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The investigation of inhibitory effect of the alcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum on the growth of Staph. aureus that was isolated from the skin infected in vitro have been studied. Ocimum basilicum was isolated using 95% ethanol. Out of which the percentage of extraction of 45% of weight of dried powder was prepared in ascending gradient concentrations of the alcoholic extract (10-100 mg/ml) and the effective one was selected by agar diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus. The diameters of the inhibition zones of the bacterial growth were increased parallel with the concentrations of the alcoholic extract concentrations. Low efficiency detected post using 10-20mg/ml concentrations, medium efficiency post using 40-60 mg / ml, whereas concentrations of 80- 100 mg/ ml were highly effective and influential against growth of the Staphylococcus aureus.

Naglaa A El-Sherbiny,1 Hatem Samir Shehata,2 Hanan Amer,2 Alaa Elmazny,2 Mohamed Masoud,1 Hanan Helmy,2 Nevin M Shalaby2 1Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt; 2Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt Background: The reported prevalence of headache disorders in Arab regions varies considerably between countries. This may be due to a lack of standardized survey instruments that capture the prevalence. Purpose of the study: Our goal was to construct and validate a structured headache questionnaire for Arabic-speaking headache patients to be used as an epidemiological survey instrument. Methods: We developed a culturally adapted interviewer-administered questionnaire in Arabic language comprising two sets of questions. The first set included personal and sociodemographic data together with a screening question regarding the presence of headaches over the last year. The second set was designed to define the type and pattern of headaches according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria (for subjects with “yes” answers on the screening question). Validation process took place in two phases through probability random sampling selected from 1,221 headache subjects collected in an epidemiological survey 3 (n=70) and 6 months (n=232) later. A detailed assessment of patients’ headaches was performed by neurologists (blinded from the questionnaire diagnosis) who clinically assessed the patients’ headache. Results: The validity of the questionnaire was tested in 232 subjects with a mean age of 41.2±10.9 years, 72.8% of whom were females. The mean time to complete the questionnaire was 8.4±1.7 minutes. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.903 (95% confidence interval: 0.875–0.925), the Cronbach κ coefficient was 0.775 (95% confidence interval: 0.682–0.837), and the percentage of agreement was 84.5%.Conclusion: Our results support the use of this comprehensive questionnaire as a valid tool for headache assessment among Arabic-speaking patients. Keywords: Arabic, Egypt, headache, questionnaire, validation

There is a limited knowledge about the predictors of anticoagulation control in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Furthermore, few reports addressed the role of time in therapeutic range (TTR) that could reflect the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation therapy. We aimed to assess factors that affect the quality of anticoagulation therapy utilizing TTR in patients with NVAF. A retrospective observational study was conducted for patients with NVAF who were maintained on warfarin >6 months at a tertiary cardiac care hospital. Patients were categorized according to the TTR status (≥65% vs.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are generated when activated neutrophils, driven by PAD4, release their DNA, histones, HMGB1, and other intracellular granule components. NETs play a role in acute pancreatitis, worsening pancreatic inflammation, and promoting pancreatic duct obstruction. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) inhibits NET formation; therefore, we investigated the impact of CQ mediated NET inhibition in murine models of pancreatitis and human correlative studies.Methods: L-arginine and choline deficient ethionine supplemented (CDE) diet models of acute pancreatitis were studied in wild type and PAD4−/− mice, incapable of forming NETs. Isolated neutrophils were stimulated to induce NET formation and visualized with fluorescence microscopy. CQ treatment (0.5 mg/ml PO) was initiated after induction of pancreatitis. Biomarkers of NET formation, including cell-free DNA, citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), and MPO-DNA conjugates were measured in murine serum and correlative human patient serum samples.Results: We first confirmed the role of NETs in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis by demonstrating that PAD4−/− mice had decreased pancreatitis severity and improved survival compared to wild-type controls. Furthermore, patients with severe acute pancreatitis had elevated levels of cell-free DNA and MPO-DNA conjugates, consistent with NET formation. Neutrophils from mice with pancreatitis were more prone to NET formation and CQ decreased this propensity to form NETs. CQ significantly reduced serum cell-free DNA and citrullinated histone H3 in murine models of pancreatitis, increasing survival in both models.Conclusions: Inhibition of NETs with CQ decreases the severity of acute pancreatitis and improves survival. Translating these findings into clinical trials of acute pancreatitis is warranted.

