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This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the attitude, intention and aspects of marriage among students. There was a significant relationship between gender and general attitude toward marriage and, mean score of male students' attitude toward marriage was higher (P <.05). Based on the results of path analysis, sub-scales of general attitude toward marriage and Aspects of Marriage, explained 40% of the variance for the Intent to Marry. The results showed that students' attitude toward marriage was moderate and their marriage intention was not high. According to the results, it is necessary that implemented the training courses to change attitudes and create realistic expectations about marriage in the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene (HH) compliance is an effective behavior in controlling hospital-acquired infection because the hand is the main means of transmitting infections in patient-medical staff communication as well as the inanimate environment. This study aimed to explore the effect of applying Pender's Health Promotion Model on the HH compliance of intensive care unit staff. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study with a single research group was conducted from January to July in 2019. The required data were collected from 90 staff of the intensive care units of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran through 1796 and 2343 opportunity of monitoring before and after the intervention. The data collection instruments were a standard HH observation form and a researcher-made HH questionnaire in the light of Pender's health promotion model. The data were statistically analyzed in SPSS using Paired-samples T-test and Chi-squared test. RESULTS: The mean age of the 90 included participants was 35.92 (± 6.5) years and the mean length of their work experience was 10 (±1.5). The hand hygiene index rose from 23% before the intervention to 41.4% after the intervention (p=0.001). Moreover, statistically significant differences were found in moments after touching surroundings (p=0.001), before and after touching a patient (p=0.001), and also in perceived barriers (p=0.015), interpersonal influences (p=0.008) and situational influences (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Pender's model showed to have improved the staff's HH compliance as a professional behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a lack of Iranian studies on marital satisfaction, which is one of the important factors in the stability of marriage. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of sociodemographic variables on marital satisfaction. Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on 770 married people from Gonabad City, Northeast of Iran. The simple random sampling method was used. Also, the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale was used to measure marital satisfaction as a dependent variable. A cut-off score of 100 was considered for the scale, with higher scores indicating satisfaction. Moreover, the logistic regression model was used to examine the effects of the variables on marital satisfaction. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 39.2±10.6 years. Most of the participants (75%) were categorized as satisfied, with a Mean±SD score of 113.9±26.8. Besides, both univariate and multiple regression analyses showed a strong significant relationship between economic status and marital satisfaction, ie, a better economic status increased the odds of marital satisfaction. After controlling other investigated variables, the logistic regression model showed that men are about two times more likely than women to be satisfied with their marriage (adjusted odds ratio=1.82). Conclusion: The present findings showed that family income and gender positively influence marital satisfaction. Accordingly, marital satisfaction and family solidarity could be enhanced by the provision of legal and social rules to ensure the equal right of men and women, as well as attempts to improve the economic status of the families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new compact 1 × 4 microstrip patch antenna array design for future 5G applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna array consists of square slot loaded with four radiating patch elements. The corporate feed network has been implemented for the excitation of the array. The feed line is connected to the square slot patch through a quarter-wave transformer matching network. The proposed array is designed on an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, thickness of 1.6 mm and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.02. It has a compact dimension of 9.590 × 17.802 × 1. 6 m m 3 . The proposed structure has been designed and simulated by using commercially available HFSS software. The simulated results (reflection coefficient, gain, efficiency, radiation pattern) are verified through the measurement process to confirm the validity of the design concept. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed structure resonates at 38.1 GHz with a − 10 dB impedance bandwidth of about 3700 MHz (36.5 GHz to 40.2 GHz). The reflection coefficient at 38.1 GHz is − 34 dB, with a maximum gain of 7.81 dB. The proposed square slot loaded patch antenna array is very promising for 5G communications at 38 GHz band (37–40 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this letter is to develop a miniaturized ultra‐wideband hybrid coupler with an adjustable phase shift (90°‐180° and vice versa) that operates around the resonant frequency of 3.8 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 26% required for 5G applications. The design approach is based on a microstrip waveguide technique with localized lumped elements to control the phase shift between the input and output ports. The performance of the coupler can be seen from its important characteristics: adaptation, coupling, isolation, and phase shift. All these mentioned parameters are approved by simulation and validated by measurement. The measurement results show good agreement with the simulation, which confirms the success of the theoretical part and the importance of our proposed structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-based plant transformation is a natural and ideal way of introducing genes into plant genomes. The system is based primarily on tissue culture techniques, including cell differentiation and plant regeneration, which might produce somatic cell mutations. In the present research, wheat plants were transformed by a non-tissue culture approach. Accordingly, mature embryos were inoculated with A. tumefaciens at an early stage of germination. A variety of different treatments, such as Agrobacterium strains (EHA105 and LBA4404 harboring pCAMBIAl105.1R), levels of glucose, concentrations of acetosyringone (0, 50, 100 and 200 µM), and types of wheat cultivars (Azar2, Alvand, and Sardari) were studied. The transformation efficiency was determined by using the number of resistant leaves to hygromycin, histochemical GUS analysis of leaf tissues, as well as PCR analysis of three transgenes located within the T-DNA region. The results showed that the maximum efficiency was obtained when 200 µM acetosyringone was used in combination with 15% glucose in the induction medium. In addition, the relative expression analysis of virulence genes by qRT-PCR revealed that VirB2 and VirD2 were significantly up-regulated when 200 µM acetosyringone and 15% glucose were used as inducers and carbon source, respectively. Therefore, Vir genes inducing factors as well as a three-step culture of Agrobacterium should be considered as major elements for any wheat transformation protocol. The putative transgenic T1 seeds were soaked and germinated in hygromycin solution, and the seedlings were further analyzed with the aforementioned methods. Based on the results, a modified Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol is presented. The current results suggest an inexpensive, quick and efficient approach for wheat genome transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abnormal liver function test results are often observed in patients with acute Myocardial Infarction (MI). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) activity elevation after MI-induced liver injury. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 75 patients with acute MI were randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. The intervention group received 1 gram per day equal to three capsules of Pikasol (fish oil) for three months, while the control group received the routine treatment after MI. In all samples, plasma concentrations of ALT were assessed on the admission day and 2, 30, 60, and 90 days after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 16 software, and P < 0.05 was set as the level of statistical significance. Results: The results showed no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The results also indicated no significant differences between the two groups concerning the serum level of ALT on the day of admission (P = 0.68), day 2 (P = 0.79), day 30 (P = 0.86), day 60 (P = 0.09), and day 90 (P = 0.64). Conclusion: The study results suggested that the patients receiving omega-3 supplementation following MI had similar ALT levels to those who received no supplementations. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Future of Medical Education Journal is the property of Mashhad University of Medical Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Future of Medical Education Journal is the property of Mashhad University of Medical Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Sassanid era is one of the most brilliant in the Iranian civilization in terms of various arts development. The coastal areas of the Caspian Sea, especially Mazandaran, has long been the site of artistic manifestation with countless examples of art works kept in different museums inside and outside the country. The Sassanid art particularly depict life and glory of the kings. With a deep insight into the works, one can easily find the use of a vast array of birds, animals, plants, gods and mythological beings in symbolic ways. After reviewing and researching all the works created in the Sassanid period, a common feature attracts opinions, and that is the similarity and harmony of decorative motifs in all of these works, especially bas-reliefs, metal wares, fabrics and seals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the images of sacred animals on the Mazandaran artifacts of the Sassanid period, in response to the question of what is the relationship between the designs of sacred animals and the motifs on discovered metal works of Mazandaran. The results of this study clearly show that in most of the concepts and representations in the works produced in every part of this civilization, a common goal was pursued, and it is a struggle against evil forces. The symbolic emblems of sacred animals in Iran can be found in close connection with the beliefs and religions of that era, some of which are manifested in the form of boar and lion in the body of gods and goddesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 4–8 GHz ultra wide band microstrip array antennas with improved gain for weather Radar applications was designed and fabricated. The microstrip radiating elements of the proposed array antennas are powered using a T-junction power divider with quarter wave-transformer impedance for a best matching. The design of this array antennas is based on the geometry of a linear array antennas well studied [ref (8)], which is based on minimizing of the electromagnetic (EM) coupling between the radiating elements and as decreasing the number of side lobes. The array antennas with dimension of (110 × 214 × 1.58 mm3) is fabricated on FR-4 epoxy dielectric with relative permittivity of 4.4 and thickness h = 1.58 mm, it is performed in the full-wave EM solver High Frequency Structure Simulator, CST and verified by measurement. The proposed broadband array antennas show a better performance than the references antennas in deferent parameter which cited after. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study sought to assess the effect of precede-proceed model on preventive behaviors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in high-risk individuals. In this semi-experimental study, 164 high-risk individuals for type 2 DM were selected and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (n = 85). Educational intervention was performed as a single session face-to-face instruction for 1.5 hr for the intervention group participants. Data were collected before (baseline) and immediately and I month after the intervention in the two groups. The mean score of predisposing (knowledge) factors (p = .001), reinforcing factors (p = .001), and enabling factors (p = .02) were significantly different at baseline and I month after the intervention in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < .05). A significant improvement occurred in the nutritional habits of high-risk participants in the intervention group at I month after the intervention compared with controls (p = .001). The precede-proceed model can be effective for promoting the preventive behaviors for type 2 DM in high-risk individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community participation, as one of the basic components of sustainable development in a community. This study aimed to determine patterns of community participation, identify factors associated with their social and civic engagement, and examine the relation between the factors and community engagement patterns. Patterns of citizen participation were determined in social and civic engagements. Data were gathered via a valid and reliable questionnaire. A total of 286 fulfilled questionnaires were analyzed. The results showed that women significantly visited their neighbors more than men, while men went to restaurant/cafe more than women. Among high-level participating people, there were significant associations between the respondents' participation in social group activities and sex, age group, marital status, and level of education as well as between the group with mix activity and level of education. In general, people more participated in social than civic activities. To promoting community participation, attention to more engagement of individuals in group activities (social and civic) would be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ability for effective communication is one of the most essential skills for health system staff, especially nurses, as parts of their roles takes place only through effective communication with clients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on effectiveness of nurses' professional communication related to clients' health. The participants in this study were 50 nurses who were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tool was the questionnaire consisting of two parts; the first part contains 8 questions about personal information and work nurses and the second part contains Sussman and Krivonos's Identify communication questionnaire. The intervention included effective communication traning workshop for nurses. 