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61. The Effectiveness of an Instructional Design Training Program to Enhance Teachers' Perceived Skills in Solving Educational Problems

Author

Alsaleh, Nada

Abstract

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of a training program on the ADDIE instructional design model to enhance teachers' perceived skills in solving educational problems. The ADDIE training program is proposed to help teachers identify their educational problems and find systematic solutions to them. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed training program, action research with the quasiexperimental design was employed. Four groups, in total 77 in-service teachers, undertook a short-term training program on the ADDIE model. Data were collected through a pre and post self-assessment questionnaire that consisted of five sections regarding the primary ADDIE skills (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation), and open-ended questionnaires to understand teachers' expectations and attitudes toward this training program. The findings indicate that the post-self-assessment questionnaire scores were significantly higher than the pre self-assessment questionnaire scores. This study revealed that the ADDIE training program was highly effective in terms of improving teachers' ability to solve educational problems from teachers' perspectives. However, teachers indicated that they need more and longer-term training programs on these skills as well as longitudinal studies measuring these skills. Teachers suggested that this program be made a compulsory program for every pre and in-service teacher.

Published
2020

62. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Ridesourcing Services Differed Between Small Towns and Large Cities

Author

Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal

Subjects
Economics - General Economics, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced all modes of transportation. However, it is still unclear how the pandemic affected the demand for ridesourcing services and whether these effects varied between small towns and large cities. We analyzed over 220 million ride requests in the City of Chicago (population: 2.7 million), Illinois, and 52 thousand in the Town of Innisfil (population: 37 thousand), Ontario, to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ridesourcing demand in the two locations. Overall, the pandemic resulted in fewer trips in areas with higher proportions of seniors and more trips to parks and green spaces. Ridesourcing demand was adversely affected by the stringency index and COVID-19-related variables, and positively affected by vaccination rates. However, compared to Innisfil, ridesourcing services in Chicago experienced higher reductions in demand, were more affected by the number of hospitalizations and deaths, were less impacted by vaccination rates, and had lower recovery rates.

Published
2022
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66. Stroke in critically ill patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19: Disparities between low-middle and high-income countries

