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51. NIKA2: a mm camera for cluster cosmology

Author

Guilaine Lagache, R. Zylka, A. Ritacco, Martino Calvo, J. F. Macías-Pérez, R. Adam, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, A. Catalano, C. Kramer, Peter A. R. Ade, F. Mayet, B. Comis, A. Bideaud, Simon Doyle, L. Perotto, V. Revéret, G. W. Pratt, Albrecht Sievers, Alain Benoit, H. Roussel, Herve Aussel, K. F. Schuster, S. Leclercq, Etienne Pointecouteau, Florian Ruppin, I. Bartalucci, E. F. C. Driessen, J. Goupy, Pascal André, J.-F. Lestrade, C. Romero, Nicolas Ponthieu, Carole Tucker, Alexandre Beelen, O. Bourrion, M. De Petris, Alessandro Monfardini, Giampaolo Pisano, F.-X. Désert, and Monique Arnaud

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Redshift, Galaxy, Cosmology, law.invention, Telescope, symbols.namesake, law, symbols, Cluster (physics), Angular resolution, Planck, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Galaxy clusters constitute a major cosmological probe. However, Planck 2015 results have shown\ud a weak tension between CMB-derived and cluster-derived cosmological parameters. This tension\ud might be due to poor knowledge of the cluster mass and observable relationship. As for now,\ud arcmin resolution Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) observations (e.g. SPT, ACT and Planck) only allowed\ud detailed studies of the intra cluster medium for low redshift clusters (z < 0:2). For high redshift\ud clusters ( z > 0:5) high resolution and high sensitivity SZ observations are needed. With both\ud a wide field of view (6.5 arcmin) and a high angular resolution (17.7 and 11.2 arcsec at 150\ud and 260 GHz), the NIKA2 camera installed at the IRAM 30-m telescope (Pico Veleta, Spain) is\ud particularly well adapted for these observations. The NIKA2 SZ observation program will map a\ud large sample of clusters (50) at redshifts between 0.5 and 0.9. As a pilot study for NIKA2, several\ud clusters of galaxies have been observed with the pathfinder, NIKA, at the IRAM 30-m telescope\ud to cover the various configurations and observation conditions expected for NIKA2.

Published
2017
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52. Polarimetry at millimeter wavelengths with the NIKA camera: calibration and performance

Author

Alessandro Monfardini, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, Giampaolo Pisano, Sébastien Triqueneaux, L. Rodriguez, F. Mayet, V. Revéret, Johannes Goupy, M. Rebolo-Iglesias, K. F. Schuster, Samuel Leclercq, A. Ritacco, Ph. André, Clemens Thum, Alain Benoit, A. Sievers, Simon Doyle, Enzo Pascale, Carole Tucker, R. Zylka, F.-X. Désert, Aurelien Bideaud, Gregoire Coiffard, Alexandre Beelen, R. Adam, N. Billot, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Barbara Comis, Martino Calvo, Carsten Kramer, F. Pajot, L. Perotto, Peter A. R. Ade, Charles Romero, Anaëlle Maury, Nicolas Ponthieu, Florian Ruppin, Giorgio Savini, A. Catalano, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryogénie (Cryo), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), NIKA, ANR-15-CE31-0017,NIKA2Sky,Observer le ciel en millimétrique avec la caméra NIKA2(2015), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Cryo - Cryogénie, ANR-15-CE31-0017,NIKA2Sky,Observing the millimeter sky with the NIKA2 camera(2015), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), and Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, astronomy and astrophysics, Field of view, Instrumentation, polarimeters, ISM clouds, ISM magnetic fields, polarization, space and planetary science, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Waveplate, ISM: clouds, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Stokes parameters, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, instrumentation: polarimeters, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Polarizer, Polarization (waves), symbols, ISM: magnetic fields, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Camera resectioning
Abstract

Magnetic fields, which play a major role in a large number of astrophysical processes can be traced via observations of dust polarization. In particular, Planck low-resolution observations of dust polarization have demonstrated that Galactic filamentary structures, where star formation takes place, are associated to well organized magnetic fields. A better understanding of this process requires detailed observations of galactic dust polarization on scales of 0.01 to 0.1 pc. Such high-resolution polarization observations can be carried out at the IRAM 30 m telescope using the recently installed NIKA2 camera, which features two frequency bands at 260 and 150 GHz (respectively 1.15 and 2.05 mm), the 260 GHz band being polarization sensitive. NIKA2 so far in commissioning phase, has its focal plane filled with ~3300 detectors to cover a Field of View (FoV) of 6.5 arcmin diameter. The NIKA camera, which consisted of two arrays of 132 and 224 Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKIDs) and a FWHM (Full-Width-Half-Maximum) of 12 and 18.2 arcsec at 1.15 and 2.05 mm respectively, has been operated at the IRAM 30 m telescope from 2012 to 2015 as a test-bench for NIKA2. NIKA was equipped of a room temperature polarization system (a half wave plate (HWP) and a grid polarizer facing the NIKA cryostat window). The fast and continuous rotation of the HWP permits the quasi simultaneous reconstruction of the three Stokes parameters, I, Q, and U at 150 and 260 GHz. This paper presents the first polarization measurements with KIDs and reports the polarization performance of the NIKA camera and the pertinence of the choice of the polarization setup in the perspective of NIKA2. We describe the polarized data reduction pipeline, specifically developed for this project and how the continuous rotation of the HWP permits to shift the polarized signal far from any low frequency noise. We also present the dedicated algorithm developed to correct systematic leakage effects. We report results on compact and extended sources obtained duringthe February 2015 technical campaign. These results demonstrate a good understanding of polarization systematics and state-of-the-art performance in terms of photometry, polarization degree and polarization angle reconstruction.

Published
2017

53. Photon-Noise Limited Performance in Aluminum LEKIDs

Author

Carole Tucker, Peter S. Barry, A. Bidead, Edgar Castillo, Alessandro Monfardini, J. Goupy, Simon Doyle, Martino Calvo, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, Peter A. R. Ade, S. Rowe, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryogénie (Cryo), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Noise temperature, business.industry, Noise spectral density, Y-factor, White noise, Condensed Matter Physics, Noise figure, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Resonator, Generation–recombination noise, Optics, Noise generator, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We have measured noise in aluminum lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) in dark conditions at different base temperatures and with optical illumination from a variable temperature blackbody source. LEKIDs are photon-sensitive superconducting resonators coupled to planar transmission lines. We convert variations in the raw in-phase (eI) and quadrature (eQ) signals from a fixed frequency source transmitted through a transmission line coupled to the LEKID into a measure of the fluctuation in the resonant frequency of the LEKID (ef) using the measured electrical response of the resonator to a swept frequency source. We find that the noise of the LEKID in the dark has a constant frequency fluctuation level, e f0 which is rolled off at a base temperature-dependent frequency corresponding to the quasiparticle lifetime in the device. Above this frequency, the noise is dominated by amplifier noise at a level a factor of 2-10 times lower than the low frequency white noise level depending on the quality factor of the resonator. The amplitude of this noise and the frequency cutoff agree well with the expected frequency flucution level from generation and recombination of thermal quasiparticles from a simple Mattis-Bardeen model. When we illuminate the device with a variable temperature blackbody source through a bandpass filter centered at a frequency of 150 GHz, we observe a reduction in the quasiparticle lifetime and an increase in the level of frequency fluctuation noise as the blackbody temperature is increased. This indicates that the quasiparticle number is dominated by optically generated quasiparticles and that the noise in the device is dominated by photon noise.

Published
2014

54. NIKEL_AMC: readout electronics for the NIKA2 experiment

Author

Jerome Bouvier, A. Catalano, N. Ponchant, D. Tourres, Alain Benoit, Martino Calvo, Alessandro Monfardini, C. Vescovi, G. Bosson, J. L. Bouly, C. Li, Johannes Goupy, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Cryogénie (Cryo), and NIKA2

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Volume (computing), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Inductance, Advanced Mezzanine Card, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Microwave
Abstract

The New Iram Kid Arrays-2 (NIKA2) instrument has recently been installed at the IRAM 30 m telescope. NIKA2 is a state-of-art instrument dedicated to mm-wave astronomy using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (KID) as sensors. The three arrays installed in the camera, two at 1.25 mm and one at 2.05 mm, feature a total of 3300 KIDs. To instrument these large array of detectors, a specifically designed electronics, composed of 20 readout boards and hosted in three microTCA crates, has been developed. The implemented solution and the achieved performances are presented in this paper. We find that multiplexing factors of up to 400 detectors per board can be achieved with homogeneous performance across boards in real observing conditions, and a factor of more than 3 decrease in volume with respect to previous generations., Comment: 21 pages; 16 figures

Published
2016

55. Crosstalk in a KID Array Caused by the Thickness Variation of Superconducting Metal

Author

Martino Calvo, S. Leclercq, Gregoire Coiffard, C. Boucher, K. F. Schuster, Alessandro Monfardini, J. Goupy, Christophe Hoarau, A. Adane, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Cryogénie (Cryo), and Electronique (ElecLab)

Subjects
Superconductivity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Temperature measurement, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Metal, Crosstalk, Frequency comb, Optics, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, Homogeneity (physics), visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

The work presented in this paper is focused on the improvement of the kinetic detectors used on NIKA2 instrument (New IRAM KID array 2). Based on the simulation and low temperature measurements, it aims at showing how the variations of the superconducting metal corrupt the frequency comb of the kinetic Inductance detectors (KID) in the frequency range (between 1 and 3 GHz), i.e., how the superconducting metal inhomogeneity induces the resonance-to-resonance cross-coupling which deteriorates the homogeneity of the resonance quality factor and the frequency resonance separation. Solutions are then proposed to fight against the effect of these metallic variations when designing the KID array.

Published
2016

56. WSPEC: A Waveguide Filter-Bank Focal Plane Array Spectrometer for Millimeter Wave Astronomy and Cosmology

Author

George Che, Sean Bryan, Simon Doyle, Alessandro Monfardini, Tony Mroczkowski, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, Bradley R. Johnson, Glenn Jones, Daniel Flanigan, Christopher Groppi, Heather McCarrick, James E. Aguirre, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Cardiff University, Department of Physics, Columbia University, Columbia University [New York], Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)

Subjects
spectroscopy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Feed horn, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Spectral resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Waveguide filter, Spectrometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, First light, Condensed Matter Physics, millimeter waves, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, kinetic inductance detectors, Extremely high frequency, Millimeter, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Imaging and spectroscopy at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths are key frontiers in astronomy and cosmology. Large area spectral surveys with moderate spectral resolution (R=50-200) will be used to characterize large scale structure and star formation through intensity mapping surveys in emission lines such as the CO rotational transitions. Such surveys will also be used to study the SZ effect, and will detect the emission lines and continuum spectrum of individual objects. WSPEC is an instrument proposed to target these science goals. It is a channelizing spectrometer realized in rectangular waveguide, fabricated using conventional high-precision metal machining. Each spectrometer is coupled to free space with a machined feed horn, and the devices are tiled into a 2D array to fill the focal plane of the telescope. The detectors will be aluminum Lumped-Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKIDs). To target the CO lines and SZ effect, we will have bands at 135-175 GHz and 190-250 GHz, each Nyquist-sampled at R~200 resolution. Here we discuss the instrument concept and design, and successful initial testing of a WR10 (i.e. 90 GHz) prototype spectrometer. We recently tested a WR5 (180 GHz) prototype to verify that the concept works at higher frequencies, and also designed a resonant backshort structure that may further increase the optical efficiency. We are making progress towards integrating a spectrometer with a LEKID array and deploying a prototype device to a telescope for first light., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Published
2016

