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74. Smart geographical routing protocol achieving high QoS and energy efficiency based for wireless multimedia sensor networks

Author

Hussein, Wael Ali, Mohd Ali, Borhanuddin, A. Rasid, Mohd Fadlee, Hashim, Fazirulhisyam, Hussein, Wael Ali, Mohd Ali, Borhanuddin, A. Rasid, Mohd Fadlee, and Hashim, Fazirulhisyam

Abstract

Over the recent years, multimedia applications have begun to be used over wireless sensor networks (WSN), which hitherto has been primarily used to carry small amount of data. To meet the demand for higher throughput and real-time characteristics of multimedia contents, the routing protocol need to be simplified and optimized. In this paper, we present a routing algorithm that provides a low end-to-end packet delay and low packet loss, referred to as smart, greedy forwarding algorithm based on throughput and energy-awareness (SGFTEM). This algorithm routes multimedia packets across a WSN by choosing high- throughput paths rather than always choosing the shorter path to the sink. When it encounters network holes, a network void-bypass is applied, which enhances the reliability of the network. Energy management is also implemented to extend sensor node lifetime by way of reducing the radio transmission coverage to a suitable distance reachable by the sensor nodes The simulation results shows that, SGFTEM reduces the end-to-end delay by 40% and packet loss ratio by 35% and maintain energy consumption against other algorithms. With energy management, the residual energy of sensor nodes are made to be equally distributed across the entire network which results in load balancing. The performance of SGFTEM are also compared via simulation against AGEM, TPGF, GPSR, and AODV showing superior performance under similar scenarios i.e. low packet end-to-end delay, low packet loss and load balancing of routing paths.

Published
2021

83. Authentication model based Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone

Author

Abdelhameed, Rania, Khatun, Sabira, Ali, Borhanuddin Mohd, and Ramli, Abdul Rahman

Subjects
Authentication -- Analysis, Bluetooth technology -- Usage, Bluetooth technology -- Testing, Bluetooth technology, Computers
Abstract

Abstract: Authentication is a mechanism to establish proof of identities, the authentication process ensure that who a particular user is. Current PC, laptop user authentication systems are always done once [...]

Published
2005

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