Author

Al-Dabbous, Tala, Alfoudri, Huda, Shamsah, Mohammed, Alfroukh, Khadeejeh, Bairmani, Zinah Aqeel Abdulzahra, Khalid, Khalid Jehad, Abukhalaf, Salsabeel M.A., Hadhoud, Mohammed Maher, Abdrabo, Mohamed Fouad, Fathi, Mohamed, Alhouri, Hasan, Shahla, Dr Hamza, Alhadad, Qamrah, Hanan, Matly, Elapavaluru, Subbarao, Berg, Ashley, Horn, Christina, Abdelhalim, Ahmed Reda Mohamed Elsayed, Amer, Amro Essam, Elnaggar, Cinderella Omar Rageh, Hassan, Ahmed Ayman, Abdelaziz, Ali, Abdelhalim, Mohamed, Orabi, Yehia Samir Shaaban Aly, Alaraji, Zinah A., Muhaisen, Mo'nes R., Almasri, Lana, Mustafa, Dana, Hamdan, Shaher, Al-Saba'a, Yousef, Dalloul, Zaina, Alkahlout, Mohammed, Jaber, Hamza, Aldabbourosama, Osama, Abdalhadi, Alaa Abdalfattah, Hussein, Aliae AR Mohamed, Emad, Zarief Kamel, Khaled, Sarah, Mohamed, Nouralsabah, Hassanin, Ebtisam, Hamdi, Abdelhafeez, Gamal, May, Emad, Ahmed, Ragab, Abdelrahman, Azizeldin, Mohammed G, Hamza, Almthani, Omer, Alsarrah Ali Mohammed, Fadl alla, Asgad Osman Abdalla, Abdallahrs, Asia Atif Abdelrahman, Eltayeb, Aml Ahmed, Alhasan, Maali khalid mohamed abdalla, Abdelgaum, Esraa Hassan, Ahmed, Aya Mustafa, Abdulbaqi, Lamees Adil, Mohammedelhassan, Omer Abdullah, Ahmed, Musaab Mohammed Mohammed, Ali, Maha TagElser Mohammed, Mayasi, Yunis, Schroll, Stephan, Meyer, Dan, Velazco, Jorge, Ploskanych, Ludmyla, Fikes, Wanda, Bagewadi, Rohini, Dao, Marvin, White, Haley, Laviena, Alondra Berrios, Ehlers, Ashley, Shalabi-McGuire, Maysoon, Witt, Trent, Grazioli, Lorenzo, Lorini, Luca, Grandin, E. Wilson, Nunez, Jose, Reyes, Tiago, O'Briain, Diarmuid, Hunter, Stephanie, Ramanan, Mahesh, Affleck, Julia, Veerendra, Hemanth Hurkadli, Rai, Sumeet, Russell-Brown, Josie, Nourse, Mary, Joseph, Mark, Mitchell, Brook, Tenzer, Martha, Abe, Ryuzo, Cho, Hwa Jin, Jeong, In Seok, Rahman, Nadeem, Kakar, Vivek, Tamimi, Ahmed, Zabalawi, Diala, Elhennawi, Mohamed, Ghisulal, Praveen, Malik, Sadaf, Brozzi, Nicolas, Mehkri, Omar, Krishnan, Sudhir, Duggal, Abhijit, Houltham, Stuart, Graf, Jerónimo, Diaz, Roderigo, Orrego, Roderigo, Delgado, Camila, González, Joyce, Sanchez, Maria Soledad, Piagnerelli, Michael, Sarrazin, Josefa Valenzuela, Zabert, Prof. Gustavo, Espinosa, Lucio, Delgado, Paulo, Delgado, Victoria, Rincón, Diego Fernando Bautista, Yanten, Angela Maria Marulanda, Duque, Melissa Bustamante, Brodie, Daniel, Abouelmagd, Khaled, Elhazmi, Alyaa, Al-Hudaib, Abdullah, Javidfar, Jeff, Callahan, Maria, Dong, Andy, D'Orleans, Charles Crepy, Taufik, M. Azhari, Wardoyo, Elizabeth Yasmin, Gunawan, Margaretha, Trisnaningrum, Nurindah S, Irawany, Vera, Rayhan, Muhammad, Panigada, Mauro, Pesenti, Antonio, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Colombo, Sebastiano, Martinet, Chiara, Florio, Gaetano, Antonelli, Massimo, Carelli, Simone, Grieco, Domenico L., Asaki, Motohiro, Hoshino, Kota, Salazar, Leonardo, Monsalve, Mary Alejandra Mendoza, Laffey, John, McNicholas, Bairbre, Cosgrave, David, Atif, Minha, Qutishat, Fadi, Laffey, Caoimhe, Van Der Walt, Michaeal, McCaffrey, Joseph, Bone, Allison, Trickey, Jemma, Horton, Michelle, Pearce, Stephanie, Salerno, Tania, Mohamed, Akram, Alhaddad, Salem, Bakeer, Baliad, Haitam, Shames, Shalabi, Laila, Ahmed, Mohammed Abodina, Hakeem, Yusuff, Winearls, James, Tallott, Mandy, Thomson, David, Joubert, Ivan, Arnold-Day, Christel, Piercy, Jenna, Smit, Richard van Zyl, Miller, Malcom, Seymour, Lisa, van Heyningen, Francois, Teyangesikayi, Gilbert, Fredericks, David, Hssain, Ali Ait, Aliudin, Jeffrey, Alqahtani, Al-Reem, Mohamed, Khoulod, Mohamed, Ahmed, Tan, Darwin, Villanueva, Joy, Zaqout, Ahmed, Labib, Ahmed, Kurtzman, Ethan, Ademi, Arben, Dobrita, Ana, Aoudi, Khadija El, Segura, Juliet, Giwangkancana, Gezy, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Osatnik, Javier, Joosten, Anne, Torres, Antoni, Yang, Minlan, Motos, Ana, Luna, Carlos, Arancibia, Francisco, Williams, Virginie, Noel, Alexandre, Luque, Nestor, Fantini, Marina, García, Ruth