Search

Mitigating reductions in vigor in onion seed production has been a great challenge to breeding programs. Therefore, we compared the effects of inbreeding depression among populations obtained from self-fertilization and crossbreeding with two and three plants. We evaluated eleven populations and three breeding methods (two and three-plant crossbreeding, and self-fertilization of one plant) and measured the characteristics related to seed yield (plant appearance, stem vigor, number of umbels, flowering uniformity, fruit setting, and resistance to Alternaria) from 2014 to 2015. Thirteen RAPD molecular markers were used to determine the genetic divergence among populations derived from different breeding methods. We found that inbreeding depression affects plant vigor in early generations that have greater heterozygosity. Three-plant crossbreeding results in greater seed yield in populations with low levels of inbreeding. The populations obtained from self-fertilization and two- and three-plant crossbreeding were genetically similar, demonstrating the efficiency of obtaining inbred lines without genetic divergence.

Soy is one of the main cultivated species in the world with great economic expression and high impact on Brazilian agribusiness. The productive potential is expressed due to the genetic constitution of the cultivar and the environment in which it is exposed. The market demands for bean production require the ideal handling of the culture in order to optimize the yield potential of the plant. In this context, the handling of the culture is essential to achieve success when cultivating soy. Plant population influences the agronomic characters and consequently in the grain yield. Thus, this factor needs particular studies for each cultivar. The objective in this study was evaluating the influence of the plant population on the productive potential and agronomic characters in soy, in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais. The experiment was performed in Capim Branco Farm, which belongs to the Federal University of Uberlandia. The study was composed by 15 treatments in a 3x5 factorial scheme, constituted by three cultivars (UFUS 7415, UFUS 7401 and UFUS 6901) and five plant populations (200, 240, 280, 320 and 360 thousand plants ha-1). It was adopted the experimental outlining of randomized complete blocks, with five repetitions. The evaluated characters were: number of days to flowering and maturity (NDF and NDM), plant height at flowering and maturity (APF and APM), number of nodes at flowering and maturity (NNF and NNM), insertion height for the first pod (APV), total number of pods (NVT), thousand grain weight (P1000G) and productivity (PROD). It was noted that plant population didn’t interfere in the soy cycle, number of nodes and thousand grain weight. The cultivars UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415 and UFUS 7401 presented better yields in populations of 240, 280 and 320 thousand plants ha-1 respectively. A soja é uma das principais espécies cultivadas no mundo, com grande expressão econômica e alto impacto no agronegócio brasileiro. O potencial produtivo é expresso devido à constituição genética da cultivar e ao ambiente em que está exposta. As demandas do mercado para a produção do grão requerem o manuseio ideal da cultura, a fim de otimizar o potencial de rendimento da planta. Nesse contexto, o manejo da cultura é essencial para obter sucesso no cultivo da soja. A população de plantas influencia os caracteres agronômicos e, consequentemente, no rendimento de grãos. Assim, esse fator necessita de estudos específicos para cada cultivar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da população de plantas no potencial produtivo e nos caracteres agronômicos da soja, em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Capim Branco, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. O estudo foi composto por 15 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3x5, constituído por três cultivares (UFUS 7415, UFUS 7401 e UFUS 6901) e cinco populações de plantas (200, 240, 280, 320 e 360 ​​mil plantas ha-1). Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: número de dias para o florescimento e maturidade (NDF e NDM), altura da planta no florescimento e maturidade (APF e APM), número de nós no florescimento e maturidade (NNF e NNM), altura de inserção da primeira vagem (APV), número total de vagens (NVT), peso de mil grãos (P1000G) e produtividade (PROD). Observou-se que a população de plantas não interferiu no ciclo da soja, número de nós e peso de mil grãos. As cultivares UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415 e UFUS 7401 apresentaram melhores rendimentos nas populações de 240, 280 e 320 mil plantas ha-1, respectivamente.

Evaluation of pre-commercial hybrids in a germplasm bank is essential for determining its commercial potential or its utility as a potential genitor in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to determine genetic divergence and per se behavior of 47 pre-commercial hybrids from okra germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Precocity index (%), number of fruits (fruits per plant), average fruit mass (g) and productivity (g per plant) were evaluated. Analysis of genetic divergence was performed by multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis distance with different clustering methods (UPGMA and canonical analysis). The performance of hybrids was compared by Scott-Knott (p= 0.05). A significant genetic variability among okra hybrids was observed. UPGMA and canonical analysis grouped the hybrids similarly, being satisfactory to represent genetic divergence. Ten hybrids presented higher performance than the commercial hybrids. Among them, UFU-QB16 stood out as the most promising hybrid for being used as a potential parent in breeding programs after auto pollination. RESUMO A avaliação de híbridos pré-comerciais em um banco de germoplasma é essencial para determinar seu potencial comercial ou sua utilidade como potenciais genitores em um programa de melhoramento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a divergência genética e o comportamento per se de 47 híbridos pré-comerciais pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma de quiabeiro da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Foi avaliado o índice de precocidade (%), o número de frutos (frutos por planta), o peso médio do fruto (g) e a produtividade (g por planta). A análise da divergência genética foi realizada por meio de técnicas multivariadas utilizando-se a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis e empregando-se diferentes métodos de agrupamento (UPGMA e Variáveis Canônicas). O desempenho dos híbridos foi comparado pelo teste de médias Scott-Knott (p= 0,05). Houve significativa variabilidade genética entre os híbridos de quiabeiro. Os métodos UPGMA e Variáveis Canônicas agruparam os híbridos de forma semelhante, sendo satisfatórios para representar a divergência genética. Dez híbridos obtiveram desempenho superior aos híbridos comerciais. Dentre eles, o híbrido pré-comercial UFU-QB16 se destacou como o mais promissor, podendo também ser utilizado, após autofecundação, na obtenção de genitores potenciais em programas de melhoramento genético.

The expansion of cotton crop into irrigated and high lands of Brazilian Cerrado, despite the possibility of increasing fiber yield, led to the occurrence of diseases previously considered secondary, such as white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]. Host genetic resistance is of extreme importance in integrated strategies to manage this disease. Resistance of Brazilian cotton genotypes, challenged with different strains of S. sclerotiorum, under two incubation conditions for disease progress was evaluated. In addition, possible correlation between oxalic acid and straw test methods to rank the genotypes was evaluated. Artificial inoculation was done when cotton plants reached the V2 phenological stage with fungi isolated from naturally infected soybean (ScS) or cotton (ScC) commercial crops. Control plants were inoculated with culture medium. After inoculation, plants were kept for one week either in a growth chamber or in greenhouse and evaluated for disease symptoms and severity. The oxalic acid test consisted of stem submersion of rootless cotton plants in a 2-cm layer of 20 or 40 mM solutions for 20, 44 or 68 h. A wilting scale was used to distinguish genotype's sensibility to the acid. The data were submitted to individual, joint, and multivariate analysis, grouping cotton genotypes by the Scott-Knott's test (p < 0.05), the hierarchical UPGMA and the non-hierarchical Tocher methods. Difference in aggressiveness between strains was identified, in which ScC led to greater disease severity. This result suggests a possible physiological specialization of S. sclerotiorum to different hosts. It was observed that the growth chamber environment provided more adequate conditions for S. sclerotiorum infection, thus allowing better selection of resistant cotton genotypes. UPGMA and Tocher grouping methods further confirmed that the evaluated genotypes differ from each other in resistance to white mold. No correlation between oxalic acid and straw test methods was observed. A expansão da cultura do algodoeiro para terras altas e irrigadas do Cerrado brasileiro, apesar da possibilidade de aumentar a produção de fibras, levou à ocorrência de doenças antes consideradas secundárias, como o mofo branco [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]. A resistência genética do hospedeiro é de extrema importância nas estratégias de manejo integrado dessa doença. Avaliou-se a resistência de genótipos brasileiros de algodão, desafiados com diferentes isolados de S. sclerotiorum, sob duas condições de incubação para o progresso da doença. Além disso, foi avaliada a possível correlação entre os métodos do ácido oxálico e do straw test para ranquear os genótipos. A inoculação artificial foi realizada quando as plantas de algodoeiro atingiram o estágio fenológico V2, com fungos isolados de culturas comerciais de soja (ScS) ou de algodão (ScC) naturalmente infectadas. O controle consistiu de plantas inoculadas somente com meio de cultura. Após a inoculação, as plantas foram mantidas em câmara de crescimento ou em casa de vegetação durante uma semana e avaliadas quanto aos sintomas e severidade da doença. O teste do ácido oxálico consistiu na submersão da haste das plantas de algodão, após remoção das raízes, em uma solução de 20 ou 40 mM por 20, 44 ou 68 h. Uma escala visual de murcha foi usada para distinguir a sensibilidade dos genótipos ao ácido. Os dados foram submetidos à análise individual, conjunta e multivariada, agrupando os genótipos de algodoeiro pelo teste de Scott-Knott (p < 0,05) e pelos métodos UPGMA e de Tocher. Diferença na agressividade entre os isolados foi identificada, na qual ScC resultou em maior severidade da doença. Isto sugere possível especialização fisiológica de S. sclerotiorum para diferentes hospedeiros. Observou-se que o ambiente da câmara de crescimento proporcionou condições mais adequadas para infecção por S. sclerotiorum comparativamente à casa de vegetação, permitindo melhor seleção de genótipos resistentes. Os métodos de agrupamento UPGMA e Tocher confirmaram que os genótipos avaliados diferem entre si na resistência ao mofo branco. Não foi observada correlação entre o ácido oxálico e o straw test.

