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Family histories of the frontier business community constitute a genre on the interstices of history and literature. They offer resources for and sites of reimagining frontier scholarship, the northwest frontier in this case. They represent the voices of those frontier communities who, despite having a critical role in the social, political, and economic history of the colonial frontier, have remained mainly excluded or left to low margins. Literature from and regarding such communities has yet to be addressed and is limited in scope and scholarship. To bring 'commercial' construction of frontier, this paper undertakes a critical reading of five selected texts exploring three aspects - context, nature, and contribution of these works. The study concludes that such indigenous narratives constitute useful sources for and offer insights into future research on the significant role of commercial communities in critical reading and understanding of the colonial frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children under five years of age suffer from anemia is a common medical problem worldwide. Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent in infants and has proven to be a public health issue. Many studies have been conducted on anemia among infants but the scope of the studies focused on anemia prevalence with less emphasis on anemia knowledge and parental practice. Objective: To explore the level of parental knowledge, attitude, and practice towards iron deficiency anemia. Method: A cross-sectional study in the first taken 150 children that attended to Children's Counseling at Madinah General Hospital from these in the second case control study show only 30 children that effect with IDA and 30 children without IDA. Results: In this study, the prevalence of anemia in less than two years is 46.7%. knowledge answers near half study sample with their children previously diagnosed with IDA was 16 (53%), the attitude of parents about IDA between two groups not there is a significant relationship and most answers of parents with their children previously diagnosed with IDA was between Fair 17 (57%) and Poor 11(36%), not there is a smaller study in this article to refuse or accepted. Practices show a significant association between (case with IDA) and (control without IDA) because (65% poor) practice About IDA in the case in other side control was (26%) poor only About IDA in the differential in practice refer more vulnerable to the effect of children to IDA. Conclusion: Anemia is prevalent in infants 24 months old with substantial differences in parents' knowledge and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the colonial project of social control of the Pashtun body as seen through Foucauldian framework of biopower. This paper initiates debate into colonial health politics of NWFP and explores the biopolitical logic as to how the Pasthun subjectivities as medicalizable objects were constituted within the colonial missionary medicine discourses. It examines the ontological consequences of such constructions. It further aims to explore the co-constitution of colonial agents and the authority of the missionary doctor over the body. This paper delves into the myriad of strategies and sites of medical intervention, as hospital, medical camp, home, school, body, culture, race and gender. It takes up indepth analysis of the works of Dr. Pennell i.e. Mission Hospital Bannu and Life among Wild Tribes. The study proposes that the relations of colonial power with the Pashtun body as embedded in the medical missionary discourse were biopolitical in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of a 100 um i.d. open tubular column modified with linear co-polymer chains has been explored under low pressure operating conditions. A 512 mm fused-silica capillary was reacted with 3-chloropropyl isocyanate followed by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. A copolymer layer was then immobilized on the inner surface via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization of styrene, methacrylic acid and N-phenylacrylamide. The thickness of the polymer layer was ca 1.5 µm. The column was evaluated for the separation of a mixture composed of three peptides (Trp-Gly, angiotensin I, bradykinin). The number of theoretical plates (N) as high as 72,100 plates/column (corresponding to 140,800/m, 7.10 µm plate height) was achieved. The column to column and day to day reproducibility of our columns was found better than 2.1%. For comparison purpose, similar chromatographic data for a selected analyte was also obtained with a commercial microcolumn of 0.5 mm id packed with a conventional C18 phase (5 µm), and 17 µm was the plate height obtained at the optimum flow rate. The van Deemter plots and kinetic plots were also obtained for comparison between our open tubular capillary column and the commercial packed column of a narrow id. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bazaar in Hali's poetics emerges as a 'subject' of Muslim nationalism, as the latter is reproduced in and through his poetics of bazaar reform. Contrary to classical poetic tradition, it is privilege trope, though invoked in and through lack and loss of Muslims in India. Bazaar discourse in Hali is conditioned within British colonialism in India. Hali's bazaar reform poetics signifies western imperialism and colonial desire with related colonial constructions of utilitarian functionalism, time and space, peace and equality as much as market notions of possession, work worth, efficiency-waste, hygiene, etc. Muslim absence from bazaar is produced through western domination of bazaar as productive of power and privilege. As west becomes imperial equivalent of Muslim imperial past, India and Indian-ness (or Hindu) signify as source and site of degeneration and decline, suggesting commercial communalism in colonial India. Bazaar is thus upper binary term for its identity with west, and is signifier and constitutive of nation and national power. It is this latter trope that drives Muslim aspiration for world market, economic blocs, Islamic finance, etc. The paper covers mainly reform poetry of Hali with the aim to address its function and role in Muslim nationalism. The study addresses cultural significations of bazaar in Muslim imaginaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are now seen more in spaces traditionally ascribed for men. There is similar trend in the domain of crime economy. This study problematizes the feminist understanding of women agency in such male dominated spaces, agreeing with Spivak's argument that agency of the subaltern/marginalized women is not complete rather is informed by patriarchal structures of the society. It also problematizes conservative notion of "doing gender", while the study observes that "smuggler" women are performing gender untraditionally in male spaces by feeding their families in the absence of their men. This ethnographic study takes up the case of women engaged in transportation of non-duty paid goods of everyday consumption in Peshawar and undertakes the examination of agency, deviance and patriarchal order in situated, complex, interactional networks constructing identity and subjectivity of difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To understand various sources of stress and assess coping strategies among medical students of Al-Nafees Medical College, Islamabad. STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive cross sectional observational study. PLACE AND DURATION: The survey was carried out on the MBBS students of Al-Nafees Medical College Islamabad from 11th May, 2015 to 3rd July, 2015. METHODOLOGY: The undergraduate MBBS students of Al-Nafees Medical College were approached in the study. The socio- demographic determinants included the class of the participants, their age, gender, country of birth, their degree before MBBS and parents' educational level. The objectives of the study intended to determine the prevalence of stress among medical students, to identify various stressors experienced by undergraduate medical students during their graduation and assessing medical students' coping strategies for various stressors during their undergraduate medical education. The structured questionnaire comprised on closed-ended questions based on the specified objectives mentioned above. RESULTS: The response rate came out to be 91%. The prevalence of distressed students came out to be 52.5%. Regarding the distribution of stressors according to students' responses, it was found that the top stressor considered by majority of the students was having too much course content to be learnt. Students also considered having shortage of time, difficulty in retaining course content and taking frequent examination as potent stressors. The majority of the students (above 80%) use religion as a coping response while about 55% of the students approach their parents for the use of emotional support when stressed. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the prevalence of the stress is quite high amongst the medical students. The top stressors in our cohort were mostly related to academic issues and poor time management skills. Majority of the students cope with stress using religion while the other coping strategy used by distressed students includes self-blame, venting of emotions through anger and frustration and distracting themselves by logging on to facebook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground porous silica monolith particles with an average particle size of 2.34 μm and large pores (363 Å) exhibiting excellent chromatographic performance have been synthesized on a relatively large scale by a sophisticated sol-gel procedure. The particle size distribution was rather broad, and the d(0.1)/ d(0.9) ratio was 0.14. The resultant silica monolith particles were chemically modified with chlorodimethyloctadecylsilane and end-capped with a mixture of hexamethyldisilazane and chlorotrimethylsilane. Very good separation efficiency (185 000/m) and chromatographic resolution were achieved when the C18-bound phase was evaluated for a test mixture of five benzene derivatives after packing in a stainless-steel column (1.0 mm × 150 mm). The optimized elution conditions were found to be 70:30 v/v acetonitrile/water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid at a flow rate of 25 μL/min. The column was also evaluated for fast analysis at a flow rate of 100 μL/min, and all the five analytes were eluted within 3.5 min with reasonable efficiency (ca. 60 000/m) and resolution. The strategy of using particles with reduced particle size and large pores (363 Å) combined with C18 modification in addition to partial-monolithic architecture has resulted in a useful stationary phase (C18-bound silica monolith particles) of low production cost showing excellent chromatographic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Partially sub-2μm silica monolith particles with rather large pores were prepared. [•] Polystyrene bound monolith particles were prepared by RAFT polymerization. [•] The resultant