Noemi Jorge, Alvarez, Enrique Chicote, Greti, Anna, Ceccato, Adrian, Sanchez, Angel, Vazquez, Ana Loza, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Franch-Llasat, Diego, Tuazon, Divina, Amato, Marcelo, Cassimiro, Luciana, Pola, Flavio, Ribeiro, Francis, Fonseca, Guilherme, Dalton, Heidi, Desai, Mehul, Osborn, Erik, Deeb, Hala, Arcadipane, Antonio, Martucci, Gennaro, Panarello, Giovanna, Vitiello, Stefano, Bianco, Claudia, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Rossetti, Matteo, Cuffaro, Raffaele, Siddig, Nidhal, Cho, Sung-Min, Whitman, Glenn, Sayed, Marwan El, Mokhtar, Walaa, El-Shenawy, Eslam, Shimizu, Hiroaki, Moriyama, Naoki, Kim, Jae-Burm, Kitamura, Nobuya, Gebauer, Johannes, Yokoyama, Toshiki, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman, Buabbas, Sarah, Alamad, Esam, Alawadhi, Fatma, Alawadi, Kalthoum, Khalefa, Mohamed Ahmed, Ajeel, Nourah Ahmad Abdulaziz Al, Aly, Mohammad Fathy, Al-Saleh, Abdullah, Naanouh, Abdullah, Elshourbgy, Alaa Mohammed, Gad, Mohamed Yousef, ElRazaz, Rania Mohamed, Khadadah, Ibrahim, Almumin, Ahmed Mohammed, Altarakma, Hala, Albannay, Hasan, Alsaleh, Mohammed Kh, Radwan, Mahmoud Saad Abdallah, Saadallah, Islam Ahmed, Tanaka, Hiro, Hashimoto, Satoru, Yamazaki, Masaki, Oh, Tak-Hyuck, Epler, Mark, Forney, Cathleen, Kruse, Louise, Feister, Jared, Williamson, Joelle, Grobengieser, Katherine, Gnall, Eric, Golden, Sasha, Caroline, Mara, Shapiro, Timothy, Karaj, Colleen, Thome, Lisa, Sher, Lynn, Vanderland, Mark, Welch, Mary, McDermott, Sherry, Brain, Matthew, Mineall, Sarah, Unwin, Maria, Chen, Lixian, Trezise, Tarnya, McKeon, Laurie, Kimura, Dai, Brazzi, Luca, Sales, Gabriele, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Ogston, Tawnya, Nagpal, Dave, Fischer, Karlee, Lorusso, Roberto, van Bussell, Bas, De Piero, Maria Elena, Mariani, Silvia, Rangappa, Dr Rajavardhan, Shetty, Dr Rajesh Mohan, P, Sujin Rai, Ganesan, Argin, Tharwat, Samar, Esperatti, Mariano, Fuentes, Nora Angélica, Gonzalez, Maria Eugenia, Carton, Edmund G., Sen, Ayan, Palacios, Amanda, Rainey, Deborah, Samoukoviv, Gordan, Campisi, Josie, Durham, Lucia, Neumann, Emily, Seefeldt, Cassandra, Falcucci, Octavio, Emmrich, Amanda, Guy, Jennifer, Johns, Carling, Potzner, Kelly, Zimmermann, Catherine, Espinal, Angelia, Buchtele, Nina, Schwameis, Michael, Korhnfehl, Andrea, Brock, Roman, Staudinger, Thomas, Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne, Barnikel, Michaela, Antón, Sófia, Pawlikowski, Alexandra, Zaaqoq, Akram, Galloway, Lan Anh, Merley, Caitlin, Muftah, Mohamed, Nichol, Alistair, Csete, Marc, Quesada, Luisa, Saba, Isabela, Kasugai, Daisuke, Hiraiwa, Hiroaki, Tanaka, Taku, Marwali, Eva, Purnama, Yoel, Dewayanti, Santi Rahayu, Ardiyan, Juzar, Dafsah Arifa, Siagian, Debby, Chen, Yih-Sharng, Aldhalia, Amer, Ogino, Mark, Nasa, Prashant, Matthew, Christina, Majeed, Nimisha Abdul, Hafez, Wael, Ratsep, Indrek, Post, Andra-Maris, Sillaots, Piret, Krund, Anneli, Lehiste, Merili-Helen, Lepik, Tanel, Manetta, Frank, Mihelis, Effe, Sarmiento, Iam Claire, Narasimhan, Mangala, Varrone, Michael, Komats, Mamoru, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Harmon, Catherine, Satyapriya, S. Veena, Bhatt, Amar, Mokadam, Nahush A., Uribe, Alberto, Gonzalez, Alicia, Shi, Haixia, McKeown, Johnny, Pasek, Joshua, Fiorda, Juan, Echeverria, Marco, Moreno, Rita, Zakhary, Bishoy, Cavana, Marco, Cucino, Alberto, Foti, Giuseppe, Giani, Marco, Fumagalli, Benedetta, Chiumello, Davide, Castagna, Valentina, Dell'Amore, Andrea, Navalesi, Paolo, Shum, Hoi-Ping, Vuysteke, Alain, Usman, Asad, Acker, Andrew, Smood, Benjamin, Mergler, Blake, Sertic, Federico, Subramanian, Madhu, Sperry, Alexandra, Rizer, Nicolas, Burhan, Erlina, Rasmin, Menaldi, Akmal, Ernita, Sitompul, Faya, Lolong, Navy, Naivedh, Bhat, Erickson, Simon, Barrett, Peter, Dean, David, Daugherty, Julia, Loforte, Antonio, Khan, Irfan, Quraishi, Mohammed