The aim of this study was to detect the cytogenetic effects of Dexamethazone drug by using head sperm abnormalities test on white mice (Musmusculus) fivety five male mice were used in this study, these animals were divided into five groups. The first was the negative control group while the second was treated with MMC as positive control, and the three groups (45 mice) treated with three doses (0.02, 0.04 ,0.08mg/kg.bw) from dexamethasone drug.The result refer that the dexamethasone cause increasing in many kind of head sperm abnormality (p

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially fatal condition allied with increased serotonergic activity in the central nervous system. There are published data reporting serotonin syndrome induced by either tramadol or fentanyl in combination with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adult patients; however, there are no reports of serotonin syndrome resulting from the combination of tramadol and fentanyl. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman who was admitted to cardiology service and who developed Mobitz Type II atrioventricular (AV) block after administration of oral tramadol and intravenous fentanyl.

Background. Adolescent obesity is a national epidemic that recently has been shown to increase risk for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) and is associated with an earlier age of PC onset. We hypothesized that PC patients who are overweight or obese at age 18 would have an earlier age of PC onset. Methods. Retrospective review of 531 patients in our PC registry was completed. Self-reported weight at age 18 and maximum lifetime weight were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) at age 18 (BMI-18) and maximum lifetime BMI. Results. Complete BMI and baseline covariate data was available in 319 PC patients. Mean age (in years) of PC diagnosis for patients whose BMI-18 was overweight (64.0) or obese (59.9) was significantly different when compared to patients with a normal BMI-18 (66.7). No significant difference was observed in the mean age of PC diagnosis in those patients who maintained a normal BMI-18 when compared to those patients who subsequently became overweight or obese (67.0 versus 66.6; p=0.65). Conclusions. An elevated BMI at age 18 is associated with an earlier age of PC onset and should be factored into determining the optimal age of beginning screening for patients at high risk for PC.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is known as carbohydrate intolerance first detected during pregnancy. Pregnancy is periods of intense hormonal changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible relation between the changes in serum hormones such as Luteinizing hormone (LH) , follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), Progesterone, and Prolactin with gestational diabetes mellitus. Thirty patients with gestational diabetes mellitus aged (22 -40) year attending the national center for treatment and research of diabetes/ AL-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad and 29 controls aged (20-39) year were participated. Hormonal tests including, FSH, LH, Progesterone, and Prolactin were detected by using Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) kits. The demographic characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus indicated that the most commonly affected age at (20-29) year (50%) ,60% of patients had Body Mass Index(BMI) at ≥ 30kg/m2+, 76.6% of patients at first trimester of pregnancy, 23.3% had previous abortion,60% at the first pregnancy ,and 46.6% of patients had urine protein with one plus. A highly significant increase (p≤0.001) in Fasting serum glucose(FSG), LH, FSH, progesterone, and prolactin were observed in sera of gestational diabetes mellitus patients in comparison to that of control pregnancy group. A non-significant correlation of FSG with age, BMI, LH, FSH, and progesterone were demonstrated. While a significant positive correlation of FBS with prolactin was found. It is conclude that higher prolactin level in pregnancy possibly played a role in gestational diabetes mellitus partly by impairing the functions of insulin, and result in hyperglycemia.

