86 results on '"Ali Tan Kee Zuan"'
Search Results
52. Thin layer drying kinetics and quality dynamics of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) treated with preservatives and solar dried under different temperatures
- Author
-
Abdul Khaliq, Wen-Fang Li, Shahbaz Ali, Syed Tanveer Shah, Zong-Huan Ma, Juan Mao, Yasir Niaz, Bai-Hong Chen, Inzamam Ul Haq, Rashid Al-Yahyai, Mohamed A. A. Ahmed, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohamed S. Elshikh, and Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Subjects
Kinetics ,Multidisciplinary ,Fruit ,Temperature ,Ascorbic Acid ,Vitamins ,Diospyros ,Citric Acid - Abstract
Poor postharvest handling, microbial infestation, and high respiration rate are some the factors are responsible for poor storage life of perishable commodities. Therefore, effective preservation of these commodities is needed to lower the damages and extend shelf life. Preservation is regarded as the action taken to maintain desired properties of a perishable commodity as long as possible. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is perishable fruit with high nutritive value; however, has very short shelf-life. Therefore, effective preservation and drying is needed to extend its storage life. Drying temperature and preservatives significantly influence the quality of perishable vegetables and fruits during drying. The current study investigated the effect of different temperatures and preservatives on drying kinetics and organoleptic quality attributes of persimmon. Persimmon fruits were treated with preservatives (25% honey, 25% aloe vera, 2% sodium benzoate, 1% potassium metabisulfite, and 2% citric acid solutions) under different drying temperatures (40, 45, and 50°C). All observed parameters were significantly affected by individual effects of temperatures and preservatives, except ash contents. Similarly, interactive effects were significant for all parameters except total soluble sugars, ash contents, and vitamin C. Generally, fruits treated with citric acid and dried under 50°C had 8.2% moisture loss hour-1, 14.9 drying hours, 0.030 g H2O g-1 hr-1, 1.23° Brix of total soluble solids, 6.71 pH, 1.35% acidity, and 6.3 mg vitamin C. These values were better than the rest of the preservatives and drying temperatures used in the study. Therefore, treating fruits with citric acid and drying at 50°C was found a promising technique to extend storage life of persimmon fruits. It is recommended that persimmon fruits dried at 50°C and preserved in citric acid can be used for longer storage period.
- Published
- 2021
53. Chemical and Microbial Characterization of Washed Rice Water Waste to Assess Its Potential as Plant Fertilizer and for Increasing Soil Health
- Author
-
Tan Ngai Paing, Nurul Izzati Mat Akhir, Christopher Teh Boon Sung, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, and Abba Nabayi
- Subjects
Denitrification ,Population ,engineering.material ,Nutrient ,Animal science ,food ,wash rice water ,bacteria ,fermentation ,water to rice ratio ,nutrients contents ,soil amendments ,education ,Soil health ,education.field_of_study ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Rice water ,food.food ,Soil conditioner ,engineering ,Fermentation ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The wastewater from washed rice water (WRW) is often recommended as a source of plant nutrients in most Asian countries, even though most current research on WRW lack scientific rigor, particularly on the effects of rice washing intensity, volumetric water-to-rice ratio (W:R), and condition of the WRW before plant application. This research was thus carried out: (1) to determine how various rice washing intensities, fermentation periods (FP), and W:R would affect the nutrient content in WRW, and (2) to isolate, identify, and characterize the bacterial community from fermented WRW. The WRW was prepared at several rice washing intensities (50, 80, and 100 rpm), FP (0, 3, 6, and 9 days), and W:R (1:1, 3:1, and 6:1). The concentrations of all elements (except P, Mg, and Zn) and available N forms increased with increasing FP and W:R. Beneficial N-fixing and P- and K-solubilizing bacteria were additionally detected in WRW, which helped to increase the concentrations of these elements. Monovalent nutrients NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and K are soluble in water. Thus, they were easily leached out of the rice grains and why their concentrations increased with W:R. The bacteria population in WRW increased until 3 days of fermentation, then declined, possibly because there was an insufficient C content in WRW to be a source of energy for bacteria to support their prolonged growth. While C levels in WRW declined over time, total N levels increased then decreased after 3 days, where the latter was most possibly due to the denitrification and ammonification process, which had led to the increase in NH4+-N and NO3−-N. The optimum FP and W:R for high nutrient concentrations and bacterial population were found to be 3 to 9 days and 3:1 to 6:1, respectively. WRW contained nutrients and beneficial bacterial species to support plant growth.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. Co-Inoculation of Bacillus spp. for Growth Promotion and Iron Fortification in Sorghum
- Author
-
Vadlamudi Srinivas, Hazem S. Kassem, Mansani Manasa, Bee Hameeda, Maizatulakmal Yahayu, Hesham A. El Enshasy, Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan, R. Z. Sayyed, Polapally Ravinder, and Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Subjects
plant growth promotion ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Biofortification ,Bacillus cereus ,TJ807-830 ,consortium ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,biofortification ,GE1-350 ,Bacillus mojavensis ,Coscinium fenestratum ,Rhizosphere ,biology ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Inoculation ,fungi ,Bacillus ,food and beverages ,Sorghum ,biology.organism_classification ,Environmental sciences ,Horticulture ,Shoot ,sorghum - Abstract
Seven Bacillus spp. isolated from the marine water and the rhizosphere of the medicinal plant Coscinium fenestratum were studied to produce plant growth promotion (PGP) traits invitro. Among the seven isolates, MMRH22 and RHPR20 produced copious amounts of PGP traits. Based on the 16S rRNA sequence, the two potent bacterial isolates, RHPR20 and MMRH22, were identified as Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus cereus, respectively. A compatibility test between the isolates RHPR20 and MMRH22 revealed they are compatible and can be used as a consortium. Both isolates were evaluated for the plant growth promotion and the biofortification of sorghum under greenhouse conditions. Treatments included the application of MMRH22, RHPR20, their consortium (RHPR20 + MMRH22), and an uninoculated control. Inoculation with bacterial cultures resulted in a significant increase in the plant height, the number of leaves, the leaf area, the root, shoot, and leaf weight, and the yield of sorghum at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The scanning electron micrograph of the sorghum plant roots revealed extensive colonization in the plants treated with the bacterial cultures compared to the uninoculated control. The sorghum grains obtained after final harvest were analyzed for their nutrient content by ICP–OES. The biofortification in sorghum grains was varied and was found to enhance the iron content up to 97%. This study revealed that treatments with microbial consortia enhance plant growth, yield, and iron content, which could combat nutrient deficiencies in plants and humans.
- Published
- 2021
55. CaWRKY30 Positively Regulates Pepper Immunity by Targeting CaWRKY40 against Ralstonia solanacearum Inoculation through Modulating Defense-Related Genes
- Author
-
Shahzadi Mahpara, Zhiqin Liu, Bandar S. Aljuaid, Mohammed Albaqami, Mohamed A A Ahmed, Shahid Farooq, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Ansar Hussain, Muhammad Ifnan Khan, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, and Ijaz Rasool Noorka
- Subjects
QH301-705.5 ,Ralstonia solanacearum ,Biology ,Catalysis ,Article ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immunity ,WRKY TFs ,CaWRKY30 ,Pepper ,Gene silencing ,Biology (General) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Transcription factor ,Abscisic acid ,Spectroscopy ,Organic Chemistry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,WRKY protein domain ,chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,Chemistry ,chemistry - Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) network is composed of WRKY TFs’ subset, which performs a critical role in immunity regulation of plants. However, functions of WRKY TFs’ network remain unclear, particularly in non-model plants such as pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). This study functionally characterized CaWRKY30—a member of group III Pepper WRKY protein—for immunity of pepper against Ralstonia solanacearum infection. The CaWRKY30 was detected in nucleus, and its transcriptional expression levels were significantly upregulated by R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI), and foliar application ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA). Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaWRKY30 amplified pepper’s vulnerability to RSI. Additionally, the silencing of CaWRKY30 by VIGS compromised HR-like cell death triggered by RSI and downregulated defense-associated marker genes, like CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaABR1, CaHIR1, and CaWRKY40. Conversely, transient over-expression of CaWRKY30 in pepper leaves instigated HR-like cell death and upregulated defense-related maker genes. Furthermore, transient over-expression of CaWRKY30 upregulated transcriptional levels of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40. On the other hand, transient over-expression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40 upregulated transcriptional expression levels of CaWRKY30. The results recommend that newly characterized CaWRKY30 positively regulates pepper’s immunity against Ralstonia attack, which is governed by synergistically mediated signaling by phytohormones like ET, ABA, and SA, and transcriptionally assimilating into WRKY TFs networks, consisting of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40. Collectively, our data will facilitate to explicate the underlying mechanism of crosstalk between pepper’s immunity and response to RSI.
