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Objectives: This paper aims to analyse the evolution of the Welfare State by looking at the intersection between its current reconfigurations in face of great societal crises (2008-09 and 2020) and the emergence of a suspicion speech regarding deservingness of different beneficiaries to the social protection regimes. Method: Critical analysis based on literature review focusing on the genesis of Welfare State in light of the recent transformations occurred within societies, aiming to understand the dimension of deservingness (its conceptualization, application and variables) in the access to the social protection system. Results: The Welfare State is a 20th Century heritage that allowed for the development of social policies grounded on the Keynesian defense of the principle of Universal rights and in the understanding of social solidarity as one of the most visible faces of social justice. Positioned as the core of the social welfare paradigm, the universal social protection system has functioned for three decades as the mechanism for dealing with social risks, simultaneously potentializing social cohesion. A result of several types of mutations, being the crises of the second half/last quartet of the 20th century and the two already remarkable crises of the 21st Century, the social protection systems have suffered from significant influences that have affected their configuration and presuppositions. Above all, it is highlighted the change to an activation model in which the underlying postulate is that of the selectivity based on the logic of deservingness. Work is now a constitutionally enshrined right, but it has not always been so. From a historical point of view, work, as an instrument of public power, was a weapon of the State at the service of the regeneration of people who were able to work. From a political-economic perspective, work was seen as a source of subsistence and, simultaneously, as a weapon to control the rural exodus in order to avoid the shortage of agricultural products and, consequently, hunger. At the same time, compulsory labour guaranteed public peace and reinforced good social habits, with the aim of regenerating people and guaranteeing a persevering image and good organization of Portuguese society towards the outside world. In this research, we focused our attention on the perspective of imposed labour by virtue of the adoption of social and economic policies by the public power that historically decided it was convenient and adequate. The main objectives were to analyse the protection of labour and the worker in the Constitution, as well as to study the issues related to imposed labour and the repression of begging, in a historical-evolutive perspective. Some economic benefits granted by the State nowadays were also analysed. The methodology followed to achieve the outlined objectives was based both on documental analysis, mainly, on legal sources, such as international instruments, the Portuguese Constitution and ordinary law, and on an important part of the doctrine, on this very vast subject, with recourse to that which was considered the most adequate, given the characteristics of the present study, complemented with the culling and processing of empirical data concerning economic and other social benefits provided by Social Security. The results obtained revealed that discrimination and inequality are often linked to factors of disadvantage or social and/or economic vulnerability of certain people or groups of people, which distances them from the perimeter considered sufficiently dignified and dignifying for the human being, far from the desirable degree of well-being. It was concluded that the granting of survival benefits and the so-called social insertion income by the social security system tries to dilute the poverty threshold. Other support of a non-pecuniary nature is also granted, among them, the monitoring and definition of insertion programs and life projects, with the aim of contributing to obtaining employment and social integration. There has been a shift from a view of mandatory work as a duty to serve the purposes of the public authorities to work as a right to self-sufficiency and self-realization for the individual, with the state responsible for ensuring this right.

O conceito de “autoridade judiciária” e de “autoridade de emissão” tem disputado algumas discussões e interpretações por parte do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia em sede da matéria do mandado de detenção europeu. Uma vez transposta a Diretiva 2014/41/UE, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 3 de abril de 2014, que deu lugar à Lei n.º 88/2017, de 21 de agosto, e contendo esta, no seu artigo 3.º, na alínea c), o conceito de «autoridade de emissão», pretendemos averiguar se a interpretação daquele Tribunal se estenderia nos mesmos moldes limitativos ao mecanismo da decisão europeia de investigação, por razões atinentes à independência do Ministério Público em relação ao poder executivo. O Acórdão do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia, de 8 de dezembro de 2020, no processo C 584/19, veio clarificar a questão. The concepts of “judicial authority” and “issuing authority” have generated some discussions and interpretations by the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding these matters in relation to the European Arrest Warrant. Directive 2014/41/EU, of the European Parliament and of the Council, of April 3, 2014, was transposed through Law nº 88/2017, of August 21, and contains, in its article 3.º, subparagraph c), the concept of "issuing authority". Therefore, we intend to investigate whether the interpretation of that Court would extend in the same limiting terms to the mechanism of the European Investigation Order, for reasons relating to the independence of the Public Prosecutor's Office in relation to executive power. The judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, of December 8, 2020, in case C 584/19 clarified the issue.

There are many global problems that children and young people face today, such as new technologies, digitalization and climate changes, among others. These issues represent new threats to youth, but they also constitute new learning opportunities and contacts relevant to their well-being and growth as human beings. In this sense, the European Parliament, in its Resolution on the rights of the child on the 30th anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, came to elect inclusion and innovation as the guiding principles of education and training in a world dominated by digital technologies. This study aimed to identify the rights of minors when are using the Internet, the digital platforms and social networks and in all new spaces for digital communication, whether through computers, tablets, smartphones and game consoles. The method consisted of a theoretical and descriptive approach to relevant international instruments for the protection of the rights of children and young people, such as the European Convention on Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the European Social Charter, the European Parliament Resolution and the Council of Europe Strategy on the Rights of the Child (2016-2021). In addition, a critical analysis was carried out, based on the participation of the young people who were also heard, the achievements obtained and the challenges that arise, as well as the concerns and specific needs of adolescence in this area. The results show that the technological means used at the level of personalized education and partnerships between educational establishments have a high potential to combat the inequalities that exist between youth, bridging the digital divide between students from different socio-economic contexts and regions. The digital world presents opportunities, but it also presents risks, namely, harmful content, sexual exploitation, deprivation of privacy and unprotection of personal data, many resulting from the child's own conduct, such as cyber-bullying and self-exposure. Parents and educators feel the inherent difficulties and concerns without knowing how to proceed, digging the generational gap. There is an urgent need to promote access to quality training - “education for digital citizenship” - to combat radicalization and hate speech and ensure the protection of children's rights, promoting more creative, critical and secure digital communication.

A hospitalidade é um traço intrínseco à humanidade, e diversas conceituações e abordagens expressam sua natureza ampla, complexa, por vezes, ambígua e paradoxal. Pesquisas recentes sobre nível de satisfação dos turistas que visitam a cidade de Belo Horizonte destacam a hospitalidade mineira positivamente. Desta maneira, questiona-se: Qual a acepção de hospitalidade mineira para os turistas que visitam Belo Horizonte? Os objetivos foram: Pesquisar o significado de hospitalidade para os turistas; Identificar quais traços simbolizam a hospitalidade mineira; Comparar esses traços com a construção histórico-social da afirmativa. A abordagem do estudo foi quantitativa, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi questionário tipo Survey. A análise foi executada via Microsoft Excel, e o software de análise qualitativo NVivo. O embasamento teórico foi estruturado a partir de alguns dos principais estudiosos da Hospitalidade, sendo: Mauss (1925), Derrida (2001), Montandon (2011), Camargo (2004), Chon Sparrowe (2003), Lashley Morrison (2004). Os resultados apontam que a percepção de hospitalidade mineira para os turistas está associada a características culturais, ao ato de acolhimento, ao bem receber, a culinária mineira, e a integração do turista ao meio visitado, o que se assemelha a construção histórico-social.

