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Most studies concerning intraoperative temporary arterial occlusion overlook the period between and after clip placement.To analyze the brain tissue oxygen tension through the process by which anterograde arterial blood flow is re-established after temporary clipping (TR).In this prospective observational study, patients who presented to surgery for middle cerebral artery aneurysms were continuously monitored with ICM+, to obtain temporal (downstream) PbtO2 levels while M1 segment temporary clips were applied and removed. PbtO2 changes were analyzed and compared with the clipping phase, and measures of exposure to hypoxia were defined and assessed during both phases and used in a model to test the impact of extending them.Eighty-six TRs (20 patients) were recorded. The mean acquired amount of time per clip release (CR) event was 336.7 seconds. Temporary clip removal produced specifically shaped, highly individual PbtO2 curves that correlated with their corresponding clipping phase events but developing slower and less consistently. The CR phase was responsible for greater cumulative exposure to hypoxia than the clip application phase through the first and second minutes of each. In our model, the duration of the TR phase was mostly responsible for the total exposure to hypoxia, and longer CR phases reduced the mean exposure to hypoxia.During the clip removal phase, the brain tissue is still exposed to oxygen levels that are significantly below the baseline, reverting through a singular, dynamic process. Therefore, it must be regarded by surgeons with the same degree of attention as its counterpart.

This article deals with the promotion of housing for the working class in Portugal after World War II. The starting point of the research is the strategies followed by Companhia União Fabril (CUF) — a major Portuguese chemical company — between 1945 and 1972 in Barreiro, a town on the southern bank of the Tagus River, where the company had been gradually establishing its main factory grounds since the beginning of the twentieth century. The article argues that the publication of Law no. 2092 of April 9th 1958, which called upon welfare institutions to provide answers to the housing problem, was a fundamental step in the transformation of the Portuguese urban, suburban and rural environment, with massive consequences that historiography has yet to fully address.The article identifies the workers’ neighborhoods built by the company on factory grounds (1908-1946), comparing them to those that were later built on suburban farms (1951-1956), destined not only for the traditional working class, but also a growing middle-class that was emerging among the company’s staff. It then describes the operations that were carried out after the publication of the aforementioned law, between 1958 and 1967, and its repercussions up until the eve of the 1974 April Revolution. This law is essentially seen as positive, and had significant results in fighting the housing shortage issues of the time. However, we argue that it also shifted the housing provision responsibilities from private actors — in this case CUF — to public ones, leading to a fragmented urban landscape where the changes over the course of history — in terms of legislation, urban planning, architecture and social fabric — can be witnessed firsthand. Cet article porte sur la promotion du logement pour la classe ouvrière au Portugal après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le point de départ de la recherche sont les stratégies suivies par la CUF (Companhia União Fabril) — une grande entreprise chimique portugaise — entre 1945 et 1972 à Barreiro, une ville de la rive sud du Tage où l’entreprise avait progressivement établi ses principales usines depuis le début du XXe siècle. L’article soutient que la publication de la loi n° 2092 du 9 avril 1958, qui convoque les institutions sociales à apporter des réponses au problème du logement, a été une étape fondamentale pour la transformation de l’environnement urbain, suburbain et rural portugais, avec des conséquences massives pas encore entièrement prisent en compte par l’historiographie.L’article identifie les quartiers ouvriers construits par l’entreprise dans l’enceinte de l’usine (1908-1946) et les distingue de ceux construits plus tard dans les fermes de banlieue (1951-1956), maintenant destinés non seulement à la classe ouvrière traditionnelle mais aussi à une classe moyenne grandissante qui émergeait parmi le personnel de l’entreprise. Ensuite, il décrit les opérations qui ont été menées après la publication de ladite loi, entre 1958 et 1967, et leurs répercussions jusqu’à la veille de la Révolution d’avril 1974. Il s’agit essentiellement d’une loi positive, qui a eu des résultats significatifs dans la lutte contre la pénurie de logements de l’époque. Cependant, nous soutenons qu’elle a également transférée les responsabilités de fourniture de logements des acteurs privés – dans ce cas la CUF — vers les acteurs publics, conduisant à un paysage urbain fragmenté où les changements devenus au cours de l’histoire — en termes de législation, d’urbanisme, d’architecture et de tissu social – peuvent être observés sur le terrain.