- Published
- 2021
56. Gamma rays induced genetic variability in tomato (
- Author
-
Syed, Ali Zafar, Muhammad, Aslam, Mohammed, Albaqami, Awais, Ashraf, Arbaz, Hassan, Junaid, Iqbal, Amir, Maqbool, Muhammad, Naeem, Rashid, Al-Yahyai, and Ali, Tan Kee Zuan
- Abstract
The present study assessed the effectiveness of gamma radiation in inducing favorable genetic variability in tomato (
- Published
- 2021
57. Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Growth, Yield, Nodulation and Nutritional Composition of Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]
- Author
-
Mahmudul Hasan, Ahmad Numery Ashfaqul Haque, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed, Md. Kamal Uddin, and Mst. Motmainna
- Subjects
Nutritional composition ,Phosphorus ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,Nitrogen ,food.food ,food ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Vigna subterranea - Abstract
Background: Bambara groundnut is an edible legume that is highly nutritious. This study was carried out to find the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on the growth, yield, nodulation, the proximate and nutritional composition of bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]. Methods: During the period of 2018, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Ladang 15, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Different rates of N and P fertilizer were used. Kjeldahl method and HPLC, respectively, determined the protein and amino acid content in seed. Result: N and P fertilizer were found to play a dominating role in increasing the vegetative growth and yield of the plant. Plant height (20.65a), pod number (45.75a) and harvest index (41.61a) increased significantly with the application of N30 + P60 kg ha-1. Application of N30P60 kg ha-1 significantly influenced nodulation and nitrogen yield. Protein, fibre, Mg and amino acid content increased with N30P60 kg ha-1. The application of N30P60 mg kg-1 has increased the growth, yield, nodulation, proximate and nutritional composition of bambara groundnut.
- Published
- 2021
58. Prevalence and management of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in different wheat genotypes and their impact on yield and related traits
- Author
-
Khuram Zia, Milton Wainwright, Omaima Nasif, Muhammad Saleem, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Ayesha Iftikhar, Muhammad Farooq, Shahbaz Ali, Muneer Abbas, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Faisal Hafeez, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Muhammad Arshad, and Yunzhou Li
- Subjects
Insecticides ,Economics ,Social Sciences ,Tiller (botany) ,Plant Science ,medicine.disease_cause ,Geographical Locations ,Sitobion avenae ,Pakistan ,Triticum ,Aphid ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Plant Anatomy ,Eukaryota ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Aphididae ,Plants ,Insects ,Horticulture ,Phenotype ,Wheat ,Seeds ,Medicine ,Agrochemicals ,Research Article ,Asia ,Arthropoda ,Science ,Population ,Crops ,Insect Control ,Crop ,Rhopalosiphum padi ,Infestation ,medicine ,Animals ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Grasses ,Pest Control, Biological ,education ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,Invertebrates ,Aphids ,People and Places ,Pest Control ,Zoology ,Entomology ,Crop Science ,Cereal Crops - Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is significantly altered by the infestation of sucking insects, particularly aphids. Chemical sprays are not recommended for the management of aphids as wheat grains are consumed soon after crop harvests. Therefore, determining the susceptibility of different wheat genotypes and selecting the most tolerant genotype could significantly lower aphid infestation. This study evaluated the susceptibility of six different wheat genotypes (‘Sehar-2006’, ‘Shafaq-2006’, ‘Faisalabad-2008’, ‘Lasani-2008’, ‘Millat-2011’ and ‘Punjab-2011’) to three aphid species (Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, Sitobion avenae Fabricius) at various growth stages. Seed dressing with insecticides and plant extracts were also evaluated for their efficacy to reduce the incidence of these aphid species. Afterwards, an economic analysis was performed to compute cost-benefit ratio and assess the economic feasibility for the use of insecticides and plant extracts. Aphids’ infestation was recorded from the seedling stage and their population gradually increased as growth progressed towards tillering, stem elongation, heading, dough and ripening stages. The most susceptible growth stage was heading with 21.89 aphids/tiller followed by stem elongation (14.89 aphids/tiller) and dough stage (13.56 aphids/tiller). The genotype ‘Punjab-2011’ recorded the lower aphid infestation than ‘Faisalabad-2008’, ‘Sehar-2006’, ‘Lasani-2008’ and ‘Shafaq-2006’. Rhopalosiphum padi appeared during mid-February, whereas S. graminum and S. avenae appeared during first week of March. Significant differences were recorded for losses in number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight among tested wheat genotypes. The aphid population had non-significant correlation with yield-related traits. Hicap proved the most effective for the management of aphid species followed by Hombre and Husk among tested seed dressers, while Citrullus colocynthis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. plant extracts exhibited the highest efficacy among different plant extracts used in the study. Economic analysis depicted that use of Hombre and Hicap resulted in the highest income and benefit cost ratio. Therefore, use of genotype Punjab-2011’ and seed dressing with Hombre and Hicap can be successfully used to lower aphid infestation and get higher economic returns for wheat crop.
- Published
- 2021
59. The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
- Author
-
Khawar Jabran, Muhammad Shahzad, Bandar S. Aljuaid, Shahid Farooq, Maria Barboricova, Muhammad Farooq, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Kristina Gasparovic, and Mubshar Hussain
- Subjects
biology ,fungi ,Sowing ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Crop rotation ,respiratory system ,Sorghum ,biology.organism_classification ,Weed control ,Crop ,crop rotation ,Agronomy ,wheat ,parasitic diseases ,allelopathy ,weeds ,Seedbed ,Weed ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Allelopathy ,weed management - Abstract
Weed infestations significantly reduce the growth and yield of field crops. Herbicides are mostly used for weed management due to their quick results. However, resistant biotypes to available herbicides are rapidly increasing around the word. This situation calls for the development of alternative weed management strategies. Crop rotation and allelopathic water extracts are regarded as the most important alternative weed management strategies. Therefore, this two-year study assessed the impact of different annual crop rotations by weed management strategies’ interactions on weed infestation and productivity of wheat crop. Wheat was planted in five rotations, i.e., (i) fallow-wheat, (ii) rice-wheat, (iii) cotton-wheat, (iv) mungbean-wheat and (v) sorghum-wheat. The weed management strategies included in the study were, (i) false seedbed, (ii) application of 12 L ha−1 allelopathic plant water extracts (1:1:1:1 ratio of sorghum, sunflower, mulberry and eucalyptus), (iii) herbicide application, (iv) weed-free (weed control) and (v) weedy-check (no weed control). Herbicide application was the most effective treatment in lowering weed densities and biomass during both years followed by false seedbed, while allelopathic crop water extracts were least effective. The lowest weed infestation was noted in sorghum-wheat rotation followed by cotton-wheat and mungbean-wheat, while fallow-wheat had the highest weed infestation. Weedy-check treatment caused significant reduction in wheat growth and yield, whereas the highest grain yield was recorded from weed-free and herbicide application treatments. Grain yield of wheat planted after sorghum was suppressed, however, yield improved when wheat was planted after mungbean. Planting wheat after mungbean in a weed-free environment, achieved through chemical and/or mechanical means, is the best strategy to obtain higher wheat yields.
- Published
- 2021
60. The impact of different biochars on Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB) suppression and productivity of onion (Allium cepa L.)
- Author
-
Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Saqer S. Alotaibi, Muhammad Ifnan Khan, Ansar Hussain, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Sarmad Fawaz, Abdullah M. Al-Sadi, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah, Rahmat Ullah Shah, Mehmet Ertugrul Guldur, and Rehmat Ullah
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Allium cepa ,Science (General) ,biology ,fungi ,Sowing ,food and beverages ,Stemphylium leaf blight ,Straw ,biology.organism_classification ,Manure ,Crop ,Biochar ,Q1-390 ,Poultry litter ,Agronomy ,Allium ,Blight ,Disease severity - Abstract
Objectives Onion is a highly consumed vegetable crop in many countries, being a vital component of every dish. Recent studies indicated that different plant residues’ and animal manure-based biochars have strong impacts on the growth and development of plants. However, the impact of these biochars on disease suppression remains elusive. Therefore, this two-year study assessed the impact of animal and plant residues-based biochars on the suppression of Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB) of onion and productivity of the crop. Methods Three pyrolyzed biochars cotton sticks, wheat straw and poultry litter) were used in the study. Biochars were prepared in the laboratory and applied to soil prior to crop sowing in same concentration during both years of study. Results Poultry litter biochar had the highest impact on allometric traits and productivity of onion, and successfully reduced SLB severity. The control treatment had the lowest productivity and the highest disease severity during both years of the study. The remaining biochars (cotton sticks and wheat straw) had moderate influence on growth and development of onion plants. The disease severity was higher compared to poultry litter; however, it was lower in both biochars than control treatment. It is concluded that different animal and plant residues-based biochars could be used to improve plant health. Nonetheless, the response of these biochars will be crop-specific. Conclusion Poultry litter biochar can be successfully used to suppress SLB in onion and productivity of the crop. Nevertheless, the actual mechanisms involved in disease suppression warrant further investigation.