Since we have been university professors for over thirty years, with thousands of hours of teaching experience and being the expositive method the privileged one for the explanation of the various subjects, we wanted to find out from our 2nd year students, from of the law degree at Portucalense University, which methods they would consider most appropriate in order to instil in them more interest in the presence of the classes and more use in the conclusion of the curricular units. Indeed, in the recent years, we have been finding it more difficult for students to concentrate, subsequently they are more easily distracted and adopt behaviours that disrupt the normal functioning of the classes, namely producing noise, which compromises the intrinsic reflection inherent to the seriousness and importance of the topics covered in the classes. It has also been found that students nowadays tend to read less, often seeking to study by simple summaries and / or notes on the subjects, elaborated by themselves or their peers. For this reason, the presentation of audio-visual media, such as the exhibition of brief documentaries and thematic interviews, has already been taken to the classroom, all related to the subject to be taught or already taught, promoting, then, the critical discussion. Empirically, it has been found that students appreciate this kind of presentation and discussion, which led us to ask them how they evaluate this experience and what, according to them, would be a methodologically interesting class, so as to capture them more interest. We also wanted to know about their reading habits, whether from manuals and other academic bibliographic sources or other kind of literature, as well as their willingness to actively contribute in the classroom context or to adhere to the study-research method and autonomous study with simple tutorial guidance from the teacher. We create an anonymous brief-answers questionnaire so that our students could express themselves as clearly and truthfully as possible. The questionnaire was prepared by us and answered by the students in November 2019. The average age of our students was around 20 years. The results partly coincide with the perception we had already gained from our classroom experience: lectures are considered interesting, audio-visuals very interesting and PowerPoints interesting, contributing to the increased interest of students and their academic achievement; students do not reveal much interest in active participation when learning; students devote little time to reading; students consider the reading of simple summaries and /or notes, elaborated by themselves or their peers, to be sufficient to obtain approval, but nevertheless recognize that reading the manuals is interesting.

The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in blood pressure regulation process, and its inhibition is one of the main drug targets for the treatment of hypertension. Though various peptides from milk proteins are well-known for their ACE-inhibitory capacity, research devoted to understand the molecular bases of such property remain scarce, specifically for such peptides. Therefore, in this work, computational molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations were performed to enlighten the intermolecular interactions involved in ACE inhibition by six different casein-derived peptides (FFVAPFPEVFGK, FALPQYLK, ALNEINQFYQK, YLGYLEQLLR, HQGLPQEVLNENLLR and NAVPITPTLNR). Two top ranked docking poses for each peptide (one with N- and the other C-terminal peptide extremity oriented towards the ACE active site) were selected for dynamic simulations (50 ns; GROMOS53A6 force field), and the results were correlated to

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Introducao: Criancas prematuras tendem a apresentar atrasos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor devido a imaturidade e a propensao de lesoes no sistema nervoso central. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiologico e motor de criancas atendidas no follow-up da Maternidade Balbina Mestrinho (MBM) em Manaus/AM, verificando a associacao entre diferentes fatores socioambientais e clinicos com o desenvolvimento motor (DM). Metodos: Foram avaliadas 25 criancas acompanhadas no follow-up da MBM, por meio da Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta e aplicacao de questionario estruturado contendo dados clinicos e epidemiologicos. Resultados: Foi detectado que todas as criancas eram prematuras e 44% apresentaram atipicidade no DM, relacionada principalmente a idade corrigida ( p=0,015 ) e ao grau de escolaridade materna ( p=0,019 ). Conclusao: O elevado indice de atipicidade no DM pode estar associado ao perfil amostral, cuja prematuridade infere em fragilidade de seus sistemas. Assim, sugere-se que maiores investigacoes sejam realizadas, a fim de relacionar outros fatores com o DM. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

The evaluation of 15N abundance of N derived from biological N2 fixation (BNF) in legume shoots (‘B S ’ value) is essential for quantifying BNF inputs to field-grown legumes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of shading, development stage of soybean (Glycine max) and rhizobium strain on the ‘B S ’ value. Soybean plants were grown in pots of autoclaved sand/perlite mixture in the open field. Plants were harvested at weekly intervals from 46 days after planting (DAP) to 75 DAP. All material was analysed for N and 15N abundance. ‘B S ’ was calculated assuming 50% of seed N was translocated to the shoots. ‘B S ’ was stable until 60 DAP but subsequently increased for the three strains tested. Nodule efficiency (N2 fixed g DM nodule−1) was greatly increased by shading and was significantly different between Bradyrhizobium species. ‘B S ’ was greatly increased by shading. We recommend that ‘B S ’ should be evaluated on plants of the same development stage and light intensity as those where BNF is quantified in the field. Different Bradyrhizobium strains make a large impact on ‘B S ’ and may lead to considerable errors in estimation of BNF inputs to plants with high %N derived from BNF.

Summary Background & aims Both green tea and metformin are used as adjuvants to treat and prevent complications associated with obesity; however, studies comparing their action and interaction in non-diabetic overweight women have not been reported. Thus, the current study evaluated the effects of green tea extract and metformin, both individually and in combination, on type 2 diabetes risk factors in non-diabetic overweight women. Methods A total of 120 overweight women were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to 1 of 4 groups, as follows: control (n = 29; 1 g of cellulose), green tea (n = 32; 1 g of dry green tea extract), metformin (n = 28; 1 g of metformin), and green tea + metformin (n = 31; 1 g of dry green tea extract + 1 g of metformin). Each group took the indicated capsules daily for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, and fasting blood samples were evaluated. Results Although no significant interactions were observed in glycaemic control (p = 0.07), green tea in the absence of metformin reduced fasting glucose (−4.428 ± 2.00; p = 0.031), but when combined the lowering effect was nullified. In contrast, metformin increased HbA1c concentration (0.048 ± 0.189%; p = 0.017) and also reduced body weight (−1.318 ± 0.366 kg; p = 0.034) and LM (lean mass) (−1.249 ± 0.310; p = 0.009). Regarding lipid parameters, green tea significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL-c. Conclusions Green tea was superior to metformin in improving glycaemic control and lipid profile in non-diabetic overweight women and, therefore, green tea extract is a promising alternative for reducing type 2 diabetes risk in overweight women.