This article is part of the research project ‘Coast to Coast– Late Portuguese Infrastructural Development in Continental Africa (Angola and Mozambique): Critical and Historical Analysis and Postcol...

After the Second World War, the Portuguese government was pressurised by international institutions to withdraw from its colonial territories in Africa and Asia. By way of resistance, the Estado No...

Emerging economies are in an almost winless situation: they would benefit from improving the extremely poor economic situation, making them self-reliant and economically productive. However, the poor fight for daily survival and, therefore, cannot afford to improve themselves. This article describes the state of the &ldquo, Grande Hotel&rdquo, in the city of Beira, Mozambique, built-in Portuguese colonial times, a real vertical shanty building that is occupied by approximately 1000 inhabitants trapped in poverty. To carry out any constructive intervention in a building or an urban complex, it is necessary to carry out a rehabilitation project that is developed based on a diagnosis of the building understudy, its main deteriorations, the causes, mechanisms of action, evolution, and possible treatments to be used for its repair. Analysis methods are necessary for the conservation of buildings since trying to stop, or correct buildings&rsquo, deterioration without a diagnosis of their problems or a prognosis on their evolution is a risky procedure with a high percentage of failure chances. The use of an appropriate methodology for diagnosing the damage present in the &ldquo, and its prediction of evolution and development should directly impact a better quality of rehabilitation projects in the neighborhood where the building is located.

Background. The hypothesis that breasteeding has a protectve effect in childhood obesity is not new; however, controversial results have been published. Since the Azores reported the lowest rate of breasteeding in Portugal and a high prevalence of childhood obesity, it becomes important to understand whether these facts are related or not. Objectves. To investgate the relatonship between breasteeding and childhood obesity in a populaton of Azorean children. Material and methods. A cross-sectonal study was carried out on 183 Azorean children between 5–10 years of age between September and December 2016. The weight and height of the children were measured at the consultaton and other variables were investgated through a questonnaire. The associaton between breasteeding and childhood obesity was tested using logistc regression models. Results. 18.6% of the children were obese and 74.3% were breasted. The exclusive breasteeding rate at 6 months was 3.3%. Complementary breasteeding was present in 39.3% at 6 months and 7.1% at 2 years. Obese children were breasted less tme than non-obesechildren, suggestng a dose-effect relatonship (p = 0.025). We found a signifcant and independent relatonship between infant obesity and total tme of breasteeding (RR = 0.906; 95% CI [0.842, 0.974]; p = 0.008), physical actvity (RR = 0.883; 95% CI [0.801, 0.972]; p = 0.012) and maternal nutritonal status (RR = 3.452; 95% CI [1.361, 8.755]; p = 0.009). Conclusions. Breasteeding and physical actvity behaved as protectve factors for childhood obesity, while the nutritonal status of the mother acted as a risk factor. Childhood obesity is a current problem in the Azores, and breasteeding can be an effectve, simple and affordable tool to reduce this.

Introduction The diversity in the public image about nurses, the nursing profession, and the comprehension about the true functions and domains of nurses’ job engagement is one of the powerful contrivances that impact nurses’ self-esteem and authority, and recruitment and retention in the health industry.Objective This study aims at identifying the difference between nurses’ perception about the different stakeholders’ image of a nurse.Methods Self-reports on nurses’ perception about doctors’ image of a nurse, patients’ image of a nurse, other hospital staffs’ image of a nurse, and self-perception about a nurse were collected from a sample of 749 registered nurses selected using stratified random sampling from different settings across the state. Data were collected using an adapted version of the Porter Nursing Image Scale.Results Data were tested for the mean and standard deviation (SD); and within-subjects difference using the general linear model and repeated measures analysis of variance indicated a difference in the nurses’ perception about image of a nurse with respect to doctors (mean = 53.22; SD = 6.5), patients (mean = 51.91; SD = 6.9), other hospital staff (mean = 53.05; SD = 6.8), and self (mean = 58.36; SD = 6.9), with F(2.625, 1963.5) = 352.656, p < 0.000, and R 2 = 0.32.Conclusion The findings indicate a difference in the nurses’ perception about the stakeholders’ image of a nurse. This research suggests the need for strategies toward promoting positive nurse image among stakeholders.