- Published
- 2021
61. The impact of different plant extracts on population suppression of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) yield under field conditions
- Author
-
Yasir Niaz, Omaima Nasif, Shahbaz Ali, Mehmet Mamay, Milan Skalicky, Yunzhou Li, Waseem Abbas, Inzamam Ul Haq, Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Tahir Farooq, Mohamad Javed Ansari, and Muhammad Musa Khan
- Subjects
Insecticides ,Science ,Population ,Fruit Crops ,Crops ,Plant Science ,Helicoverpa armigera ,Moths ,Lycopersicon ,Fruits ,Crop ,Pests ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Tomatoes ,Yield (wine) ,Pepper ,Animals ,Pakistan ,education ,Garlic ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Azadirachta ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,Plant Anatomy ,fungi ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Eukaryota ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Pesticide ,Plants ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,Larva ,Seeds ,Insect Pests ,Medicine ,PEST analysis ,Pest Control ,Agrochemicals ,Capsicum ,Research Article ,Crop Science - Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is a destructive pest of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) crop in Pakistan. Although insecticides are the primary management strategy used to control H. armigera, most of them are not effective due to considerable toxic residual effects on the fruits. Nonetheless, H. armigera is rapidly evolving resistance against the available pesticides for its management. This situation calls upon the need of alternative management options against the pest. Different plant extracts have been suggested as a viable, environment-friendly option for plant protection with minimal side effects. Furthermore, the plant extracts could also manage the insect species evolving resistance against pesticides. This study evaluated the efficacy of different plant extracts (i.e., Neem seed, turmeric, garlic and marsh pepper) against H. armigera. Furthermore, the impact of the plant extracts on growth and yield of tomato crop was also tested under field conditions. The results revealed that all plant extracts resulted in higher mortality of H. armigera compared to control. Similarly, the highest plant height was observed for the plants treated with the plant extracts compared to untreated plants. Moreover, the highest tomato yield was observed in plants treated with plant extracts, especially with neem seed (21.013 kg/plot) followed by pepper extract (19.25 kg/plot), and garlic extract 18.4 kg/plot) compared to the untreated plants (8.9 kg/plot). It is concluded that plant extracts can be used as eco-friendly approaches for improving tomato yield and resistance management of H. armigera.
- Published
- 2021
62. Multifarious Indigenous Diazotrophic Rhizobacteria of Rice (
- Author
-
Mohammad Imran, Mir, Bee, Hameeda, Humera, Quadriya, B Kiran, Kumar, Noshin, Ilyas, Ali Tan, Kee Zuan, Hesham Ali, El Enshasy, Daniel Joe, Dailin, Hazem S, Kassem, Abdul, Gafur, and R Z, Sayyed
- Subjects
plant growth promotion ,diazotrophic rhizobacteria ,biofilm formation ,food and beverages ,rice rhizosphere ,antagonism ,Nutrition ,Original Research - Abstract
A diverse group of rhizobacteria persists in the rhizospheric soil, on the surface of roots, or in association with rice plants. These bacteria colonize plant root systems, enhance plant growth and crop yield. Indigenous rhizobacteria are known to promote soil health, grain production quality and serve as sustainable bioinoculant. The present study was aimed to isolate, identify and characterize indigenous plant growth promoting (PGP) diazotrophic bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of rice fields from different areas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. A total of 15 bacteria were isolated and evaluated for various PGP traits, antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, production of hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm formation under in-vitro conditions. The majority of the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative. Out of 15 bacterial isolates, nine isolates produced IAA (12.24 ± 2.86 to 250.3 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 6 isolates exhibited phosphate solubilization activity (36.69 ± 1.63 to 312.4 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 7 isolates exhibited rock phosphate solubilization while 5 isolates solubilized zinc (10–18 mm), 7 isolates showed siderophore production, 8 isolates exhibited HCN production, 6 isolates exhibited aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, 13 isolates exhibited cellulase activity, nine isolates exhibited amylase and lipase activity and six isolates exhibited chitinase activity. In addition, 5 isolates showed amplification with the nifH gene and showed a significant amount of nitrogenase activity in a range of 0.127–4.39 μmol C2H4/mg protein/h. Five isolates viz., IHK-1, IHK-3, IHK-13, IHK-15 and IHK-25 exhibited most PGP attributes and successfully limited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in-vitro. All the five bacterial isolates were identified based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequencing study, as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Ochrobactrum haematophilum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rice plants developed from seeds inoculated with these PGP strains individually had considerably higher germination percentage, seed vigor index and total dry biomass when compared to control. These findings strongly imply that the PGP diazotrophic bacteria identified in this work could be employed as plant growth stimulators in rice.
- Published
- 2021
63. Psychrotolerant Mesorhizobium sp. Isolated from Temperate and Cold Desert Regions Solubilizes Potassium and Produces Multiple Plant Growth Promoting Metabolites
- Author
-
Z. A. Baba, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Tahir A Sheikh, Basharat Hamid, Saad H. Alotaibi, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Hesham A. El Enshasy, and R. Z. Sayyed
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Potassium ,Pharmaceutical Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Secondary Metabolism ,Cellulase ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,QD241-441 ,Plant Growth Regulators ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Drug Discovery ,Food science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Incubation ,Microbial inoculant ,Phylogeny ,Soil Microbiology ,Rhizosphere ,cellulase ,Strain (chemistry) ,biology ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Mesorhizobium ,Temperature ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,plant growth promoting traits ,biology.organism_classification ,Solubility ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Chitinase ,Mesorhizobium sp ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,potassium solubilization ,rhizosphere ,Bacteria - Abstract
Soil potassium (K) supplement depends intensively on the application of chemical fertilizers, which have substantial harmful environmental effects. However, some bacteria can act as inoculants by converting unavailable and insoluble K forms into plant-accessible forms. Such bacteria are an eco-friendly approach for enhancing plant K absorption and consequently reducing utilization of chemical fertilization. Therefore, the present research was undertaken to isolate, screen, and characterize the K solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from the rhizosphere soils of northern India. Overall, 110 strains were isolated, but only 13 isolates showed significant K solubilizing ability by forming a halo zone on solid media. They were further screened for K solubilizing activity at 0 °C, 1 °C, 3 °C, 5 °C, 7 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C for 5, 10, and 20 days. All the bacterial isolates showed mineral K solubilization activity at these different temperatures. However, the content of K solubilization increased with the upsurge in temperature and period of incubation. The isolate KSB (Grz) showed the highest K solubilization index of 462.28% after 48 h of incubation at 20 °C. The maximum of 23.38 µg K/mL broth was solubilized by the isolate KSB (Grz) at 20 °C after 20 days of incubation. Based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization (through the 16S rDNA approach), the isolate KSB (Grz) was identified as Mesorhizobium sp. The majority of the strains produced HCN and ammonia. The maximum indole acetic acid (IAA) (31.54 µM/mL) and cellulase (390 µM/mL) were produced by the isolate KSB (Grz). In contrast, the highest protease (525.12 µM/mL) and chitinase (5.20 µM/mL) activities were shown by standard strain Bacillus mucilaginosus and KSB (Gmr) isolate, respectively.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
64. Soil-Applied Boron Combined with Boron-Tolerant Bacteria (Bacillus sp. MN54) Improve Root Proliferation and Nodulation, Yield and Agronomic Grain Biofortification of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
- Author
-
Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Waqas Ahmed Minhas, Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir, Mubshar Hussain, Noman Mehboob, Saleh A. Al-Farraj, Muhammad Asif Naveed, and Shahid Farooq
- Subjects
plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,Biofortification ,TJ807-830 ,Root system ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,Biology ,Rhizobacteria ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,agronomic biofortification ,GE1-350 ,nodulation ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Inoculation ,grain yield ,Environmental sciences ,Horticulture ,Soil water ,engineering ,Fertilizer ,Calcareous - Abstract