The major diseases limiting soybean growth and yield must be either controlled or mitigated. Among these, soybean rust is the most harmful; in addition, Phakopsora pachyrhizi populations less susceptible to both IDM and IQe fungicides were observed. Therefore, this invention aimed at developing a new soybean cultivar rust resistant and highly productive. Generations were advanced by single seed descent method on the Capim Branco farm, Federal University of Uberlândia. Value for Cultivation and Use were carried out during a 3-year period (2010/13) in several locations, and Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability experiments for a 2-year period (2011/13) on the Capim Branco farm. Hence, we developed the novel soybean cultivar designated UFUS 7415. UFUS 7415 has shown high contents of oil (20%) and protein (40%), and high yield potential (4.300 kg ha-1) even in environments with Asian rust.

Soybean has great economic importance in the world accordingly, this legume has been exploited in breeding programs aiming to provide cultivars with extensive grain yield, tolerant to pests and diseases, and adapted to different soil and climatic conditions. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to evaluate genetic parameters and correlations between soybean traits to select lineages to increase yield and improve agronomic traits. Experiments were carried out on the Capim Branco farm, of the Federal University of Uberlândia, harvest in 2016/2017. Fifteen morph-agronomic traits were assessed on twenty-two genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Agronomic traits related to cycle, height, number of nodes and total pods have shown coefficients of genotypic determination higher than 70%. In addition, coefficients of variation of the number of days to the flowering and number of days to maturity were equal to 3.79% and 4.87%, respectively, indicating high homogeneity of data and low random variation. Among evaluated traits, ten have presented the ratios between the coefficient of genetic variation (CVg) and coefficient of environmental variation (CVe) above one, demonstrating high success likelihood in the selection of these traits. Fifteen genotypes have presented grain yield above the national average of the 2016/2017 harvest, which was 2882 kg h-1. Significant phenotypic correlations between traits ranged from -0.49 to 0.89, however genotype correlation was higher than the phenotypic ones, indicating that genetic factors have contributed more than the environmental factors. Traits related to cycle, height, and the number of nodes in the main stem have presented measures of H² and CVg / CVe with extensive magnitudes, evidencing the possibility of selection lineages having superior traits in the Soybean Breeding Program of the Federal University of Uberlândia. To increasing grain yield, the traits Number of pods of three grains and the Total number of pods were identified as appropriated to indirect selection based on the phenotypic and genotypic correlations. The 2lP14, B2P1, B2P28, B1P33 and 2AP11 lineages stand out as superior genotypes to direct selection. A soja é uma cultivar de grande importância econômica mundial e por esse motivo essa leguminosa é explorada nos programas de melhoramento, que visam disponibilizar cultivares de alta produtividade de grãos, tolerantes a pragas e doenças e adaptadas à diferentes condições edafoclimáticas. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram selecionar linhagens, avaliar parâmetros genéticos e correlações entre caracteres de soja. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Fazenda Capim Branco pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia na safra de 2016/2017. Avaliaram-se 22 genótipos em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições para 15 caracteres morfo-agronômicos. Os caracteres agronômicos relacionados ao ciclo, altura, número de nós e vagens totais tiveram coeficiente de determinação genotípico superiores a 70%. Obteve-se coeficiente de variação para o caráter número de dias para o florescimento igual a 3,79% e para o caráter número de dias para maturação, 4,87%, indicando maior homogeneidade entre os dados e baixa variação ao acaso. Dos caracteres avaliados, dez apresentaram razão entre coeficiente de variação genético e coeficiente de variação ambiental superiores a um, demonstrando oportunidade de sucesso no processo de seleção para esses respectivos caracteres. 15 genótipos obtiveram produtividade de grãos superior à média nacional de safra 2016/2017, isto é, a 2882 kg h-1. As correlações fenotípicas entre caracteres que foram significativas oscilaram de -0,49 a 0,89, cujas estimativas de correlação genotípica foram superiores à correlação fenotípica, indicando que os fatores genéticos contribuíram mais que os ambientais. Os caracteres relacionados ao ciclo, altura e número de nós na haste principal, tiveram H² de elevada magnitude e altas estimativas na razão CVg/CVe, evidenciando a possibilidade de seleção de linhagens superiores no Programa de Melhoramento de Soja da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Considerando o caráter produtividade de grãos, foi possível identificar número de vagens de três grãos e número total de vagens para a seleção indireta, com base nas correlações fenotípicas e genotípicas. As linhagens 2lP14, B2P1, B2P28, B1P33 e 2AP11 destacam-se como genótipos superiores na seleção direta.

In recent decades, the expansion of soybean production in Brazil has been observed. This advance was motivated by the search of environments with better cultivation conditions, as well as the development of genotypes with wide adaptation. The diversity of "environments" hinders the process of selection and recommendation of cultivars, since the productive potential of a cultivar is given as a function of the sum of the genotype effect, the environment and the interaction between the latter two (G x E). In the case of this G x E interaction, regional studies are necessary in order to detail the differential behavior of the cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the genotype interaction by environments, adaptability and phenotypic stability for grain yield, of fifteen soybean cultivars, in four sowing seasons, in order to identify cultivars that combine high productive potential, predictability of behavior and adaptation to the edaphoclimatic conditions of Uberlândia-MG. The trials were conducted at the Experimental Farm Capim Branco, in Uberlândia-MG. Fifteen soybean cultivars were evaluated in four sowing seasons (October 23, 2016, November 19, 2016, December 10, 2016 and January 14, 2017), in relation to grain yield. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks, with three replications, in each season. Data were submitted to individual and joint analyzes. The G x E interaction was decomposed by the method proposed by Cruz and Castoldi (1991). The differential behavior of the genotypes was detailed by the adaptability and phenotypic stability by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998), AMMI and Centroid. By the analysis of joint variance, it was observed the existence of the cultivar interaction by sowing times (C x E), for the grain yield trait, at the 5 % probability level by the F test. The C x E was predominantly complex in nature. The cultivar CD 2737 RR presented satisfactory results for the four sowing seasons in Uberlândia-MG, with high grain yield and predictability of behavior, by the evaluated methods. The cultivar NS 6909 IPRO was classified into favorable environments by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966) and Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998). Considering Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998) and Centroid the cultivar that is also classified for this cultivation condition is UFUS 8301. By AMMI, UFUS 7415, CD 2737 RR and UFUS Milionária are considered stable and adaptable. : Nas últimas décadas, observou-se a expansão da produção agrícola de soja no Brasil. Esse avanço foi motivado pela busca de ambientes com melhores condições de cultivo, bem como o desenvolvimento de genótipos com ampla adaptação. A diversidade de “ambientes” dificulta o processo de seleção e recomendação de cultivares, pois o potencial produtivo de uma cultivar é dado em função da somatória do efeito genotípico, do ambiente e da interação entre ambos (G x A). Caso haja essa interação G x A, fazem-se necessários estudos regionalizados a fim de pormenorizar o comportamento diferencial das cultivares. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação genótipos por ambientes, adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para produtividade de grãos de 15 cultivares de soja, em quatro épocas de semeadura, de modo a identificar cultivares que aliam alto potencial produtivo, previsibilidade de comportamento e adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas de Uberlândia-MG. Os ensaios foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Capim Branco, em Uberlândia-MG. Foram avaliadas 15 cultivares de soja, em quatro épocas de semeadura (23 de outubro de 2016, 19 de novembro de 2016, 10 de dezembro de 2016 e 14 de janeiro de 2017), quanto a produtividade de grãos. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições, em cada época. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análises individuais e conjunta. A interação G x A foi decomposta pelo método proposto por Cruz e Castoldi (1991). O comportamento diferencial dos genótipos foi pormenorizado pela adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica dos métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966), Lin e Binns (1988) modificado por Carneiro (1998), AMMI e Centróide. Por meio da análise de variância conjunta observou-se a existência da interação cultivares por épocas de semeadura (C x E), para o caráter produtividade de grãos, ao nível de 5 % de probabilidade pelo teste F. Quanto a natureza C x E foi predominante complexa. A cultivar CD 2737 RR apresentou resultados satisfatórios para as quatro épocas de semeadura em Uberlândia-MG, com alta produtividade de grãos e previsibilidade de comportamento, pelos métodos avaliados. A cultivar NS 6909 IPRO foi classificada para ambientes favoráveis, pelos métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966) e Lin e Binns (1988), modificado por Carneiro (1998). Considerando Lin e Binns (1988), modificado por Carneiro (1998), e Centróide a cultivar que é classificada também para essa condição de cultivo é UFUS 8301. Pelo o AMMI, UFUS 7415, CD 2737 RR e UFUS Milionária são tidas como estáveis e de ampla adaptação.