Spraying in agriculture represents a societal challenge due to its negative impact in human and animal health and in the environment. Increasing spraying efficiency towards the objective of "right time, right amount, right place", involves the reduction of losses and, consequently, the amount of phytopharmaceuticals used, water usage, and human and animal exposure to pesticides, and the increase of the spraying system availability while reducing labour costs. Furthermore, the adoption of new ecological spraying treatments to increase both yield and treatment efficiency is desirable. Agriculture in rough terrain is also challenging, due to the steepness of some terrain, lack of space to manoeuvre, difficulties of communication due to natural obstacles and the associated harsh atmospheric conditions. To cope with these challenges a consortium with complementary precision farming actors was formed for the SCORPION project, bringing together steep slope vineyards associations (CERVIM, INNOVI), robotics and agricultural machinery RTD institutions (INESC, EUT, and CNR-STEMS, WUR), SMEs and large company (TEYME, Deimos, SPI), and an institution devoted to innovation in the sector (IPN).

Abordaremos aspectos relacionados às normas eleitorais que guardam relevância para a inclusão de grupos excluídos ou com restrições significativas quanto ao acesso à representação política. Dessa forma, iremos focar em três aspectos: (a) os avanços e os desafios das candidaturas coletivas; (b) o financiamento público de mulheres e pessoas negras; e (c) a relação entre partidos políticos e candidaturas indígenas. Entendemos a importância de mobilizar uma discussão específica sobre os três aspectos suscitados e a legislação sobre partidos políticos e sua organização. Em todas essas discussões, pesa a necessidade de refletir sobre o grau de autonomia partidária e em que medida ela deve ser compreendida como um princípio absoluto.

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The General Urban Development Plan for Lourenço Marques (today Maputo) was approved on 25th April 1955. Coordinated by architect João Aguiar, director of the Colonial Planning Office. it was developed based on the first urban plan for the city, which had been drawn up by Joaquim José Machado and António José de Araújo in 1887. A further new Master Plan for Lourenço Marques was drawn up between 1967 and 1969. This new one was the last before Mozambique gained independence in 1975 and it was drafted by a specialist team coordinated by the engineer and urbanist Mário de Azevedo. The orientations applied in Aguiar’s Urban Plan were quite distinct from those of Azevedo’s Master Plan. The innovative element was that it opposed the ‘conception of a city closed in on itself, limited in size and structure’.1 Azevedo’s plan furthered a regional interpretation of the territory and placed the emphasis on the provision of an entire transport infrastructure network by land, sea, and air. This paper seeks to throw light on the evolution of Portuguese urbanism in the Portuguese African colonies in the last years of colonization with a view to highlighting the different approaches.