Chickpea is widely cultivated on calcareous sandy soils in arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan, however, widespread boron (B) deficiencies in these soils significantly decreases its productivity. Soil application of B could improve chickpea yield and grain-B concentration. However, optimizing suitable B level is necessary due to a narrow deficiency and toxicity range of B. Nonetheless, the co-application of B-tolerant bacteria (BTB) and synthetic B fertilizer could be helpful in obtaining higher chickpea yields and grain-B concentration. Therefore, this study optimized the level of soil applied B along with BTB, (i.e., Bacillus sp. MN54) to improve growth, yield and grain-B concentrations of chickpea. The B concentrations included in the study were 0.00 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mg B kg−1 soil combined with or without Bacillus sp. MN54 inoculation. Soil application of B significantly improved root system, nodulation, yield and grain-B concentration, and Bacillus sp. MN54 inoculation further improved these traits. Moreover, B application at a lower dose (0.25 mg B kg−1 soil) with BTB inoculation recorded the highest improvements in root system (longer roots with more roots’ proliferation), growth, nodulation and grain yield. However, the highest grain-B concentration was recorded under a higher B level (0.75 mg B kg−1 soil) included in the study. Soil application of 0.25 mg B kg−1 with Bacillus sp. MN54 inoculation improved growth and yield-related traits, especially nodule population (81%), number of pods plant−1 (38%), number of grains plant−1 (65%) and grain yield (47%) compared with control treatment. However, the grain-B concentration was higher under the highest B level (1.00 mg kg−1 soil) with Bacillus sp. MN54 inoculation. In conclusion, soil application of 0.25 mg B kg−1 with Bacillus sp. MN54 inoculation is a pragmatic option to improve the root system, nodule population, seedling growth, yield and agronomic grain-B biofortification of chickpea.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. The Synergistic Action of Three Piper Plant Extracts and Biofertilizer for Growth Promotion and Biocontrol of Blast Disease in Red Rice
- Author
-
Ni Luh Suriani, Ni Made Delly Resiani, Sri Gunawan, Manal M. Al Khulaifi, Dewa Ngurah Suprapta, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Hind A. AL-Shwaiman, Susila Herlambang, Agung Wiwiek Indrayani, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, and Rahul Datta
- Subjects
compost ,Biofertilizer ,Geography, Planning and Development ,TJ807-830 ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,red Bali rice ,Rhizobacteria ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,piper plant ,GE1-350 ,Piper ,biology ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Compost ,fungi ,Red rice ,food and beverages ,Pesticide ,biology.organism_classification ,biopesticide ,Environmental sciences ,Biopesticide ,Horticulture ,PGPR ,engineering ,Organic fertilizer - Abstract
Bali is a world tourist destination and has many natural resources that need to be developed to support the tourism sector. One of the local Bali resources that has the potential to be developed to support tourism and food is the local red Bali rice. This local Balinese rice is a characteristic of the ecotourism area of the Jatiluwih village of Tabanan, Bali. Balinese rice is grown with inorganic pesticides and there is an urgent need to develop organic pesticides as a sustainable approach to rice farming. In this regard, extracts of piper plants can serve as the best and greenest biopesticides as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and compost functions as organic fertilizer. The present research aimed to evaluate PGPR, compost, and the synergistic biopesticidal effects of extracts of three piper plants, namely Piper caninum, Piper betle var. Nigra, and Piper betle, against blast disease in Bali red rice plants. The results showed that the synergistic action of PGPR, compost, and crude extract of piper plant provided an inhibitory activity against blast disease in rice plants where the greatest inhibition was found in a mixture of the three extracts with an inhibition of 50 cm. This shows that the mixed compounds of the three piper extracts work synergistically in suppressing blast disease, in addition, PGPR also exhibited a positive impact on the growth of red rice because PGPR produce growth hormones and various antifungal metabolites that help the plant growth and induce systemic resistance against phytopathogens. The active principles were identified as citronella, trans-geraniol, and 4.6-dipropyl-nonan-5-one. A combination of these extracts with compost and PGPR showed potential antifungal activity against blast disease at a concentration of 2%. This application also promoted the growth of Bali red rice. There is a significant increase in the number of leaves and the number of tillers, where the height is inversely proportional to the higher the extract up to 2%, as the height of the red Bali rice plant decreases. This is good because it reduces the red Bali rice stalks’ possibility of falling during small production. The piper extract mixture at a concentration of 2% had the highest effect on grain production/tonne (6.59 tonne/ha) compared to the control at only 3.21–3.41 tonnes/ ha. The 2% concentration of the extracts from the mixture of the three pipers has the highest effect on growth and red Bali rice production, and provides the greatest obstacle to the intensity of blast disease in red Bali rice.
- Published
- 2021
66. Synchronization of Boron application methods and rates is environmentally friendly approach to improve quality attributes of
- Author
-
Muhammad Mehboob Hassan, Khan, Niaz, Ahmed, Umber, Ghafoor, Muqarrab, Ali, Muhammad Arif, Ali, Muhammad, Irfan, Shabir, Hussain, Shah, Fahad, Vibhor, Agarwal, Shams H, Abdel-Hafez, Reham, Ali, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin, Asdaq, Nadiyah M, Alabdallah, Ali Tan Kee, Zuan, Subhan, Danish, and Rahul, Datta
- Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency in the soil is one of the major causes of mango fruit and yield's poor quality. Besides, the consumption of such a diet also causes a deficiency of micronutrients in humans. Boron deficiency adversely affects the flowering and pollen tube formation, thus decreasing mango yield and quality attributes. Soil and foliar application of B are considered a productive method to alleviate boron deficiency. A field experiment was conducted to explore the Boron most suitable method and application rate in mango under the current climatic scenario. There were nine treatments applied in three replications. The results showed that application of T8 = RD + Borax (75 g plant
- Published
- 2021
67. Assessment of the bioaccumulation pattern of Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg in edible fishes of East kolkata Wetlands, India
- Author
-
Rahul Datta, Abhijit Mitra, Joystu Dutta, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Sandeep Kaushik, Tarun Kumar Thakur, Mohammad Shahzad Samdani, Poonam Singh, Sufia Zaman, Ravinder Kumar, and Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,QH301-705.5 ,business.industry ,Fish farming ,Fishes ,Water ,Wetland ,biology.organism_classification ,Bioaccumulation ,Catla ,Sediments ,Nile tilapia ,Heavy metals ,Wastewater ,Aquaculture ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Biology (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,Trophic level - Abstract
Waste water fed pisciculture is nowadays a common feature in aquaculture belts across the globe. East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) a nature’s wonder where waste water fed natural aquaculture beltis is active for more than 70 years now and is efficiently operating as a natural waste management system. The peri urban wetland is also a site of international importance and is listed in Ramsar. Field and lab-based investigations were carried out using three commonly edible carp variety of fishes such as Rohu (Labeorohita), Catla (Catlacatla) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) collected from ponds (bheries) of the wetland located on the eastern fringes of Kolkata, India. The lab-based analysis revealed the presence of toxic metals such as Cr, Pb, Cd and Hg in the samples with the seasonal order of accumulation being monsoon > post-monsoon > winter > pre-monsoon in the successive years of 2016, 2017 and 2018. Bio-accumulation of toxic heavy metals in fishes follows the order Tilapia > Rohu > Catla where as the bioaccumulation pattern of toxic metals shows the trend Pb > Cd > Cr > Hg across all the seasons and years. The ambient media was also investigated to understand in detail the bioaccumulation pattern at different trophic levels of the ecosystem. Water and sediments were analyzed to evaluate the contamination of toxic heavy metals from point and non-point sources. Current study shows the observed bioaccumulation pattern of the toxic heavy metals in one of the fragile ecosystems that raises an important question of environmental safety in the food we intake on daily basis.
- Published
- 2021
68. Evaluation of seedling age and nutrient sources on phenology, yield and agrometeorological indices for sweet corn (Z
- Author
-
Bisma, Jan, M, Anwar Bhat, Tauseef A, Bhat, Munazah, Yaqoob, Aijaz, Nazir, M, Ashraf Bhat, Amir H, Mir, Fehim J, Wani, Jitendra, Kumar Singh, Rajesh, Kumar, Kristina, Gasparovic, Xiaolan, He, Omaima, Nasif, and Ali, Tan Kee Zuan
- Abstract
The field experiment was conducted during
- Published
- 2021
69. Wastewater from Washed Rice Water as Plant Nutrient Source: Current Understanding and Knowledge Gaps
- Author
-
Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Nabayi Abba, Tan Ngai Paing, and Christopher Teh Boon Sung
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Population ,General Engineering ,food and beverages ,Environmental pollution ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Rice water ,01 natural sciences ,food.food ,food ,Nutrient ,Wastewater ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Brown rice ,Fertilizer ,Soil fertility ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A significant wastewater source in every household is washed rice water (WRW) because it contains leached nutrients (from washing the rice prior to cooking) that could be used as fertilizer. The paper reviewed the current understanding of the potential use of WRW as a plant nutrient source. WRW was shown to increase vegetables growth, such as water spinach, pak choy, lettuce, mustard, tomato, and eggplant. Different researchers have used various amounts of WRW, and their results followed a similar trend: the higher the amount of WRW, the higher the plant growth. WRW has also been used for other purposes, such as a source of carbon for microbial growth. WRW from brown rice and white rice had nutrients ranging from 40-150, 43-16306, 51-200, 8-3574, 36-1425, 27-212, and 32-560 mg L-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and vitamin B1 (thiamine), respectively. Proper utilization of WRW could reduce chemical fertilizer use and prevent both surface and groundwater contamination and environmental pollution. However, only a few of the studies have compared the use of WRW with the use of conventional NPK fertilizer. The major drawback of WRW studies is that they lack depth and scope, such as determining the initial and (or) final soil physico-chemical properties or plant nutrient contents. Considering the rich nutrient content in WRW, it will impact plant growth and soil fertility when used as both irrigation water and plant nutrient source. Therefore, it is recommended that studies on WRW effect on soil microbial population, plant, and soil nutrient contents to be carried out to ascertain the sustainability of WRW use as a plant nutrient source.