This paper aims to present the features of the new soybean cultivar UFUS Milionária, which was developed by the Soybean Improvement Program of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) through crossing between IAC-100 and Cristalina RCH cultivars, using the Single Seed Descent (SSD) method. UFUS Milionária is resistant to many diseases caused by the fungus, bacteria, and virus. In addition, it also has been proved well-adapted to many Brazilian states, showing high yield even under water deficit conditions and Asian-rust infection; average yield was 4,451 kg ha-1 in 2015/16 growing season.

The genetic breeding of soybean aims to obtain productive genotypes, so it is necessary that the genetic components, environment and the interaction between them be understood. The G x E interaction is the differential behavior of the genotypes against environmental. The objective was to study the G x E interaction and analyze the adaptability and stability of soybean genotypes under natural rust infection without fungicide. The experiment was conducted in the Genetic Breeding Program of the Federal University of Uberlândia. Fourteen soybean genotypes were evaluated, with 10 lines developed by the UFU Program (UFUS1117: 01, 02, 03, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10 and 11) and 4 cultivars: UFUS 7415, UFUS Riqueza, TMG 801 and BRSGO 7560 in four seasons: 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16 and 2016/17, in a randomized complete block design. The G x E interaction was complex and the H2 was 85.97% indicating superiority of genetic variation in relation to the environment. The average grain yield was 2284.13kg ha-1. The genotype UFUS 1117-01 was identified by Eberhart and Russel, Wricke, AMMI 2 and Centroid as being a highly productive stability genotype. The UFUS 1117-07 showed high stability by Eberhart and Russel, Wricke, Lin and Binns modified by Carneiro methods and wide adaptability by Eberhart and Russel and Centroid. The genotype UFUS 1117-09 was identified as being adaptable to unfavorable environments by the Lin and Binns modified by Carneiro and Centroid methods, and UFUS 1117-10 presented favorable environmental adaptability by the Centroid method and high stability by Eberhart and Russel. O melhoramento genético da soja visa à obtenção de genótipos produtivos, então é necessário que os componentes genéticos, ambientais e a interação entre eles sejam compreendidos. A interação G x A é o comportamento diferencial dos genótipos frente às variações ambientais. O objetivo foi estudar a interação G x A e analisar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de soja sob infecção natural por ferrugem, sem fungicida. O experimento foi conduzido no Programa de Melhoramento Genético da UFU. Quatorze genótipos de soja foram avaliados, sendo 10 linhagens desenvolvidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Soja da UFU (UFUS 1117-01, UFUS 1117-02, UFUS 1117-03, UFUS 1117-05, UFUS 1117-06, UFUS 1117-07, UFUS 1117-08, UFUS 1117-09, UFUS 1117-10 e UFUS 1117-11) e 4 cultivares ( UFUS 7415, UFUS Riqueza, TMG 801 e BRSGO 7560), em quatro safras: 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16 e 2016/17, em delineamento de blocos casualizados. A interação G x A foi significativa e complexa e o H2 foi de 85,97% indicando superioridade da variação genética em relação a ambiental. A média de produtividade de grãosfoi 2284,13kg ha-1. O genótipo UFUS 1117-01 foi identificado pelas metodologias de Eberhart e Russel, Wricke, AMMI 2 e Centroide como sendo um genótipo de alta estabilidade produtiva. A linhagem UFUS 1117-07 apresentou alta estabilidade por Eberhart e Russel, Wricke, Lin e Bins modificado por Carneiro e ampla adaptabilidade por Eberhart e Russel e Centroide. O genótipo UFUS 1117-09 foi identificado como sendo adaptável a ambientes desfavoráveis por Lin e Bins modificado por Carneiros e Centroide, e UFUS 1117-10 apresentou adaptabilidade a ambiente favoráveis pelo método Centroide e alta estabilidade por Eberhart e Russel.

The soybean crop has a substantial importance for Brazil’s agribusiness and economy. Besides, breeding programs have contributed to the development of the crop in the country allowing grain yield increase and, at the same time, intensifying the production of new cultivars that show both yield predictability and wide adaptation. This study was aimed at evaluating the agronomic performance, adaptability, and stability of soybean genotypes in the states of Maranhao, Piaui, Tocantins, and Bahia. The genotypes were evaluated to the extent of grain yield in the municipalities of Chapadinha (MA), Balsas (MA), Bom Jesus (PI), Porto Nacional (TO), and Formoso do Rio Preto (BA) under complete randomized block design, with three repetitions. Data were submitted to joint analyses and to studies of adaptability and stability by Wricke (1965), Eberhart and Russel (1966), and Annicchiarico (1992) methods. The genotypes UFUS 504, UFU 506, UFU 508, UFU 512, UFU 514, UFU 516, UFU 518, UFU 519, UFU 520, UFU 521, UFU 523, and UFUS Imperial showed wide stability and adaptability, whereas UFU 503, UFU 505, and UFUS Impact were adapted to favorable conditions.

Knowledge of genetic diversity is of great importance to the contribution of plant breeding, as it helps plant breeders to better selecting parents for establishment of segregating populations. This knowledge is especially important to crops that presents a narrow genetic base as soybean. The objective of this work was to assess agronomic performance and genetic diversity of lines and soybean cultivars, in order to find those ones with potential to be used as parents in breeding programs. Experiment was carried out during 2015/2016 season in the Federal University of Uberlândia farm known as Capim Branco. A randomized complete block designed was applied in order to assess twenty-three morpho-agronomic features on twenty-four soybean genotypes. Significant genetic variability for all agronomic traits was found. Genotypes UFU B7, UFU B14, UFU B16, Msoy 6101 and UFUS 7910 were set as early maturity soybean, with life cycle duration ranging from 107.3 to 111 days. Genotypes UFU B1, UFU B3, UFU B8 and UFU B16 presented productivity values higher than national average of 2.870 kg ha-1. Genotypes were clustered by UPGMA, Tocher and canonical variables methods. Both UPGMA and Tocher methods formed four groups. NDF was the major contributor to genetic diversity. Hybridizations between UFU B3, UFU B8, UFU B16 genotypes with UFU B1 genotype might be promising for establishment of segregating populations shown superior genetic variability. Under these circumstances, it was concluded that agronomic features assessed were useful on detection of parents with potential to UFU's soybean breeding program. O conhecimento da diversidade genética é de grande importância para o melhoramento de plantas, pois auxiliam os melhoristas na escolha de genitores para formação de populações segregantes, especialmente na cultura da soja que é de base genética estreita. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e a diversidade genética de linhagens e cultivares de soja, com potencial de serem utilizados como genitores em programas de melhoramento genético. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área experimental localizada na Fazenda Capim Branco pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia na safra de 2015/2016. Foram avaliados 24 genótipos de soja, em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, nos quais foram avaliados 23 caracteres morfo-agronômicos. Foi verificada variabilidade genética para todos os caracteres agronômicos. Os genótipos UFU B7, UFU B14, UFU B16, Msoy 6101 e UFUS 7910 foram classificados como genótipos de ciclo precoce, com duração variando de 107,3 a 111 dias. Os genótipos UFU B1, UFU B3, UFU B8 e UFU B16 apresentaram produtividade elevadas em relação aos demais com valores superiores à média nacional, que é de 2.870 kg ha-1. Os genótipos foram agrupados pelos métodos UPGMA, Tocher e variáveis canônicas. Pelos métodos UPGMA e Tocher foram formados quatro grupos distintos. O NDF foi o caractere que mais contribuiu com a diversidade genética. Hibridações dos genótipos UFU B3, UFU B8 e UFU B16 com o genótipo UFU B1 são promissoras para obtenção de populações segregantes com variabilidade genética superior. Desse modo concluiu-se que o uso de caracteres agronômicos permitiu detectar genitores potenciais para o programa de melhoramento de soja da UFU.&nbsp