Background Although declining, adolescent pregnancy remains an important health concern and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. We aimed to characterize adolescent pregnancy in a level II hospital and the observed maternal, fetal, and perinatal complications. Methods We conducted a case-series study of five-years duration with adolescent mothers and their newborns. We collected sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal data through chart review and conducted a comparison analysis between newborns who needed hospitalization and those who did not. Results We identified 112 newborns with adolescent mothers. Most pregnancies were unplanned (89.3%) and the start of pregnancy surveillance was late. The most frequent complications were intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios, and threatened preterm labor. Prematurity was found in 9.8% of the newborns and 0.9% had less than 32 weeks at the time of birth. Thirteen newborns (11.6%) needed hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit, with three (23%) needing invasive ventilation. The main diagnoses of admission were prematurity, social risk, low birth weight, feeding difficulties, and newborn respiratory distress syndrome. Hospitalization seemed associated with less frequent breastfeeding. Among the hospitalized newborns, there was a high rate of discharge at the care of a relative or an institution (30.8%). Surprisingly, surveillance during pregnancy did not seem to differ between newborns that needed hospitalization and those that did not. Discussion Adolescent pregnancy is associated with poor surveillance as well as obstetric and neonatal complications. Newborns of adolescent mothers have a high hospitalization rate, but further investigations are needed to fully understand the contributing factors. The creation of multidisciplinary teams is fundamental for reducing complications, and appropriate reproductive health programs should focus on reducing adolescent pregnancy through better access to education and contraception. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introduction: Impalement injuries are defined as rare, high-energy lesions caused by foreign bodies, usually steel bars or wooden objects, which pierce body cavities or extremities and remain interposed in the perforated body region. They usually occur with road accident or civil construction falls. Case Report:A 24-year-old male patient was admitted at the emergency department after a motorcycle accident, resulting a left leg impalement with a wooden object. A partial deep peroneal nerve palsy and a proximal third fibula fracture were observed. The foreign body removal and wound debridement were performed. The patient evolved favorably without complications, with complete neurological recovery and returning to his normal life activities. Discussion: Impalement injuries represent a challenge in pre-hospital care, emergency room, and operating room hospital care, due to its rarity and specificity: Type of object, anomalous foreign body location, and trajectory. There is a consensus that whenever possible, it should be removed in the operating room, due to the foreign body may be tamponing a major arterial laceration, thus preventing massive hemorrhage. Conclusion: Neurovascular injury exclusion, foreign body removal in the operating room, debridement, and antibiotic prophylaxis represent the treatment basis of these injuries. Keywords: Impalement, Trauma, Leg

Environmental Education as an educative practice is committed to the formation of environmentally aware citizens. This paper aims to report the practical experiences of Environmental Education obtained through outreach actions developed by students in the Environmental Sciences Master’s Program of the Federal University of Pelotas, in partnership with the Center for Education, Research and Outreach on Waste and Sustainability. The project was developed in two schools of the public network in the municipality of Pelotas/RS, with the participation of approximately fifty children from elementary school, who were between six and fourteen years old. Through awareness raising, puppet theater pedagogical workshops, drawings, graffiti workshop, storytelling and ludic games and activities focusing on the environment, we sought to approach topics such as: solid waste, tree planting, and the crimes that occurred in Mariana and Brumadinho. The results of the workshops were positive, contributing to a better understanding of the human interaction with the environment and the consequences from human actions.

Background Professionalism is a key trait connecting the nurse and patient, and Code of Professional Conduct, a professional legitimacy in considering nursing as a profession and an essential tool that facilitates nurse practice. This study aims to develop Nurse Professionalism Scale using the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in India and test the psychometric properties. Methods A sample of 1054 registered nurses working in various work areas at different levels and sectors of health care was selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through self-report from registered nurses and multi-source feedback from their supervisors and colleagues. A total of 830 self-reported data sets, 687 supervisor and 747 colleague responses were received. Following data cleaning, complete sets of 644 self-supervisor-colleague responses were used for analysis using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS version 25 and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS 22. Results Reliability estimate for internal consistency of the 38 item scale was .910 (self report), .951 (supervisor feedback) and .952 (colleague feedback). Exploratory factor analysis using self-reports extracted five factors with 22 items at Eigen values > 1. Items with communalities ≥ .4 and factor loadings ≥ .5 were retained. Five factors explained total cumulative variance extracted at 51 percent and KMO value of .893 indicated sample adequacy. Bartlett Test of Sphericity was significant (χ2 = 3318, df = 231, p