57. Microfabrication Technology for Large Lekid Arrays: From Nika2 to Future Applications

Author

J. Goupy, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, A. Catalano, H. le Sueur, Alain Benoit, Martino Calvo, Alessandro Monfardini, Samuel Leclercq, Karl Schuster, Christophe Hoarau, Gregoire Coiffard, I. Peck, A. Adane, Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Cryogénie (Cryo), Electronique (ElecLab), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Fabrication, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Large array, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Coplanar waveguide, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Kinetic inductance detectors, Cardinal point, Microfabrication, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Proceedings of LTD-16; International audience; The lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKID) demonstrated full maturity in the New IRAM KID Arrays (NIKA) instrument. These results allow directly comparing LEKID performance with other competing technologies (TES, doped silicon) in the mm and sub-mm range. A continuing effort is ongoing to improve the microfabrication technologies and concepts in order to satisfy the requirements of new instruments. More precisely, future satellites dedicated to cosmic microwave background (CMB) studies will require the same focal plane technology to cover, at least, the frequency range of 60–600 GHz. Aluminium LEKID developed for NIKA have so far demonstrated, under real telescope conditions, a performance approaching photon noise limitation in the band 120–300 GHz. By implementing superconducting bi-layers, we recently demonstrated LEKID arrays working in the range 80–120 GHz and with sensitivities approaching the goals for CMB missions. NIKA itself (350 pixels) is followed by a more ambitious project requiring several thousand (3000–5000) pixels. NIKA2 has been installed in October 2015 at the IRAM 30-m telescope. We will describe in detail the technological improvements that allowed a relatively harmless tenfold up-scaling in pixels count without degrading the initial sensitivity. In particular, we will briefly describe a solution to simplify the difficult fabrication step linked to the slot-line propagation mode in coplanar waveguide.

Published
2016

58. LEKIDs Developments for mm-Wave Astronomy

Author

C. Giordano, M. Roesch, Simon Doyle, A. Cruciani, Alessandro Monfardini, C. Hoffman, Henry G. LeDuc, Karl Schuster, Christophe Hoarau, N. Boudou, Martino Calvo, Alain Benoit, and Philip Daniel Mauskopf

Subjects
Physics, Fabrication, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Frequency-division multiplexing, Dual-polarization interferometry, Optics, General Materials Science, Sensitivity (control systems), Electronics, business, Microwave
Abstract

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have recently drawn the attention of the low-temperature detectors community. Easy fabrication, high sensitivity, small time constants and most notably the intrinsic capability to frequency multiplexing open new possibilities to applications that need very large array sizes and/or high speed read-out. Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKIDs) designed and fabricated in our collaboration have already shown good on sky performances, but new developments are needed for future multi-thousands-pixels instruments. In this contribution we present such ongoing developments: a new LEKIDs design, optimized to be dual polarization sensitive; use of new materials such as TiN in order to reach better signal to noise ratios; new solutions to minimize the cross-talk between pixels in order to achieve a better control of the resonance positions in frequency space. We discuss present lab measurements of the optical performances and recent improvements of the read-out electronics.

Published
2012

59. X-Ray Imaging Using LEKIDs

Author

M. Roesch, Alessandro Monfardini, A. Cruciani, Loren J. Swenson, Martino Calvo, and N. Boudou

Subjects
Physics, Digital electronics, multiplexing, Photon, lekid, kinetic inductance detector, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Data loss, Condensed Matter Physics, Multiplexing, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, Scalability, General Materials Science, Wafer, business
Abstract

We present the detection of 5.9 keV X-rays in a silicon wafer utilising an array of frequency multiplexed Kinetic Inductance Detectors. The readout electronics consists of a programmable digital electronics with an integrated 12-bit ADC, operating with a maximum frequency of 100 MHz. We implement a lumped element geometry, realising pixels as small as possible in order to achieve better position resolution. The whole system allows the simultaneous readout of 14 pixels with a bandwidth of 300 kHz, but it is easily scalable up to 100 pixels. A higher bandwidth detection, with less pixels, allows the reconstruction of the photon absorption position in the substrate up to hundreds of microns. This technological development could be applied in the next future to large area X-Ray Imaging. A better understanding of high energy photon and particle detection is also crucial for the space implementation of LEKIDs for mm-astronomy, where data loss due to Cosmic particles could be a major issue.

Published
2012

60. Kinetic inductance detectors for millimeter and submillimeter astronomy

Author

Martino Calvo, Alessandro Monfardini, N. Boudou, Alain Benoit, Francois-Xavier Désert, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, and M. Roesch

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Kinetic inductance detectors, Detector, General Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Submillimetre astronomy, Kinetic inductance, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Extremely high frequency, Millimeter, 0210 nano-technology, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

We present recent developments in Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID) for large arrays of detectors. The main application is ground-based millimeter wave astronomy. We focus in particular, as a case study, on our own experiment: NIKA (Neel IRAM KID Arrays). NIKA is today the best in-the-field experiment using KID-based instruments, and consists of a dual-band imaging system designed for the IRAM 30 meter telescope at Pico Veleta. We describe in this article, after a general context introduction, the KID working principle and the readout electronics, crucial to take advantage of the intrinsic KID multiplexability. We conclude with a small subset of the astronomical sources observed simultaneously at 2 mm and 1.4 mm by NIKA during the last run, held in October 2010.

Published
2012

61. Antenna-coupled arrays of NbSi micro-bolometers

Author

Laurent Bergé, L. Dumoulin, S. Marnieros, Sophie Collin, Alessandro Monfardini, C. Hoffmann, Alain Benoit, Benoit Belier, Philippe Camus, Aurelien Bideaud, Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSNSM INSTR, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Cryogénie (Cryo), CSNSM PS1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Fabrication, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Bolometer, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Insulator (electricity), Bolometers, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], law.invention, mm-wave astronomy, 010309 optics, Planar antennas, Antenna, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], business, Arrays, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

Microbolometers are at present the most sensitive detectors for mm and sub-mm Astronomy. They are in use in most of the present instruments in that bandwidth. We have developed filled arrays of NbSi-based planar antenna coupled microbolometers. The fabrication details are given, together with characterization of the NbSi thermometers and optical results. The optical performances are potentially good for ground-based mm-wave astronomy applications, while the overall detectors performances are limited by low-frequency excess noise in the thermometric NbSi high-impedance sensors (Anderson insulator).

Published
2011

62. The NIKA2 large-field-of-view millimetre continuum camera for the 30 m IRAM telescope

Author

Guilaine Lagache, J. Goupy, K. F. Schuster, C. Romero, A. Bideaud, Rhodri Evans, C. Kramer, S. Navarro, Florian Ruppin, Ph. André, N. Billot, Andrew Rigby, F. Mayet, Carole Tucker, B. Comis, Alessandro Monfardini, A. Adane, Andrea Bracco, S. Triqueneaux, R. Zylka, F.-X. Désert, J.-F. Lestrade, R. Adam, J.-P. Leggeri, Giampaolo Pisano, Simon Doyle, A. Andrianasolo, Alain Benoit, E. F. C. Driessen, Enzo Pascale, A. Catalano, V. Revéret, S. Leclercq, Alexandre Beelen, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, M. De Petris, Martino Calvo, Gregoire Coiffard, Peter A. R. Ade, L. Perotto, A. Ritacco, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, H. Roussel, Nicolas Ponthieu, Herve Aussel, Anaëlle Maury, Albrecht Sievers, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE ( LAGRANGE ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble ( IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille ( LAM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ), Institut Néel ( NEEL ), Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica ( IRAM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique ( IRAM ), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique ( LERMA ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
submillimeter: galaxies, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, media_common, Physics, instrumentation: detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, instrumentation: polarimeters, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation: detectors, Instrumentation: photometers, Instrumentation: polarimeters, Submillimeter: galaxies, Submillimeter: ISM, Space and Planetary Science, Galaxy, instrumentation: photometers, Cardinal point, Sky, submillimeter: ISM, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radio astronomy
Abstract

Millimeter-wave continuum astronomy is today an indispensable tool for both general Astrophysics studies and Cosmology. General purpose, large field-of-view instruments are needed to map the sky at intermediate angular scales not accessible by the high-resolution interferometers and by the coarse angular resolution space-borne or ground-based surveys. These instruments have to be installed at the focal plane of the largest single-dish telescopes. In this context, we have constructed and deployed a multi-thousands pixels dual-band (150 and 260 GHz, respectively 2mm and 1.15mm wavelengths) camera to image an instantaneous field-of-view of 6.5arc-min and configurable to map the linear polarization at 260GHz. We are providing a detailed description of this instrument, named NIKA2 (New IRAM KID Arrays 2), in particular focusing on the cryogenics, the optics, the focal plane arrays based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID) and the readout electronics. We are presenting the performance measured on the sky during the commissioning runs that took place between October 2015 and April 2017 at the 30-meter IRAM (Institut of Millimetric Radio Astronomy) telescope at Pico Veleta. NIKA2 has been successfully deployed and commissioned, performing in-line with the ambitious expectations. In particular, NIKA2 exhibits FWHM angular resolutions of around 11 and 17.5 arc-seconds at respectively 260 and 150GHz. The NEFD (Noise Equivalent Flux Densities) demonstrated on the maps are, at these two respective frequencies, 33 and 8 mJy*sqrt(s). A first successful science verification run has been achieved in April 2017. The instrument is currently offered to the astronomical community during the coming winter and will remain available for at least the next ten years., Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press

Published
2018

63. Bolometer array developments in the DCMB collaboration

Author

B. Bélier, Alessandro Monfardini, L. Dumoulin, Alain Benoit, Ph. Camus, Loren J. Swenson, S. Marnieros, C. Hoffmann, Yong Jin, A. Bideau, and Stéphane Collin

Subjects
Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Bolometer, General Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Multiplexing, law.invention, Telescope, High impedance, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, law, business, High resolution imaging
Abstract

In the framework of the DCMB (Developpement Concerte de Matrices de Bolometres) collaboration we develop low temperature bolometer arrays for large field, high resolution imaging in astrophysics. DCMB is a R&D effort funded by CNES and CNRS involving a number of French laboratories. Two parallel developments have been made in this collaboration based on the NbSi alloy either semi-conducting or superconducting depending on the Nb concentration. Multiplexing schemes have been developed and demonstrated for these two options. Here we focus on high impedance bolometers and present two examples of array developments in progress: first, a 23 pixels array for the balloon-borne instrument OLIMPO and, second, 204 pixels for ground based observations with the 30 m IRAM telescope.

Published
2009

64. Kinetic Inductance Detectors development for mm-wave Astronomy

Author

Loren J. Swenson, Philippe Camus, C. Hoffmann, A. Bideau, G. Garde, Alain Benoit, H. Rodenas, Alessandro Monfardini, J. Minet, and G. Bres

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Engineering, Photodetector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Multiplexing, Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, law, business, Microwave
Abstract

Throughout the last decades, development of low-temperat- ure detectors focused mainly on the design of high-sensitivity, single-pixel devices. This includes such devices as semiconductor-based photodetectors and bolometers, Magnetic Metallic Calorimeters (MMC), Superconducting Tunnel Junctions (STJ), and Transition Edge Sensors (TES). However, these devices have had limited success in achieving the simultaneous large-scale array sizes and large-bandwidth operation necessary for high-speed, high-resolution detection. To overcome this performance limitation, it is advisable to focus on low-temperature detectors which are intrinsically adapted to giant-array multiplexing and ultra-fast readout. To adopt large scale frequency-domain multiplexing for low-temperature detectors, it is necessary to find detectors which“broadcast” at microwave frequencies. Superconducting microwave resonators naturally lend themselves to this task. One recent demonstration is an implementation known as Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs). This detection mechanism can be adopted for low-energy EM radiation (radio, mm, THz) in continuous mode, or in pulsed mode for higher energy radiation and particles. We present an ongoing development for a KIDs instrument dedicated to millimetric ground-based observations at the 30m IRAM telescope at Pico Veleta. The Neel IRAM KIDs Array (NIKA) project is coordinated in Grenoble and involves groups in Holland (SRON), UK (Cardiff) and Italy (Roma).