Abraar, DeSantis, Olivia, Nasrallah, Ahmad, So, Dominic, Kandamby, Darshana, Mandei, Jose M., Natanael, Hans, YudhaLantang, Eka, Lantang, Anastasia, Wijaya, Surya Oto, Jung, Anna, Ng, George, Ng, Wing Yiu, Ng, Pauline Yeung, Fang, Shu, Tabah, Alexis, Ratcliffe, Megan, Duroux, Maree, Alajeeli, Ahmed, Tarhabat, Ali, Adachi, Shingo, Nakao, Shota, Blanco, Pablo, Prieto, Ana, Sánchez, Jesús, Nicholson, Meghan, Butt, Warwick, Serratore, Alyssa, Delzoppo, Carmel, Janin, Pierre, Yarad, Elizabeth, Totaro, Richard, Coles, Jennifer, Pujo, Bambang, Balk, Robert, Vissing, Andy, Kapania, Esha, Hays, James, Fox, Samuel, Yantosh, Garrett, Mishin, Pavel, Adem, Safia, Yuliarto, Saptadi, Santoso, Kohar Hari, Djajalaksana, Susanthy, Fatoni, Arie Zainul, Fukuda, Masahiro, Liu, Keibun, Pelosi, Paolo, Battaglini, Denise, Robba, Chiara, Jiménez, Juan Fernando Masa, Bastos, Diego, Gaião, Sérgio, Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy, Cho, Young-Jae, Lee, Su Hwan, Kawasaki, Tatsuya, Munshi, Laveena, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Nitayavardhana, Prompak, Elagili, Mohamed Bashir, Salem, Talat Ahmed Abu, Seitz, Tamara, Arora, Rakesh, Kent, David, Marino, Daniel, Parwar, Swapnil, Cheng, Andrew, Miller, Jennene, Fujitani, Shigeki, Shimizu, Naoki, Madhok, Jai, Owyang, Clark, Buscher, Hergen, Reynolds, Claire, Abdurraouf, Abusalama, Kredan, Ali Abdulnasir, Haddud, Abdurrahman, Moharam, Saad, Maasikas, Olavi, Beljantsev, Aleksan, Mihnovits, Vladislav, Akimoto, Takako, Aizawa, Mariko, Horibe, Kanako, Onodera, Ryota, Hodgson, Carol, Burrell, Aidan, Young, Meredith, George, Timothy, Shekar, Kiran, McGuinness, Niki, Irvine, Lacey, Flynn, Brigid, Almjersah, Abdulrahman, Bakri, Ashraf, Endo, Tomoyuki, Sugiyama, Kazuhiro, Shimizu, Keiki, Fan, Eddy, Exconde, Kathleen, Ichiba, Shingo, Binnawara, Muhannud, Embarek, Hussein, Lussier, Leslie, Lotz, Gösta, Malfertheiner, Maximilian, Maier, Lars, Dreier, Esther, Kusumastuti, Neurinda Permata, McCloskey, Colin, Dabaliz, Al-Awwab, Elshazly, Tarek B, Smith, Josiah, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty S., Bielański, Piotr, Wille, Keith, Murthy, Srinivas, Parhar, Ken Kuljit S., Fiest, Kirsten M., Codan, Cassidy, Shahid, Anmol, Fayed, Mohamed, Evans, Timothy, Garcia, Rebekah, Gutierrez, Ashley, Song, Tae, Rose, Rebecca, Bennett, Suzanne, Richardson, Denise, Peek, Giles, Arora, Lovkesh, Rappapport, Kristina, Rudolph, Kristina, Sibenaller, Zita, Stout, Lori, Walter, Alicia, Herr, Daniel, Vedadi, Nazli, Bartlett, Robert, Thompson, Shaun, Hoffman, Julie, Ying, Xiaonan, Williams, Bailey, Sanchez, Emely, Akwani, Chika, Kennedy, Ryan, Elhadi, Muhammed, Griffee, Matthew, Mone, Mary, Ciullo, Anna, Kida, Yuri, Roca, Ricard Ferrer, Riera, JordI, Contreras, Sofia, Alegre, Cynthia, Kay, Christy, Fischer, Irene, Renner, Elizabeth, Taniguci, Hayato, Lee, James, Plotkin, Daniel, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Merson, Laura, Hartley, Emma, Lubis, Bastian, Ikeyama, Takanari, Mortada, Alshaymaa, Alhamad, Ameen, Mechi, Ahmed, Nadar, Islam Mohsen Ali Mohamed Hassan, Alyasiri, Mohammed Saleh, Elsaid, Muhammed Zainab Alghali, Bhaskar, Balu, Jung, Jae-Seung, McGuinness, Shay, Eastwood, Glenn, Marta, Sandra Rossi, Guarracino, Fabio, Gerle, Stacy, Coxon, Emily, Claro, Bruno, Aldressi, Wafa, Eleisawy, Mahmoud, Osama, Hasnaa, Loverde, Daniel, Patil, Namrata, Parrini, Vieri, McBride, Angela, Negaard, Kathryn, Ratsch, Angela, Abdelaziz, Ahmad, Uribe, Juan David, Peris, Adriano, Sanders, Mark, Emerson, Dominic, Kamal, Muhammad, Faida, Hamza, Povoa, Pedro, Francis, Roland, Cherif, Ali, Joseph, Sunimol, Nardo, Matteo