A “escola”, em Vila Nova de Gaia, constitui uma marca fortemente identitária nas comunidades, testemunhada não só pelos memoriais evocativos e estatuária abundante como, ainda, pela toponímia relacionada com as instituições escolares, professores, filantropos e outros agentes sociais, espalhada por todo o território e, obviamente, materializada em edifícios com funções educativas. Na tentativa de contribuir para o impulso da criação de uma estrutura que permita a aprendizagem cognitiva e experimental do diversificado passado histórico educativo gaiense, esta investigação, que cruza a pesquisa documental arquivística e hemerográfica, com o estudo de campo, levantamento e sistematização tipológica, tem por objetivo traçar uma panorâmica dinâmica e descritiva do património edificado de Vila Nova de Gaia, até à edificação dos projetos-tipo de escolas regionalizadas, na década de trinta do século XX.

The search for rigorous, transparent and domain-specific measures of empowerment that can be used for gender analysis is ongoing. This paper explores the added value of a new measure of domain-specific autonomy. This direct measure of motivational autonomy emanates from the “selfdetermination theory” (Ryan and Deci, 2000). We examine in detail the Relative Autonomy Index (RAI) for individuals, using data representative of Bangladeshi rural areas. Based on descriptive statistical analyses, we conclude that the measure and its scale perform broadly well in terms of conceptual validity and reliability. Based on an exploratory analysis of the determinants of autonomy of men and women in Bangladesh, we find that neither age, education nor income are suitable proxies for autonomy. This implies that the RAI adds new information about individuals, and as such, could represent a promising avenue for further empirical exploration as a quantitative, yet nuanced, measure of domain-specific empowerment.

Interoperability is a prerequisite for electronic communication and the exchange of information between different actors, but it is much broader than technical in nature. Taken in the broader sense as presented in the EIF4CC, interoperability is a necessary condition for achieving and further developing Smart Cities and Communities in Europe. Interoperability is crucial to overcome challenges in cities and communities. Lack of interoperability leads to fragmented service delivery at local level as well as a lack of communication among different platforms, technologies and stakeholders, resulting in suboptimal services to the public. The EIF4SCC as such fits into the multi-level governance context of the EU, where all levels of public administration play a key role in achieving interoperability at local, regional, national, European and global level. The aim of this project is to expand the current notion of the eGovernment European Interoperability Framework to other scales and actors through Smart Cities & Communities.

Monitoring the progress parties have made toward meeting global biodiversity targets requires appropriate indicators. The recognition of Invasive alien species (IAS) as a biodiversity threat has led to the development of specific targets aiming at reducing their prevalence and impact. However, indicators for adequately monitoring and reporting on the status of biological invasions have been slow to emerge, with those that exist being arguably insufficient. We performed a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to assess the adequacy of existing IAS indicators against a range of policy-relevant and scientifically valid properties. We found that very few indicators have most of the desirable properties, and that existing indicators are unevenly spread across the components of the Driver-Pressure-State-Response and Theory of Change frameworks. We provide three possible reasons for this: i) inadequate attention paid to the requirements of an effective IAS indicator, (ii) insufficient data required to populate and inform policy-relevant, scientifically robust indicators, or (iii) deficient investment in the development and maintenance of IAS indicators. This review includes a gap analysis of where current inadequacies in IAS indicators exist, and provides a roadmap for the future development of indicators capable of measuring progress made toward mitigating and halting biological invasions.

Introduction: Trapezium fracture is a rare entity whose treatment is controversial. The reported cases range from conservative treatment to surgical treatment with good reported results. Case Report: This paper reports a clinical case of trapezium-metacarpal fracture-dislocation associated with trapezius fracture and Bennett fracture, surgically treated with excellent functional and radiological results. The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation with two screws, excision of fragments, and reinsertion of the anterior oblique ligament. At the year of follow-up, the patient presented no mobility limitations and recovered grip strength. Conclusion: This case study allows us to conclude that open reduction and internal fixation with screws of the dorsal trapezium ridge fractures with ligament repair of the anterior oblique ligament is a valid treatment with the reproduction of good clinical results. Keywords: Hand surgery, internal fixation, trapezium fracture.