Published
2009

65. Cryogenic Design of the Setup for MARE-1 in Milan

Author

C. Arnaboldi, M. Sisti, A. Nucciotti, D. McCammon, Emanuele Ferri, G. Ceruti, Benno Margesin, Caroline A. Kilbourne, G. Pessina, D. Schaeffer, Alessandro Monfardini, Ezio Previtali, S. Kraft-Bermuth, Schaeffer, D, Arnaboldi, C, Ceruti, G, Ferri, E, Kilbourne, C, Kraft Bermuth, S, Margesin, B, Mccammon, D, Monfardini, A, Nucciotti, A, Pessina, G, Previtali, E, and Sisti, M

Subjects
Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Thermistor, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Noise (electronics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry, Cryogenic Design, General Materials Science, Electronics, Sensitivity (control systems), Aerospace engineering, Neutrino, business, Electrical impedance
Abstract

A large worldwide collaboration is growing around the project of Micro-calorimeter Arrays for a Rhenium Experiment (MARE) for a direct calorimetric measurement of the neutrino mass. To validate the use of cryogenic detectors by checking the presence of unexpected systematic errors, two first experiments are planned using the available techniques composed of arrays of 300 detectors to measure 1010 events in a reasonable time of 3 years (step MARE-1) to reach a sensitivity on the neutrino mass of ∼2 eV/c2. Our experiment in Milan is based on compensated doped silicon implanted thermistor arrays made in NASA/GSFC and on AgReO4 crystals. We present here the design of the cryogenic system that integrates all the requirements for such experiment (electronics for high impedances, low parasitic capacitances, low micro-phonic noise).

Published
2008

66. A Time Domain Multiplexer for Large Arrays of High Impedance Low Temperature Bolometers

Author

E. Grémion, Alain Benoit, Philippe Camus, Bernard Etienne, Samuel Leclercq, Alessandro Monfardini, S. J. C. Yates, Yong Jin, C. Hoffmann, T. Durand, Antonella Cavanna, and Ulf Gennser

Subjects
Physics, FET amplifier, business.industry, Bolometer, Condensed Matter Physics, Multiplexer, Capacitance, Multiplexing, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, High impedance, law, Filter (video), Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Time domain, business
Abstract

We present a time domain multiplexer for high impedance bolometer arrays. It is based on the use of quantum-point-contact high-electron-mobility-transistors (QPC-HEMTs) as low temperature switches and a cold FET amplifier with programmable auto-zero-circuit. We employ the high bolometer resistance (about 10 MΩ) in parallel with a capacitance as antialiasing filter. A new generation of QPC-HEMT reaches a noise level close to the expected one. We will use this approach to multiplex the pixels of a mm-wave bolometric camera destined for the 30 meter IRAM telescope at Pico Veleta.

Published
2008

67. Development and Characterization of Microcalorimeters for a Next Generation 187Re Beta-Decay Experiment

Author

C. Arnaboldi, D. McCammon, A. Nucciotti, Emanuele Ferri, G. Pessina, Alessandro Monfardini, Ezio Previtali, Caroline A. Kilbourne, S. Kraft-Bermuth, D. Schaeffer, M. Sisti, Benno Margesin, Kraft Bermuth, S, Arnaboldi, C, Ferri, E, Kilbourne, C, Margesin, B, Mccammon, D, Monfardini, A, Nucciotti, A, Pessina, G, Previtali, E, Schaeffer, D, and Sisti, M

Subjects
187Re, Physics, Silicon, Thermistor, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Beta decay, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Characterization (materials science), Nuclear physics, chemistry, General Materials Science, KATRIN
Abstract

It has been demonstrated in the past that observing the β-decay spectrum of 187Re with microbolometers provides a suitable method to determine the mass of the electron anti-neutrino from β-endpoint measurements. In a first step, with the experiment MIBETA a sensitivity ofmνe ≤ 15 eV/c2 was achieved. To compete with the sensitivity of mνe ≤ 2.2 eV/c2 established by the Mainz/Troitsk tritium β-decay experiment and the limit of mνe ≤ 0.2 eV/c2 aimed at with KATRIN, a new experiment MARE has been initiated. As a first stage (MARE-1), 300 detectors consisting of silicon implanted thermistors, produced by NASA/GSFC, and absorbers of AgReO4 crystals will be mounted. To optimize the experimental setup, a test array was equipped with 10 AgReO4 crystals of various size and shape. The influence of the crystal quality as well as of different types of resin on rise time and energy resolution was investigated

Published
2008

68. SPACEKIDS: Kinetic inductance detector arrays for space applications

Author

A. Gomez-Gutierrez, T. M. Klapwijk, A. D’Addabbo, B. Blazquez, M. Grim, A. Bideaud, Jesús Martín-Pintado, Alessandro Monfardini, Simon Doyle, J. Bueno, Jochem J. A. Baselmans, Andrea Neto, Ian Walker, S. J. C. Yates, Ken Wood, H. Steenbeck, Peter Charles Hargrave, J. L. Costa-Kramer, Peter S. Barry, J. Goupy, Matthew Joseph Griffin, Martino Calvo, L. Ferrari, Andrey M. Baryshev, and Nuria Llombart

Subjects
Physics, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, Kinetic inductance detectors, Electrical engineering, Readout electronics, Sensitivity (control systems), Space (mathematics), business
Abstract

Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) offer excellent sensitivity in the THz region combined with ease of operation. The SPACEKIDS project is working on developments needed to enable this technology for space. It includes development of antenna-coupled and lumped-element KIDS, and of the necessary readout electronics. KID arrays have been developed for both low-background (astrophysical) and high-background (Earth-observing) applications. Two laboratory demonstrator systems are now being used to evaluate kilo-pixel array characteristics and performance in an environment representative of both astronomy (low background) and Earth observing (high-background) applications.

Published
2015

69. LEKIDs as mm-Wave Polarisation Analysers: Fabrication, Test Bench and Early Results

Author

A. Tartari, Martino Calvo, I. Moric, Alessandro Monfardini, D. Cammilleri, T. Decourcelle, N. Bleurvacq, M. Piat, D. Prêle, B. Bélier, G. F. Smoot, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)

Subjects
Physics, Test bench, Fabrication, Pixel, business.industry, Polarimetry, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Cosmic microwave background, Wavelength, Resonator, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, LEKIDs, General Materials Science, Wafer, Cartesian coordinate system, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

We have demonstrated in an earlier paper that LEKIDs can be used in a polarisation selective way in a filled array configuration. A polarised response can be achieved by means of thick Nb polarising grids lithographed on the rear side of a 300 microns silicon wafer, on which Al resonators have been previously patterned. In the most interesting scheme that we have investigated, a unit cell formed by 4 pixels (2 by 2) responds simultaneously to two orthogonal (cartesian) polarisation states. To assess the effectiveness of this detection scheme, we have fabricated a first generation of devices (9 small arrays, 20–25 pixels each, on a 4 $$^{\prime \prime }$$ Silicon wafer) by using a double-sided mask aligner suitable for a precise positioning of the individual grids in correspondence of each resonator’s meander, for the different LEKID geometries. We describe here the realisation of these first devices. The construction of a dedicated polarimetric test bench is also described in this contribution, together with the first characterisation results. We consider this activity as a first and necessary step to evaluate the polarisation purity attainable with polarisation-sensitive pixels whose size is comparable to the wavelength. This is a fundamental information to drive further studies.

Published
2015

70. The NIKA2 instrument, a dual-band kilopixel KID array for millimetric astronomy

Author

S. Triqueneaux, Gregoire Coiffard, N. Billot, A. Ritacco, J. Goupy, R. Zylka, C. Vescovi, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, B. Comis, Enzo Pascale, J.-P. Leggeri, C. Kramer, Peter A. R. Ade, A. Bideaud, F. Pajot, M. Grollier, L. Perotto, Simon Doyle, Pascale Andre, J. Martino, Martino Calvo, M. Rebolo, D. Tourres, Albrecht Sievers, A. Beelen, F. Mayet, Alain Benoit, A. Catalano, G. Garde, V. Revéret, B. Bélier, R. Adam, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, K. F. Schuster, C. Tucker, A. Adane, A. D'Addabbo, S. Leclercq, J.-P. Scordilis, Nicolas Ponthieu, L. Rodriguez, G. Pont, F.-X. Désert, Alessandro Monfardini, G. Bres, Giorgio Savini, E. Barria, Cryo - Cryogénie, Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ElecLab - Electronique, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NIKA2, Cryogénie (Cryo), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electronique (ElecLab), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Electronique (NEEL - ElecLab), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Pixel, Computer science, Kinetic inductance detectors, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, mm-wave astronomy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Materials Science (all), Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, IRAM 30m telescope, law.invention, Telescope, Pathfinder, law, 0103 physical sciences, Extremely high frequency, General Materials Science, Multi-band device, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

NIKA2 (New IRAM KID Array 2) is a camera dedicated to millimeter wave astronomy based upon kilopixel arrays of Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID). The pathfinder instrument, NIKA, has already shown state-of-the-art detector performance. NIKA2 builds upon this experience but goes one step further, increasing the total pixel count by a factor $\sim$10 while maintaining the same per pixel performance. For the next decade, this camera will be the resident photometric instrument of the Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique (IRAM) 30m telescope in Sierra Nevada (Spain). In this paper we give an overview of the main components of NIKA2, and describe the achieved detector performance. The camera has been permanently installed at the IRAM 30m telescope in October 2015. It will be made accessible to the scientific community at the end of 2016, after a one-year commissioning period. When this happens, NIKA2 will become a fundamental tool for astronomers worldwide., Comment: Proceedings of the 16th Low Temperature Detectors workshop. To be published in the Journal of Low Temperature Physics. 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Published
2015

71. Bi-layer Kinetic Inductance detectors for space observations between 80-120 GHz

Author

L. Dumoulin, H. Le Sueur, Martino Calvo, Nicolas Ponthieu, S. Marnieros, J. Goupy, Alessandro Monfardini, A. D'Addabbo, F. Levy-Bertrand, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, A. Catalano, Alain Benoit, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSNSM PS1, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Cryogénie (Cryo), Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (MagSup), and NIKA

Subjects
Cryostat, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Frequency band, Terahertz radiation, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, 7. Clean energy, Optics, space vehicles: instruments, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, instrumentation: detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis, Interferometry, Space and Planetary Science, Proximity effect (audio), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract

We have developed Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKID) sensitive in the frequency band from 80 to 120~GHz. In this work, we take advantage of the so-called proximity effect to reduce the superconducting gap of Aluminium, otherwise strongly suppressing the LEKID response for frequencies smaller than 100~GHz. We have designed, produced and optically tested various fully multiplexed arrays based on multi-layers combinations of Aluminium (Al) and Titanium (Ti). Their sensitivities have been measured using a dedicated closed-circle 100 mK dilution cryostat and a sky simulator allowing to reproduce realistic observation conditions. The spectral response has been characterised with a Martin-Puplett interferometer up to THz frequencies, and with a resolution of 3~GHz. We demonstrate that Ti-Al LEKID can reach an optical sensitivity of about $1.4$ $10^{-17}$~$W/Hz^{0.5}$ (best pixel), or $2.2$ $10^{-17}$~$W/Hz^{0.5}$ when averaged over the whole array. The optical background was set to roughly 0.4~pW per pixel, typical for future space observatories in this particular band. The performance is close to a sensitivity of twice the CMB photon noise limit at 100~GHz which drove the design of the Planck HFI instrument. This figure remains the baseline for the next generation of millimetre-wave space satellites., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, submitted to A&A

Published
2015

72. STUDIO OSSERVAZIONALE SULL’INTEGRAZIONE CON LICOPENE BIOLOGICO NELLA DEGENERAZIONE MACULARE LEGATA ALL’ETÀ (DMLE): CARATTERISTICHE IN CONDIZIONI BASALI DEI PAZIENTI

Author

Altimari, Simona, Paola, Avanza, Marco, Balestrieri, Bruno, Barbati, Gianfranco, Bellizzi), Bianco, Antonio, Giuseppe, Bona, Walter, Calcatelli, Giovanni, Canoro, Giorgio, Capovilla, Maurizio, Chiaravalli, Cipolla, Stefano, Pasquale, Claudio, Francesco, Ciucci, Chiara, Ciurl, Francesco, Contento, Coppola, Michele, Barbara, Cordiani, Savino, D'Amelio, Stefano Da Dalt, Paolo, Danzi, Angelina De Luca, Roberto Di Bari, Chiara, Eandi, Romolo, Fedeli, Maria Cristina Ferrucci, Pietro, Fioretto, Elena, Frates, Raphael, Gallo, Giancarlo, Iarossi, Ananio La Marina, Maria, Latorre, Salvatore, Longo, Vincenzo, Lorusso, Luca, Maestroni, Mohammad, Mahmudy, Antonio, Manfrè, Michele, Marino, Enrico, Martini, Amedeo, Massacesi, Antonio, Mastrorarino, Piergiorgio, Mattana, Bruno, Migliore), Angelo, Minnella, Francesco, Molfino, Alessandro, Monfardini, Gaspare, Nicoletti, Antonio, Occhiuto, Pacella, Elena, Giorgio, Pacelli, Pappalardo, Giuseppe, Franco, Passani, Claudio, Pennesi, Francesco, Pichi, Assuntino, Piegari, Francesca, Pietrolucci, Marco, Pinca, Luigi, Pucino, Roberta, Ricci, Michele, Rinaldi, Livio, Sabatini, Giovanni, Sato, Giuseppe, Scalia, Giovanni, Scorcia, Rossella, Sirtori, Antonio, Solimeo, Domenico, Spampinato, Alessandra, Tavola, Elvira, Terminio, Luigina, Tollot, Emanuela, Traversa, Maria, Vadalà, Franco, Valdi, Tommaso, Verdina, and Zompatori, Luigi

Subjects
Licopene Biologico, Macula, Degenerazione Maculare, Licopene Biologico, Degenerazione Maculare, Macula
Published
2015

73. High-energy interactions in Kinetic Inductance Detectors arrays

Author

A. Catalano, Johannes Goupy, Martino Calvo, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, A. D'Addabbo, Alessandro Monfardini, A. Benoit, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, High energy, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Kinetic inductance detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Space exploration, Computational physics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Inductance, On board, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The impacts of Cosmic Rays on the detectors are a key problem for space-based missions. We are studying the effects of such interactions on arrays of Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID), in order to adapt this technology for use on board of satellites. Before proposing a new technology such as the Kinetic Inductance Detectors for a space-based mission, the problem of the Cosmic Rays that hit the detectors during in-flight operation has to be studied in detail. We present here several tests carried out with KID exposed to radioactive sources, which we use to reproduce the physical interactions induced by primary Cosmic Rays, and we report the results obtained adopting different solutions in terms of substrate materials and array geometries. We conclude by outlining the main guidelines to follow for fabricating KID for space-based applications.

Published
2015
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74. A mm-Wave Polarisation Analyser Using LEKIDs: Strategy and Preliminary Numerical Results

Author

G. F. Smoot, B. Bélier, V. D. Cammilleri, Alessandro Monfardini, D. Prêle, Martino Calvo, A. Tartari, M. Piat, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryogénie (Cryo), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Cryo - Cryogénie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo), and Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Pixel, business.industry, Detector, Analyser, Cosmic microwave background, Polarimetry, Context (language use), Polarimeter, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Resonator, Optics, General Materials Science, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The context of this study is the development of polarisation sensitive detectors in view of future Cosmic Microwave Background experiments. Our goal is to demonstrate the possibility to make a mm-wave polarisation analyser at 150 GHz using Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKIDs). Although LEKIDs are very attractive for the relative ease of fabrication, they have an intrinsic optical response which is weakly polarisation-senstive, i.e. orthogonal linear polarisations are absorbed with comparable efficiencies (with a separation typically not exceeding few dB). To overcome this difficulty, we achieve a polarised response by means of small ( $$\sim \lambda \times \lambda $$ ) superconducting Nb wire-grids. Each grid is deposited on the rear side of the 300 micron Si substrate, on which 20 nm Al resonators are patterned, so that each pixel may in principle respond as an independent polarisation analyser. Simulations show encouraging results, with a deep (-20 dB) rejection of the unwanted polarisation. Although what we present here is not yet a polarimeter, this pilot study allows us to address some relevant questions that may be crucial in view of a full polarimetric architecture development. In particular, our first prototypes will allow to assess the behaviour of small grids, the interaction between adjacent polarised pixels, and to choose the most suitable resonator geometry. What we present here are preliminary design results about devices which are currently being realised, and soon ready for optical response characterisation.

Published
2014

75. Optimization of kinetic inductance detectors for millimeter and submillimeter wave detection

Author

C. Boucher, Gregoire Coiffard, S. Leclercq, S. Pignard, K. F. Schuster, B. Barbier, A. Adane, Alessandro Monfardini, Johannes Goupy, and Martino Calvo

Subjects
Wire bonding, Wavelength, Optics, Materials science, Etching (microfabrication), business.industry, Planar array, Extremely high frequency, Detector, Optoelectronics, Millimeter, Substrate (electronics), business
Abstract

We present the latest improvements of lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) for the NIKA camera at the 30-m telescope of IRAM at Pico Veleta (Spain) [1]. LEKIDs are direct absorption detectors for millimeter wavelength and represent a particularly efficient concept of planar array continuum detectors for the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength range. To improve the detector radiation coupling over a wider frequency range, a combination of backplane reflector and a supplementary layer of dielectric between silicon substrate and backplane has been successfully explored. To this end we apply deep silicon etching to the substrate in order to decrease its effective dielectric constant in an intermediate layer. In the first generation of LEKIDs array, the response is disturbed by the presence of slot-modes in the frequency multiplexing coplanar feed/readout line, an effect which was reduced when applying wire bonding across the readout line. Superconducting air-bridges can be integrated into the array fabrication process. The suppression of slot-modes also reduces undesired cross-talk between pixels. Our current KID detectors are made of very thin aluminum films, but with a thickness of less than 20 nm we have reached some limitations concerning the layout and material processing. Following the results from Leduc et al. [2], we developed non-stoichiometric titanium nitride (TiN) at IRAM as an alternative material. We focus on the work done to achieve reproducible and homogenous films with the required transition temperature for mm-wave detection. We present characterization techniques that allow room temperature measurements to be correlated to the transition temperature of TiN x and first measurements on a test sample.

Published
2014

76. The NIKA 2013-2014 observation campaigns: control of systematic effects and results

Author

Johannes Goupy, J. Martino, A. Bideaud, A. Ritacco, Nicolas Ponthieu, V. Revéret, S. Leclercq, Alexandre Beelen, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Giorgio Savini, K. F. Schuster, A. D'Addabbo, F. X. Désert, R. Zylka, Ph. André, Etienne Pointecouteau, Martino Calvo, F. Pajot, Enzo Pascale, Peter A. R. Ade, Albrecht Sievers, C. Kramer, A. Adane, L. Rodriguez, L. Perotto, Aurélien Benoit, N. Boudou, B. Comis, Simon Doyle, R. Adam, A. Catalano, P. D. Mauskopf, Carole Tucker, Gregoire Coiffard, N. Billot, F. Mayet, B. Bélier, and Alessandro Monfardini

Subjects
Physics, Telescope, law, Sky, Kinetic inductance detectors, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, law.invention, media_common
Abstract

The New IRAM KID Array (NIKA) is a dual-band camera operating with frequency multiplexed arrays of Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKIDs) cooled to 100 mK. NIKA is designed to observe the intensity and polarisation of the sky at 1.25 and 2.14 mm from the IRAM 30 m telescope. We present the improvements on the control of systematic effects and astrophysical results made during the last observation campaigns between 2012 and 2014.

Published
2014

77. Study of the behavior of cross-talk in Hilbert KID array using Sonnet software

Author

Alessandro Monfardini, A. Adane, K. F. Schuster, J. Goupy, Manuel Calvo, Gregoire Coiffard, Christophe Hoarau, and S. Leclercq

Subjects
Physics, Sonnet, Resonator, Optics, Software, business.industry, Kinetic inductance detectors, Superconducting resonators, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Resonance, Photonics, business, Ground plane
Abstract

The study presented in this article, aims at ameliorating the photonic detection for the NIKA (New IRAM KID Array) camera. It mainly consists in simulating this array of superconducting resonators, also called Hilbert KID (Kinetic Inductance Detector), using the Sonnet software, understanding the nature of the cross-talk between these resonators and optimizing the design of this kind of superconductor array. Such a study highlights the effect of the ground plane on the resonance characteristics of the Hilbert-KID array. It also allows getting the best distance between neighboring resonators, which makes the cross-talk negligible. Thanks to this study, an improved configuration of our KID array is found, where the cross-talk is significantly reduced. This result is obtained by optimizing the shape of the ground plane that separates the resonators from each other.