The present study aimed to study the relationship between physical exercise, self-concept and school achievement in students of the second and third cycles of schooling aged 12 to 19 years. It also aims to verify if exercise habits reflect the recommendations for health maintenance. The sample consisted of 624 individuals (268 males, 354 females). The self-concept Questionnaire II (SDQ-II) (Marsh, 1990; Portuguese version of Goncalves & Vasconcelos-Raposo, 2001) was used to measure self-concept and to evaluate the school achievement we took into consideration the accumulated number of failures in school. In general, it was concluded that there is a positive correlation between self-concept and physical exercise, as well as a positive correlation between self-concept and school performance.text

The genome of Azoarcus olearius DQS-4T , a N2 -fixing Betaproteobacterium isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Taiwan, was sequenced and compared with other Azoarcus strains. The genome sequence showed high synteny with Azoarcus sp. BH72, a model endophytic diazotroph, but low synteny with five non-plant-associated strains (Azoarcus CIB, Azoarcus EBN1, Azoarcus KH32C, A. toluclasticus MF63T and Azoarcus PA01). Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) revealed that DQS-4T shares 98.98% identity with Azoarcus BH72, which should now be included in the species A. olearius. The genome of DQS-4T contained several genes related to plant colonization and plant growth promotion, such as nitrogen fixation, plant adhesion and root surface colonization. In accordance with the presence of these genes, DQS-4T colonized rice (Oryza sativa) and Setaria viridis, where it was observed within the intercellular spaces and aerenchyma mainly of the roots. Although they promote the growth of grasses, the mechanism(s) of plant growth promotion by A. olearius strains is unknown, as the genomes of DQS-4T and BH72 do not contain genes for indole acetic acid (IAA) synthesis nor phosphate solubilization. In spite of its original source, both the genome and behaviour of DQS-4T suggest that it has the capacity to be an endophytic, nitrogen-fixing plant growth-promoting bacterium.

To quantify the BNF contribution to legumes using the 15N natural abundance technique, it is important to know the abundance of 15N of the plants grown entirely dependent on BNF (value ‘B’). The aim of the study was to determine the 15N natural abundance of N2 fixed by different Bradyrhizobium strains in symbiosis with one soybean cultivar. Treatments consisted of soybean plants cultivated with and without inoculation with ten Bradyrhizobium strains, in five replicates planted in Leonard jars in a sand/vermiculite mixture. Plants were harvested after 46 days. The ‘B’ values of the aerial tissue (‘Bs’) ranged from -2.6 to -3.9 ‰. There was a tendency for the ‘Bs’ values of plants inoculated with strains of B. elkanii to be more negative than plants inoculated with other strains. All ‘B’ values of the whole plant were less than 1 unit of δ15N (‰) different from zero, suggesting that the symbioses have little tendency to show significant isotopic fractionation during N2 fixation, but there is considerable depletion in 15N of the N translocated to the shoot tissue. RESUMO: Para quantificar a FBN em leguminosas, através da técnica de abundância natural de 15N, é importante conhecer a abundância de 15N da planta leguminosa crescida inteiramente dependente da FBN (valor ‘B’). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a abundância natural de 15N do N2 fixado por diferentes estirpes de Bradyrhizobium em simbiose com uma cultivar de soja. Os tratamentos consistiram de plantas cultivadas sem e com inoculação com dez estirpes de Bradyrhizobium, em cinco repetições. Foram utilizados vasos de Leonard, substrato de areia e vermiculita. As plantas foram colhidas após 46 dias. Os valores de ‘B’ parte aérea (‘Bpa’) variaram entre -2.6 to -3.9 ‰. Houve tendência para a abundância de 15N dos valores de ‘Bpa’ das plantas inoculadas com estirpes de B. elkanii a serem mais negativos que as plantas inoculadas com as outras estirpes. Todos os valores de ‘B’ da planta inteira foram menos de 1 unidade de δ 15N (‰) diferente de zero, sugerindo que as simbioses têm pouca tendência de mostrar fracionamento isotópico significativo, mas houve considerável empobrecimento do isótopo 15N no N translocado a parte aérea.

Os pesticidas organoclorados (PCOs) são poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs) que constituem uma grande fonte de contaminação da água, solo e ar. A exposição humana a eles pode ser um fator de risco para a diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), sendo essa associação atribuída a mecanismos de ação dos PCOs que possivelmente influenciam na homeostase da glicose. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma revisão sistemática descritiva da literatura sobre a detecção de PCOs na água e a associação da exposição humana à esses poluentes com o risco de DM2. A busca de artigos foi realizada de março a abril de 2018 nas bases de dados PubMed, Bireme e SciELO, utilizando os descritores “organochlorines and water” e “organochlorines and diabetes”. Foram obtidos 477 artigos, sendo 455 (PubMed), 18 (Bireme) e 4 (SciELO), onde 15 foram incluídos na revisão e 462 foram excluídos. Os estudos de detecção de PCOs na água relataram os diclorodifeniltricloroetanos (DDTs), hexaclorohexanos (HCHs), heptacloros como os mais associados aos riscos ecotoxicológicos e à saúde humana quando em concentrações acima dos padrões estabelecidos. Em relação aos estudos de associação de PCOs com DM2, os DDTs, HCHs e HCB foram os mais associados positivamente ao risco de DM2. Esses achados alertam sobre a responsabilidade social acerca do meio ambiente, enfatizando a criação de estudos e programas de monitoramento ambiental para controle do uso desses PCOs, bem como a criação de estudos futuros que busquem entender a fisiopatologia da DM2 associada aos PCOs, já que essa causalidade ainda não foi bem estabelecida.