- Published
- 2021
70. Biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated enhanced drought tolerance in Okra (
- Author
-
Dilfuza, Jabborova, Kannepalli, Annapurna, Abdullah M, Al-Sadi, Sulaiman Ali, Alharbi, Rahul, Datta, and Ali Tan Kee, Zuan
- Subjects
Drought stress ,Biochar ,Okra ,AMF ,fungi ,Root morphological traits ,Microbial biomass ,food and beverages ,Original Article ,Soil enzymes ,Chlorophyll content ,Plant growth - Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop production. There is limited information on effect of interaction between biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on okra growth, root morphological traits and soil enzyme activities under drought stress. We studied the influence of biochar and AMF on the growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in pot experiments in a net house under drought condition. The results showed that the biochar treatment significantly increased plant growth (the plant height by 14.2%, root dry weight by 30.0%) and root morphological traits (projected area by 22.3% and root diameter by 22.7%) under drought stress. In drought stress, biochar treatment significantly enhanced the chlorophyll ‘a’ content by 32.7%, the AMF spore number by 22.8% and the microbial biomass as compared to the control. Plant growth parameters such as plant height, shoot and root dry weights significantly increased by AMF alone, by 16.6%, 21.0% and 40.0% respectively under drought condition. Other plant biometrics viz: the total root length, the root volume, the projected area and root diameter improved significantly with the application of AMF alone by 38.3%, 60.0%,16.8% and 15.9% respectively as compared with control. Compared to the control, AMF treatment alone significantly enhanced the total chlorophyll content by 36.6%, the AMF spore number by 39.0% and the microbial biomass by 29.0% under drought condition. However, the highest values of plant growth parameters (plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) and root morphological traits (the total root length, root volume, projected area, root surface area) were observed in the combined treatment of biochar and AMF treatment viz: 31.9%, 34.2%, 60.0% and 68.6%, 66.6%, 45.5%, 41.8%, respectively compared to the control under drought stress. The nitrogen content, total chlorophyll content and microbial biomass increased over un-inoculated control. The soil enzymes; alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activities significantly increased in the combined treatment by 55.8%, 68.7% and 69.5%, respectively as compared to the control under drought stress. We conclude that biochar and AMF together is potentially beneficial for cultivation of okra in drought stress conditions.
- Published
- 2021
71. Sustainable Agronomic Valorization of Unsulfured Molasses and Defatted Soybean Meal as an Optimized Formulation of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Enriched with High Cell Density P-Solubilizing Bacteria
- Author
-
Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Zulfazli M. Sobri, Muhamad Aidilfitri Mohamad Roslan, Puan Sheau Ling, Nor Aini Abdul Rahman, Izzalan Sohedein, and Sim Choon Cheak
- Subjects
Enterobacter ,Central composite design ,Biofertilizer ,Soybean meal ,engineering.material ,plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) ,03 medical and health sciences ,molasses ,Food science ,defatted soybean meal ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,030306 microbiology ,Chemistry ,Agriculture ,Factorial experiment ,bioinoculant ,Phosphate solubilizing bacteria ,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria ,engineering ,biofertilizer ,Fermentation ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Organic fertilizer - Abstract
The application of plant beneficial bioinoculants such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria is a sustainable approach to expanding crop performance in agriculture. However, bioinoculant strains, particularly non-sporulating bacteria are often exposed to detrimental conditions throughout the production process and a long period of storage. This will negatively influence their viable cell density and eventually limit its efficacy in the field. To overcome such a scenario, an optimal formulation of biofertilizer should be prioritized. In this report, a sustainable valorization of molasses and defatted soybean meal as formulation of biofertilizer enriched with Enterobacter hormaechei 40a was proposed. Through the two-level factorial design and central composite design, the optimal formulation and fermentation conditions of bio-organic fertilizer to achieve maximum cell density of strain 40a were achieved. The highest cell density of strain 40a in the optimized molasses-DSM (OMD) medium was 12.56 log CFU/mL after 24 h which was 99.7% accuracy towards the predicted value. Interestingly, the solubilized P was increased by 62.4% in the OMD medium (174.07 µg/mL P) as compared to the standard P medium (65.38 µg/mL P). The shelf life of strain 40a after 180 days of storage was improved significantly around 10 log CFU/mL, when the OMD medium was amended with 0.1% sodium alginate. The strategy described here offers opportunities for agronomic formulation and large-scale bio-organic fertilizer production in the agriculture industry.
- Published
- 2021
72. Morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of Chili (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes grown under varying salinity levels
- Author
-
Rashid Hussain, Marian Brestic, Kristina Gasparovic, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Madiha Butt, Marek Zivcak, Muhammad Ijaz, Sami Ullah, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Umbreen Shahzad, Ahmad Sher, Abdul Sattar, Bandar S. Aljuaid, and Tahira Abbas
- Subjects
Chlorophyll ,Pigments ,Salinity ,Leaves ,Chloroplasts ,Physiology ,Plant Science ,Sodium Chloride ,Salt Stress ,Physical Chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Malondialdehyde ,Photosynthesis ,Materials ,Transpiration ,Multidisciplinary ,Plant Biochemistry ,Plant Anatomy ,food and beverages ,Salt Tolerance ,Horticulture ,Chemistry ,Physiological Parameters ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Cellular Types ,Capsicum ,Research Article ,Stomatal conductance ,Soil salinity ,Genotype ,Plant Cell Biology ,Science ,Materials Science ,Biology ,Dry weight ,Plant Cells ,Osmotic Shock ,Water-use efficiency ,Stomata ,Peroxidase ,Organic Pigments ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Sodium ,Body Weight ,Water ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,Stem Anatomy ,Plant Leaves ,chemistry ,Chemical Properties ,Potassium ,Reactive Oxygen Species - Abstract
Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in huge crop losses throughout the world. Multiple physiological and biochemical pathways determine the ability of plants to tolerate salt stress. Chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a salt-susceptible crop; therefore, its growth and yield is negatively impacted by salinity. Irreversible damage at cell level and photo inhibition due to high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and less CO2 availability caused by water stress is directly linked with salinity. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the impact of five NaCl salinity levels, i.e., 0,1.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 dS m-1 on growth, biochemical attributes and yield of two chili genotypes (‘Plahi’ and ‘A-120’). Salinity stress significantly reduced fresh and dry weight, relative water contents, water use efficiency, leaf osmotic potential, glycine betaine (GB) contents, photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and chlorophyll contents of tested genotypes. Salinity stress significantly enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of the enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). In addition, increasing salinity levels significantly reduced the tissue phosphorus and potassium concentrations, while enhanced the tissue sodium and chloride concentrations. Genotype ‘Plahi’ had better growth and biochemical attributes compared to ‘A-120’. Therefore, ‘Plahi’ is recommended for saline areas to improve chili production.
- Published
- 2021
73. The impact of insecticides and plant extracts on the suppression of insect vector (Bemisia tabaci) of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV)
- Author
-
Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Abdullah M. Al-Sadi, Shoukat Hayat, Muhammad Arif, Tasmia Laraib, Muhammad Waqar Akhtar, Samy Sayed, Huasong Zou, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Nasir Ahmad Rajpoot, H. H. Kesba, Anas Ahmad Zaidi, Muhammad Younas, Yunzhou Li, Nasir Ahmad Khan, and Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo
- Subjects
Germplasm ,Veterinary medicine ,Insecticides ,Asia ,Epidemiology ,Science ,Population ,Plant Pathogens ,Crops ,Whitefly ,Plant Science ,Disease Vectors ,Mungbean yellow mosaic virus ,Plant Viral Pathogens ,Hemiptera ,Geographical Locations ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Medical Conditions ,Imidacloprid ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Animals ,Pakistan ,Cultivar ,education ,Plant Diseases ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,Vigna ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Agriculture ,Azadirachta ,Plant Pathology ,biology.organism_classification ,Insect Vectors ,Species Interactions ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Begomovirus ,People and Places ,Medicine ,Thiamethoxam ,Agrochemicals ,Research Article ,Crop Science - Abstract
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is an important constraint in successful production of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in many countries, including Pakistan. The MYMV spreads by insect vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius). The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective management tactics for MYMV. Twenty mungbean varieties/lines were screened against insect vector of MYMV under field condition in the current study. Resistance levels for varieties/lines were assessed through visual scoring of typical disease symptoms. Furthermore, the impacts of two insecticides ‘Imidacloprid’ and ‘Thiamethoxam’ and two plant extracts, i.e., neem (Azadirachta indica), and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) were tested on the suppression of whitefly. Field screening indicated that none of the tested varieties/lines proved immune/highly resistant, while significant variations were recorded among varieties/lines for resistance level. All varieties/lines were systemically infected with MYMV. The varieties ‘AARI-2006’ and ‘Mung-14043’ were considered as resistant to MYMV based on visual symptoms and the lowest vector population. These varieties were followed by ‘NM-2006’ and ‘NL-31’, which proved as moderately resistant to MYMV. All remaining varieties/lines were grouped as moderately to highly susceptible to MYMV based on visual symptoms’ scoring. These results revealed that existing mungbean germplasm do not possess high resistance level MYMV. However, the lines showing higher resistance in the current study must be exploited in breeding programs for the development of resistant mungbean varieties/lines against MYMV. Imidacloprid proved as the most effective insecticide at all concentrations to manage whitefly population. Therefore, use of the varieties with higher resistance level and spraying Imidacloprid could lower the incidence of MYMV.