Published
2014

78. Impact of particles on the Planck HFI detectors: Ground-based measurements and physical interpretation

Author

Francois-Xavier Désert, Y. Giraud-Héraud, Philippe Camus, M. Piat, Alessandro Monfardini, A. Miniussi, W. Holmes, E. Bréele, A. Sauvé, A. Coulais, Noël Coron, James J. Bock, A. Catalano, A. Pelissier, M. Charra, M. I. Martínez, Locke D. Spencer, B. P. Crill, W. C. Jones, Y. Atik, D. Santos, M. Chabot, C. Renault, L. Fauvet, Alain Benoit, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, J.-M. Lamarre, F. Pajot, O. Guillaudin, Peter A. R. Ade, C. Rosset, Guillaume Patanchon, Jean-Loup Puget, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryo - Cryogénie, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANCK, PLANCK-HFI, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Cryogénie (Cryo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Electromagnetic spectrum, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, cosmic rays, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic rays, Instrumentation: detectors, Methods: data analysis, Space vehicles: instruments, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, space vehicles: instruments, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), QB, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, instrumentation: detectors, Bolometer, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, methods: data analysis, Computational physics, Glitch, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 13. Climate action, Millimeter, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Noise (radio)
Abstract

The Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) surveyed the sky continuously from August 2009 to January 2012. Its noise and sensitivity performance were excellent, but the rate of cosmic ray impacts on the HFI detectors was unexpectedly high. Furthermore, collisions of cosmic rays with the focal plane produced transient signals in the data (glitches) with a wide range of characteristics. A study of cosmic ray impacts on the HFI detector modules has been undertaken to categorize and characterize the glitches, to correct the HFI time-ordered data, and understand the residual effects on Planck maps and data products. This paper presents an evaluation of the physical origins of glitches observed by the HFI detectors. In order to better understand the glitches observed by HFI in flight, several ground-based experiments were conducted with flight-spare HFI bolometer modules. The experiments were conducted between 2010 and 2013 with HFI test bolometers in different configurations using varying particles and impact energies. The bolometer modules were exposed to 23 MeV protons from the Orsay IPN TANDEM accelerator, and to $^{241}$Am and $^{244}$Cm $\alpha$-particle and $^{55}$Fe radioactive X-ray sources. The calibration data from the HFI ground-based preflight tests were used to further characterize the glitches and compare glitch rates with statistical expectations under laboratory conditions. Test results provide strong evidence that the dominant family of glitches observed in flight are due to cosmic ray absorption by the silicon die substrate on which the HFI detectors reside. Glitch energy is propagated to the thermistor by ballistic phonons, while there is also a thermal diffusion contribution. The implications of these results for future satellite missions, especially those in the far-infrared to sub-millimetre and millimetre regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, are discussed., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures

Published
2014

79. Characterization and Physical Explanation of Energetic Particles on Planck HFI Instrument

Author

Alain Benoit, J.-M. Lamarre, Peter A. R. Ade, A. Pelissier, A. Catalano, Y. Giraud-Héraud, D. Santos, B. P. Crill, E. Bréele, A. Sauvé, Locke D. Spencer, C. Rosset, F.-X. Désert, Guillaume Patanchon, Alessandro Monfardini, W. Holmes, M. Charra, F. Pajot, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, Noël Coron, L. Fauvet, Y. Atik, J. F. Macías-Pérez, A. Coulais, O. Guillaudin, Philippe Camus, M. Piat, A. Miniussi, C. Renault, M. I. Martínez, W. C. Jones, James J. Bock, Jean-Loup Puget, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Cryogénie (Cryo), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Cosmologie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), PLANCK, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Physics, Princeton University (DPPU), Princeton University, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Cryo - Cryogénie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], symbols.namesake, law, Thermal, General Materials Science, Planck, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Spacecraft, business.industry, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, Sky, symbols, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Noise (radio)
Abstract

The Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) has been surveying the sky continuously from the second Lagrangian point (L2) between August 2009 and January 2012. It operates with 52 high impedance bolometers cooled at 100mK in a range of frequency between 100 GHz and 1THz with unprecedented sensivity, but strong coupling with cosmic radiation. At L2, the particle flux is about 5 $cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ and is dominated by protons incident on the spacecraft. Protons with an energy above 40MeV can penetrate the focal plane unit box causing two different effects: glitches in the raw data from direct interaction of cosmic rays with detectors (producing a data loss of about 15% at the end of the mission) and thermal drifts in the bolometer plate at 100mK adding non-gaussian noise at frequencies below 0.1Hz. The HFI consortium has made strong efforts in order to correct for this effect on the time ordered data and final Planck maps. This work intends to give a view of the physical explanation of the glitches observed in the HFI instrument in-flight. To reach this goal, we performed several ground-based experiments using protons and $\alpha$ particles to test the impact of particles on the HFI spare bolometers with a better control of the environmental conditions with respect to the in-flight data. We have shown that the dominant part of glitches observed in the data comes from the impact of cosmic rays in the silicon die frame supporting the micro-machinced bolometric detectors propagating energy mainly by ballistic phonons and by thermal diffusion. The implications of these results for future satellite missions will be discussed., Comment: LTD-15 Conference

Published
2014

80. Cystoid macular edema after pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane

Author

Bruno Mario Cesana, Sajish Pinackatt, Barbara Parolini, Andrea Baldi, Alessandro Monfardini, M. Sartore, Francesco Semeraro, Adriana Bratu, and Rino Frisina

Subjects
Pars plana, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Visual Acuity, Vitrectomy, Cataract Extraction, Macular Edema, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Postoperative Complications, Internal limiting membrane, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Intraoperative Complications, Macular edema, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Incidence, Pars plana vitrectomy, Retrospective cohort study, Epiretinal Membrane, Odds ratio, Cataract surgery, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Sensory Systems, Central foveal thickness, medicine.anatomical_structure, Intraretinal cyst, Female, Epiretinal membrane, medicine.symptom, business, Cystoid macular edema
Abstract

To evaluate the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without combined cataract surgery for the treatment of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series. Data included patient age, indication for surgery, and intra- and post-operative complications. The follow-up lasted 1 year. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA logMAR), central foveal thickness (CFT micron-μ) and the incidence of intra-retinal cysts were evaluated. CME was defined as post-operative observation of intra-retinal cysts at optical coherence tomography, preventing improvement or causing reduction of BCVA when compared to the pre-operative value. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of CME. Two hundred and forty two eyes of 242 patients underwent PPV for the treatment of idiopathic ERM. Statistical analysis showed that the presence of preoperative intra-retinal cysts were associated with persistent CME following surgery (odds ratio 3.89; 95%CI: 1.63–9.28, P = 0.0004). However, postoperative CME occurred in 10 % of eyes that did not show preoperative CME. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the baseline value of CFT and the values of CFT at each time point during the follow up (p

Published
2014

81. First observation of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect with Kinetic Inductance Detectors

Author

F. Pajot, Alessandro Monfardini, F. Mayet, Pascal André, A. Sievers, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, L. Rodriguez, V. Revéret, Samuel Leclercq, Martino Calvo, J. Martino, Carole Tucker, Nicolas Ponthieu, R. Zylka, Enzo Pascale, Aurelien Bideaud, Giorgio Savini, Etienne Pointecouteau, A. Catalano, Barbara Comis, Gregoire Coiffard, Peter A. R. Ade, N. Billot, Simon Doyle, Alain Benoit, Francois-Xavier Désert, Alexandre Beelen, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, N. Boudou, A. D'Addabbo, Johannes Goupy, Carsten Kramer, L. Perotto, R. Adam, A. Adane, Karl Schuster, Benoit Belier, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astronomy Instrumentation [Cardiff], School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Cardiff University-Cardiff University, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Cryogénie (Cryo), Department of Physics [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), ANR-11-LABX-0013,FOCUS,Des détecteurs pour Observer l'Univers(2011), ANR-11-BS56-0015,MULTIVERSE,Etude multi-échelles de l'évolution des structures de l'Univers(2011), European Project: 291294,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,ORISTARS(2012), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo), Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Field of view, Astrophysics, Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect, law.invention, Telescope, Techniques: high angular resolution, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], law, intra cluster medium, Cluster (physics), Angular resolution, Instrumentation: detectors, QC, QB, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Galaxy, Galaxies: clusters: individual: RX J1347.5-1145, Space and Planetary Science, Galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Clusters of galaxies provide valuable information on the evolution of the Universe and large scale structures. Recent cluster observations via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect have proven to be a powerful tool to detect and study them. In this context, high resolution tSZ observations (~ tens of arcsec) are of particular interest to probe intermediate and high redshift clusters. Observations of the tSZ effect will be carried out with the millimeter dual-band NIKA2 camera, based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) to be installed at the IRAM 30-meter telescope in 2015. To demonstrate the potential of such an instrument, we present tSZ observations with the NIKA camera prototype, consisting of two arrays of 132 and 224 detectors that observe at 140 and 240 GHz with a 18.5 and 12.5 arcsec angular resolution, respectively. The cluster RX J1347.5-1145 was observed simultaneously at 140 and 240 GHz. We used a spectral decorrelation technique to remove the atmospheric noise and obtain a map of the cluster at 140 GHz. The efficiency of this procedure has been characterized through realistic simulations of the observations. The observed 140 GHz map presents a decrement at the cluster position consistent with the tSZ nature of the signal. We used this map to study the pressure distribution of the cluster by fitting a gNFW model to the data. Subtracting this model from the map, we confirm that RX J1347.5-1145 is an ongoing merger, which confirms and complements previous tSZ and X-ray observations. For the first time, we demonstrate the tSZ capability of KID based instruments. The NIKA2 camera with ~ 5000 detectors and a 6.5 arcmin field of view will be well-suited for in-depth studies of the intra cluster medium in intermediate to high redshifts, which enables the characterization of recently detected clusters by the Planck satellite., Accepted by A&A

Published
2014

82. CNES detector developments from far-infrared to mm: status and roadmap

Author

Alessandro Monfardini, M. Piat, Louis Rodriguez, Hervé Geoffray, A. Bardoux, S. Marnieros, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSNSM PS1, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Kinetic inductance detectors, NbSi, Bolometer, Detector, KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS, Bolometers, SQUID multiplexing, law.invention, Far infrared, law, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Aerospace engineering, business, Noise, TES
Abstract

June 2014, Montreal, Canada.; International audience; CNES (French Space Agency) continuously drives the development of detectors for Space based Astronomy. Several detector concepts are developped by French Laboratories, from far infrared to mm wavelength. This paper gives a status on these developments as well as an overview of the associated roadmap.

Published
2014

83. High speed readout electronics development for frequency-multiplexed kinetic inductance detector design optimization

Author

C. Vescovi, Johannes Goupy, N. Boudou, A. D'Addabbo, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Alessandro Monfardini, Martino Calvo, A. Catalano, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryogénie (Cryo), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA)

Subjects
Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Phonon, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Multiplexing, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Mathematical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dynamic range, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Digital filter, Microwave
Abstract

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKID) are a promising solution for spaceborne mm-wave astronomy. To optimize their design and make them insensitive to the ballistic phonons created by cosmic-ray interactions in the substrate, the phonon propagation in silicon must be studied. A dedicated fast readout electronics, using channelized Digital Down Conversion for monitoring up to 12 MKIDs over a 100MHz bandwidth was developed. Thanks to the fast ADC sampling and steep digital filtering, In-phase and Quadrature samples, having a high dynamic range, are provided at ~2 Msps. This paper describes the technical solution chosen and the results obtained., Comment: TWEPP-13 conference at Perugia (Italy), 23-27 September 2013

Published
2013

84. Improved mm-wave photometry for kinetic inductance detectors

Author

Alessandro Monfardini, A. Cruciani, P. D. Mauskopf, Alain Benoit, Peter A. R. Ade, N. Ponthieu, Simon Doyle, M. Roesch, S. Leclercq, Carole Tucker, N. Boudou, Philippe Camus, C. Hoffmann, Martino Calvo, C. Vescovi, Karl Schuster, F.-X. Désert, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Cryogénie (Cryo), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryo - Cryogénie, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Photon, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], techniques: photometric, methods: observational, telescopes, instrumentation: detectors, Large format, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Photometry (optics), Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Decorrelation, QC, Physics, business.industry, Attenuation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmospheric noise, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Cardinal point, Space and Planetary Science, business
Abstract

Context. We have developed a dual-band (140 and 220 GHz) mm-wave imaging camera based on superconducting kinetic inductance detector (KID) arrays. Each array contains 132 superconducting resonators whose resonant frequencies are shifted by mm-wave photons absorption. The read out is achieved with a single electronics chain per band, taking advantage of the intrinsic KID frequency-domain multiplexability. The arrays are easily scalable and well adapted for future large format focal plane instruments. NIKA (formerly Néel IRAM KID Array, now New IRAM KID Array) has been specifically designed for the IRAM 30 m telescope at Pico Veleta, and is one of the first instruments using KIDs to have made measurements of astronomical sources.\ud Aims. In this Letter we describe the solutions adopted to improve the calibration accuracy and the sensitivity of the instrument, and we report on the outcome of the 3rd NIKA observing run of October, 2011.\ud Methods. We use a fast electronic modulation of the readout tone for each KID pixel in order to linearize the instrument calibration, which we track with measurements of planets. We also adopt a new design of the KIDs, sensitive to both polarizations, to increase the amount of radiation absorbed and thus the optical efficiency of the system.\ud Results. We measured an average sensitivity on the sky of 21 mJys0.5 per beam at 140 GHz and 140 mJys0.5 at 220 GHz in the best observing conditions (τ220 ≃ 0.2) after atmospheric noise decorrelation. The sensitivity at 220 GHz was limited by the atmospheric attenuation and loading as well as a reduction in the spectral bandwidth due to a misplaced filter. We found the repeatability in the photometry over the entire observing run to be better than 10% in both bands, thus demonstrating a significant improvement over the previous runs. We also find good agreement between NIKA measurements of faint astronomical sources and previous measurements of the same sources.