In analysis of the genetic diversity on soybean can be used agronomic, morphological and molecular traits, which are subjected to multivariate biometrical analysis. There are different multivariate methodologies available such as Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance and different hierarchical methods. However, studies that may assist in the choice of such methods are lacking. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the clustering standards of soybean genotypes using Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances, following different hierarchical methods. The experiment was conducted in "Capim Branco" farm which belongs to the Federal University of Uberlândia and were used a complete randomized block design composed of 15 soybean genotypes (nine breeding lines and six cultivars) and four replications. The agronomic traits evaluated were: number of days to flowering and to maturity, height of the plant at flowering and at maturity, height of the insertion of the first pod, number of nodes on the main stalk in flowering and at maturity, number of grains per pod, total number of pods, severity of Asian rust, number of pustules and yield. The data were submitted to multivariate analysis in GENES program. The Mahalanobis distance or the Euclidean distance obtained by agronomic traits allows the determination of soybean genetic diversity. The use of the Euclidean distance in hierarchical methods allows a greater group differentiation. The UPGMA method and the nearest neighbor method shows a greater accuracy using the Mahalanobis distance and Euclidean distance. Em estudos de diversidade genética de soja são utilizados caracteres agronômicos, morfológicos e moleculares que, por sua vez, são submetidos às análises biométricas multivariadas. Encontram-se disponíveis diferentes metodologias multivariadas, tais como as a distância Euclidiana, a distância de Mahalanobis e diferentes métodos hierárquicos. No entanto, são escassos os estudos que orientam para uma melhor escolha de tais análises em pesquisas com soja. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o padrão de agrupamento de genótipos de soja utilizando distância Euclidiana e Mahalanobis, seguindo diferentes métodos hierárquicos. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Capim Branco, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Os tratamentos consistiram de 15 genótipos de soja (nove linhagens e seis cultivares) avaliados em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se os caracteres número de dias para o florescimento e maturidade, altura da planta no florescimento e na maturidade, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número de nós na haste principal no florescimento e na maturidade, número de vagens com um, dois e três grãos, número total de vagens, produtividade de grãos, severidade da ferrugem asiática e número de pústulas. Os dados foram submetidos a análises multivariadas utilizando o Programa Genes. Tanto a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis como a distância Euclidiana, obtidas com caracteres agronômicos, permitem determinar a diversidade genética em soja. O uso da distância Euclidiana em métodos hierárquicos permite maior diferenciação de grupos. O método UPGMA e o métodos do vizinho mais próximo apresentam maior concordância no agrupamento de genótipos utilizando a distância de Mahalanobis e a distância Euclidiana.&nbsp

In the present study, the contribution of individuals to species variability and the contribution of each species in relation to the studied group were quantified, using nested analysis. Genetic parameters were also determined and PCA analysis was performed. Diaspores of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Cedrela fissilis, Ceiba speciosa, Lithraea molleoides, and Myracrodruon urundeuva that were collected in a fragmented area of the Cerrado Biome, one important Earth hotspot according to the Conservation International, were studied. More than 60 % of the total variability in the germination process and seedling emergence were attributed to the species and the high heritability values, above 0.80, registered for most of the characteristics evaluated, indicated that the largest proportion of the total variability is of genetic nature. The highest genetic variability was registered among L. molleoides and C. fissilis individuals. The asynchrony of the germination and emergence processes that groups the individuals of L. molleoides serves to distinguish this species from the others, confirming the high relative contribution of this species to the total variability detected in the nested analysis. The magnitude of genetic variability in the studied species in relation to the germination and emergence processes highlights the background variation inherent to these species that should be considered in conservation projects. Besides, the heritability and coefficient of genetic variation values, associated with the nested analysis open a new way to evaluate the genetic potential of the plants in relatively young phases, based on germination and emergence characteristics, within conventional experiments in seed studies.

Soybean (Glycine max L.)-breeding programs aim to develop cultivars with high grain yields and high tolerance to Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). Considering that the traits targeted for breeding are mainly quantitative in nature, knowledge of associations between traits allows the breeder to formulate indirect selection strategies. In this study, we investigated phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental correlations between the agronomic traits of soybean plants naturally infected with P. pachyrhizi, and identified agronomic traits that would be useful in indirectly selecting soybean genotypes for high yields. The study was conducted on the Capim Branco Farm, Uberlândia, Brazil, with 15 soybean genotypes, which were cultivated in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Fourteen phenotypic traits were evaluated using the GENES software. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations were positive and of a high magnitude between the total number of pods and the number of pods with two or three grains, indicating that the total number of pods is a useful trait for the indirect selection of soybean genotypes for high grain yields. Strong environmental correlations were found between plant height at blooming and maturity and grain yield and yield components.

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) adaptation to new environments has been hard to predict based on maturity group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 14 soybean genotypes, from the Soybean Breeding Program of the Federal University of Uberlandia, in their adaptive capacity and seed yield stability at 3 locations and 2 growing seasons. For the adaptability and stability analysis the Toler and Centroid methods were used; 5 genotypic groups were identified in the first whereas 4 groups were identified in the latter. By the Toler method group A was composed by 4 genotypes, UFU-001, UFU-003, UFU-0010, and UFU-001. They showed a convex pattern of adaptability and stability. In contrast, the genotypes UFU-008 and UFU-0013 were classified in Group E with a concave pattern of adaptability and stability. Regarding results from the Centroid method, the Genotype UFU-002, with higher seed yield than average, was the only genotype in Ideotype VI with moderate adaptability to favorable environments. In contrast, 10 genotypes were included in the Ideotype V, of medium general adaptability. The genotypes UFU-001, UFU-002, UFU-006, UFU-0010, and UFU-0011 were recommended for use in the Brazilian Cerrado growing region. These genotypes had high seed yield potential in high quality environments.

The tomato is the second most produced vegetable in the world, with significant participation in the human diet. In addition, the production of tomatoes generates jobs and family income. The availability of improved cultivars that provide greater profitability to the producer and satisfactorily meets the needs of the fresh fruit market and the processing industry becomes imperative due to its importance. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize and select industrial tomato lines in regard to fruit yield, number of leaf branches, and number of flower racemes (NFR). The experiment was conducted in 2014 in the experimental area of the Federal University of Goias (Universidade Federal de Goias). The design was a randomized block design with four replicates and 25 genotypes. The number of leaf branches (NB), NFR, and fruit productivity were evaluated. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test. A difference was observed (P ≤ 0.01) for all traits analyzed. The NB and NFR were related, where more branches promoted an increase in NFR and thus the productivity increases. In addition, a greater number of fruits implied in smaller fruit size, and consequently lower fruit mass. The lowest number of fruit per plant caused increased fruit size and mass. The lines CVR 1, CVR 3, CVR 4, CVR 5, CVR 21, and CVR 22 were suitable for genetic enhancement of tomato and provided the greatest productivity.

Defining selection criteria is important to obtain promising genotypes in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic traits and to perform soybean line selection using selection indices. The experiment was conducted at an experimental area located at Capim Branco farm, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia. A total of 37 soybean genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replicates, in which twelve agronomic traits were evaluated. Analysis of variance, the Scott-Knott test at the 1 and 5% level of probability, and selection index analyses were performed. There was genetic variability for all agronomic traits, with medium to high levels of genotype determination coefficient. Twelve lines with a total cycle up to 110 days were observed and grouped with the cultivars MSOY 6101 and UFUS 7910. Three lines, UFUS FG 03, UFUS FG 20, and UFUS FG 31, were highlighted regarding grain yield with higher values than the national average of 3072 kg/ha. The direct selection enabled the highest trait individual gains. The Williams (1962) index and the Smith (1936) and Hazel (1943) index presented the highest selection gain for the grain yield character. The genotype-ideotype distance index and the index of the sum of ranks of Mulamba and Mock (1978) presented higher values of total selection gain. The lines UFUS FG 12, UFUS FG 14, UFUS FG 18, UFUS FG 25, and UFUS FG 31 were distinguished as superior genotypes by direct selection methods and selection indexes.