Di, Heard, Micheal, Kyle, Kimberly, Blackwell, Ray A, OUYAHIA, Amel, Biston, Patrick, Jeong, Hye Won, Smith, Reanna, Prawira, Yogi, Garcia, Arturo Huerta, Salterain, Nahikari, Meyns, Bart, Elnasser, Muhammed, Moreno, Marsha, Walia, Rajat, Mehta, Amit, Schweda, Annette, Williams, Melissa, Amkhatirah, Emad, Kim, Kyung Hoon, Assad, Alexandra, Giraldo, Estefania, Karolak, Wojtek, Balik, Martin, Pocock, Elizabeth, Gajkowski, Evan, Bedair, Mohamed, Masafumi, Kanamoto, Barrett, Nicholas, Takeyama, Yoshihiro, Park, Sunghoon, Amin, Faizan, Andriyani, Fina Meilyana, Sudakevych, Serhii, Schnur, Janos, Vera, Magdalena, Cornejo, Rodrigo, Schwarz, Patrícia, Mardini, Ana Carolina, de Paula, Thais, Neto, Ary Serpa, Villoldo, Andrea, Colafranceschi, Alexandre Siciliano, Iglesias, Alejandro Ubeda, Granjean, Juan, Melro, Lívia Maria Garcia, Romualdo, Giovana Fioravante, Gaia, Diego, Souza, Helmgton, Galas, Filomena, Mendiluce, Rafael Máñez, Sosa, Alejandra, Martinez, Ignacio, Kurosawa, Hiroshi, Almoshantaf, Mohammad Badr, Salgado, Juan, Hugi-Mayr, Beate, Charbonneau, Eric, Barzilai, Vitor Salvatore, Monteiro, Veronica, de Souza, Rodrigo Ribeiro, Harper, Michael, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Adams, Celina, Brieva, Jorge, Khamees, Almu'atasim, Graige, Fadi, Supriatna, Moh, Nyale, George, Eltatar, Faisal Saleem, Fatani, Jihan, Baeissa, Husam, Masri, Ayman AL, Rabie, Ahmed, Hui, Mok Yee, Yamane, Masahiro, Jung, Hanna, Margaret, Ayorinde Mojisola, Nacpil, Newell, Ruck, Katja, Bakken, Rhonda, Jara, Claire, Felton, Tim, Berra, Lorenzo, Shah, Bobby, Chakraborty, Arpan, Cardona, Monika, Capatos, Gerry, Akkanti, Bindu, Orija, Abiodun, Jain, Harsh, Ito, Asami, Housni, Brahim, Low, Sennen, Iihara, Koji, Chavez, Joselito, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Zabert, Gustavo, Naidoo, Krubin, Seppelt, Ian, VanDyk, Marlice, MacDonald, Sarah, McGregor, Randy, Siebenaler, Teka, Flynn, Hannah, Lofton, Kristi, Aokage, Toshiyuki, Kvirkvelia, Bakar, Shigemitsu, Kazuaki, Moscatelli, Andrea, Fiorentino, Giuseppe, Baumgaertel, Matthias, Mba, Serge Eddy, Assy, Jana, Hutahaean, Amelya, Roush, Holly, Sichting, Kay A, Alessandri, Francesco, Burns, Debra, Alkhubouli, Taha Husayn, Salt, Gavin, Garabedian, Carl P., Millar, Jonathan, Sim, Malcolm, Mattke, Adrian, McAuley, Danny, Tadili, Jawad, Frenzel, Tim, Abuleil, Amro, Bar-Lavie, Yaron, Ortiz, Aaron Blandino, Stone, Jackie, Attokaran, Antony, Farquharson, Michael, Patel, Brij, Gunning, Derek, Baillie, Kenneth, Watson, Pia, Tamai, Kenji, Saaid, Ayoub, Anania, Pasquale, Sajinadiyasa, Gede Ketut, Kanyawati, Dyah, Salgado, Marcello, Sassine, Assad, Yudo, Bhirowo, McCaul, Scott, Lee, Bongjin, Lee, Sang Min, Afek, Arnon, Fattouh, Shimaa E, Iwashita, Yoshiaki, Fadlalmola, Hammad, Semedi, Bambang Pujo, Mansour, Noureldin Mohamed, Metiva, Jack, Van Belle, Nicole, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Al-Sadawi, Dr Mohammed, Kirakli, Cenk, Shimaa, Al-Touny, Ivatt, Lenny, Woon, Chia Yew, Kang, Hyun Mi, Smith, Timothy, James, Erskine, Al-Rawas, Nawar, Iwasaki, Yudai, Ashour, Hamza, King-Chung, Kenny Chan, Gudzenko, Vadim, Taccone, Fabio, Perdhana, Fajar, Lamarche, Yoan, Ribeiro, Joao Miguel, Bradic, Nikola, Van den Bossche, Klaartje, Lansink, Oude, Singh, Gurmeet, Debeuckelaere, Gerdy, Stelfox, Henry T., Yi, Cassia, Elia, Jennifer, Tribble, Thomas, Shankar, Shyam, Padmanabhan, Raj, Hallinan, Bill, Paoletti, Luca, Leyva, Yolanda, Fykuda, Tatuma, Badulak, Jenelle, Koch, Jillian, Janowaik, Lisa, Hackman, Amy, Hernandez, Deb, Osofsky, Jennifer, Donadello, Katia, Lawang, Aizah, Fine, Josh, Davidson, Benjamin, Vazquez, Andres Oswaldo Razo, Abdehaleem, Ibrahim, Kelly, Thu-Lan, Fanning, Jonathon, Premraj, Lavienraj, Porto, Diego Bastos, White, Nicole M., Bassi, Gianluigi Li, Suen, Jacky, and Fraser, John F.