- Published
- 2021
74. Seed germination ecology of Conyza sumatrensis populations stemming from different habitats and implications for management
- Author
-
Junyong Ye, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Yanyun Xu, Rehmat Ullah, and Ahlam Khalofah
- Subjects
Salinity ,Leaves ,Physiology ,Invasive Species ,Plant Science ,Plant Reproduction ,Physical Chemistry ,Invasive species ,Seed Germination ,Evolutionary Emergence ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Plant Anatomy ,Temperature ,Eukaryota ,food and beverages ,Plants ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,humanities ,Horticulture ,Chemistry ,Germination ,Plant Physiology ,Seeds ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Research Article ,Evolutionary Processes ,Weed Control ,Science ,Conyza sumatrensis ,Species Colonization ,Temperate climate ,Ecosystem ,Evolutionary Biology ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,fungi ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Humidity ,biology.organism_classification ,Arid ,Chemical Properties ,Seedling ,Seedlings ,Weeds ,Conyza ,Weed - Abstract
Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. H. Walker is an obnoxious weed, emerging as an invasive species globally. Seed germination biology of four populations of the species stemming from arid, semi-arid, temperate, and humid regions was determined in this study. Seed germination was recorded under six different environmental cues (i.e., light/dark periods, constant and alternating day and night temperatures, pH, salinity, and osmotic potential levels) in separate experiment for each cue. Populations were main factor, whereas levels of each environmental cue were considered as sub-factor. The impact of seed burial depths on seedling emergence was inferred in a greenhouse pot experiment. Seed germination was recorded daily and four germination indices, i.e., seed germination percentage, mean germination time, time to reach 50% germination, and mean daily germination were computed. Tested populations and levels of different environmental cues had significant impact on various seed germination indices. Overall, seeds stemming from arid and semi-arid regions had higher seed germination potential under stressful and benign environmental conditions compared to temperate and humid populations. Seed of all populations required a definite light period for germination and 12 hours alternating light and dark period resulted in the highest seed germination. Seed germination of all populations occurred under 5–30°C constant and all tested alternate day and night temperatures. However, the highest seed germination was recorded under 20°C. Seeds of arid and semi-arid populations exhibited higher germination under increased temperature, salinity and osmotic potential levels indicating that maternal environment strongly affected germination traits of the tested populations. The highest seed germination of the tested populations was noted under neutral pH, while higher and lower pH than neutral had negative impact on seed germination. Arid and semi-arid populations exhibited higher seed germination under increased pH compared to temperate and humid populations. Seed burial depth had a significant effect on the seedling emergence of all tested populations. An initial increase was noted in seedling emergence percentage with increasing soil depth. However, a steep decline was recorded after 2 cm seed burial depth. These results indicate that maternal environment strongly mediates germination traits of different populations. Lower emergence from >4 cm seed burial depth warrants that deep burial of seeds and subsequent zero or minimum soil disturbance could aid the management of the species in agricultural habitats. However, management strategies should be developed for other habitats to halt the spread of the species.
- Published
- 2021
75. Combined application of zinc and silicon alleviates terminal drought stress in wheat by triggering morpho-physiological and antioxidants defense mechanisms
- Author
-
Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Furqan Ahmad, Tahira Abbas, Abdul Sattar, Milton Wainwright, Mumtaz Cheema, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Madiha Butt, Abdul Qayyum, Sami Ul-Allah, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Kui Xie, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Ijaz, Xiukang Wang, Sajid Fiaz, M. A. Wahid, and Ahmad Sher
- Subjects
Pigments ,Chlorophyll ,Leaves ,Chloroplasts ,Antioxidant ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biofortification ,Plant Science ,Biochemistry ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Natural Resources ,Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress ,Amino Acids ,Materials ,Triticum ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,biology ,Organic Compounds ,Plant Anatomy ,Eukaryota ,food and beverages ,Plants ,Droughts ,Chemistry ,Horticulture ,Zinc ,Plant Physiology ,Wheat ,Physical Sciences ,Water Resources ,Medicine ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Cellular Types ,Research Article ,Chemical Elements ,Silicon ,Proline ,Plant Cell Biology ,Science ,Materials Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Superoxide dismutase ,Crop ,Stress, Physiological ,Plant-Environment Interactions ,Plant Cells ,medicine ,Plant Defenses ,Grasses ,Organic Pigments ,Plant Ecology ,Crop yield ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Organic Chemistry ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Water ,Cyclic Amino Acids ,Cell Biology ,Plant Pathology ,chemistry ,biology.protein - Abstract
Wheat is an important global staple food crop; however, its productivity is severely hampered by changing climate. Erratic rain patterns cause terminal drought stress, which affect reproductive development and crop yield. This study investigates the potential and zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) to ameliorate terminal drought stress in wheat and associated mechanisms. Two different drought stress levels, i.e., control [80% water holding capacity (WHC) was maintained] and terminal drought stress (40% WHC maintained from BBCH growth stage 49 to 83) combined with five foliar-applied Zn-Si combinations (i.e., control, water spray, 4 mM Zn, 40 mM Si, 4 mM Zn + 40 mM Si applied 7 days after the initiation of drought stress). Results revealed that application of Zn and Si improved chlorophyll and relative water contents under well-watered conditions and terminal drought stress. Foliar application of Si and Zn had significant effect on antioxidant defense mechanism, proline and soluble protein, which showed that application of Si and Zn ameliorated the effects of terminal drought stress mainly by regulating antioxidant defense mechanism, and production of proline and soluble proteins. Combined application of Zn and Si resulted in the highest improvement in growth and antioxidant defense. The application of Zn and Si improved yield and related traits, both under well-watered conditions and terminal drought stress. The highest yield and related traits were recorded for combined application of Zn and Si. For grain and biological yield differences among sole and combined Zn-Si application were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, combined application of Zn-Si ameliorated the adverse effects of terminal drought stress by improving yield through regulating antioxidant mechanism and production of proline and soluble proteins. Results provide valuable insights for further cross talk between Zn-Si regulatory pathways to enhance grain biofortification.
- Published
- 2021
76. Growth, Yield, Nodulation and Amino Acid Content of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) under Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer Application
- Author
-
Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohammed, Mahmudul Hasan, Kamal Uddin, and Mst. Motmainna
- Subjects
Compost ,Phosphorus ,Biofertilizer ,Randomized block design ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,engineering.material ,Biology ,food.food ,Horticulture ,food ,chemistry ,engineering ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Organic fertilizer ,Vigna subterranea ,Legume - Abstract
Background: Bambara groundnut is an edible legume which is highly nutritious. This study was carried out to find the effect of inorganic and organic fertilizer on the growth, nodulation, nitrogen yield and nutritional composition of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea). Methods: During the period of 2018, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Ladang 15, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Different rates of compost, biofertilizer, gypsum were used along with the combination of different rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer. The amino acid content of the seed was measured by HPLC.Result: N and P fertilizer were found to play a dominating role in increasing the vegetative growth and yield of the plant. Plant height (21.73 cm), leaf area (2802.9 cm2) and the number of the pods per plant (41.75) increased with the application of N and P. Application of N30P60 kg/ha influenced nodule number (35.50) of the plant. Lysine content in seed was 6.03 mg/kg at T1 (N30P60 kg/ha) whereas 5.13 mg/kg was recorded at T7 (compost 10 t/ha). The application of N30P60 kg/ha has increased the growth, yield, nodulation and amino acid content of bambara groundnut.