The main objective of this study is to analyse the perceptions of the law students on the human rights, specifically their knowledge and sensitivity regarding to the purposes of penalties. The application of criminal sanctions aims the protection of juridical assets and the reintegration of the agent into the society, with useful purposes, to safeguard legal peace in society and to avoid in the future the committing of other crimes by the condemned. In this sense, the execution of penalties should be oriented to promote that the condemned, after serving the sentence, be prepared to live responsibly in the community. Considering the constitutional principle of human dignity, it should be left to the condemned, as far as possible, during the execution of the sentence, his self-determination for his future resocialization. The application of penalties for purely retributive purposes is excluded and whenever possible, because of short prison sentences have been viewed negatively for having a stigmatizing character and criminogenic effects, it is planned to replace them with other non-custodial alternative sentences (such as fines penalties and community work consented by the condemned).Due to the constitutional principle of human dignity, the death penalty, the penalty of life imprisonment, the forced labour and corporal punishment are prohibited. Contrary to the humanist characteristic of the Portuguese Penal Code there is a popular tendency that defends heavier penalties, criminal sentences that are less respectful to the human dignity and the punishment of the condemned justified only by the punishment itself. In this research it was intended in particular to know how the students of the 2nd year of the Law Course from Oporto Portucalense University, in the academic year 2018-19, face the function of criminal penalties, after having learned Political Science and Constitutional Law in the 1st year and before being taught the program content of the curricular unit of Criminal Law. To achieve this goal, surveys were developed and then answered by 90 students. The results show that students need to be sensitized to the human rights dimension, since they have a vision that does not coincide with the one that is legally established and far from constitutional rights and guarantees. It was concluded that the majority adheres to the populist tendencies of the Criminal Law, being essential and necessary in the Academy an education more accentuated and effective for the human rights dimension.

Objetivos: elaborar instrumento de avaliação para ambiente de prática clínica de Fisioterapia e investigar como o estudante da Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde avalia este cenário. Método: elaborado questionário que, após validação de conteúdo por especialistas, foi aplicado aos estudantes. Resultados/conclusão: os estudantes avaliaram positivamente o cenário clinico e o instrumento se mostrou importante para gerenciamento da atividade.

SUMMARYCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is the most important food grain legume in Africa. Cowpea is nodulated by rhizobium bacteria in almost all soils of the tropics, but studies performed in the 1970s and 1980s in Nigeria suggested only modest responses of grain yield in the field to inoculation of selected rhizobium strains. More recently, experiments performed in Brazil have shown that cowpea responded to inoculation of rhizobium selected locally and grain yields increased by up to 30%. We tested some of the Brazilian strains on cowpea at a site in northern Mozambique and at several sites in Northern Ghana. At all sites phosphorus fertilizer (26 kg P ha−1) was added to all plots. At the site in Mozambique despite considerable damage to the crop by the parasitic yellow witchweed (Alectra vogelii), grain yields were more than doubled by inoculation of one of the Brazilian strains and reached 1.4 Mg ha−1. In on-station experiments conducted in 2012 in June and August in northern Ghana using the local cowpea variety Padi-Tuya as the test crop, nodule weight at 35 days after planting (dap) tripled with rhizobium strain BR 3299 (530 mg plant−1) in August with the other inoculants (BR 3267 and a mixture of BR 3267 and BR 3299) also increased nodule weight to over 300 mg plant−1. In the first on-station experiment, grain yields were doubled by the inoculation of any of the three rhizobium strains, and in the second experiment, significant increases in grain yield ranged from 39% to 57% and reached over 2.0 Mg ha−1. Similar increases in nodulation and grain yield due to inoculation were observed in 22 on-farm trials. Nitrogen fertilizer application promoted vegetative growth but did not increase grain yield and nodulation. Inoculating cowpea with highly effective rhizobium strains can therefore enhance grain yield of smallholder farmers in Africa.

RESUMO Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho, qualidade do ovo e bioquímica sérica de poedeiras comerciais leves submetidas a rações com níveis crescentes (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%) de farinha de cará. Foram utilizadas 144 poedeiras da linhagem Hissex White com 39 semanas de idade. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias divididos em quatro períodos de 21 dias. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de seis aves cada. As estimativas dos níveis de farinha de cará foram determinadas por meio de regressão polinomial. Os resultados de consumo de ração, produção de ovos, conversão alimentar (por dúzia de ovos e massa de ovos) e massa de ovo apresentaram diferenças significativas (P0,05) pela inclusão de farinha de cará nas rações. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (P0.05) by the treatments. Significant differences were observed (P

A crescente sensação de insegurança da população vai exigindo do poder punitivo estatal um desempenho maior, mais acelerado e eficaz. Esta reivindicação tem vindo a denotar uma evidente determinação no sentido de se obter uma justiça penal dura, rígida e modelar. Nesta linha, o legislador, não imune às reclamações da população, mas também em consequência de populismos triviais, acaba por ceder e introduzir mudanças na lei processual penal, respondendo assim ao fenómeno reivindicativo. Acontece que a tendência punitivista e securitária restringe necessariamente as garantias dos arguidos, que também são cidadãos. E é justamente esta vertente, da discutível trilogia “segurança, liberdade, administração da justiça penal”, que é objecto desta reflexão. Daí que tivéssemos tentado dar um contributo, a propósito de algumas alterações da lei processual penal portuguesa, no que respeita às declarações do arguido e ao julgamento em processo sumário, que afectaram alguns direitos deste sujeito processual. The growing sense of insecurity of the population will require greater, swifter and more effective performance from the State’s punitive power. This claim has come to denote a patent determination to obtain a hard and rigid model of criminal justice. In this way, the legislator, not immune to the complaints of the population, but also in consequence of trivial populisms, ends up giving in and introducing changes in criminal procedural law responding to the phenomenon of vindication. The punitive and security tendency turns out to be one that is likely to narrow the guarantees of the defendants, who are also citizens. And it is precisely this aspect of the debatable trilogy “security, freedom, administration of criminal justice”, which is the subject of this reflection. Thus, we have tried to make a contribution regarding some changes in Portuguese criminal procedural law that have impacted certain rights of the accused. Un sentiment croissant d’insécurité de la population exige du pouvoir punitif de l’État une performance meilleure, plus rapide et plus efficace. Cette affirmation montre une détermination claire à l’obtention d’une justice pénale dure, plus rigide et servant de modèle. Par conséquent, le législateur non immunisé contre les réclamations de la population et, aussi en raison du populisme trivial, fini par céder et apporte des modifications à la loi sur la procédure pénale, pour répondre au phénomène revendicatif. La tendance punitiviste et sécuritaire restreint nécessairement les garanties des accusés, qui sont aussi des citoyens. Et c’est précisément cet aspect, la trilogie controversée “sécurité, liberté, administration de la justice pénale” qui fait l’objet de cette réflexion. Par conséquent, nous avons essayé d’apporter une contribution, à propos de quelques modifications de la loi sur la procédure pénale portugaise, en ce qui concerne les déclarations de l’accusé et du jugement en procédure sommaire, qui a affecté certains droits de ce sujet procédural.