The goals of this research were to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic correlations between agronomic traits, to perform path analysis, having as main character grain yield, and to identify indirect selection criteria for grain yield. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area located at Capim Branco farm, which belongs to Federal University of Uberlândia, during the growing season of 2015/2016.Twenty-four soybean genotypes were evaluated under randomized complete block design with three repetitions, of which agronomic traits and grain yield were measured. There was genetic variability for all traits at 5% probability level through the F-test. Thirty significant phenotypic correlations were also observed with values oscillating from 0.42 to 0.87, which indicated a high level of association between some evaluated traits. Additionally, we verified that phenotypic and genotypic correlations were essential of the same direction, being the genotypic ones of superior magnitudes. Plants with superior vegetative cycle had longer life cycles; this fact could be explained by the significant phenotypic correlations between the number of days to the blooming and number of days to maturity (0.76). Significantly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations for the total number of pods per plant and grain yield per plant (0.84) were observed. Through the path analysis, the trait that contributed the most over grain yield was the number of pods with three seeds as it showed the highest direct effect on grain yield per plant, as well as a strong indirect effect on the total number of pods. Therefore, the phenotypic and genotypic correlations suggested high correlations between grain yield and number of branched nodes, the number of pods with two and three seeds, and the total number of pods. Also, the path analysis determined the number of pods with three seeds as having the highest favorable effect on grain yield, and thus, being useful for indirect selection toward productive soybean genotypes.

In order to obtain the certificate of cultivar protection, it is necessary to prove its distinctiveness, homogeneity, and stability. Currently, there are 37 descriptors for differentiating soybeans cultivars. However, they are still not enough and, as a result, it is necessary to create, identify, and evaluate new descriptors. This study was aimed at evaluating the genotypic and environment interaction (GxE) and determining the stability of eight soybean cultivars for five vegetative-stage descriptors. The research was done in a greenhouse of the Soybean Breeding and Genetic Studies Program of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. The treatments were composed of eight soybean cultivars, sown in two different growing seasons (January 25, 2014 and November 27, 2014). The experiments were carried out in randomized complete blocks with three replications and each experimental plot consisted of one pot with four soybean plants. The characters evaluated were: length of hypocotyl (LH), length of epicotyl (LE), length of unifoliolate leaf petiole (LUP), length of first trifoliate leaf petiole (LTLP), and rachis length of terminal leaflet of the first trifoliate leaf (RL). The data achieved from the trials were undergone genetic-statistical analyses by the GENES software. For all analyzed characters, the existence of genetic variability was observed emphasizing the vegetative-stage descriptors' utility to differentiate soybean cultivars. The occurrence of GxE interaction was detected for all characters assessed, mainly of complex nature, except by RL, which was of simple nature. The most stable cultivars for the vegetative-stage descriptors analysed were UFUS 7415 and UFUS Impacta.

The genetic diversity study has paramount importance in breeding programs; hence, it allows selection and choice of the parental genetic divergence, which have the agronomic traits desired by the breeder. This study aimed to characterize the genetic divergence between 24 soybean genotypes through their agronomic traits, using multivariate clustering methods to select the potential genitors for the promising hybrid combinations. Six agronomic traits evaluated were number of days to flowering and maturity, plant height at flowering and maturity, insertion height of the first pod, and yield. The genetic divergence evaluated by multivariate analysis that esteemed first the Mahalanobis’ generalized distance (D2), then the clustering using Tocher’s optimization methods, and then the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Tocher’s optimization method and the UPGMA agreed with the groups’ constitution between each other, the formation of eight distinct groups according Tocher’s method and seven distinct groups using UPGMA. The trait number of days for flowering (45.66%) was the most efficient to explain dissimilarity between genotypes, and must be one of the main traits considered by the breeder in the moment of genitors choice in soybean-breeding programs. The genetic variability allowed the identification of dissimilar genotypes and with superior performances. The hybridizations UFU 18 x UFUS CARAJAS, UFU 15 x UFU 13, and UFU 13 x UFUS CARAJAS are promising to obtain superior segregating populations, which enable the development of more productive genotypes.

Precocious soybean cultivars enable crop rotation and low pressure to the biotic and abiotic factors. This study aimed to determinate the inheritance of characters related to precocity and agronomic characters in soybean segregating population, coming from contrasting genitors to cycle. The experiment was conducted at a greenhouse located at Capim Branco farm, belonging to Federal University of Uberlândia. The MG/BR 46 Conquista and UFUS 6901 cultivars were used to bi-parental crossing and acquirement of F1 and F2 populations. The individuals of the genitors, F1 and F2 populations were evaluated to eight characters and the phenotypic, genetic and environmental variances, broad-sense heritability, average degree of dominance and gene number were determined. The average for number of days for flowering and number of days to maturity in the F1 generation was 40.26 and 103.52 days and in the F2 generation was 37.85 and 105.88 days, respectively, which fits into the classification of semi-precocious. The heritability varied from 2.36% for number of grains per pod – controlled by 160 genes, to 85.39% for number of days for maturing – controlled by two genes. On the F2 population, the existence of transgressed segregates was found, except for number of days to maturity, number of nodes and intersection height of the first pod. It was concluded that the genetic variance and heritability of the agronomic characters of the F2 population, allows the acquirement of selection of superior individuals in terms of precocity, height, number of nodes and compounds of productivity, being promising genotypes in the soybean breeding program

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the third most valuable vegetable crop worldwide and the third most produced in Brazil. The knowledge of the nature and the value of the relationship between the traits of interest is very important, since it is possible to select a main trait, with low heritability or difficult measurement, obtaining higher genetic gain faster than with direct selection. The aim of this work was to estimate the genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations between the characteristics of the plant, the bulb and seed production in onion segregating populations obtained from different breeding methods. Most of the estimations of the genetic correlations (rg) were higher than the phenotypic (rp) and the environmental (re) ones. The genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlation coefficients for plant and bulb characteristics were low, except for plant vigour and its components (plant height, neck diameter and plant architecture). The phenotypic and genotypic correlations revealed an association between the traits related to the plant vigour in onion, nevertheless, it was not reflected in the bulb and seed production, in the two years evaluated. The traits “Seed setting” and “Resistance in Alternaria” can be useful in the indirect selection for “Seed mass per umbel

This study aimed to evaluate the clustering pattern consistency of soybean (Glycine max) lines, using seven different clustering methods. Our aim was to evaluate the best method for the identification of promising genotypes to obtain segregating populations. We used 51 generations F5 and F6 soybean lines originating from different hybridizations and backcrosses obtained from the soybean breeding program of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia in addition to three controls (Emgopa 302, BRSGO Luziânia, and MG/BR46 Conquista). We evaluated the following agronomic traits: number of days to flowering, number of days to maturity, height of the plant at maturity, insertion height of the first pod, grain yield, and weight of 100 seeds. The data was submitted to analyses of variance followed by average Euclidean distance matrix estimation used as measure of dissimilarity. Subsequently, clusters were formed using the Tocher method and dendrograms were constructed using the hierarchical methods simple connection (nearest neighbor), complete connection (most distant neighbor), Ward, median, average within cluster connection. The nearest neighbor method presented the largest number of genotypes in group I and showed the greatest similarity with the Tocher optimization method. The joint use of these two methodologies allows for differentiation of the most genetically distant genotypes that may constitute the optimal parents in a breeding program.

Empirical and prolonged antimicrobial treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli is associated with the emergence of bacterial resistance, and not all countries have strict policies against the indiscriminate use of drugs in order to prevent resistance. This cross-sectional and retrospective study (2010–2015) aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and resistance of patient-derived E. coli to different drugs broadly used to treat urinary infections in Brazil: ampicillin + sulbactam, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. We obtained 1654 E. coli samples from ambulatory patients with disease symptoms of the urinary tract from a Brazilian public hospital. While all antibiotics were effective in killing E. coli to a large degree, nitrofurantoin was the most effective, with fewer samples exhibiting antibiotic resistance. We assessed the costs of generic and brand name versions of each antibiotic. Nitrofurantoin, the most effective antibiotic, was the cheapest, followed by the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), ampicillin + sulbactam and, lastly, cephalothin. Finally, assessment of antibiotic resistance to fluoroquinolones over the study period and extrapolation of the data led to the conclusion that these antibiotics could no longer be effective against E. coli-based urinary infections in approximately 20 years if their indiscriminate use in empirical treatment continues.