- Published
- 2020
77. Seed biopriming with P- and K-solubilizing Enterobacter hormaechei sp. improves the early vegetative growth and the P and K uptake of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seedling
- Author
-
Sim Choon Cheak, N. A. Abdul Rahman, Nurzulaikha Nadiah Zulkifli, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Zulfazli M. Sobri, and Muhamad Aidilfitri Mohamad Roslan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Leaves ,Siderophore ,Vegetative reproduction ,Plant Science ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Plant Reproduction ,01 natural sciences ,Database and Informatics Methods ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cloaca ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Seed Germination ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Animal Anatomy ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Plant Anatomy ,Eukaryota ,food and beverages ,Phosphorus ,Enterobacter ,Plants ,Containment of Biohazards ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Chemistry ,Horticulture ,Organic Acids ,Medical Microbiology ,Germination ,Plant Physiology ,Seeds ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Pathogens ,Anatomy ,Sequence Analysis ,Research Article ,Bioinformatics ,Science ,Sequence Databases ,Plant Development ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Phosphorus metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,Abelmoschus ,Animal Genital Anatomy ,Microbial Pathogens ,Gibberellic acid ,030304 developmental biology ,Bacteria ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular Typing ,Biological Databases ,chemistry ,Seedlings ,Seedling ,Chlorophyll ,Potassium ,Zoology ,Acids ,Enterobacter cloacae ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Limited information is available that seed biopriming by plant growth-promoting bacteria such as those among Enterobacter spp. play a prominent role to enhance vegetative growth of plants. Contrary to Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter hormaechei is a less-studied counterpart despite its vast potential in plant growth-promotion mainly through the inorganic phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) solubilization abilities. To this end, 18 locally isolated bacterial pure cultures screened and three strains showed high P- and K-solubilizing capabilities. Light microscopy, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strains 15a1 and 40a were closely related to Enterobacter hormaechei while strain 38 was closely related to Enterobacter cloacae (Accession number: MN294583; MN294585; MN294584). All Enterobacter spp. shared common plant growth-promoting traits, namely N2 fixators, indole-3-acetic acid producers and siderophore producers. Gibberellic acid was only produced by strain 38 and 40a, while exopolysaccharide formation was solely detected on agar containing colonies of strain 38. Under in vitro germination assay of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds, Enterobacter spp. significantly improved overall germination parameters and vigor index (19.6%) of seedlings. The efficacy of root colonization of Enterobacter spp. on the pre-treated seedling root tips was confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The pot experiment of bioprimed seeds of okra seedling showed significant improvement of the plant growth (> 28%) which corresponded to the increase of P and K uptakes (> 89%) as compared to the uninoculated control plants. The leaf surface area and the SPAD chlorophyll index of bioprimed plants were increased up to 29% and 9% respectively. This report revealed that the under-explored species of P- and K-solubilizing Enterobacter hormaechei sp. with multiple plant beneficial traits hold as a good potential sustainable approach for enhancement of soil fertility and P and K uptakes of plants.
- Published
- 2020
78. Impact of Bacillus subtilis supplemented feed on growth and biochemical constituents in Labeo rohita fingerlings
- Author
-
Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Mohammed Alorabi, Solleh Ramli, Mohamed Alkafafy, Rahat Abdul Rehman, Samina Qamer, Muhammad Faiz Khan, Noreen Sarwar, Afia Muhammad Akram, Zawar Hussain, Qandeel Minahal, Hesham A. El Enshasy, Asma Chaudhary, Naveed Khan, Alaa Alhazmi, and Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Subjects
Science (General) ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Chemistry ,Probiotics ,Acid phosphatase ,Fish growth promoters ,Bacillus subtilis ,Carbohydrate ,biology.organism_classification ,Body composition ,Labeo rohita ,Commercial fish feed ,Labeo ,Q1-390 ,Fish growth profile ,Relative growth rate ,biology.protein ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Fermentation ,Food science - Abstract
The study investigated the potential of probiotic isolate Bacillus subtilis AsCh-A4 (Accession No. MF543124) fermented feed to improve growth profile of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Morphometric measurements and nutritional indices of control and experimental groups were compared fortnightly in 90 days experiment. The formulated fish feed was fermented by Bacillus subtilis AsCh-A4 up to seven days and administered at 3% (b/w) with live (G1) and dead (G2) bacterium. G1 group showed significant higher values of DG (Daily gain) and RGR% (percent relative growth rate) in wet body weight than control and G2 while Specific Growth Rate (0.08 – 0.11%) in G1 within phase IV – VI followed by G2 (0.07%) at phase IV over control group. In all groups, the computed condition factor was 1.13, 0.91, 1.09 indicating isometric fish growth. Significantly increased body contents i.e., total protein (phase IV – VI), total carbohydrate (phase V) in G1 and DNA (phase IV) in G1 as well as G2 (phase II – III). Moreover, no significant change was assessed in total lipids, cholesterol, RNA contents, Alkaline phosphatase, Alanine aminotransferase, protease and somatic indices in all groups. Aspartate aminotransferase and acid phosphatase were significantly decreased in G1 (phase II – III) and G2 (phase III) while amylase increased in G1 (phase II). These results clearly demonstrated the growth promoting effect of the probiotics for rohu fish.
- Published
- 2021
79. Silicon-based induced resistance in maize against fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)]
- Author
-
Liu Chang-zhong, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Shahbaz Ali, Aroosa Khurshid, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Rehan Inayat, Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi, Inzamam Ul Haq, and Zhang Kexin
- Subjects
Chlorophyll ,Pigments ,Life Cycles ,Chloroplasts ,Hydrolases ,Plant Science ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Larvae ,Lipases ,Materials ,Multidisciplinary ,Pupa ,Eukaryota ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Silicon Dioxide ,Enzymes ,Insects ,Horticulture ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Fecundity ,Larva ,Physical Sciences ,Shoot ,Medicine ,Fall armyworm ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Cellular Types ,Research Article ,Arthropoda ,Plant Cell Biology ,Science ,Materials Science ,Spodoptera ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Zea mays ,Model Organisms ,Population Metrics ,Dry weight ,Plant and Algal Models ,Plant Cells ,Animals ,Grasses ,Genetically modified maize ,Population Biology ,Organic Pigments ,business.industry ,fungi ,Organisms ,Pest control ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Pupae ,Cell Biology ,Pesticide ,biology.organism_classification ,Invertebrates ,Maize ,chemistry ,Animal Studies ,Enzymology ,Pest Control ,PEST analysis ,business ,Zoology ,Entomology ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major economic pest in the United States and has recently become a significant concern in African and Asian countries. Due to its increased resistance to current management strategies, including pesticides and transgenic corn, alternative management techniques have become more necessary. Currently, silicon (Si) is being used in many pest control systems due to its ability to increase plant resistance to biotic and abiotic factors and promote plant growth. The current experiments were carried out at the College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China, to test the effect of Si on lifetable parameters and lipase activity of fall armyworm and vegetative and physiological parameters of maize plants. Two sources of Si (silicon dioxide: SiO2 and potassium silicate: K2SiO3) were applied on maize plants with two application methods (foliar application and soil drenching). The experiment results revealed that foliar applications of SiO2 and K2SiO3 significantly (P≤0.05) increased mortality percentage and developmental period and decreased larval and pupal biomass of fall armyworm. Similarly, both Si sources significantly (P≤0.05) reduced lipase activity of larvae, and fecundity of adults, whereas prolonged longevity of adults. Among plant parameters, a significant increase in fresh and dry weight of shoot, stem length, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity was observed with foliar applications of Si. Root fresh and dry weight was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in plants treated with soil drenching of SiO2 and K2SiO3. Moreover, SiO2 performed better for all parameters as compared to K2SiO3 and control treatment. The study conclusively demonstrated a significant negative effect on various biological parameters of fall armyworm when plants were treated with Si, so it can be a promising strategy to control this pest.
- Published
- 2021
80. Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales
- Author
-
Sana Batool, Abdullah M. Al-Sadi, Sobia Khaliq, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Sidra Mubeen, Yunzhou Li, Azziz-Ud-Din, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Saqer S. Alotaibi, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, M. F. Abbas, Muhammad Rafiq, Naseeb Ullah, and Khalida Zafar
- Subjects
Leaves ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Plant Science ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Pestalotiopsis mangiferae ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Twig ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Pakistan ,Signal Amplification ,DNA, Fungal ,Phylogeny ,Botrytis cinerea ,Fungal Pathogens ,Multidisciplinary ,Virulence ,biology ,Chaetomium globosum ,Plant Anatomy ,Plant Fungal Pathogens ,Eukaryota ,Alternaria ,food and beverages ,Biodiversity ,Plants ,Horticulture ,Medical Microbiology ,Engineering and Technology ,Medicine ,Mitosporic Fungi ,Pathogens ,Sequence Analysis ,Research Article ,Lasiodiplodia theobromae ,Crops, Agricultural ,Bioinformatics ,Science ,Plant Pathogens ,Mycology ,Eriobotrya ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Alternaria alternata ,Fruits ,Ascomycota ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Microbial Pathogens ,Molecular Biology ,Plant Diseases ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Plant Pathology ,biology.organism_classification ,Plant Leaves ,Fruit ,Signal Processing - Abstract
Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is an important fruit crop in Pakistan; however, a constant decline in its production is noted due biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly disease infestation. Fungal pathogens are the major disease-causing agents; therefore, their identification is necessary for devising management options. This study explored Taxila, Wah-Cantt, Tret, Chatar, Murree, Kalar-Kahar, Choa-Saidan-Shah and Khan-Pur districts in the Punjab and Khyber Paktoon Khawa (KPK) provinces of Pakistan to explore the diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat. The samples were collected from these districts and their microscopic characterizations were accomplished for reliable identification. Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergilus flavis, Botrytis cinerea, Chaetomium globosum, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae and Phomopsis sp. were the fungal pathogens infesting loquat in the study area. The isolates of A. alternata and C. lunata were isolated from leaf spots and fruit rot, while the isolates of L. theobromae were associated with twig dieback. The remaining pathogens were allied with fruit rot. The nucleotide evidence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) were computed from all the pathogens and submitted in the database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). For multigene analysis, beta-tubulin (BT) gene and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) regions were explored for A. alternata and C. lunata isolates, respectively. The virulence scales of leaf spots, fruit rot, and twig dieback diseases of loquat were developed for the first time through this study. It is the first comprehensive study with morpho-molecular identification, and newly developed virulence scales of the fungal pathogens associated with loquat, which improves the understanding of these destructive diseases.