phase showed very good efficiencies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Molecular imprinted polymer is an artificial receptor made by imprinting molecules of a template in a polymer matrix followed by removing the template molecules via thorough washing to give the permanent template grooves. They show favored affinity to the template molecule compared to other molecules, and this property is the basic driving force for such diverse application of this techniques. Such techniques have been increasingly employed in a wide scope of applications such as chromatography, sample pretreatment, purification, catalysts, sensors, and drug delivery, etc., mostly in bioanalytical areas. A major part of them is related to development of new stationary phases and their application in chromatography and sample pretreatment. Embodiments of molecular imprinted polymer materials have been carried out in a variety of forms such as irregularly ground particles, regular spherical particles, nanoparticles, monoliths in a stainless steel or capillary column, open tubular layers in capillaries, surface attached thin layers, membranes, and composites, etc. There have been numerous review articles on molecular imprinted polymer issues. In this special review, the reviews in recent ca. 10 years will be categorized into several subgroups according to specified topics in separation science, and each review in each subgroup will be introduced in the order of date with brief summaries and comments on new developments and different scopes of prospects. Brief summaries of each categories and conclusive future perspectives are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess awareness, attitudes and opinions regarding bioethical issues among graduate students and faculty/researchers of universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was designed and sent to 700 students and faculty members/researchers of 14 academic departments/research institutions of seven universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS 16.0. Results: We obtained responses from 87% (614/700) participants. The sample populations appeared receptive to latest developments in science and technology; and were optimistic that such developments will have positive effect on their lives. On average almost 90% of the respondents were familiar with the term "bioethics"; 75.4% of the respondents desired that bioethics should be taught regularly in the classes. However, students of two important disciplines of knowledge i.e law and Islamic studies had awareness levels of only 43% and '0'% respectively regarding the term bioethics. A vast majority of the respondents were not satisfied with the state laws, policies, rules, regulations and institutions concerned with bioethical issues. The survey indicated that cloning (27.2%), abortion (24.6%) and organ donation (13.2%) are regarded as the most important bioethical issues, probably for specific reasons of the glamour attached to the technology, moral connotations and the hype created by media respectively. Conclusion: Educated youth in general have positive attitude towards S&T and its effect on their lives. Awareness level among students and faculty of life sciences is very high; however it is dismally low among students of Law and Islamic studies. The results of this survey does not necessarily mirror the awareness level, attitudes and opinions in the society at large since literacy level among the masses is low (57%) and prevalence of higher levels of education is even lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the architecture of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and their applications, simulation tools, communication domains, and challenges. VANETs enable wireless communication between moving vehicles using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) technology, and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication with roadside units. The paper describes the three main components of VANETs: the roadside unit (RSU), application unit (AU), and on-board unit (OBU). The purpose of the paper is to provide researchers and developers with detailed information about VANETs and help them understand their aspects and challenges. The information provided in the paper could facilitate the development of VANETs for enhancing road safety and providing comfortable driving experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South Asia region is one of the most unstable in the world, having experienced multiple wars. In recent years, water disputes have intensified between this region's countries, including Pakistan and India, as water is intertwined with their security and has been securitized. Indeed, securitization is one of the strategies that has the power of representation of water as a security issue. The study examines how Pakistan has represented the Indus transboundary waters as a security issue through linguistic constructs, especially to motivate domestic audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately one-tenth of the global population suffer from acne vulgaris, which is a skin disease with considerable psychological impact. Recently, antihistamines have been used in the treatment of acne. However, their overall treatment effects for this indication remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the antihistamines in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and Google Scholar. We included the randomized controlled trials on acne vulgaris patients which compared any H1- antihistamine drug in combination with other