This paper addresses the perceptions of the law students on human rights education, with regard to the purpose of the sentences, discussing whether they had learned the values passed on to them in class and if they were sensitive to this dimension of the human rights. As there is a popular tendency that, contradicting the Portuguese constitutional principles, defends more severe punishments, the article explored the reasons why the students’ perception and acceptance of these issues were aligned with this opinion. To achieve these objectives, data were collected through surveys with 13 questions answered by the Portucalense University students. The results showed that the students were not sensitised to the human rights dimension with regard to the purposes of sentencing. It was concluded that the majority of them were more receptive to the public opinion, published in the media channels, than to the knowledge that was provided to them in the Academy about the legitimation of the criminal punishment. Keywords: Purposes of sentencing, punishment, severe criminal sanctions, education for human rights, educational research.

Acknowledging the importance of studies toward the development of measures against terrorism and bioterrorism, this study aims to contribute to the design of new prototypes of potential drugs against smallpox. Based on a former study, nine synthetic feasible prototypes of selective inhibitors for thymidylate kinase from

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes turnos de coleta e diferentes períodos de transferência dos ovos de matrizes semipesadas sobre a relação pinto sobre ovo, os rendimentos de incubação, mortalidade embrionária, análise termodinâmica, rendimentos de carcaça e desempenho dos pintos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (3 x 2) constituído de dois fatores: turnos de coleta (ovos coletados pelo turno da manhã- 8:00hs às 12:00hs, pelo turno da tarde- 12:01hs às 18:00hs, e pelo turno da noite 18:01hs às 7:59hs) e diferentes períodos de transferência dos ovos (aos 16 e 19 dias) totalizando seis tratamentos com 35 ovos por tratamento, 210 ao todo, sendo cada ovo considerado uma repetição. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância e para medida de comparação das médias estimadas foi aplicado o teste de Tukey à 5% de significância. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Brazil nut oil in diets for breeder cocks on performance, semen analyses, biochemical serum profile and testicular morphology. Forty-two Rhode Island Red breeder cocks with 40 weeks of age were used. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of seven levels of Brazil nut oil (0; 0.30; 0.60; 0.90; 1.20; 1.50 and 1.80%) in the diets. Data collected were evaluated by polynomial regression. Differences (p < 0.05) were detected in feed conversion, semen volume, motility, vigor, pH, swirling and concentration, in which the inclusion of Brazil nut oil in the diets improved the reproductive performance. Differences (p < 0.05) were also detected in the biochemical serum profile (triglycerides, cholesterol and blood pH); the inclusion of Brazil nut oil caused a large increase in blood triglycerides and cholesterol levels, consequently, changing the blood pH. The Brazil nut oil can be used as an energetic additive in diets given to breeder cocks, promoting better reproductive performance, without changing semen and testicular morphology, but altering the biochemical serum profile of the birds. RESUMO. Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de níveis crescentes de óleo de castanha do Brasil (0; 0,30; 0,60; 0,90; 1,20; 1,50 e 1,80%) em rações de galos reprodutores sobre o desempenho, análise andrológica, perfil bioquímico sérico e biometria testicular. Foram utilizados 42 galos reprodutores Rhode Island Red com 40 semanas, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado constituído de sete tratamentos com seis galos (repetições) cada. As estimativas dos níveis de óleo de castanha foram determinadas através de regressão polinomial à 5% de significância. Foram observadas diferenças (p < 0,05) nos resultados de conversão alimentar, volume seminal, motilidade, vigor, pH turbilhonamento e concentração seminal a partir da a inclusão de óleo de castanha do Brasil nas rações. Os resultados de perfil bioquímico sérico (triglicerídeos, colesterol e pH sanguíneo) também apresentaram diferenças (p < 0,05) onde a inclusão de óleo de castanha do Brasil nas rações ocasionou maior acúmulo de triglicerídeos e colesterol sanguíneo, consequentemente modificando o pH do meio. Concluiu-se que o óleo de castanha do Brasil pode ser utilizado como aditivo energético em rações para galos reprodutores promovendo melhora na conversão alimentar e no desempenho reprodutivo, sem modificar a morfologia espermática e testicular, porém, alterando o perfil bioquímico sérico das aves.

Em pleno século XXI continuamos a assistir a repetidas violações dos direitos humanos. A diversidade étnica, a multiplicidade cultural, a pluralidade religiosa, a variedade identitéria, a diferença de género são algumas das causas de conflitos entre populações, grupos e indivíduos. O reconhecimento da dignidade da pessoa humana e o direito à igualdade de todos os indivíduos, incompreensivelmente, continua a ser uma quimera em muitos cantos do planeta. O princípio da não discriminação, enquanto baluarte de uma sociedade humanistica, não obstante a existência de numerosas disposições, tanto em instrumentos interncionais, como nas legislações nacionais, não é efetivamente considerado. De resto, os designados crimes de ódio são disso uma evidência. Os números indicam que, no passado ano, em todo o mundo, foram vítimas de homicídio cerca de três centenas de pessoas transexuais. Casos em que domina a ignorância, o preconceito, a discriminação, o ultraje e a violência em função da vítima ser transexual. A questão da identidade de género (a denominada Genser Dysphoria ou gender identity disorder ou, como lhe chama a Lei Portuguesa nº 7/2011, de 15 de março [que consagra o procedimento de mudança de sexo e de nome próprio no registo civil], "o diagnóstico de perturbação de identidade de género, também designada como transexualidade") tem constituído uma firme reivindicação desta minoria ao nível do direito à identidade pessoal, do direito à identidade e expressão de género e do direito à livre realização da pessoa, ao mesmo tempo que é reclamada a despatologização do designado transtorno de identidade de género. In the XXI century we continue to see the repeated violations of human rights. The ethnic diversity, cultural diversity, religious plurality, identity range, gender differences are some of the causes of conflicts between peoples, groups and individuals. The recognition of human dignity and the right to equality of all individuals, incomprehensibly, remains a chimera in many corners of the planet. The principle of non-discrimination, as bulwark of a humanistic society, despite the existence of numerous provisions, both in international instruments and in national legislation is not effectively considered. Moreover, the designated hate crimes that are evidence. The figures show that last year, around the world, were homicide victims about three hundred transsexuals. Where it dominates the ignorance, prejudice, discrimination, outrage and violence due to the victim being transsexual. The issue of gender identity (the so-called Gender Dysphoria or gender identity or, as you call it the Portuguese Law No. 7/2011, of March 15 [enshrining the sex change procedure and name in the civil register] "diagnosis of gender identity disorder, also know as transsexualism") has been a firm claim this minority in terms of the right to personal identity, the right to gender identity and expression and the right to free fulfillment of the person, the same time is claimed to depathologization the designates gender disorder.