Published
2024
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84. Investigating the Use of Data to Inform Instructional Leadership and Build Data-Use Capacity: Case Studies in Kuwaiti Context

Author

Alsaleh, Amal Abdulwahab

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate how data are used to inform instructional leadership practices in three Kuwaiti public schools, in addition to the factors that impact building data-use capacity. This study conducted three qualitative case studies in high-performing public schools. The findings reveal that data usage in the Kuwaiti schools facilitates the diagnosis and mentoring of students' academic performance, instructional supervision and change, and the establishment of new plans and activities. Furthermore, the factors helping and hindering the data-use capacity were also assessed.

Published
2023
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89. Gaming to learn, learning to game : language learning through massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs)

Author

Alsaleh, Ziyad, Wright, Vicky, and Zheng, Ying

Abstract

Massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) are predominately English language games with a mass number of active players worldwide. Although they are not designed for second language acquisition, research has shown that they can offer many opportunities for language learners to improve their second language. These include 1) Benefits of anonymity provided by personal avatars lowers language anxiety and other affective barriers to learning (Lee & Pass, 2014); 2) They are highly motivating venues for learner-centred autonomous learning(Chik, 2014); 3) They require communication in English language in order to advance in the game (Chotipaktanasook and Reinders, 2018); 4) They offer exposure to rich sources of written and oral target language input (Newgarden and Zheng, 2016); 5) They offer a collaborative environment leading to the possibility of co-construction of knowledge (Peterson, 2016); and 6) They provide access to contexts supporting peer-based learning (Rama et al., 2012). This research explores the advantages offered by MMORPGs in learning a second language. Data collection was separated into two phases: 1) interviews were conducted with English learners to investigate how they self-regulate their language learning whilst playing MMORPGs; and 2) observations and stimulated recalls were conducted to investigate how MMORPGs foster second language development. Findings highlighted the authentic social interactions conducted by participants while playing, how MMORPGs scaffold second language development, participants' perceived second language outcome from playing, their attitudes toward second language learning from MMORPGs, and how they self-regulate their second language learning whilst playing. When playing MMORPGs, data shows that players are playing for entertainment and are not always aware of the process of second language gain taking place. Thus, they learn to game. In other words, they are only learning the language to progress in the game. Whilst other players, although few, have a conscious aim of learning another language; thus, they game to learn. Evidently, no incentives were required to keep players engaged in the MMORPGs since they played them for enjoyment. Therefore, this thesis argues that MMORPGs are useful environments for second language learning.

Published
2022

90. Impact of the different Qirā'āt on English translations of the Qur'ān

Author

Alsaleh, Khadija Ibrahim A., Dickins, James, and Islam, Tajul

Abstract

This study is primarily concerned with the variant qirā'āt (i.e grammatical variations of the Quranic words/phrases) of the Qur'ān, and their impact on English translations of the Qur'ān. A key feature of this study is to identify the most significant grammatical differences between the different qirā'āt. To ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the data selected for this study, the researcher relies on traditional Islamic studies to justify and explain the different qirā'āt. Starting from the fact that current English translations of the Qur'ān tend to follow the riwāyah of Ḥafṣ, the form of recitation that has become predominant almost throughout the world at the present time, this study investigates fourteen English translations of the Qur'ān to find out whether the different qirā'āt are reflected in the translations and to examine to what extent they are consistent with the riwāyah of Ḥafṣ. Additionally, this research produces a comprehensive dataset of the āyāt that involve different qirā'āt. This study reveals that despite the typical semantic similarity between the denotative meanings of two or more different qirā'āt of a given word/phrase in the Qur'ān, semantic identity between qirā'āt is not the norm. It is evident that different qirā'āt have a significant impact on the Qur'ān linguistically and semantically. This study reveals that not all variant qirā'āt affect the translations of the Qur'ān to the same degree, in fact, in some cases the differences between the qirā'āt are lost in translation. Nevertheless, this thesis shows that considering the different qirā'āt will improve the accuracy and consistency of Qur'ān translations in one or more of the following ways: (i) clarifying any ambiguity that may appear in the Quranic text, (ii) providing two or more different meanings for the same āyah, all of these being correct and without any contradiction, (iii) providing the complete meaning of a given āyah, and (iv) removing any unacceptable interpretation that may emerge as a result of not considering the different qirā'āt of the Qur'ān. This study proposes that translation of the Qur'ān should be consistent with one particular riwāyah (that of Ḥafṣ for example), that this should be stated in the introduction or on the cover page of the translation, and that in cases where the Quranic words/phrases have several variant recitations, these should be presented in a footnote. This procedure, by presenting all the meanings based on the different qirā'āt of the Qur'ān, would allow the reader to appreciate the depth of meaning of the āyah, contribute to raising the reader's awareness of this significant feature of the Qur'ān, and the fact that despite several cases where the qirā'āt of the Qur'ān result in different words, styles, sentence structures and/or meanings, none of these differences contradicts one another.

Published
2022

91. Carbapenem and piperacillin-tazobactam prescribing in a hospital setting in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia : a mixed methodology study