medications to placebo, no treatment, or other medications, with acne lesion (noninflammatory and inflammatory) counts, acne severity score, patient satisfaction, acne flare, or adverse events as an outcome of interest. Six studies contributing to 388 patients were included, involving two H1 antihistamines (i.e., levocetrizine and desloratadine), isotretinoin, azithromycin, and topical azelaic acid cream. From the network meta– analysis, levocetirizine+isotretinoin was better than the isotretinoin alone in the inflammatory lesion count, but not in the non-inflammatory lesion count. The desloratadine+isotretinoin retained the best balance in terms of non-inflammatory lesion count, inflammatory lesion count, acne flare, and mucocutaneous adverse events. The desloratadine+isotretinoin and levocetirizine+isotretinoin were considered safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate serum uric acid in essential hypertension and its correlation with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Cardiology and Medicine, BMC Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad and NICVD Hyderabad, Sindh. Period: July 2018 to January 2021. Material & Methods: A sample of 100 diagnosed cases of essential hypertenison (group A), 100 essential hypertenison with LVH cases (group B) and 100 age matched healthy control (group C) was selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Echocardiography findings of cases and control were noted. Serum uric acid, urea and creatinine were measured form sera. LVH was defined by Devereux's formula. Continuous variables were analyzed Student's Independent samples t - test and Pearson's correlation was used for essential hypertension and LVH on SPSS ver. 21.0 at 95% Confidence interval (P≤0.05). Results: Serum uric acid in EH, EH+LVH and controls was noted as 5.5±1.0, 5.8±1.9 and 3.81±1.2 mg/dl (P-0.0001). LV in EH, EH+LVH and controls was measured as 10.8±2.3, 16.4±3.3 and 9.6±0.2 mm in 3 study groups (P-0.0001). Uric acid proves statistically significant linear correlation in EH+LVH revealing positive correlation (r=0.475), (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study reports serum Uric acid is found elevated in essential hypertension and essential hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. Uric acid shows positive correlation with left ventricular hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indus River is one of the largest river basins in the world and is a lifeline for regional economies. Owing to its essential economic value and potential, the sharing of Indus river water remained a chronic source of disputes between its users for decade. In 1947 after the partition of British India was the prelude for the water dispute between newly created India and Pakistan. It was finally mediated by the World Bank through the instrument of Indus Water Treaty in 1960. The enactment of the Indus Water Treaty brought peace and benefited two countries to expand their agriculture around areas of Indus River system. The paper analyzes the key issues and conciliation process, which led to the successful Treaty, its understanding, development in economies and political atmosphere the two countries. The paper also attempts to highlight the new issues and claims put forward by the shareholders of Indus Rivers system, which is the cause of new areas of concern. Lastly, the paper suggests ideas for resolving the dispute and relations viz-a-viz water in the light of past experience, knowledge and successful history of Indus Water Treaty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that while fusion music in Shoaib Mansoor's film Khuda Kay Liye (KKL) (2007) serves to reclaim Pakistan's South Asian heritage, there are moments in KKL when non-Muslim South Asians are othered. I examine these contradictory elements in the film with respect to two songs. I first look at 'Bulleh Nu', an anti-casteist 'kafi' attributed to the seventeenth/eighteenth century Sufi poet Baba Bulleh Shah, born in present-day Pakistani Punjab. I then contrast 'Bulleh Nu' with the film's problematic representation of the Sikh as a 'villainous' other. Subsequently I analyze 'Neer Bharan', a 'bandis ki thumri' associated with the cosmopolitan ethos of the nineteenth century kingdom of Awadh, now located in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Alongside my analysis of 'Neer Bharan', I write about how KKL only partially distances itself from the conflation of religious and national identities in Pakistan. The minoritization of non-Muslims from the subcontinent in the film is consistent with how they are represented in certain Pakistani educational and cultural texts. Therefore the desire to embrace Pakistan's pluralistic traditions in Khuda Kay Liye is juxtaposed with a relatively uncritical stance towards non-inclusive notions of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication commonly experienced in cancer patients. Incidence of VTE typically brings poor prognosis as it represents the second most common cause of mortality in cancer patients just after the malignancy itself. Studies suggest that multiple myeloma (MM) is among the malignancies with further enhanced risk of VTE, especially in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). However, risk factors and preventative approaches remain poorly explored. Here, we explore the incidence of VTE in MM patients undergoing AHCT, while also highlighting risk factors and preventions that may aid in preventing VTE in patients who are at higher risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]