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Brazil nut oil in diets for breeder cocks on performance, semen analyses, biochemical serum profile and testicular morphology. Forty-two Rhode Island Red breeder cocks with 40 weeks of age were used. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of seven levels of Brazil nut oil (0; 0.30; 0.60; 0.90; 1.20; 1.50 and 1.80%) in the diets. Data collected were evaluated by polynomial regression. Differences (p < 0.05) were detected in feed conversion, semen volume, motility, vigor, pH, swirling and concentration, in which the inclusion of Brazil nut oil in the diets improved the reproductive performance. Differences (p < 0.05) were also detected in the biochemical serum profile (triglycerides, cholesterol and blood pH); the inclusion of Brazil nut oil caused a large increase in blood triglycerides and cholesterol levels, consequently, changing the blood pH. The Brazil nut oil can be used as an energetic additive in diets given to breeder cocks, promoting better reproductive performance, without changing semen and testicular morphology, but altering the biochemical serum profile of the birds.

RESUMO O objetivo com este estudo foi verificar a viabilidade econômica da inclusão de níveis crescentes de farinha de cará em rações para poedeiras comerciais leves. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias divididos em quatro períodos de 21 dias cada. Foram utilizadas 144 poedeiras da linhagem Hissex White com 39 semanas de idade. A farinha de cará foi inclusa nas rações como fonte energética. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado constituído de seis tratamentos correspondentes a níveis de inclusão de farinha de cará (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%) com quatro repetições de seis aves cada. Os dados coletados foram analisados utilizando regressão polinomial. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) na análise econômica de custo alimentar relacionada com a produção de ovos e na análise de receita e lucratividade das poedeiras, obtendo-se melhores resultados no nível de 5% de inclusão de farinha de cará nas rações, e decréscimo na rentabilidade a medida que se aumenta os níveis de inclusão. A partir dos resultados encontrados, concluiu-se, portanto, que a farinha de cará pode ser utilizada como alimento alternativo em rações de poedeiras comerciais leves, tendo o nível de 5% de inclusão apresentado melhores resultados de desempenho econômico. A partir de 15% de inclusão, observam-se perdas econômicas significativas. SUMMARY The objective of this study was to analyze the economical availability of cará flour in diets for laying hens. The experiment lasted 84 days in four periods of 21 days. 144 Hissex White hens with 39 weeks of age were used. Cará flour was used as diets energy source. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments of cará flour levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) with four replicates of six birds each. The data were analyzed for polynomial regression at 5% of significance. Significant differences were observed (P>0.05) in the economic analysis of food costs in egg production, revenue analysis and profitability of laying hens, with better results at 5% of cará flour inclusion. Observed too a decrease in profitability from these inclusion levels. From these results, it was concluded that the cará flour can be used as an energy alternative food in diets for commercial laying hens, with the inclusion level of 5% shown better results of economic performance. From 15% of inclusion, observed significant economic losses.

Objective: To describe and analyze the meanings of living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) for men with irregular adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Methods: Qualitative research conducted at an ambulatory of a school hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with 10 men. Data was collected from May to September 2011 through semi-structured interview and submitted to content analysis, resulting in the categories “Discovering the HIV infection” and “Living with HIV”. Results: The meanings of living with HIV are distinguished by the coexistence of some misconceptions about HIV/AIDS, consolidated in the epidemic onset, with new perceptions, derived from the gains resulting from use of ART, associated to the valuation of features that bring a sense of non-vulnerability to the man. These aspects can be understood as factors that are directly reflected in the way that the participant men adhere (or not) to ART. Moreover, the limitations imposed by the real conditions of the individuals’ life are highlighted, especially concerning the socioeconomic and cultural context. Conclusion: The process of living with HIV is characterized by complexity, which indicates the planning of health actions from a gender perspective to address the specificities of the masculine universe. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2013.p480 Objetivo: Describir y analizar los significados de vivir com el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en hombres con adhesión irregular a la terapia antiretroviral (TARV). Métodos: Investigación cualitativa realizada en un ambulatório de un hospital universitario en un pueblo de Minas Gerais com participación de 10 hombres. Los datos fueron recogidos entre mayo y septiembre de 2011 a través de entrevista semi-estructurada y sometidos al análisis de contenido resultando en las categorias temáticas “Descubriendo la contaminación por el VIH” y “(Con) Viviendo con el VIH”. Resultados: Los significados de vivir com el VIH son marcados por la coexistencia de algunas concepciones equivocadas sobre VIH/SIDA consolidadas en el inicio de La epidemia con nuevas percepciones provenientes de las ganâncias advenidas de la utilización de la TARV asociadas a la valorización de características que traen una percepción de invulnerabilidad del hombre. Eses aspectos pueden ser comprendidos como factores que se reflejan directamente en la forma como los sujetos adhieren o no a la TARV. Además, se destaca también las limitaciones impuestas por las condiciones concretas de vida de los sujetos, principalmente en lo que se refiere al ámbito socioeconómico y cultural. Conclusión: El proceso de vivir con VIH se caracteriza por la complejidad, lo que suscita el planeamiento de acciones en salud en una perspectiva de género que atienda a lãs especificidades del universo masculino. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2013.p480 Objetivo: Descrever e analisar os significados de viver com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) para homens com adesão irregular à terapia antirretroviral (TARV). Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um ambulatório de um hospital universitário no interior de Minas Gerais, com participação de 10 homens. Os dados foram coletados entre maio e setembro de 2011 através de entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à análise de conteúdo, resultando nas categorias temáticas “Descobrindo a contaminação pelo HIV” e “(Com)Vivendo com o HIV”. Resultados: Os significados de viver com HIV são marcados pela coexistência de algumas concepções equivocadas sobre HIV/AIDS, consolidadas no início da epidemia, com novas percepções, provenientes dos ganhos advindos da utilização da TARV, associadas à valorização de características que trazem uma percepção de invulnerabilidade pelo homem. Esses aspectos podem ser compreendidos como fatores que se refletem diretamente na forma como os sujeitos aderem ou não à TARV. Além disso, destacam-se também as limitações impostas pelas condições concretas de vida dos sujeitos, principalmente no que se refere ao âmbito socioeconômico e cultural. Conclusão: O processo de viver com HIV caracteriza-se pela complexidade, o que suscita o planejamento de ações de saúde, numa perspectiva de gênero que atenda às especificidades do universo masculino. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2013.p480

Summary Objective This study aims to compare acoustic characteristics of classical and popular female singers' vocal performances in Heitor Villa-Lobos' Melodia Sentimental (Sentimental Melody). Method Long-term average spectrum acoustic analysis and long-term voice onset time (VOT) were performed for two consonants /d/ in the first six verses of Melodia Sentimental sang by 10 professional singers: five classical (GC) and five popular (GP). Results Classical singers presented prominence in the region of the frequencies between 2.5 and 3.5 kHz, not observed in the majority of the popular singers' group. The GC group showed lighter spectral decline curves and the numerical value of decline was also lower. Classical singers presented lower long-term voice onset time values, which indicates a longer period of glottic closure. Conclusion Acoustic analysis revealed that classical singers have more energy in glottic closure associated with a shorter duration of glottic coaptation.