Author

Alsaleh, Nada and Mullen, Alexander

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is spreading rapidly and is considered to be one of the greatest public threats worldwide. The inappropriate use of broadspectrum antimicrobials has contributed to the emergence of AMR. The WHO has developed Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification to support hospitals and countries in promoting the appropriate utilisation of antimicrobials. Studying broadspectrum antimicrobial utilisation and the determinants of broad-spectrum antimicrobial prescribing can assist in developing strategies and policies to improve the local prescribing practice for these agents. Aim: To evaluate the practices of broad-spectrum antimicrobial prescribing to provide potentially effective and feasible recommendations and interventions that will result in improvements in broad-spectrum antimicrobial prescribing practices in a hospital setting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was adopted. First, a quantitative, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, drug utilisation study, which included adult patient data on carbapenems (imipenem/cilastatin or meropenem) and piperacillin/tazobactam use retrieved from a hospital database for the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017, was conducted followed by a qualitative study of physicians' views and perceptions of broad-spectrum antimicrobial prescribing. The qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with 16 physicians to identify and explore the determinants of broad-spectrum antimicrobial prescribing practices, recommendations to improve practice and possible barriers. This study was carried out in a single tertiary care institution in the KSA. Results: A total of 2,871 patients received 5,250 courses of antimicrobial treatment with at least one of the studied broad-spectrum antimicrobials across 3,671 patient admissions over a two-year period. It was shown that 4,106 (82%) of broadspectrum antimicrobials were prescribed for empiric indications. Of the assessed prescriptions, only 2,787 (56.5%) were prescribed appropriately, with 2,142 (43.5%) deemed inappropriate. The three most common reasons for inappropriate empiric perceptions were: spectrum of activity was too broad 1029 (40%), antimicrobial used without a culture request 929 (36.2%), and failure of suitable antimicrobial deescalation 570 (22.2%). Interview findings identified key determinants of broadspectrum antimicrobial prescribing practices, including patient co-morbidities and clinical presentations, the unavailability of local guidelines, physicians' perceptions and attitudes toward broad-spectrum antimicrobials prescribing and several institutional constraints. Suggestions prioritised by physicians for improvements to the practice of prescribing broad-spectrum antimicrobials included education and training, monitoring and feedback, improved logistics of care and antimicrobial stewardship. Conclusion: This research adds to our knowledge on broad-spectrum antimicrobial prescribing practices and recommended intervention and strategies for improving the appropriateness of broad-spectrum antimicrobials prescribing in a hospital setting in the KSA. Implementing a multifaceted intervention can possibly improve antimicrobials prescribing practices. Educating physicians about the importance of antimicrobial stewardship practices could be considered. Moreover, introducing antimicrobial prescribing guidelines should be significant part of the intervention to improve the appropriate prescribing of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Both education and guidelines should consider the factors that influence physicians prescribing and involve physicians to impact effectively and positively on their inappropriate prescribing practices and reduce the risk of AMR.

Published
2022
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92. An investigation of europium β-diketonate complexes as spectral converters for solar cells

Author

Alsaleh, Ahmad Abdulkarim, Jones, Anita, and Robertson, Neil

Subjects
photovoltaic cells, luminescent down-shifting, luminescent solar concentrators, europium complexes, absorption window, fluorescence spectroscopy
Abstract

Photovoltaic technologies for solar energy conversion are promising routes to renewable energy generation. A major difficulty in improving photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency lies in the spectral mismatch between the energy distribution of photons in the incident solar spectrum and the bandgap of semiconductor materials. Luminescent downshifting (LDS) layers and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) offer a passive approach to utilise the short-wavelength portion of the solar spectrum by absorbing short-wavelength photons and re-emitting at longer wavelengths, where the external quantum efficiency of the photovoltaic device is high. β-Diketonate-based europium(III) complexes are promising candidates for use as spectral converters due to their high quantum yields, extended absorption window, large Stokes shift between the absorption and emission spectra and narrow emission bands in the red region. Two Eu(III) complexes have been synthesised, and their photophysical properties investigated: Eu(tta)3DPEPO and Eu(hfac)3DPEPO, where tta is 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone, hfac is hexafluoroacetylacetone, and DPEPO is bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide. The photophysical properties of the complexes were examined in the solution phase and in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) films. Both complexes exhibited favourable photophysical properties with total quantum yields in the range of 0.75 to 0.85. Co-doping europium complexes with light-harvesting organic chromophores were considered as a practical approach to cut the cost of the metal used and to extend the harvesting window in the UV region. The use of Förster resonance energy transfer to enhance ultraviolet excitation of the Eu(III) complexes in PMMA films co-doped with organic molecules was investigated. The absorption spectra of the chosen donors, DPEPO, indole, biphenyl, and p-terphenyl, complement those of the complexes, making them useful in harvesting high-energy photons in the 250-320 nm region. Examination of the excitation spectra of the europium complexes in the presence and absence of the donors showed that, in each case, an enhancement in UV excitation of the Eu(III) complex was observed, except for Eu(hfac)3DPEPO co-doped with indole. The energy transfer efficiencies of the different donors were determined. DPEPO had the highest energy transfer efficiency for each complex, 33% and 38% for Eu(tta)3DPEPO and Eu(hfac)3DPEPO, respectively. Preliminary solar testing experiments of Eu(tta)3DPEPO and Eu(tta)3DPEPO co-doped with DPEPO were conducted to evaluate their practical performance as spectral converters on c-Si solar cells. Results showed an improvement in the short-circuit current density and the external quantum yield of the device. The role of an optically active host material in LDS layers and LSCs applications was considered in terms of their photophysical properties. The photoactive nature of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and its unique photophysical properties were discussed. The use of PVK as an active host for Eu(hfac)3DPEPO and Eu(tta)3DPEPO was investigated. It was determined that energy transfer to the complexes occurs from the carbazole monomer excited state, not from the emitting excimer species. Thus, in PVK doped with the europium complexes, each complex acts as a trap for the migrating monomer excitons. Energy transfer from PVK to Eu(hfac)3DPEPO was found to occur with an efficiency of ~15% and appeared to be independent of complex concentration over the range of 2.5 to 16 wt%. However, absorption by the PVK matrix competes with direct excitation of the complex, resulting in an overall depletion in excitation intensity rather than the desired enhancement. It was predicted that if the energy transfer efficiency could be increased to 50% ere would be a substantial enhancement of the excitation intensity over the majority of the wavelength range. In contrast, for Eu(tta)3DPEPO, the use of PVK as a matrix was found to give a beneficial enhancement in excitation intensity. The energy transfer efficiency from PVK to the complex was found to be ~20%, similar to that found for energy transfer in Eu(hfac)3DPEPO. The effect of varying the PVK matrix concentration on energy transfer to Eu(tta)3DPEPO was investigated. The effect of adding co-dopant organic chromophores to Eu(tta)3DPEPO in the PVK matrix was also investigated. A multistep energy transfer process can be proposed to explain the enhancement in the excitation intensity by DPEPO and biphenyl. In summary, the thesis reports the synthesis and photophysical characterisations of two europium complexes in the solution phase and PMMA for spectral converters applications. Co-doping the europium complexes with organic chromophores was investigated, and energy transfer process efficiencies were determined and analysed. The most efficient system was coupled to a c-Si solar cell for solar testing and evaluation. The role of an optically active polymer in transferring energy to the europium complexes and to the Eu(tta)3DPEPO co-doped with organic molecules was discussed, and energy transfer processes were proposed and analysed.