Published
2013

85. Maturity of lumped element kinetic inductance detectors for space-borne instruments in the range between 80 and 180 GHz

Author

Alessandro Monfardini, A. D’Addabbo, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, A. Catalano, H. Le Sueur, J. Goupy, Alain Benoit, Gregoire Coiffard, Martino Calvo, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Cryogénie (Cryo), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Cosmic background radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Millimeter, Planck, 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Noise-equivalent power, Space environment
Abstract

This work intends to give the state-of-the-art of our knowledge of the performance of lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) at millimetre wavelengths (from 80 to 180 GHz). We evaluate their optical sensitivity under typical background conditions that are representative of a space environment and their interaction with ionising particles. Two LEKID arrays, originally designed for ground-based applications and composed of a few hundred pixels each, operate at a central frequency of 100 and 150 GHz (Δ ν / ν about 0.3). Their sensitivities were characterised in the laboratory using a dedicated closed-cycle 100 mK dilution cryostat and a sky simulator, allowing for the reproduction of realistic, space-like observation conditions. The impact of cosmic rays was evaluated by exposing the LEKID arrays to alpha particles ( 241 Am) and X sources ( 109 Cd), with a read-out sampling frequency similar to those used for Planck HFI (about 200 Hz), and also with a high resolution sampling level (up to 2 MHz) to better characterise and interpret the observed glitches. In parallel, we developed an analytical model to rescale the results to what would be observed by such a LEKID array at the second Lagrangian point. We show that LEKID arrays behave adequately in space-like conditions with a measured noise equivalent power close to the cosmic microwave background photon noise and an impact of cosmic rays smaller with respect to those observed with Planck satellite detectors.

Published
2016

86. Investigation of peak shapes in the MIBETA experiment calibrations

Author

D. Schaeffer, A. Nucciotti, Emanuele Ferri, S. Kraft-Bermuth, Monica Sisti, Alessandro Monfardini, Ferri, E, Kraft Bermuth, S, Monfardini, A, Nucciotti, A, Schaeffer, D, and Sisti, M

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Gaussian, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Beta decay, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Beta (plasma physics), Calibration, symbols, thermal detector, neutrino mass, calorimetry, response function, montecarlo simulations, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Energy (signal processing), Analytic function
Abstract

IIn calorimetric neutrino mass experiments, where the shape of a beta decay spectrum has to be precisely measured, the understanding of the detector response function is a fundamental issue. In the MIBETA neutrino mass experiment, the X-ray lines measured with external sources did not have Gaussian shapes, but exhibited a pronounced shoulder towards lower energies. If this shoulder were a general feature of the detector response function, it would distort the beta decay spectrum and thus mimic a non-zero neutrino mass. An investigation was performed to understand the origin of the shoulder and its potential influence on the beta spectrum. First, the peaks were fitted with an analytic function in order to determine quantitatively the amount of events contributing to the shoulder, also depending on the energy of the calibration X-rays. In a second step, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to reproduce the experimental spectrum and to understand the origin of its shape. We conclude that at least part of the observed shoulder can be attributed to a surface effect.

Published
2012

87. High-impedence NbSi TES sensors for studying the cosmic microwave background radiation

Author

S. Marnieros, Alessandro Monfardini, A. Bideaud, L. Dumoulin, Alain Benoit, Laurent Bergé, O. Rigaut, Ph. Camus, C. Nones, CSNSM PS1, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), CSNSM INSTR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Cryogénie (Cryo), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Black-body radiation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Planck, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 3. Good health, Wavelength, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are crucial in cosmology, because any proposed model of the universe must account for the features of this radiation. Of all CMB measurements that the scientific community has not yet been able to perform, the CMB B-mode polarization is probably the most challenging from the instrumental point of view. The signature of primordial gravitational waves, which give rise to a B-type polarization, is one of the goals in cosmology today and amongst the first objectives in the field. For this purpose, high-performance low-temperature bolometric cameras, made of thousands of pixels, are currently being developed by many groups, which will improve the sensitivity to B-mode CMB polarization by one or two orders of magnitude compared to the Planck satellite HFI detectors. We present here a new bolometer structure that is able to increase the pixel sensitivities and to simplify the fabrication procedure. This innovative device replaces delicate membrane-based structures and eliminates the mediation of phonons: the incoming energy is directly captured and measured in the electron bath of an appropriate sensor and the thermal decoupling is achieved via the intrinsic electron-phonon decoupling of the sensor at very low temperature. Reported results come from a 204-pixel array of Nb$_{x}$Si$_{1-x}$ transition edge sensors with a meander structure fabricated on a 2-inch silicon wafer using electron-beam co-evaporation and a cleanroom lithography process. To validate the application of this device to CMB measurements, we have performed an optical calibration of our sample in the focal plane of a dilution cryostat test bench. We have demonstrated a light absorption close to 20% and an NEP of about 7$\times10^{-16}$ W/$\sqrt{Hz}$, which is highly encouraging given the scope for improvement in this type of detectors., 6 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1005.0555 by other authors

Published
2012

88. The NIKA 2011 run: results and perspectives towards a permanent camera for the Pico Veleta observatory

Author

P. Camus, S. Leclercq, Peter A. R. Ade, Alain Benoit, A. Cruciani, Simon Doyle, N. Ponthieu, Alessandro Monfardini, N. Boudou, M. Roesch, Carole Tucker, Martino Calvo, P. Mauskopf, F.-X. Désert, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Christian Hoffmann, C. Vescovi, Karl Schuster, Cryogénie (Cryo), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Vernay, Emmanuelle

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Pixel, business.industry, Detector, Hilbert curve, 01 natural sciences, IRAM 30m telescope, Kinetic inductance, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], law.invention, Telescope, [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Cardinal point, Optics, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.IM] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing
Abstract

The Neel Iram Kids Array (NIKA) is a prototype instrument devoted to millimetric astronomy that has been designed to be mounted at the focal plane of the IRAM 30m telescope at Pico Veleta (Spain). After the runs of 2009 and 2010, we carried a third technical run in October 2011. In its latest configuration, the instrument consists of a dual-band camera, with bands centered at 150 GHz and 220 GHz, each of them equipped with 116 pixels based on Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors. During the third run we tested many improvements that will play a crucial role in the development of the final, kilopixel sized camera. In particular, a new geometry based on a Hilbert curve has been adopted for the absorbing area of the LEKIDs, that makes the detectors dual-polarization sensitive. Furthermore, a different acquisition strategy has been adopted, which has allowed us to increase the photometric accuracy of the measurements, a fundamental step in order to get scientifically significant data. In this paper we describe the main characteristics of the 2011 NIKA instrument and outline some of its key features, discusse the results we obtained and give a brief outlook on the future NIKA camera which will be installed permanently on site.

Published
2012

89. Recent advances in the development of SWIFTS for broadband millimeter spectroscopy

Author

Christian Hoffmann, Alessandro Monfardini, and N. Boudou

Subjects
Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Autocorrelator, Detector, Interferometry, symbols.namesake, Fourier transform, Optics, Broadband, Extremely high frequency, symbols, Astronomical interferometer, business
Abstract

We present latest developments of the millimetric Stationary Waves Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (SWIFTS) that uses the Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID) technology. SWIFTs are on-chip autocorrelator spectrometers where the incoming signal forms an interferogram by reflection in a short-circuited coplanar wave-guide. By collecting electromagnetic (EM) energy along the guide, one can retrieve this interference pattern. A subsequent offline Fourier transform gives spectral information with a moderate resolution (~500-1000). SWIFTS concept has already been proven to work in the optical and microwave (

Published
2012

90. Electronics and data acquisition for kilopixels kinetic inductance camera

Author

C. Vescovi, Alessandro Monfardini, Alain Benoit, Martino Calvo, L. Gallin-Martel, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, J. L. Bouly, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Cryogénie (Cryo), Vernay, Emmanuelle, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Electrical engineering, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Kinetic inductance, Frequency-division multiplexing, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Inductance, [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, Electronics, Coaxial, [PHYS.ASTR.IM] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010306 general physics, business, Telecommunications, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

A digital frequency multiplexing electronics building block has been developed for the NIKA (New IRAM KID Arrays) experience. It allows the real time monitoring of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) arrays used for mm-wave astronomy. This electronics can monitor simultaneously 400 pixels over a 500MHz bandwidth and requires only two coaxial cables for instrumenting such a large array. The chosen solution and the performance achieved are presented in this paper.