O facto de a lei portuguesa nº 7/2011, de 15 de março (que criou o procedimento de mudança de sexo e de nome próprio no registo civil) designar a transexualidade como ”perturbação de identidade de género” ‒ cujo diagnóstico deve ser comprovado por relatório médico ‒ e de o Código Deontológico dos Médicos tratar esta matéria no Capítulo “Transexualidade e disforia de género”, não contribui para a compreensão generalizada desta temática, sendo que a abertura para o conhecimento funciona como um dos motores principais da não discriminação.

The genome of Azoarcus olearius DQS-4

O processo penal é das áreas do Direito que mais capta o interesse mediático. Seja porque prossegue objetivos de natureza pública (descoberta da verdade, realização da justiça, restabelecimento da paz jurídica e defesa dos direitos fundamentais), seja porque se move em terrenos como o de crueldade e impiedade humanas ou porque combina sentimentos menos nobres como ódios, raiva e rancores. A verdade é que atrai a atenção do público em geral e é frequente assistirmos a noticiários televisivos a abrirem com casos criminais ou jornais a dedicarem-lhe páginas de destaque. Pelo interesse que os casos criminais despertam junto da população e pela função que as autoridades judiciárias desempenham, a tarefa dos órgãos de comunicação social neste âmbito está delimitada pela lei portuguesa, não obstante, por regra, o processo penal português se afirmar público, sob pena de nulidade. Trata-se de restrições colocadas pelo legislador sobretudo a fim de proteger dois interesses muitas vezes de difícil compatibilização entre si: de um lado, os interesses da investigação criminal; de outro lado, os interesses jusfundamentais dos sujeitos processuais, nomeadamente a honra, o bom nome e a presunção de inocência do arguido. A lei ressalva os casos de a publicidade causar grave dano à dignidade das pessoas, à moral pública ou ao normal decurso do acto. A regra será a da exclusão da publicidade quando estejam em causa crimes de tráfico de pessoas ou crimes contra a liberdade e a autodeterminação sexual. Os órgãos de comunicação social têm o direito de narrar o teor dos actos processuais e de a eles assistirem e o público goza do direito à informação, todavia, estes direitos não são absolutos pois o exercício desta prerrogativa por parte da comunicação social pode conduzir à prática de um crime de desobediência caso não obedeça aos parâmetros limitativos da lei processual penal. Dito de outro modo, a ligação do processo e actos processuais com o mundo exterior, por meio da actividade jornalística, tem várias limitações cuja validade cumpre aclarar.

Orientador: Zigomar Menezes de Souza Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola Resumo: A manutenção da palha sobre a superfície do solo promove o aumento dos estoques de carbono do solo, redução das emissões totais de gases do efeito estufa, melhoria dos atributos físicos e químicos, aumento da sua atividade biológica, da infiltração e armazenamento de água no solo. Entretanto, o setor sucroenergético vem se posicionando no sentido de utilizar este subproduto na produção de energia e etanol de segunda geração. Portanto, avaliar a quantidade de palha a ser mantida no solo visando à sustentabilidade do canavial é de suma importância para o manejo da cana crua no estado de São Paulo. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a manutenção de diferentes quantidades (5, 10 e 15 t ha-1) de palha na superfície do solo e seus efeitos nos atributos físicos, químicos, estoques de carbono do solo e na produtividade do canavial. O trabalho foi conduzido em duas usinas do estado de São Paulo, Iracema (Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico argiloso) e Zilor (Latossolo Vermelho álico arenoso), localizadas nos municípios de Iracemápolis-SP e Quatá-SP, respectivamente. Os experimentos foram instalados considerando um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi composta por 10 linhas de cana-de-açúcar, com espaçamento de 1,5 m e 10 m de comprimento. As avaliações realizadas constituíram-se em: densidade e porosidade do solo, intervalo hídrico ótimo e curva de retenção, estabilidade de agregados, variação do conteúdo de água no solo, teor de água no solo e resistência do solo à penetração, extração e compartimentalização dos nutrientes na planta, decomposição da palha no solo e concentração de carbono do solo. Concluiu-se que embora a dose de 15 t ha-1 tenha sido a que mais aportou carbono e nitrogênio nos dois solos estudados, os resultados de nitrogênio e enxofre foram melhores na ausência de palha e na dose 5 t ha-1, portanto, há necessidade de correção na adubação nitrogenada e sulfatada quando há aporte de palhada. Em áreas de temperaturas mais elevadas a massa seca remanescente é menor, sendo que o aporte de elevadas, quantidades de palha ocasiona uma aceleração da decomposição. Na segunda safra, para ambos os solos estudados, o cálcio e o nitrogênio alcançaram seu tempo de meia vida mais rapidamente. A dose de 15 t ha-1 foi a que expressou melhores resultados nos dois solos no que se refere à velocidade de degradação dos nutrientes na palhada. O incremento de palha nos atributos físicos em solos arenosos, em seus primeiros anos de ciclo possui importância maior como possível mitigador da compactação quando comparado com os solos argilosos. Sugerindo que uma retirada de palha para fins industriais seja mais prejudicial em solos arenosos. No que se refere a manutenção de água no solo, as maiores doses de palha apresentaram resultados significativos na retenção de água no solo para a profundidade 0,00-0,10 m em solo argiloso. O solo argiloso apresentou aumento do diâmetro médio ponderado de agregados na profundidade de 0,00-0,05 m. Entretanto, o incremento de carbono em profundidade foi mais expressivo no solo arenoso Abstract: Maintaining sugarcane straw on the soil surface can increase soil carbon stocks, reduce total greenhouse gas emissions, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase its biological activity and enhance in filtration and water storage potential. However, the sugarcane sector has increasingly shifted toward the use of this residue for electricity and 2nd generation ethanol production. Therefore, assessing the amount of sugarcane straw that should be maintained on the soil surface of sugarcane fields is increasingly important to ensure the sustainability of green cane management in São Paulo. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maintaining different amounts of sugarcane straw on the soil surface and compare the out comes for the physical and chemical attributes, soil carbon stocks and sugarcane yields. The work was conducted in two sugarcane mills located in São Paulo State; Iracema (claysoil ¿Eutrutox soil) and Zilor (sandy soil ¿ Haplutox), located in the cities of Iracemápolis-SP and Quatá-SP, respectively. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Each plot consisted of 10 sugarcane rows that had a row- spacing of 1.5 m and a length of 10 m. The evaluations consisted of: soil density, soil porosity, least limiting water range and soil-water retention curve, aggregate stability, soil water content and water content variation, soil resistance to penetration, extraction and compartmentalization of nutrient contents in sugarcane, straw decomposition and soil carbon concentration. We concluded that although straw rates of 15 t ha-1gave better carbon and nitrogen contributions for both soil types, the results of nitrogen and sulphur content were better in plots without straw and when it was maintained at rates of 5 t ha-1. Therefore, it is necessary to correct fertilization for nitrogen and sulphate where straw is present on the soil surface. In higher temperature conditions, the remaining dry matter is less and decomposition is accelerated when there is a larger amount of straw. In the second crop year, calcium and nitrogen obtained faster half-life for both of the studied soils. The nutrient degradation within straw showed better results at rates of 15 t ha-1 for both soils. The improvements during the first crop year to the physical attributes of sandy soils shows that straw cover shave a greater potential to mitigate soil compaction when compared to clay soils. This suggests that straw removal for industrial purposes may be more damaging in sandy soils. With respect the maintenance of water in the soil, higher rates of straw showed significant effects on soil water retention at depths ranging from 0.00 to 0.10 m in clay soils. The clay soil showed an increase in average diameter at depths between 0.00 to 0.05 m. However, the increase in soil carbon concentration in depth was more significant for the sandy soil Doutorado Engenharia Agricola Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola FAPESP 2013/02792-1