The use of different evaluation methods of adaptability and stability in a breeding program is essential to obtain more accurate results of the lines that have been studied. The purpose of this research is to study the adaptability and stability of 25 soybean lines derived from the soybean breeding program, and for that, it was used parametric and non-parametric analysis at the Federal University of Uberlandia. The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design with three replications in three sowing periods (November 2006, November 2007 and November 2008) and conducted in Campo Alegre de Goias, Brazil. Thirty soybean genotypes were evaluated, including 25 late-cycle lines and five cultivars (BRS/MG Garantia, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Xavante UFUS Milionaria and M-Soy 8914) as controls). Grain productivity was determined for each block. The average yield was 3104.201 kg ha -1 . Adaptability and stability were determined using Eberhart and Russel (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998) and Centroide (ROCHA, 2005) methods. The UFUS 6 and UFUS 21 lines and the UFUS Impacta and UFUS Xavante cultivars stood out because they had the highest average grain yield, highest adaptability and stability regardless of evaluation method.

Advances in genetic enhancement techniques have led to an increase in soybean production. Thus, soybean is currently one the most economically important cultured species worldwide. The objectives of the present study were to study the interaction of soybean genotypes per environment in terms of grain productivity and to evaluate their phenotypic adaptability and stability, with the final aim of selecting lineages with high productivity, wide adaptability, and high stability. Seven soybean genotypes, consisting of five lineages developed by the soybean genetic enhancement program of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (Brazil) and two controls, were evaluated during several annual cycles in seven different environments. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was adopted in each site. This study followed the methodology proposed by Eberhart and Russel and Lin and Binns, with modifications by Carneiro, and the AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model) analysis. The average productivity of soybean cultivars in the trials was 2739.26 kg/ha. The L01V13 genotype and the UFUS Guarani cultivar had wide adaptation according to the methodology proposed by Eberhart and Russel and Lin and Binns, with modifications by Carneiro. When analyzed with the AMMI model, the UFUS Guarani cultivar showed high stability. In general, the methodologies studied are complementary and, when used together, increase the reliability of the classification, providing support for the use of specific soybean cultivars in different environments.

Breeding programs strive to obtain cultivars with superior traits. The association between these characters, such as those estimated by correlation coeficients, are important to the breeding selection process. In this study we analyzed phenotypic and genotypic correlations between yield and other agronomic traits in soybean progenies derived from various crosses to support breeding line selection in the the soybean breading program of the Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU). The experiment was carried out in the 2011/2012 growing season at the Capim Branco research station in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Seventy-one soybean lines were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. In these plots plants were evaluated for the number of pods, grain yield per plant, number of days for flowering, plant height at flowering, number of days for maturity, plant height at maturity, height of the first pod insertion, number of grains per pod and grain yield per plant. The estimates for genotypic correlations were equal or greater than those for the phenotypic correlations for all the evaluated traits. This suggests a small effect of environmental factors on the trait expression. An exception of this behavior was the correlation between plant height at flowering and plant height at maturity. In this case, although the signs for the genotypic and phenotypic correlations were the same, the value for the last was greater than that for the former.. The late flowering and late-maturing plants were taller. Also, selecting plants for higher number of pods ultimately contributed for the selection of plants with higher grain yield. The selection of late-flowering and late-maturing plants have yielded taller plantsin the same way that the selection for a higher pod number could promote the selection and improvement of grains yield trait.

Sowing density is widely studied in the soybean crop in order to define the best plant population for each cultivar available on the market. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic traits of three soybean geno­types (UFUS LVR, UFUS 7910, and UFUS 8301) in four population densities (12; 14; 16; 18 pl m -1 ), in Uberlândia-MG. The design was a randomized complete block with four replicates, with sowing performed on February 12, 2016. The following were evaluated: plant height at flowering (PHF) and maturity (PHM); number of branched nodes (NBN); lateral branch inclination (LBI); first pod insertion height (FPIH); number of pods per plant (NPP); number of seeds per pod (NSP); hundred-grain weight (HGW); and grain yield (kg ha -1 ). There were sig­nificant interactions between genotypes and densities for all characters, except for LBI and NSP. When increasing the sowing density from 14 to 18 pl m -1 , cultivar UFUS 7910 showed a reduction in plant height at maturity, and strain UFUS LRV had the first pod insertion height increased. The hundred-grain weight was not altered for culti­vars UFUS LRV and UFUS 7910 when increasing the density from 12 to 18 pl m -1 . For the three genotypes, there was a reduction in grain yield when sown in a higher sowing density (density of 18 pl m -1 ). The densities of 16 pl m -1 and 12 pl m -1 provided better grain yields for genotypes UFUS LVR and UFU 7910, respectively. The densi­ties of 12 pl m -1 and 14 pl m -1 allowed a greater number of pods and higher yield for cultivar UFUS 8301.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar genótipos de soja com adaptabilidade e estabilidade de comportamento para resistência ao oídio em condições de campo. O trabalho foi realizado no Campo Experimental Professor Diogo Alves de Mello, do Departamento de Fitotecnia, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, disposto em parcelas subdivididas, com 15 genótipos (parcelas) e sete épocas de avaliação (subparcela). A avaliação da incidência e severidade do oídio nos genótipos foi realizada por meio da quantificação visual do nível de infecção (NI) provocado pelo oídio, sendo avaliados o nível de infecção da área foliar infectada pelo oídio (NIAFI) e o nível de infecção do folíolo mais infectado pelo oídio (NIFI). Foram realizadas a análise de variância e análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade conforme EBERHART & RUSSELL (1966). Os resultados permitiram tirar as seguintes conclusões: os genótipos que apresentaram os melhores níveis de resistência, em geral, também foram os de melhor adaptabilidade e estabilidade, tanto para NIAFI quanto para NIFI, com destaque para: UFV 89-361826 T2, UFV 94-334268, UFV-16 e UFV-19, FT-10 RC5 (F3), FT-Abyara RC6 (F2), Doko RC, FT-Abyara RC5 (F4), enquanto que os mais suscetíveis foram os de pior previsibilidade (estabilidade) de comportamento, com destaque para UFV 94-5126, FT-104, UFV 94-3500, FT-Cristalina, FT-Estrela e BR-16. The objective of this research was to identify soybean genotypes with good adaptability and stability of behavior for resistance to powdery mildew in field conditions. The work was carried out at the Professor Diogo Alves de Mello Experimental Station, Agronomy Department of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in split-plots, with 15 genotypes (plots) and seven evaluation times (subplots), with four repetitions. Evaluation of incidence and severity of powdery mildew in the genotypes were accomplished by visual quantification of fungus infection level (IL), assessing the level of infection of the leaf area infected (NIAFI) by the powdery mildew and the level of infection of the most infected leaflet (NIFI). Data were examined by analysis of variance and analysis of adaptability and stability according to EBERHART & RUSSELL (1966). The results allowed to get to the following conclusions: the genotypes that showed the highest resistance levels, were, in general, also the ones of higher adaptability and stability, both for NIAFI and NIFI, standing out UFV 89-361826 T2, UFV 94-334268, UFV-16 and UFV-19, FT-10 RC5 (F3), FT-Abyara RC6 (F2), Doko RC, FT-Abyara RC5 (F4), whereas the most susceptible genotypes were the ones of worse predictability, standing out UFV 94-5126, FT-104, UFV 94-3500, FT-Cristalina, FT-Estrela and BR-16.

In the final phases of new soybean cultivar development, lines are cultivated in several locations across multiple seasons with the intention of identifying and selecting superior genotypes for quantitative traits. In this context, this study aimed to study the genotype-by- environment interaction for the trait grain yield (kg/ha), and to evaluate the adaptability and stability of early-cycle soybean genotypes using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, genotype main effects and genotype x environment interaction (GGE) biplot, and factor analysis methods. Additionally, the efficiency of these methods was compared. The experiments were carried out in five cities in the State of Mato Grosso: Alto Taquari, Lucas do Rio Verde, Sinop, Querência, and Rondonópolis, in the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons. Twenty-seven early-cycle soybean genotypes were evaluated, consisting of 22 lines developed by Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) soybean breeding program, and five controls: UFUS Carajás, MSOY 6101, MSOY 7211, UFUS Guarani, and Riqueza. Significant and complex genotype-by-environment interactions were observed. The AMMI model presented greater efficiency by retaining most of the variation in the first two main components (61.46%), followed by the GGE biplot model (57.90%), and factor analysis (54.12%). Environmental clustering among the methodologies was similar, and was composed of one environmental group from one location but from different seasons. Genotype G5 presented an elevated grain yield, and high adaptability and stability as determined by the AMMI, factor analysis, and GGE biplot methodologies.