70 percent of participants were female. The mean age and work experience of participants respectively were 30.58±5.68 years and 10.42±6.42 years. the mean of samples' communication score increased after intervention in three subgroups including, subordinates 11.62, superiors 8.87 and colleagues 6.04, which these changes were significant in the three subgroups. the results show the effect of education on nurses' professional communication related to clients' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The main cause of anemia in the body is iron deficiency. Iron supplementation is one of the effective methods for reducing iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in women. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the challenges of national iron supplementation in female students from the perspective of stakeholders. Methods: This is a qualitative study of content analysis that was conducted in Gonabad city in 2017. Data were analyzed by semi-deep interviews and focus group discussion method. Participants in the present study included high school girl students, parents, school principals, and school health educators. The sampling in the present study was targeted and collected data continued until data saturation. Data management was done with NVivo software, version 11, but data analysis and interpretation were done manually. Also, data were analyzed using the five steps of Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Based on the stakeholder's perspectives, 12 themes of perceived executive or management benefits, perceived individual benefits, physical disadvantages, tablets disadvantages, disadvantages of the program, disadvantages of programming, barriers of pill consumption, educational and information barriers, management and administrative barriers, reform the shape of pills, individual perception modification, and modifying the executive program were effective in the national iron supplementation. Conclusions: Based on the results for implementation a more effective Iron supplement program, it is necessary to design and implement appropriate interventions at individual and interpersonal levels. Also, at the level of inter-organizational and intraorganizational, it is necessary to increase coordination and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the role of education on lifestyle has been proven in different studies. This study aimed to determine the effects of Quran teachings on promoting eating habits and physical activity of adolescents using theory of planned behavior (TPB). This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest design with no control group. Eighty students aged 12-15 years old were selected by multistage random sampling. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and constructs of the theory in the field of eating habits and physical activity. The samples received a five-session course comprising Quran teachings based on. Four weeks after the intervention, the posttest was conducted and the data were analyzed by using paired and independent t-tests, multivariable regression tests. Results showed the mean scores of eating habits and physical activity constructs were different before and after intervention in boys and girls. Moreover, mean scores of intention to healthy eating and physical activity behavior were different between boys and girls. Regression models revealed that intention was the strongest predictor for healthy eating behavior in boys and girls. Physical activity behavior was predicted with perceived behavioral control among boys and subjective norms among girls. The findings suggest to use the theory of planned behavior to design, implement and assess educational interventions, especially religious teachings for improving healthy eating habits and physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are some evidences for the decrease of sleep quality among diabetic patients. Because of negative impact of blood glucose on sleep disorders, we aimed at investigating The prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes and its related factors. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 507 patients with type 2 diabetes. For data collection valid and reliable questionnaire and the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed by software SPS-20 and descriptive statistics. The prevalence of sleep disorders in this study was 50.7%. 65% of participants were women, and mean (standard deviation) age of patients were 57.37 (12.15). Sleep disorder score significantly higher in women than men, and the marital status, education, occupation, daily glibenclamide, a significant relationship was observed in other diseases, and improve sleep program.In this study the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with diabetes was high. So it seems necessary to notice more to improve sleep disorders in diabetic patients and revise their care program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring needs hierarchy theory based on Maslow model is a suitable way for application in various human academic disciplines. The purpose of this study was measuring Gonabad people's needs and their relationship with demographic factors. This study was conducted on 850 Gonabad residents aged 15 years and older. They were selected according to the stratified sampling method and sample size proportion. Required data for Maslow's needs such as physiological, safety, belonging to group, Esteem and self-actualization needs collected using a researcher-made valid and reliable questionnaire. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and the linear regression model. In this study, 59% of participants were males and the rest were females. Participants' mean age and standard deviations were 35.39 and 14.27 respectively, ranging from 15 to 96 (3.50). In this study, it was cleared that participants' biological needs had a significant relationship with age, gender, education, occupation and income. Also need to group supporting had a significant relationship with gender, education, marital status, household size and income. In the end, self-actualization needs with age, gender, occupation, education, residency history, marital status and number of children had a significant relationship. It appears that demographic factors are very effective for determining true needs of people based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]