OBJETIVO: Analisar as características epidemiológicas da displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) e suas relações com condições maternas e neonatais em uma unidade neonatal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, sendo os dados coletados através da análise de prontuários envolvendo recém-nascidos (RNs) pré-termo com peso ao nascimento inferior a 1.500 g e idade gestacional abaixo de 37 semanas internados em uma unidade neonatal. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 323 recém-nascidos com média do peso ao nascimento de 1.161 g (± 231 g), idade gestacional entre 24 e 36,5 semanas com incidência da DBP de 17,6%. Entre os RNs que desenvolveram DBP, a média de dias de uso de assistência ventilatória mecânica invasiva (AVMI), ventilação não invasiva (VNI) e oxigênio foi, respectivamente, 17,6 dias, 16,2 dias e 46,1 dias, sendo significativamente maior naqueles RNs que desenvolveram a DBP (p < 0,001). A ocorrência da DBP foi significativamente maior nos RNs com diagnóstico de persistência do canal arterial (PCA). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência da DBP neste estudo foi semelhante à encontrada na literatura mundial. Não houve associação entre a presença de infecção materna e o uso de corticoide antenatal com a DBP. Os RNs que fizeram uso de surfactante tiveram maior incidência da DBP porque tinham menor PN e menor IG. A ocorrência da PCA e DBP simultaneamente está associada ao maior tempo de uso de AVMI, VNI e oxigênioOBJECTIVE: To review epidemiological features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its relationship with maternal and neonatal conditions in a neonatal unit. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study involving preterm newborns (NBs) with a birth weight lower than 1,500 g and gestational age under 37 weeks. Data was collected through a review of medical records of these newborns admitted to a neonatal unit. RESULTS: The study included 323 newborns with a mean birth weight of 1,161 g (± 231 g), gestational age between 24 and 36.5 weeks, with a BPD incidence of 17.6%. Among the NBs developing BPD, the mean of days using invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), non-invasive ventilation (NIMV), and supplemental oxygen was 17.6, 16.2, and 46.1 days, respectively, with a time significantly longer for those NBs developing BPD (p < 0.001). BPD occurred significantly more often in NBs with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). CONCLUSION: BPD incidence in this study was similar to that found in the literature. No BPD association with maternal infection and antenatal corticosteroid use was found. NBs receiving exogenous surfactant had a higher BPD incidence because they had lower BW and GA. Concomitant occurrence of PDA and BPD is associated with staying longer on IMV, NIMV and supplemental oxygen

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade econômica de patos alimentados com planos nutricionais fásicos em diferentes densidades populacionais. 240 patos da linhagem crioulo foram utilizados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x2 constituído de três planos nutricionais (3, 4 e 5 fases) e duas densidades de alojamento (2 e 3 aves/m²) com quatro repetições de 10 aves cada. As aves tiveram seu desempenho avaliado semanalmente, e após 90 dias, quatro aves de cada tratamento foram abatidas para análise da produção de carne. Os dados coletados foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (P < 0,05) para consumo de ração total, conversão alimentar, custo alimentar e ponto de equilíbrio entre planos nutricionais, onde patos alimentados em fases reduzidas (3 fases) apresentaram melhores resultados. Também foram observadas diferenças significativas (P < 0,05) entre densidades de alojamento para consumo de ração total, peso de abate, custo alimentar, produção de carne (kg e kg/m²), custo de produção (kg e kg/m²) e ponto de equilíbrio, com a recomendação de 2 aves/m² apresentando melhores resultados. Concluiu-se que patos em confinamento submetidos a planos nutricionais com fases reduzidas (3 fases) e densidades de alojamento de 2 aves/m² apresentaram melhores resultados de desempenho, produção de carne e rentabilidade. Outrora, estudos são necessários para a determinação de outros requerimentos técnicos para patos em confinamento.

The 15N natural abundance technique is one of those most easily applied ‘on farm’ to evaluate the contribution of biological N2 fixation (BNF) to legume crops. When proportional BNF inputs are high, the accuracy of this technique is highly dependent on an accurate estimate of the 15N abundance of the N derived from N2 fixation (the ‘B’ value). The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soybean variety on ‘B’ value. Plants of five soybean varieties were inoculated separately with two Bradyrhizobium strains (one Bradyrhizobium japonicum and one Bradyrhizobium elkanii) grown in pots of soil virtually free of bradyrhizobia capable of nodulating soybean. The proportion of N derived from BNF (%Ndfa) was estimated in separate pots where a small quantity of enriched 15N ammonium sulphate was added. The %Ndfa was then used with the 15N natural abundance data of the nodulated soybean and non-N2-fixing reference plants, to determine the ‘B’ value for each soybean variety/Bradyrhizobium association. The varieties nodulated by the B. japonicum strain showed significantly greater N content and %Ndfa than those nodulated by the B. elkanii strain, and in all cases the ‘B’ value of the shoot tissue (‘Bs’) was higher. The differences in ‘Bs’ values between varieties nodulated by the same Bradyrhizobium strain were insignificant, indicating that this parameter is influenced much more by the Bradyrhizobium strain than by the variety of the host plant.