This work aims to study the genetic variability of 22 biparental crosses of soybean through multivariate techniques. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, consisting of 110 genotypes from 22 biparental crosses and cultivars UFUS Riqueza, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Xavante UFUS Millionaria and MSoy 8211 which were used as control. The characters evaluated were number of days until flowering and until maturity, plant height at flowering and at maturity, number of pods with one, two or three seeds, total number of pods, weight of plant and first pod yield. The population evaluated showed genetic variability for most traits. Plant height at maturity, pods with one seed and grain yield were the traits that contributed the most to genetic diversity among the soybean crosses studied. The three clustering methods used in this study were effective in representing the genetic distance in soybean. Hybridizations between lines derived from crosses CR13 and CR14 with cultivar UFUS Impact or hybridizations between lines derived from crosses CR5 and CR10 with lines derived from crosses CR21 and CR12 show promise for obtaining segregating soybean populations.

The oil and protein contents of soybean grains are important quantitative traits for use in breeding. However, few breeding programs perform selection based on these traits in different environments. This study assessed the adaptability and stability of 14 elite early soybean breeding lines in off-season cultivation with respect to yield, and oil and protein contents. A range of statistical methods was applied and these analyses indicated that for off-season cultivation, the lines UFUS 5 and UFUS 10 could be recommended due to their superior performance in grain yield, oil content, and specific adaptability to unfavorable environments along with high stability in these characteristics. Also recommended were UFUS 06, which demonstrated superior performance in all three tested characteristics and showed adaptation to favorable environments, and UFUS 13, which showed high adaptability and stability and a superior performance for protein content.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:29:06Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:48:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84879592016.pdf: 519107 bytes, checksum: 633aae21c1722df06476ef94f7f96c9a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-01 Na cultura da soja, o déficit hídrico é um dos fatores limitantes à obtenção da máxima produtividade. A identificação de genótipos com capacidade de tolerância à seca é fundamental para a solução desse problema. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, analisar a qualidade fisiológica e as respostas bioquímicas de cultivares de soja (MG/BR 46 Conquista, UFUS Carajás, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Riqueza e UFUS Xavante) submetidas ao estresse hídrico com soluções de PEG 6000 em diferentes níveis de potencial osmótico (0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3 e -0,4 MPa). Avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das cultivares por meio dos testes de comprimento de plântulas e biomassa fresca e seca de plântulas. As respostas bioquímicas foram avaliadas pela detecção do ácido indol-acético, pelo conteúdo de sacarose e pelo transporte de água nas plântulas. A cultivar UFUS Riqueza apresentou os melhores desempenhos nos testes de qualidade fisiológica, conteúdo de sacarose, absorção e velocidade de absorção de água em plântulas. A cultivar UFUS Xavante mostrou a maior concentração de AIA e o maior massa de plântulas no teste de transporte de água. In soybean culture water deficit is one of the most limiting factors to the maximum yield obtained. Genotypes identification with drought tolerance capacity is fundamental to solve this problem. The objective in this paper was analyze the physiological quality and physiological and biochemical responses of soybeans cultivars (MG/BR 46 Conquista, UFUS Carajás, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Riqueza and UFUS Xavante) submitted to water stress with PEG 6000 solutions in different levels of osmotic potentials (0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3 and -0,4 MPa). Physiological quality of cultivars were evaluated by seedling length test and fresh and dry biomass. The biochemical responses were evaluated by detection of indol-acetic acid (IAA), by saccharose content and seedling water transportation. UFUS Riqueza presented the best performance in physiological quality tests, saccharose content, absorption and water absorption velocity in seedling. UFUS Xavante showed the highest IAA's concentration and the greater weight of seedling in water transportation test. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquista Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquista Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP

Avaliou-se a resistência de dez genótipos de soja (Glycine max) ao herbicida glyphosate. Foi adotado o esquema fatorial 10 x 4, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O fator A foi composto por dez genótipos de soja, e o B, por quatro doses de glyphosate. A aplicação do herbicida foi realizada no momento em que as plantas de soja apresentavam a segunda folha trifoliolada completamente desenvolvida. Avaliaramse os caracteres: intoxicação das plantas, número de nós da haste principal, altura das plantas e massa seca das plantas. Na avaliação da intoxicação de plantas, tanto aos quatro dias após a aplicação (DAA) do herbicida quanto aos 28 DAA, os genótipos convencionais apresentaram médias superiores estatisticamente em comparação com genótipos resistentes ao glyphosate (RR). Verificou-se que, nas avaliações realizadas ao 0 DAA ou aos 28 DAA sob 0,0 g e.a. ha 1, as respostas dos genótipos foram diferentes em todos os caracteres avaliados, com exceção do número de nós aos 28 DAA. Essas diferenças podem ser atribuídas aos efeitos fisiológicos e ambientais ou a características do próprio material. Nas demais doses, os genótipos RR comportaram-se de maneira desejável em detrimento dos genótipos convencionais. Ao considerar todos os caracteres avaliados, pode-se afirmar que Valiosa RR, BCR945G110, BCR945G114, BCR892G132, BCR892G140, BCR1067G210, BCR1070G244 e M-SOY 8008RR comportaram-se de forma semelhante quanto à resistência ao glyphosate quando submetidos até a dose de 2.160 g e.a. ha-1 . Resistance of ten soybean genotypes (Glycine max) to the herbicide glyphosate was evaluated. The randomized block experimental design was used under factorial scheme 10 x 4 and four replicates. Factor A was composed of 10 soybean genotypes and factor B of four glyphosate doses. The herbicide was applied when the second trifoliate leaf of the soybean plants was completely developed. The following characters were evaluated: plant intoxication, number of nodes at the main stem, plant height and dry mass. When evaluating plant intoxication either at four days after application (DAA) of the herbicide and at 28 DAA, the conventional genotypes showed statistically higher averages, compared to the glyphosate-resistant genotypes (RR). In evaluations accomplished at 0 DAA or at 28 DAA under 0.0 g e.a. ha-1, the genotype responses were different for all characters under evaluation, except for the number of nodes at 28 DAA. These differences were attributed to the physiological and environmental effects or to the characteristics of the material itself. At other doses, the behavior of the RR genotypes was superior to that of the conventional ones. Taking into account all characters under evaluation, it can be stated that Valiosa RR, BCR945G110, BCR945G114, BCR892G132, BCR892G140, BCR1067G210, BCR1070G244 and M-SOY 8008RR behaved similarly for glyphosate resistance when subjected to doses up to 2.160 g e.a. ha-1 .

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento de genótipos de soja em relação ao oídio, por meio de estudos de adaptabilidade e de estabilidade, em casa de vegetação, durante cinco épocas de avaliação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, disposto em parcelas subdivididas, com 15 tratamentos e três tipos de controle (parcial, total e sem controle) representando as parcelas e cinco épocas de avaliação (subparcela). Os resultados demonstraram que a interação genótipo ï‚´ época altera o comportamento dos genótipos frente às variações ambientais, justificando a avaliação do comportamento dos mesmos em relação às variações de época e em relação a cada controle, por meio do estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Neste contexto, há tendência de serem os genótipos mais resistentes, os de melhor desempenho genotípico, e consequentemente, com melhor previsibilidade de comportamento, com destaque para 'UFV-16', 'UFV-19', 'UFV89-361826 T2', 'FT-Abyara RC6 (F2)', 'UFV95-4121333', 'UFV94-334268', 'UFV94-5126' e 'FT-Abyara RC6 (F2)'. O uso de fungicida pode influenciar no desempenho dos genótipos em relação ao oídio. Foi verificado que NIFIFI (Nível de Infecção da Face Inferior do Folíolo Mais Infectado pelo Oídio) discriminou maior número de genótipos suscetíveis.

Background The success of a breeding program depends on the existence of genetic variability [1]. Therefore, breeders have recommended to the formation of the population-based study, the interbreeding between superior cultivars and divergent, resulting in hybrid combinations of higher heterotic effect, so that in segregating generations it has a greater chance of obtaining transgressive genotypes [2]. Microsatellite markers or Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) have been widely used to estimate genetic diversity in soybean due to their high degree of polymorphism, codominant inheritance, PCR-based detection, allelic diversity and the knowledge of the location of the marker in the genome the species [3]. In this report we present results of agronomic traits and microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of 35 soybean genotypes to determine their potential as parents for breeding programs.