Background: The benefits of the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 remain controversial. Methods: In this multicenter cohort study, we analyzed all the adult patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 who received extracorporeal respiratory support at 25 ECMO centers (23 in Spain and two in Portugal) during the first and second waves of the pandemic. Follow-up ended on December 1. Our primary aim was to describe this cohort taking into account its evolution during the pandemic. We also investigated hazard ratios for hospital mortality. Findings: A total of 334 patients were included. Patients supported during the second wave [176 (52.7%)] were older (54.6±9.7 vs 50.9±10.6,p=0.001), had more comorbidities, were more frequently coinfected at the start of ECMO [62 (35.2%) vs 37 (23.3%),p=0.028] and were less likely to be treated at a high-volume center [42 (23.9%) vs 54 (34.2%),p=0.008] than those supported during the first wave [158 (47.3%)]. At December 1, 134 (40.1%) patients had died and 49 (14.6%) were still on ECMO. Among patients supported during the first wave, 93 (58.8%) were discharged and all were alive at six months. Older age [HR 3.49 (1.94-6.28),p

How did women architects shape a modern world in the late period of Portuguese colonial Africa, just before the Carnation Revolution? The specific role of women in Portugal working in colonial African architectural culture has now started to be addressed by Portuguese and Lusophone-African historiography. During the 1950s, the presence of women in the metropolitan schools of architecture was reduced. Of those who could graduate, few actually worked as architects. Most were absorbed by the commonly feminine roles, resulting from marriage and from the ideal of family promoted by the Estado Novo dictatorship. To the ones that risked prosecution for working outside the family, the option of jobs associated with the feminine universe, such as teaching, was privileged. Among those who were emancipated from this pattern, the majority worked in familiar partnerships, regarded as an extension of marriage. The women architects that follow the husbands in their African emigration often ended up having the opportunities to work in their professional field partly due to the lack of qualified technicians, and to the high demand of commissions. This paper not only seeks to outline a perspective on these women, but also tries to understand the context of their work by presenting two case-studies in the late in the late period of Portuguese Colonisation: Maria Carlota Quintanilha and Maria Emilia Caria.

Post-colonial visions on the role of modernization and the modern city in the colonization effort have looked at this process in an exclusively critical way, tending towards diminishing the role of modernity in the construction of a better urban existence. The dwellings for Africans were to be constructed as self-builds based on residential typologies Simoes de Carvalho was developing at the time, as seen in the particular case of the Bairro dos Pescadores in Ilha de Luanda. The Prenda district is a test tube for contemporary Luanda, its complexities and contradictions and its balances and vulnerabilities. Based on its current configuration, can define more appropriate parameters for the “type” of megacity Luanda is becoming. The conversion of all the void spaces in the common areas of the buildings to spaces that added residential comfort, helped the researchers involved in the study to understand the pivotal issue of the lack of housing in the everyday life of Luanda.

In passive solar buildings, energy can be stored using either sensible heat materials or latent heat materials. Phase change materials (PCM) can contribute to temperature control in passive solar buildings when melting occurs near to comfort temperature required for building’s interior spaces. The use of finite element method (FEM) as a numerical methodology for solving the thermal problem associated with heat transfer in current building materials and PCMs make sense, as it is a well-known technique, generalized and dominated, however, still little applied to the domain of building physics. In this work, a solar model was developed and applied in order to simulate numerically the effect of solar radiation incidence on each face of the test cells (with different solar exposures) without neglecting the main objective of the recommended numerical simulation: the study of the action of PCM. During the experimental campaign, two test cells with distinct inner layers were used to evaluate the effect of solar radiation: (i) REFM test cell (without PCM) with a reference mortar; (ii) PCMM test cell (with PCM) with a PCM mortar. The temperatures monitored inside the REFM and PCMM test cells were compared with the values resulting from the numerical simulation, using FEM with 3D discretization and the explicit modeling of the solar radiation, and the obtained results revealed a significant coherence of values.

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