A large number of conditions can cause right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The aim of this paper is to report the sonographic abnormalities associated with right upper quadrant abdominal pain in a sample of 155 adult patients from Basrah. During the period from 1st of March to 1st of July 2013, 155 adult patients aged between 20 to 70 years (107 females, 48 males) with right upper quadrant abdominal pain were observed at The Port Hospital and private clinics in Basrah. A detailed medical history was taken and a thorough physical examination was made. All the patients were examined with abdominal ultrasound with aim of detecting any sonographic abnormalities that can help in the diagnosis and treatment of the patients. Eight patients had no sonographic abnormalities, 197 ultra-sonographic abnormalities were detected in 147 patients. Genito-urinary abnormalities were found in 95 patients, hepato-biliary abnormalities were found in 82 patients and gastrointestinal abnormalities were found in 20 patients. In conclusion, genito-urinary sonographic abnormalities found to be the most common sonographic abnormalities associated with upper quadrant abdominal pain as it were found in 95 patients (48%).

In this paper we shall prove that if a non-constant meromorphic function and its derivative share the value CM (IM) and if ( ), then either or ( ), where and are constants. These results give improvement and extension of the following result of Gundersen: if a non-constant meromorphic function and its derivative share two distinct values CM, then .

Background: Factor VIIa (recombinant) has an off-label use to control life-threatening bleeding that is refractory to other measures and was shown to decrease transfusion requirements. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of factor VIIa (recombinant) on blood transfusion requirements and coagulation parameters when used in patients whose bleeding was uncorrected by other means. The pharmacoeconomic impact for any discrepancy from our protocol was evaluated. Secondary outcomes included 4-hour and 28-day mortality, as well as safety of this agent in terms of thromboembolic complications. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who received recombinant-activated factor VII (rFVIIa) for uncontrolled bleeding from June 2008 to April 2011. The medical records of 33 patients were evaluated. Coagulation parameters and blood products were determined 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of rFVIIa, and the results compared. Patients were also screened for any thromboembolic complications. Results: Administration of rFVIIa reduced blood transfusion requirements and improved coagulation parameters significantly (P

In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, lamivudine is used as a first-line drug for antiretroviral therapy. Lamivudine is relatively nontoxic in nature, and it can also be used during pregnancy. Herein, we describe a 43-year-old, HIV-positive female hospitalized with maculopapular, pruritic rash that appeared first on the extremities and gradually spread with systemic symptoms such as fever and myalgia after lamivudine therapy.

The aim of this work is to present two results of a uniqueness theorem ofmeromorphic functions. The first result is an improvement and a generalization of [1, Theorem1] and the second result gives an improvement of [2, Theorem1].

Clomiphene citrate is a nonsteroidal estrogen analogue that is commonly used for ovulatory dysfunction in the treatment of female infertility. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe a relationship between clomiphene use and maculoerythematous rash and severe thrombocytopenia.

We report the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in an obese patient with renal insufficiency using pharmacokinetic equations, and comparing them with actual levels. A 47-year-old man with morbid obesity had a complicated hospital course with acute renal failure. Due to sputum growth of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin 1500 mg intravenously twice daily was given empirically. Peak and trough plasma concentrations were drawn at steady state. Based on levels, true pharmacokinetic parameters for the patient were calculated using equations. This revealed that calculating individual pharmacokinetic parameters using equations may be a valid tool for dosing vancomycin in obese patients with renal insufficiency.

Present study aimed to explore the ability of Trigonella foenium graceum (TFG) and Emblica officinalis (EO) extracts inducing the analgesic effect in comparison with diclofenac acid, Analgesic activity was assessed thermally as well as chemically induced pain by using hot plate test and formalin test. For hot plate experiment twenty albino mice were used of average weight 20g, randomly divided into four groups (5 each) and given TFG and EO extracts and diclofenac acid and mixture of TFG and EO orally at doses of 50mg/kg B.W, 250mg/kg B.W, 2mg/kg B.W and mixture of half doses of TFG and EO (25mg/kg B.W and 125mg/kg B.W respectively. TFG and EO extracts apart caused a significant increase in the reactive time to the thermal stimulus.For formalin experiment twenty five mice were used of average weight 20gm, randomly divided into five groups (5 each) and given TFG and EO extracts apart and mixture of half doses of both orally at same doses mentioned in hot plate experiment before the injection of 10 microliter ( μL) of 2% of formalin have showed a significant antinociceptive effect at the phases (early and late) and this may be attributed to their inhibitory effect on the nociceptive system and inflammatory mediators.