- Published
- 2021
81. Halotolerant Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Mitigation of Salinity Stress, Growth Promotion, and Mineral Uptake in Tomato Plants and Soil Nutrient Enrichment
- Author
-
Asad Syed, NB Patel, Khurshid Ahmad, R. Z. Sayyed, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Roslinda Abd Malek, Harihar Vaidya, Chintan Kapadia, Hesham A. El Enshasy, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, and Deepshika Sharma
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Soil salinity ,Geography, Planning and Development ,TJ807-830 ,tomato ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,01 natural sciences ,Renewable energy sources ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dry weight ,microbial consortia ,GE1-350 ,plant biomass ,salinity stress ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Abiotic stress ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Environmental sciences ,Salinity ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Seedling ,PGPR ,Chlorophyll ,Shoot ,Halotolerance ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Salinity significantly impacts the growth, development, and reproductive biology of various crops such as vegetables. The cultivable area is reduced due to the accumulation of salts and chemicals currently in use and is not amenable to a large extent to avoid such abiotic stress factors. The addition of microbes enriches the soil without any adverse effects. The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions. Salinity treatments comprising Ec 0, 2, 5, and 8 dS/m were established by mixing soil with seawater until the desired Ec was achieved. The seedlings were transplanted in the pots of the respective pH and were inoculated with microbial consortia. After sufficient growth, these seedlings were transplanted in soil seedling trays. The measurement of soil minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and pH and the Ec were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation. The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters. In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents. While bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia). The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes, but the beneficial effect of the microbe helps plants sustain in the saline environment. The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant, thus, it produced higher biomass and growth. Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress. Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions.
- Published
- 2021
82. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Sustainable Agriculture and Improved Crop Production
- Author
-
Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Deepak Kumar Verma, Roni Yulianto, Shikha Srivastava, Abhay K. Pandey, Arpana H. Jobanputra, Vipul Kumar, Bavita Asthir, Balaram Mohapatra, and Diganggana Talukdar
- Subjects
Crop production ,Agroforestry ,Sustainable agriculture ,Biology ,Rhizobacteria ,Environmentally friendly - Published
- 2019
83. Characterization of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and the effect on growth and yield of saline-affected rice
- Author
-
Halimi Mohd Saud, Rakiba Shultana, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, and Mohd Rafii Yusop
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Salinity ,Exopolysaccharides ,Leaves ,Glycobiology ,Bacillus ,Plant Science ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Physical Chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Agricultural Soil Science ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Food science ,Photosynthesis ,Transpiration ,Rhizosphere ,Multidisciplinary ,Plant Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,Plant Anatomy ,Eukaryota ,Salt-Tolerant Plants ,Agriculture ,Salt Tolerance ,Plants ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Medical Microbiology ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Stomatal conductance ,Science ,Sodium ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Rhizobacteria ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Polysaccharides ,Plant and Algal Models ,Grasses ,Microbial Pathogens ,Stomata ,Bacteria ,Inoculation ,fungi ,Organisms ,Biofilm ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Oryza ,Bacteriology ,Stem Anatomy ,030104 developmental biology ,Chemical Properties ,Biofilms ,Animal Studies ,Earth Sciences ,Rice ,Bacterial Biofilms ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In this study, we characterized, identified, and determined the effect of salt-tolerant PGPR isolated from coastal saline areas on rice growth and yield. A total of 44 bacterial strains were isolated, and 5 were found to be tolerant at high salt concentration. These isolates were further characterized for salinity tolerance and beneficial traits through a series of quantitative tests. Biochemical characterization showed that bacterial survivability decreases gradually with the increase of salt concentration. One of the strains, UPMRB9, produced the highest amount of exopolysaccharides when exposed to 1.5M of NaCl. Moreover, UPMRB9 absorbed the highest amount of sodium from the 1.5M of NaCl-amended media. The highest floc yield and biofilm were produced by UPMRE6 and UPMRB9 respectively, at 1M of NaCl concentration. The SEM observation confirmed the EPS production of UPMRB9 and UPMRE6 at 1.5M of NaCl concentration. These two isolates were identified as Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus aryabhattai based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The functional group characterization of EPS showed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups. This corresponded to the presence of carbohydrates and proteins in the EPS and glucose was identified as the major type of carbohydrate. The functional groups of EPS can help to bind and chelate Na+ in the soil and thereby reduces the plant's exposure to the ion under saline conditions. The plant inoculation study revealed significant beneficial effects of bacterial inoculation on photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance of the plant which leads to a higher yield. The Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus aryabhattai strains showed good potential as PGPR for salinity mitigation practice for coastal rice cultivation.
- Published
- 2020
84. Nitrogen and phosphorus management for Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) production-A review
- Author
-
Mahmudul Hasan, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed, and Kamal Uddin
- Subjects
Phosphorus ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,Plant physiology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,food.food ,food ,Nutrient ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Nitrogen fixation ,Rhizobium ,Soil fertility ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Vigna subterranea ,Legume - Abstract
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) has characteristics to grow in the marginal soil and also tolerant into the drought condition and also have potential of nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen is the key plant nutrient that stimulates root and shoot growth. Phosphorus application significantly improves many aspects of plant physiology including photosynthesis, flowering, fruiting and maturation which ultimately result in better yield. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a complex process, in which Rhizobium bacteria form a beneficial interaction with a legume crop to fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to ammonium for plant uptake. Biological N fixation (BNF) is the natural means to enhance soil fertility status and productivity. Application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer exerted significant effect on root development, photosynthesis, yield contributing character and pod yield of the crop. Bambara Groundnut yields are low due to abiotic and biotic stresses. But with application of nitrogen and phosphorus increase the yield of this crop. It’s seeds contain 63 percent carbohydrate, 19 percent protein and 6.5 percent oil and good source of fibre, calcium, iron and potassium.
- Published
- 2018
85. Effects of Fish Stocking Density on Water Quality, Growth Performance of Tilapia and Yield of Butterhead Lettuce Grown in Decoupled Recirculation Aquaponic Systems.
- Author
-
Al Tawaha, Abdel Razzaq, Megat Wahab, Puteri Edaroyati, Jaafar, Hawa Binti, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, and Hassan, Mohd Zafri
- Subjects
LETTUCE growing ,AQUAPONICS ,WATER quality ,TILAPIA ,FISH stocking ,FISH waste ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) - Abstract
This study was conducted over a period of 52 days to determine the effects of fish stocking density on the water quality, growth performance of tilapia and yield of butterhead lettuce cultivated in decoupled recirculation aquaponic systems (DRAPS). In this study, three respective tilapia stocking densities (treatments) of 8 kg·m
-3 , 10 kg·m-3 , and 12 kg·m-3 were used to evaluate the butterhead lettuce in the DRAPS, which consist of two independent loops. All treatments were done in triplicates. The results showed with increased stocking density, the electrical conductivity, total dissolved substances and salinity increased and dissolved oxygen decline. The results showed that the highest stocking density produced the highest nutrients accumulation of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3 -N), ammonium (NH4 ), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2 -N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 -N) and potassium (K) except for phosphorus (P). Nevertheless, based on the conversion of fish feed to NO3 -N and P per kilogram of feeds, the lowest stocking density provided the highest concentration of NO3 -N and P. It was documented that DRAPS relied solely on the fish waste produced an insufficient concentration of N, P, K and iron. The average survival rate of tilapia in all treatments was above 94% and was not a significant difference among the treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
86. Evaluation of growth and nutrient uptake of rice genotypes under different levels of salinity.
- Author
-
SHULTANA, RAKIBA, OTHMAN, RADZIAH, ALI TAN KEE ZUAN, and RAFII, MOHDYUSOP
- Subjects
RICE varieties ,SALINITY ,RICE ,GENOTYPES ,CHEMICAL properties - Abstract
Successful evaluation is necessary to ensure suitability of certain rice varieties in coastal saline areas. In this study, solution culture methods were employed to observe the salinity tolerance of seven rice genotypes under four salinity levels of 0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m at seedling stages. The traits of shoot and root length, dry weight, ratio of Na+: K+ and Na+: Ca
2 + and uptake of N, P and K were measured. The growth characters and chemical properties of rice seedlings revealed that only Pokkali was able to survive and could tolerate the NaCl toxicity up to 12 dS/m, while BRRI dhan67 and BINA dhan8 were tolerant at 8 dS/m and BRRI dhan47 and Putra-1 were moderately tolerant at 8 dS/m. Besides MR284 and MR297 can tolerant up to 4 dS/m. The findings can explore new ideas for future research particularly in selection of the suitable rice variety for targeted saline prone areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.