Evaluation of the genetic potential of parent plants is fundamental for obtaining superior populations with desirable agronomic characters. The aim of this work was to obtain estimates of the general and specific combining abilities of five soybean parents to identify the most promising parents and hybrid combinations for the development of superior genotypes for grain yield. In this study, two groups of soybean cultivars were selected: group I resistance (UFUS 7910 and BR/MG 46 Conquista) and group II (TMG 4182, TMG 4185 and BRSGO Chapadões). The parents were crossedin a 2 x 3 partial diallel scheme, and the experiment was analyzed according to Griffing’s (1956) parent and F1 model and adapted by Geraldi and Miranda Filho (1988). Six hybrid combinations and respective parents were arranged in randomized complete blocks with four repetitions. The following characters were evaluated: number of days for flowering and maturity, height of the plant in flowering and at maturity, number of nodes in flowering and at maturity, number of total pods and grain yield per plant. The BR/MG 46 Conquista, UFUS 7910 and BRSGO Chapadões parents contributed to obtaining productive segregant populations due to additivity for the total number of pods and grain yield per plant. The hybrid combinations BRSGO Chapadões x BR/MG 46 Conquista, BRSGO Chapadões x UFUS 7910 and TMG4182 x BR/MG 46 Conquista are promising for obtaining populations with high productive potential. RESUMO A avaliação do potencial genético dos parentais é fundamental para obter populações superiores para os principais caracteres agronômicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi obter estimativas das capacidades geral e específica de combinação de cinco genitores de soja, por meio do dialelo parcial, a fim de identificar os parentais e as combinações híbridas mais promissoras para produtividade de grãos. Neste estudo, dois grupos de cultivares foram selecionados: grupo I (UFUS 7910 e BR/MG 46 Conquista) e grupo II (TMG 4182, TMG 4185 e BRSGO Chapadões). Os parentais foram cruzados em esquema de dialelo parcial 2 x 3 e o experimento foi analisado de acordo com o modelo Pais e F1 de Griffing (1956) e adaptado por Geraldi e Miranda Filho (1988). Seis combinações híbridas e os respectivos parentais foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: número de dias para florescimento e para maturidade, altura da planta no florescimento e na maturidade, número de nós no florescimento e na maturidade, número de vagens totais e produção de grãos por planta. Os parentais BR/MG 46 Conquista, UFUS 7910 e BRSGO Chapadões contribuem para a obtenção de populações segregantes produtivas, devido a aditividade para número de vagens totais e produção de grãos por planta. As combinações híbridas BRSGO Chapadões x BR/MG 46 Conquista, BRSGO Chapadões x UFUS 7910 e TMG 4182 x BR/MG 46 Conquista são promissoras para a obtenção de populações com alto potencial produtivo.

In Brazil, as the soybean crop expands the losses caused by nematodes as well as its incidence in producing areas have increased. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a non-genetically modified soybean which combines desirable traits as the root-knot nematode resistance, early-maturity, high seed yielding, and high oil and protein contents. Consequently, seeds (F2) derived from the double-crossing between (Guarani x Sambaiba) x (M Soy 6101 x Conquista) were bulked to grow the F3 generation. Following generations were advanced by the SSD method of breeding until F6. Thus, plants showing superior characteristics were planted separately to perform progeny tests and then advanced breeding lines were thoroughly tested and compared to standards in representative environments across several locations in the Midwestern region in Brazil. As a result, we developed an early-soybean with cycle-length of 107 days; usually cycles range from 90 to 160 days. It presents desirable traits as high yield (3677 kg ha-1), Brazilian national average ranged between 2.5 and 3 thousand kg ha-1; broad adaptability, with 19% of oil, and 38.4% of protein on the seeds. Oil and protein standard contents are 20% and 40%, respectively. In addition, it is root-knot nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) resistance, not differing statistically (RF = 1.70) from the expected value given by Crotalaria spectabilis (RF = 1.14). Accordingly, we recommend this new cultivar to producers that intend to grow a second crop of either corn or cotton in the summer, or for crop producing areas with high incidence of P. brachyurus. RESUMO No Brasil, as perdas causadas pelos nematoides aumentaram nas áreas produtoras à medida que a cultura da soja se expande. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma nova cultivar de soja não geneticamente modificada que combinasse características como resistência a nematoides, maturação precoce, alta produtividade de grãos e altos teores de óleo e proteína. Assim, sementes (F2) derivado do duplo cruzamento entre (Guarani x Sambaiba) x (M Soy 6101 x Conquista) foram utilizadas para a formação da geração F3. As gerações seguintes foram avançadas pelo método SSD até F6, onde plantas mostrando características superiores foram separadamente cultivadas para testes de progênie. Em seguida, as linhas de reprodução avançadas foram exaustivamente testadas e comparadas a cultivares padrões em vários locais da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Como resultado, desenvolvemos uma soja precoce com ciclo anual de 107 dias; geralmente, os ciclos variam de 90 a 160 dias. Essa nova cultivar apresenta características desejáveis como alta produtividade (3677 kg ha-1), onde a média nacional brasileira varia entre 2,5 e 3 mil kg ha-1. Também apresenta, ampla adaptabilidade e 19% de óleo e 38,4% de proteína nas sementes. Teores padrão de óleo e proteína são 20% e 40%, respectivamente. Além disso, montra resistência ao nematoide-de-galhas (Pratylenchus brachyurus), não diferindo estatisticamente (FR = 1,70) do valor esperado dado pela Crotalaria (RF = 1,14). Assim, recomendamos esta nova cultivar para produtores que pretendam cultivar uma segunda safra de milho ou algodão no verão, ou para áreas produtoras de culturas com alta incidência de P. brachyurus.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Os grãos de sorgo são utilizados na alimentação animal, devido ao menor custo de produção da cultura e por apre-sentarem teores satisfatórios de proteína e amido para nutrição dos monogástricos. As linhagens mantenedoras possibilitam a multiplicação de sementes, tornando possível a obtenção de híbridos. Assim, oobjetivo deste estudo foi avaliar altura de plantas na maturação fisiológica, adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para o caráter produti-vidade de grãos de trinta linhagens de sorgo granífero LB, em Uberaba - MG, Patos de Minas - MG e Votuporanga - SP. O delineamento experimental foi de látice, com duas repetições, nos três ambientes, no ano agrícola 2016/2017. Na análise conjunta, houve existência da interação genótipos por ambientes. Os métodos utilizados para pormenorizar o comportamento diferencial dos genótipos, frente às variações do ambiente, foram de Eberhart e Russel (1966) e de Lin e Binns (1988) adaptado por Carneiro (1998). Observou-se que as linhagens apresentaram altura de plantas entre 1,18 e 1,61 m, valores próximos ao recomendado para realização da colheita mecanizada.Aslinhagens 599XB P50-3, 599XB P53-2, 599XB P67-2, 599XB P94-1, 599XB P73-1, 599XB P19-1 apresentaram estabilidade e ampla adaptação, merecendo destaque 599XB P53-2, por apresentar alta produtividade de grãos (2366,12 kg ha-1), pelo método de Eberhart e Russel. Para as condições favoráveis de cultivo, por ambas as metodologias, foram recomendadas as linhagens 599XB P138-3 e 599XB P126-2. Sorghum grains are used in animal feed due to the lower cost of production and presentation of satisfactory protein levels and starch for monogastric nutrition. The maintainer strains allow the multiplication of seeds, making it possible to obtain hybrids. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate plant height at physiological maturity, adaptability and phenotypic stability for grain yield characteristics of thirty strains of LB grain sorghum in Uberaba - MG, Patos de Minas - MG and Votuporanga - SP. The experimental design was lattice, with two replications, in the three envi-ronments, in the agricultural year of 2016/2017. Data were submitted to joint analysis and studies of adaptability and stability by the methods of Eberhart and Russel (1966) and Lin and Binns (1988) adapted by Carneiro (1988). It was observed that the lineages showed plant height between 1.18 and 1.61 m, values close to that recommended for mechanized harvesting. The strains 599XB P50-3, 599XB P53-2, 599XB P67-2, 599XB P94-1, 599XB P73-1, 599XB P19-1 presented stability and wide adaptation, deserving prominence 599XB P53-2, for presenting high grain yield (2366.12 kg ha-1) by the method of Eberhart and Russel. For the favorable conditions of cultivation, for both metho-dologies, 599XB P138-3 and 599XB P126-2 strains are recommended.