Published
2022
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93. An investigation into vocabulary learning, vocabulary learning strategies and mind mapping use among Saudi tertiary EFL students

Author

Alsaleh, Ashah Abdullah A., Durrant, Philip, and Zhang, Dongbo

Subjects
Vocabulary Learning, Vocabulary Learning Strategies, Mind Maps
Abstract

This thesis aims to explore a range of issues in learning vocabulary in one Saudi university. First, to explore learners' attitudes towards vocabulary learning and vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs). Second, to examine the effectiveness of using the mind-map strategy on students' achievement in learning different aspects of word knowledge. Furthermore, it aims to explore learners' attitudes towards using the mind-map strategy as a vocabulary learning strategy. A mixed-methods design was used, with both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine students from the experimental group in order to investigate their attitudes towards vocabulary learning and vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs). With regard to the quantitative method, pre and post-intervention tests were used to investigate the impact of mind map strategy on students' learning vocabulary followed by semi-structured interviews to investigate students' experiences of using mind map strategy in learning vocabulary during the intervention. The participants in the quasi-experimental study were 97 students divided into two groups; the experimental group consists of 50 students and the control group of 47 students. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, and quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical procedures. Qualitative findings indicated that students are aware of the importance of vocabulary, emphasising that vocabulary is essential for novice learners of English. However, the results showed that the participants lacked knowledge about word aspects. Most students just focussed on the meaning of the words when they learned new words. Furthermore, they faced difficulties and challenges in learning vocabulary. The results revealed that motivation and strategy training were two main factors that might affect students' learning of vocabulary and strategy use. Moreover, it also showed that the participants were not very aware of VLSs and used a very limited number of VLSs, as they focussed mainly on using a bilingual dictionary and writing down the new words in a notebook. Statistical findings revealed that the experimental groups who were learning vocabulary through a mind map outperformed the students in the control groups who were learning the same words in the context of vocabulary instruction but using traditional techniques. Finally, the results of the qualitative findings revealed a positive attitude towards learning vocabulary via mind maps among participants. Based on the data analysis findings, the study offers several significant recommendations for further research and highlights implications for language teachers, students and curriculum designers.

Published
2022

95. Teaching Critical Thinking Skills: Literature Review

Author

Alsaleh, Nada J.

Abstract

Critical Thinking (CT) has been recognized as one of the most important thinking skills and one of the most important indicators of student learning quality. In order to develop successful critical thinkers, CT must be incorporated into the curriculum content and teaching approaches and sequenced at all grade levels. This research provides a systematic review of the extant literature on teaching CT skills. The comprehensive review led to the building of a conceptual framework that discusses the four main debates among the researchers engaged in the field of teaching CT. One of these debates; can technology promote students CT skills? Overall, the study of actual practices indicates that teaching approaches tend to focus on subject content rather than CT development. The results indicate a gap in teaching CT skills in terms of innovative methods and particularly in the use of new technologies. They also highlight the need for further research that investigates new approaches for teaching CT skills.

Published
2020

96. The Influence of Heads of Departments' Instructional Leadership, Cooperation, and Administrative Support on School-Based Professional Learning in Kuwait

Author

Alsaleh, Amal Abdulwahab

Abstract

This article investigates the influence of head of department instructional leadership, collegial cooperation, and school administration support on the perspectives of 649 teachers in Kuwait toward school-based professional learning. The study used a quantitative questionnaire, and teachers expressed positive school-based learning experiences. The multiple regression analysis revealed that this learning was significantly related to collegial cooperation, head of department instructional leadership, and school administrative support. The results of the study contribute to understanding the way that instructional leadership, cooperation, and school administration support interact and contribute to teachers' school-based professional learning.

Published
2022
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