Published
2012

91. NIKEL: Electronics and data acquisition for kilopixels kinetic inductance camera

Author

C. Vescovi, Alessandro Monfardini, Martino Calvo, J. L. Bouly, L. Gallin-Martel, Alain Benoit, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryogénie (Cryo), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Electronic detector readout concepts, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Kinetic inductance, Frequency-division multiplexing, Data acquisition, Instruments for CMB observations, 0103 physical sciences, Electronics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Mathematical Physics, Physics, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Data acquisition concepts, Electrical engineering, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Coaxial, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Microwave
Abstract

A prototype of digital frequency multiplexing electronics allowing the real time monitoring of microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKIDs) arrays for mm-wave astronomy has been developed. Thanks to the frequency multiplexing, it can monitor simultaneously 400 pixels over a 500 MHz bandwidth and requires only two coaxial cables for instrumenting such a large array. The chosen solution and the performances achieved are presented in this paper., Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures

Published
2012
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92. Development of Kinetic Inductance Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier-Transform Spectrometry (SWIFTS)

Author

N. Boudou, Alessandro Monfardini, Martino Calvo, Florence Podevin, P. Xavier, C. Hoffmann, Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cryogénie (Cryo)

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Kinetic inductance, 010309 optics, Optics, Transmission line, 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Stationary-wave integrated Fourier transform spectrometry, Frequency domain, Extremely high frequency, business, Microwave
Abstract

We present millimeter-wave Stationary-Waves Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometry (SWIFTS) using the nascent Kinetic Inductance Detector (KID) technology. SWIFTS operation consists in converting a stationary-wave spatial sampling into the frequency domain; our SWIFTS devices are designed to operate in the sub-THz region. Millimeter wave power is probed using KIDs, high-quality superconducting resonators deemed to be the next generation millimetric photon detectors for large array astronomy cameras. We expect KIDs to be sensitive enough to sense the stationary wave without altering its properties. Moreover, KID multiplexing capabilities will allow the use of many detectors on a single transmission line, facilitating cryogenic measurements.The SWIFTS concept, already validated in the optical and microwave (

Published
2012

93. Electron-Phonon Decoupling NbSi CMB Bolometers

Author

L. Dumoulin, P. Camus, S. Marnieros, Laurent Bergé, Alain Benoit, Alessandro Monfardini, C. Nones, O. Rigaut, CSNSM PS1, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CSNSM INSTR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryogénie (Cryo), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)

Subjects
Cryostat, Cosmic microwave background, Electron, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Low temperature detectors, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, General Materials Science, Wafer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Electron-phonon coupling, Decoupling (cosmology), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cardinal point, business, TES
Abstract

Precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is crucial to cosmology, since any proposed model of the Universe must account for the features of this radiation. E_cient very large bolometer arrays (> 10,000 pixels) constitute an important challenge for CMB observations and are actually developed by many groups worldwide. We present here an explorative new bolometer design based on a structure that simplifies the fabrication process and exhibits high sensitivity. This innovative device replaces delicate membrane-based structures and eliminates the mediation of phonons: the incoming energy is directly captured and measured in the electron bath of an appropriate sensor and the thermal decoupling is achieved via the intrinsic electron-phonon decoupling of the sensor at very low temperature. Reported results come from a 204-pixel matrix of Nb (x) Si1-x transition edge sensors with a meander structure fabricated on a 2-inch silicon wafer using electron-beam co-evaporation and standard lithography process. To validate the application to CMB measurements, we have realized an optical calibration of our sample in the focal plane of a dilution cryostat test bench.

Published
2012

94. A dual-band millimeter-wave kinetic inductance camera for the IRAM 30-meter telescope

Author

O. Bourrion, F.-X. Désert, C. Hoffmann, Martino Calvo, Jochem J. A. Baselmans, Loren J. Swenson, C. Giordano, Simon Doyle, Andrey M. Baryshev, Alessandro Monfardini, Ph. Camus, Akira Endo, C. Tucker, Lorenza Ferrari, P. D. Mauskopf, M. Roesch, Aurélien Benoit, C. Vescovi, P. A. R. Ade, S. J. C. Yates, Karl Schuster, A. Bideaud, J. F. Macías-Pérez, S. Leclercq, Angelo Cruciani, Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cryogénie (Cryo)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Kinetic inductance, law.invention, Telescope, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, radio continuum: general, techniques: miscellaneous, submillimeter: galaxies, submillimeter: general, instrumentation: detectors, radio continuum: galaxies, 010306 general physics, Cygnus A, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Extremely high frequency, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radio astronomy, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The Neel IRAM KIDs Array (NIKA) is a fully-integrated measurement system based on kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) currently being developed for millimeter wave astronomy. In a first technical run, NIKA was successfully tested in 2009 at the Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM) 30-meter telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain. This prototype consisted of a 27-42 pixel camera imaging at 150 GHz. Subsequently, an improved system has been developed and tested in October 2010 at the Pico Veleta telescope. The instrument upgrades included dual-band optics allowing simultaneous imaging at 150 GHz and 220 GHz, faster sampling electronics enabling synchronous measurement of up to 112 pixels per measurement band, improved single-pixel sensitivity, and the fabrication of a sky simulator to replicate conditions present at the telescope. Results. The new dual-band NIKA was successfully tested in October 2010, performing in-line with sky simulator predictions. Initially the sources targeted during the 2009 run were re-imaged, verifying the improved system performance. An optical NEP was then calculated to be around 2 \dot 10-16 W/Hz1/2. This improvement in comparison with the 2009 run verifies that NIKA is approaching the target sensitivity for photon-noise limited ground-based detectors. Taking advantage of the larger arrays and increased sensitivity, a number of scientifically-relevant faint and extended objects were then imaged including the Galactic Center SgrB2(FIR1), the radio galaxy Cygnus A and the NGC1068 Seyfert galaxy. These targets were all observed simultaneously in the 150 GHz and 220 GHz atmospheric windows., Comment: Submitted to ApJ (abstract reduced to fit ApJ standards)

Published
2011
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95. Electronics and data acquisition demonstrator for a kinetic inductance camera

Author

A. Cruciani, M. Roesch, C. Vescovi, Alessandro Monfardini, Loren J. Swenson, O. Bourrion, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Aurelien Bideaud, Alain Benoit, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Computer science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Kinetic inductance detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Kinetic inductance, Resonator, Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Electronics, 010306 general physics, Field-programmable gate array, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Mathematical Physics, Detector, Bandwidth (signal processing), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Coaxial, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Excitation
Abstract

A prototype of digital frequency multiplexing electronics allowing the real time monitoring of kinetic inductance detector (KIDs) arrays for mm-wave astronomy has been developed. It requires only 2 coaxial cables for instrumenting a large array. For that, an excitation comb of frequencies is generated and fed through the detector. The direct frequency synthesis and the data acquisition relies heavily on a large FPGA using parallelized and pipelined processing. The prototype can instrument 128 resonators (pixels) over a bandwidth of 125 MHz. This paper describes the technical solution chosen, the algorithm used and the results obtained.

Published
2011
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96. A review of the lumped element kinetic inductance detector

Author

Simon Doyle, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, Jin Zhang, Jochem J. A. Baselmans, Loren J. Swenson, M. Roesch, Alessandro Monfardini, and Stephen J. C. Yates

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Detector, Spica, Particle detector, Kinetic inductance, law.invention, Telescope, Inductance, Optics, Black body, law, Multi-band device, business
Abstract

The Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detector (LEKID) was first proposed in 2007 as a solution for using kinetic inductance type detectors for sub-mm astronomy (450 - 200μm). Since then the LEKID has been demonstrated to have applications over a much wider range of wavelength. Examples of this have been 200μm detection of a cold blackbody and successful testing of a demonstration array operating at 2mm on the IRAM telescope in October 2009. Due to the combination of absorber and detector in a single element, the LEKID is an extremely simple detector to fabricate requiring only one deposition and etch step to produce an array of up to 1000 pixels multiplexed onto a single feedline. The LEKID is also a very compact detector making it ideal for producing arrays with high filling factors. The suitability of the LEKID for use in large arrays has prompted a return visit to the IRAM telescope with a dual band instrument in 2010. This presentation will review the progress to date of the LEKIDs development and outline design considerations for producing LEKIDs for future FIR astronomical instruments such as SPICA. Also reviewed will be possible applications for the LEKID outside sub-mm and mm astronomy.

Published
2010

97. Development of KIDs detectors for large submillimetric telescopes

Author

Silvia Masi, A. Cruciani, Roberto Battiston, Benno Margesin, P. de Bernardis, Martino Calvo, Alessandro Monfardini, and C. Giordano

Subjects
Physics, microwave sensors, optical telescopes, probes, Pixel, Star formation, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, General Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Inflationary epoch, Microwave
Abstract

Large millimetric and submillimetric telescopes can play a crucial role in our understanding of the Universe, allowing the direct measurement of early galaxies or the investigation of the earliest stages of star formation. The B modes of CMB polarization are a direct probe of the Inflationary epoch and their measurement promises to provide information on the scale of energies at which the process took place. For these investigations (and many others), large detectors arrays with thousands of pixels are needed, to achieve high mapping speeds. This is especially true in the case of mm and sub/mm observations from extremely cold and dry locations like Dome-C, where ultra-low temperature detectors, reaching photon noise limited performance, are needed to fully exploit the excellent quality of the site. In this paper we present the working principle of the Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors and their status of development in Italy, focusing on the key aspects that make them ideal for large arrays of sensors.

Published
2010

98. Characterization of lumped element kinetic inductance detectors for mm-wave detection

Author

M. Roesch, Aurélien Benoit, K. F. Schuster, Loren J. Swenson, S. Leclercq, A. Cruciani, A. Bideaud, Alessandro Monfardini, F.-X. Désert, F. Mattiocco, and Simon Doyle

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Capacitance, Kinetic inductance, Particle detector, law.invention, Inductance, Telescope, Resonator, Optics, law, resonators, multiplexing, superconducting detectors, mm-wave, kinetic inductance, business, Microwave
Abstract

Lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) have recently shown considerable promise as direct-absorption mm-wavelength detectors for astronomical applications. One major research thrust within the Neel Iram Kids Array (NIKA) collaboration has been to investigate the suitability of these detectors for deployment at the 30-meter IRAM telescope located on Pico Veleta in Spain. Compared to microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKID), using quarter wavelength resonators, the resonant circuit of a LEKID consists of a discrete inductance and capacitance coupled to a feedline. A high and constant current density distribution in the inductive part of these resonators makes them very sensitive. Due to only one metal layer on a silicon substrate, the fabrication is relatively easy. In order to optimize the LEKIDs for this application, we have recently probed a wide variety of individual resonator and array parameters through simulation and physical testing. This included determining the optimal feed-line coupling, pixel geometry, resonator distribution within an array (in order to minimize pixel cross-talk), and resonator frequency spacing. Based on these results, a 32-pixel Aluminum array was fabricated and tested in a dilution fridge with optical access, yielding an average optical NEP of ~7.2 x 10-16 W/Hz^1/2. In October 2009 a first prototype of LEKIDs has been tested at the IRAM 30 m telescope and first astronomical results have been achieved.

Published
2010

99. High-speed phonon imaging using frequency-multiplexed kinetic inductance detectors

Author

Alain Benoit, A. Cruciani, M. Roesch, Aurelien Bideaud, C. S. Yung, Loren J. Swenson, and Alessandro Monfardini

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Phonon, phonons, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, readout electronics, superconducting microwave devices, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, high-speed techniques, quantum computing, photon counting, elemental semiconductors, microwave detectors, superconducting resonators, silicon, law.invention, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), law, Transmission line, 0103 physical sciences, Wafer, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Quantum Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Bandwidth (signal processing), Bolometer, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Photon counting, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), business
Abstract

We present a measurement of phonon propagation in a silicon wafer utilizing an array of frequency-multiplexed superconducting resonators coupled to a single transmission line. The electronic readout permits fully synchronous array sampling with a per-resonator bandwidth of 1.2 MHz, allowing sub-$\mu$s array imaging. This technological achievement is potentially vital in a variety of low-temperature applications, including single-photon counting, quantum-computing and dark-matter searches., Comment: Accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters

Published
2010

100. PRISM (Polarized Radiation Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission): an extended white paper

Author

Philippe, A, Baccigalupi, C, Anthony, B, Domingos, B, Barreiro, B, James, B, Bartolo, N, Stefano Battistelli, E, Battye, R, Bendo, G, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bethermin, M, Pawel, B, Bonaldi, A, Francois, B, Jan, B, Martin, B, Burigana, C, Cai, Z, Philippe, C, Casas, F, Casasola, V, Guillaume, C, Anthony, C, Jens, C, Chon, G, Colafrancesco, S, Comis, B, Cuttaia, F, D'Alessandro, G, Da Silva, A, Davis, R, Avillez Miguel, D, Bernardis, P, De Bernardis, P, De Petris, M, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Jacques, D, Desert, F, Dickinson, C, Maria Diego, J, Dunkley, J, Ensslin, T, Errard, J, Falgarone, E, Ferreira, P, Ferriere, K, Finelli, F, Andrew, F, Fosalba, P, Gary, F, Galli, S, Ken, G, Juan, G, Ghribi, A, Martin, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Keith, G, Gruppuso, A, Alex, H, Hamilton, J, Haverkorn, M, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Mark, J, Andrew, J, Khatri, R, Martin, K, Lamagna, L, Lattanzi, M, Leahy, P, Julien, L, Liguori, M, Liuzzo, E, Marcos, L, Juan, M, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mangilli, A, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Martins, C, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Mennella, A, Mignano, A, Miville-Deschenes, M, Monfardini, A, Anthony, M, Pavel, N, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Negrello, M, Noviello, F, O'Sullivan, C, Paci, F, Pagano, L, Paladino, R, Nathalie, P, Paoletti, D, Peiris, H, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Polenta, G, Pollo, A, Nicolas, P, Mathieu, R, Ricciardi, S, Roman, M, Rosset, C, Rubino-Martin, J, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Paul, S, Silk, J, Starobinsky, A, Stompor, R, Rashid, S, Tartari, A, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Neil, T, Tristram, M, Trombetti, T, Tucci, M, Van De Weijgaert, R, Van Tent, B, Verde, L, Vielva, P, Ben, W, Watson, R, Stafford, W, André Philippe, Carlo Baccigalupi, Banday Anthony, Barbosa Domingos, Belen Barreiro, Bartlett James, Nicola Bartolo, Elia Stefano Battistelli, Richard Battye, George Bendo, Alain Benoit, Jean-Philippe Bernard, Marco Bersanelli, Matthieu Bethermin, Bielewicz Pawel, Anna Bonaldi, Bouchet Francois, Boulanger Francois, Brand Jan, Bucher Martin, Carlo Burigana, Zhen-Yi Cai, Camus Philippe, Francisco Casas, Viviana Casasola, Castex Guillaume, Challinor Anthony, Chluba Jens, Gayoung Chon, Sergio Colafrancesco, Barbara Comis, Francesco Cuttaia, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, Antonio Da Silva, Richard Davis, D.E. Avillez Miguel, Paolo D.E. Bernardis, Paolo De Bernardis, Marco De Petris, Adriano De Rosa, Gianfranco De Zotti, Delabrouille Jacques, Francois-Xavier Desert, Clive Dickinson, Jose Maria Diego, Joanna Dunkley, Torsten Ensslin, Josquin Errard, Edith Falgarone, Pedro Ferreira, Katia Ferriere, Fabio Finelli, Fletcher Andrew, Pablo Fosalba, Fuller Gary, Silvia Galli, Ganga Ken, García-Bellido Juan, Adnan Ghribi, Giard Martin, Yannick Giraud-Heraud, Joaquin Gonzalez-Nuevo, Grainge Keith, Alessandro Gruppuso, Hall Alex, Jean-Christophe Hamilton, Marijke Haverkorn, Carlos Hernandez-Monteagudo, Diego Herranz, Jackson Mark, Jaffe Andrew, Rishi Khatri, Kunz Martin, Luca Lamagna, Massimiliano Lattanzi, Paddy Leahy, Lesgourgues Julien, Michele Liguori, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Lopez-Caniego Marcos, Macias-Perez Juan, Bruno Maffei, Davide Maino, Anna Mangilli, Enrique Martinez-Gonzalez, Carlos J.A.P. Martins, Silvia Masi, Marcella Massardi, Sabino Matarrese, Alessandro Melchiorri, Jean-Baptiste Melin, Aniello Mennella, Arturo Mignano, Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschenes, Alessandro Monfardini, Murphy Anthony, Naselsky Pavel, Federico Nati, Paolo Natoli, Mattia Negrello, Fabio Noviello, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Francesco Paci, Luca Pagano, Rosita Paladino, Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie, Daniela Paoletti, Hiranya Peiris, Francesca Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, Michel Piat, Lucio Piccirillo, Giampaolo Pisano, Gianluca Polenta, Agnieszka Pollo, Ponthieu Nicolas, Remazeilles Mathieu, Sara Ricciardi, Matthieu Roman, Cyrille Rosset, Jose-Alberto Rubino-Martin, Maria Salatino, Alessandro Schillaci, Shellard Paul, Joseph Silk, Alexei Starobinsky, Radek Stompor, Sunyaev Rashid, Andrea Tartari, Luca Terenzi, Luigi Toffolatti, Maurizio Tomasi, Trappe Neil, Matthieu Tristram, Tiziana Trombetti, Marco Tucci, Rien Van De Weijgaert, Bartjan Van Tent, Licia Verde, Patricio Vielva, Wandelt Ben, Robert Watson, Withington Stafford, Philippe, A, Baccigalupi, C, Anthony, B, Domingos, B, Barreiro, B, James, B, Bartolo, N, Stefano Battistelli, E, Battye, R, Bendo, G, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bethermin, M, Pawel, B, Bonaldi, A, Francois, B, Jan, B, Martin, B, Burigana, C, Cai, Z, Philippe, C, Casas, F, Casasola, V, Guillaume, C, Anthony, C, Jens, C, Chon, G, Colafrancesco, S, Comis, B, Cuttaia, F, D'Alessandro, G, Da Silva, A, Davis, R, Avillez Miguel, D, Bernardis, P, De Bernardis, P, De Petris, M, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Jacques, D, Desert, F, Dickinson, C, Maria Diego, J, Dunkley, J, Ensslin, T, Errard, J, Falgarone, E, Ferreira, P, Ferriere, K, Finelli, F, Andrew, F, Fosalba, P, Gary, F, Galli, S, Ken, G, Juan, G, Ghribi, A, Martin, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Keith, G, Gruppuso, A, Alex, H, Hamilton, J, Haverkorn, M, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Mark, J, Andrew, J, Khatri, R, Martin, K, Lamagna, L, Lattanzi, M, Leahy, P, Julien, L, Liguori, M, Liuzzo, E, Marcos, L, Juan, M, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mangilli, A, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Martins, C, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Mennella, A, Mignano, A, Miville-Deschenes, M, Monfardini, A, Anthony, M, Pavel, N, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Negrello, M, Noviello, F, O'Sullivan, C, Paci, F, Pagano, L, Paladino, R, Nathalie, P, Paoletti, D, Peiris, H, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Polenta, G, Pollo, A, Nicolas, P, Mathieu, R, Ricciardi, S, Roman, M, Rosset, C, Rubino-Martin, J, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Paul, S, Silk, J, Starobinsky, A, Stompor, R, Rashid, S, Tartari, A, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Neil, T, Tristram, M, Trombetti, T, Tucci, M, Van De Weijgaert, R, Van Tent, B, Verde, L, Vielva, P, Ben, W, Watson, R, Stafford, W, André Philippe, Carlo Baccigalupi, Banday Anthony, Barbosa Domingos, Belen Barreiro, Bartlett James, Nicola Bartolo, Elia Stefano Battistelli, Richard Battye, George Bendo, Alain Benoit, Jean-Philippe Bernard, Marco Bersanelli, Matthieu Bethermin, Bielewicz Pawel, Anna Bonaldi, Bouchet Francois, Boulanger Francois, Brand Jan, Bucher Martin, Carlo Burigana, Zhen-Yi Cai, Camus Philippe, Francisco Casas, Viviana Casasola, Castex Guillaume, Challinor Anthony, Chluba Jens, Gayoung Chon, Sergio Colafrancesco, Barbara Comis, Francesco Cuttaia, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, Antonio Da Silva, Richard Davis, D.E. Avillez Miguel, Paolo D.E. Bernardis, Paolo De Bernardis, Marco De Petris, Adriano De Rosa, Gianfranco De Zotti, Delabrouille Jacques, Francois-Xavier Desert, Clive Dickinson, Jose Maria Diego, Joanna Dunkley, Torsten Ensslin, Josquin Errard, Edith Falgarone, Pedro Ferreira, Katia Ferriere, Fabio Finelli, Fletcher Andrew, Pablo Fosalba, Fuller Gary, Silvia Galli, Ganga Ken, García-Bellido Juan, Adnan Ghribi, Giard Martin, Yannick Giraud-Heraud, Joaquin Gonzalez-Nuevo, Grainge Keith, Alessandro Gruppuso, Hall Alex, Jean-Christophe Hamilton, Marijke Haverkorn, Carlos Hernandez-Monteagudo, Diego Herranz, Jackson Mark, Jaffe Andrew, Rishi Khatri, Kunz Martin, Luca Lamagna, Massimiliano Lattanzi, Paddy Leahy, Lesgourgues Julien, Michele Liguori, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Lopez-Caniego Marcos, Macias-Perez Juan, Bruno Maffei, Davide Maino, Anna Mangilli, Enrique Martinez-Gonzalez, Carlos J.A.P. Martins, Silvia Masi, Marcella Massardi, Sabino Matarrese, Alessandro Melchiorri, Jean-Baptiste Melin, Aniello Mennella, Arturo Mignano, Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschenes, Alessandro Monfardini, Murphy Anthony, Naselsky Pavel, Federico Nati, Paolo Natoli, Mattia Negrello, Fabio Noviello, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Francesco Paci, Luca Pagano, Rosita Paladino, Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie, Daniela Paoletti, Hiranya Peiris, Francesca Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, Michel Piat, Lucio Piccirillo, Giampaolo Pisano, Gianluca Polenta, Agnieszka Pollo, Ponthieu Nicolas, Remazeilles Mathieu, Sara Ricciardi, Matthieu Roman, Cyrille Rosset, Jose-Alberto Rubino-Martin, Maria Salatino, Alessandro Schillaci, Shellard Paul, Joseph Silk, Alexei Starobinsky, Radek Stompor, Sunyaev Rashid, Andrea Tartari, Luca Terenzi, Luigi Toffolatti, Maurizio Tomasi, Trappe Neil, Matthieu Tristram, Tiziana Trombetti, Marco Tucci, Rien Van De Weijgaert, Bartjan Van Tent, Licia Verde, Patricio Vielva, Wandelt Ben, Robert Watson, and Withington Stafford

Abstract

PRISM (Polarized Radiation Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) was proposed to ESA in May 2013 as a large-class mission for investigating within the framework of the ESA Cosmic Vision program a set of important scientific questions that require high resolution, high sensitivity, full-sky observations of the sky emission at wavelengths ranging from millimeter-wave to the far-infrared. PRISM's main objective is to explore the distant universe, probing cosmic history from very early times until now as well as the structures, distribution of matter, and velocity flows throughout our Hubble volume. PRISM will survey the full sky in a large number of frequency bands in both intensity and polarization and will measure the absolute spectrum of sky emission more than three orders of magnitude better than COBE FIRAS. The data obtained will allow us to precisely measure the absolute sky brightness and polarization of all the components of the sky emission in the observed frequency range, separating the primordial and extragalactic components cleanly from the galactic and zodiacal light emissions. The aim of this Extended White Paper is to provide a more detailed overview of the highlights of the new science that will be made possible by PRISM, which include: (1) the ultimate galaxy cluster survey using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect, detecting approximately 10 6 clusters extending to large redshift, including a characterization of the gas temperature of the brightest ones (through the relativistic corrections to the classic SZ template) as well as a peculiar velocity survey using the kinetic SZ effect that comprises our entire Hubble volume; (2) a detailed characterization of the properties and evolution of dusty galaxies, where the most of the star formation in the universe took place, the faintest population of which constitute the diffuse CIB (Cosmic Infrared Background); (3) a characterization of the B modes from primordial gravity waves generated during inflation and fro

Published
2014

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