance, bearing pads dimensions, and the cross-section of the beam. The results show that the parameters of most considerable influence on beam stability are rotation stiffness of the bearing and the geometric characteristics of the cross-section of the beam, which can result in a reduction of about 50% of the critical rollover load. In addition, the cracking load may, in some cases, be close to the critical toppling load.

Wheat crop is considered to be one of the most important grain crops and a major source of food for the Egyptian people. The production and economic indicators of wheat yield were studied in Egypt. It is clear that the total area and production of wheat increased by 71 thousand feddans annually and, 199 thousand tons annually, respectively, at a significant level of 0.01. The coefficient of general trend of area and production were (R2) 0.80 respectively, which means that 87%, 80% of the changes in the total area and production of wheat are due to factors whose effect reflects the time variable. However, the food security factor should be increased to 0.50, as the minimum level of strategic stock security is achieved when the stock meets the needs of the population for at least 6 months. Which is estimate at 6.850 million tons during the period 2000-2015, which is edmivelent storage capacity of wheat, which estimated the average national consumption of wheat during about 13.579 million tons, it is noticed the food security coefficient is low than.

• A study on primary resonance phenomenon of micro-milling operations is developed. • Nonlinear Timoshenko beam and non-classical elasticity theories are considered. • Feed rate value has significant effect on the bending of frequency response curve. • The detuning parameter and damping ratio are the bifurcation parameters. • Neimark, symmetry breaking, flip and period-3 bifurcations occurred during milling. Avoidance of resonance in fluctuation of milling tool is vital for reaching excellence quality and performance of the cutting operation. The cutting tool in resonance condition vibrates with considerable magnitude that causes to increase milling tool wear and manufacturing prices. Analytical study of primary resonances and bifurcation behavior of a micro-milling process, including structural nonlinearities, gyroscopic moment, rotary inertia, velocity-dependent process damping, static and dynamic chip thickness, is chief aim of this article. The milling tool is modeled as a 3-D spinning cantilever beam that is motivated by cutting forces. To get the analytical solution for frequency response function and bifurcation behavior of the system under primary resonances, the method of multiple scales is operated on converted ordinary differential equations that are obtained by applying assumed modes method on nonlinear partial differential equations of tool vibration. The effects of different process parameters and nonlinear terms on the frequency response of the tool tip oscillations are examined. In addition, the effects of detuning parameter and damping ratio on the bifurcation and behavior of the limit cycle under primary resonances are examined. The results shows that these parameters are the bifurcation parameters and Neimark, symmetry breaking, flip, and period-3 bifurcations occur when the detuning parameter is varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid analytical heat conduction model was developed to predict the transient thermal evolution at the particle–substrate interface during the deposition of cold spray process. First, three-dimensional heat conduction model based on classical diffusion approach was developed to predict the transient surface temperature of the substrate. To that end, the traveling wave solution technique was utilized in order to take into account the effect of the movement of the cold spray nozzle. The results of the analytical model were validated with the experimentally measured surface temperature which was obtained by employing a low-pressure cold spray unit to generate the impingement of a compressed air jet on a flat substrate. The analytical model was further utilized to investigate the effect of the non-dimensional characteristic velocity of the traveling heat source on the surface temperature profile of the substrate. It was found that both the maximum surface temperature and the spatial variation of surface temperature profile of the substrate decreased as the non-dimensional characteristic velocity increased. The mathematical model was further extended by developing a one-dimensional hyperbolic (non-Fourier) heat conduction model to predict the temperature rise at the particle–substrate interface during the cold spray deposition process. In order to validate the results of the hybrid model, a three-dimensional finite element model was developed in ABAQUS to simulate the thermal and dynamic behavior of a single particle upon impact. The results of the hybrid analytical model for the temperature at the particle–substrate interface were compared to the results of the numerical model, and good agreement was found. It was concluded that by coupling the classical diffusion theory and hyperbolic heat conduction approach, the proposed hybrid analytical model can be utilized to predict the transient temperature of the particle–substrate interface during the cold spray deposition process a priori before experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of a post-tensioned transfer plate is typically controlled by shear force—in particular, punching shear at the slab-column connection. To verify the accuracy of the separated model only for one floor currently used in the design of a post-tensioned transfer plate, results were compared to a complete model with multi-story building system for which two representative residential building plans were used to emulate physical structural systems. Punching shear stress for the separated model was calculated using the eccentric shear stress model presented in ACI 318. Punching shear stress was found to be overestimated in the separated model, given that interaction between transfer plates and upper shear walls cannot be reflected therein. Differences at column locations were also noted as the number of stories below the transfer floor increased. Consequently, the separated model is not recommended for design of post-tensioned transfer plates. A complete model is more suitable for more realistic and potential cost-effective design, through the inclusion of the interaction between transfer plates and upper shear walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Use the maximum gas pressure directly below cover to distinguish different designs. • Address a balance between cover properties and vacuum pressure of horizontal wells. • A design formula defining the required cover properties with others parameters. Horizontal spacing of horizontal extraction gas wells can be designed to achieve a 90% pumping rate of the total generated landfill gas (LFG) from given waste properties (viz: gas permeability, landfill gas generation and non-homogeneity with depth), cover characteristics and vacuum pressure. However, cover characteristics and vacuum pressure are also important design parameters and different combinations of them result in different distributions of gas pressure in the waste, some of which would induce problematic air intrusion while others might pose threat to cover stability. This paper uses the maximum gas pressure directly below cover to distinguish these combinations, and provides the first study of the effects of the above parameters on potential outcomes. The ability of the overlying cover to resist LFG emission from the landfilled waste is suggested not to exceed a critical value, otherwise the maximum gas pressure below it would become at least 1 kPa larger than atmospheric pressure. A design formula for this critical value is proposed with respect to typical values of waste properties, vacuum pressure and the buried depth of horizontal wells in wide ranges. Together with consideration of recovery efficiency, the proposed method can be used to design a horizontal extraction gas collection system and a cover system in better working condition, and to evaluate the maximum gas pressure below cover. These applications are illustrated by a worked example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]