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Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare the Pakistani and Malaysian Chinese populations for old and recent sagittal cephalometric analyses. Study design: Cross sectional study of lateral cephalometric radiographs of Malaysian Chinese and Pakistani population for assessment of maxillomandibular relationship in sagittal plane. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalogram of 96 Malaysian Chinese orthodontic patients and 209 Pakistani patients were selected for the study. Radiographs were traced for angle ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, W angle and Yen angle. Patients were categorized into Class I, II and III based on cephalometric analyses, profile and incisor's classification from plaster models. Independent-t test was used to compare both the samples. Results: Skeletal class II was the most prevalent malocclusion in both the samples. There was significant difference in the mean values of most of the measurements for class III cases between both the samples (p < 0.05), however ANB and Wits appraisal for Class I and II patients showed insignificant difference in the measured values. Conclusions: All the performed analyses were significant in diagnosis of sagittal discrepancies. Malaysian Chinese and Pakistani populations are significantly different in cephalometric norms; therefore the respective standards should be followed for diagnosis and treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decomposition of plant litter is a fundamental process in ecosystem function, carbon and nutrient cycling and, by extension, climate change. This study aimed to investigate the role of temperature on the decomposition of water soluble phenolics (WSP), carbon and soil nutrients in conjunction with the phytotoxicity dynamics of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (boneseed) litter. Treatments consisted of three factors including decomposition materials (litter alone, litter with soil and soil alone), decomposition periods and temperatures (5-15, 15-25 and 25-35°C (night/day)). Leachates were collected on 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60th days to analyse physico-chemical parameters and phytotoxicity. Water soluble phenolics and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased with increasing temperature while nutrients like SO4−2 and NO3−1 decreased. Speed of germination, hypocotyl and radical length and weight of Lactuca sativa exposed to leachates were decreased with increasing decomposition temperature. All treatment components had significant effects on these parameters. There had a strong correlation between DOC and WSP, and WSP content of the leachates with radical length of test species. This study identified complex interactivity among temperature, WSP, DOC and soil nutrient dynamics of litter occupied soil and that these factors work together to influence phytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the Bangladeshi and Malaysian Chinese populations for old and recently developed sagittal cephalometric analyses. Study design: Cross sectional study involved lateral cephalometric radiographs of Bangladeshi and Malaysian Chinese population for sagittal assessment of maxillo-mandibular relationship. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalogram of 96 Malaysian Chinese orthodontic patients and 200 Bangladeshi patients were selected for the research. Radiographs were traced for angle ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, W angle and Yen angle. Patients were divided into three skeletal classes i.e. I, II and III based on their cephalometric values, profile and incisor's classification from plaster models. ANOVA was applied to assess the difference in cephalometric values for all skeletal classes and independent-t test was used to compare the measurements for both the populations. Results: Skeletal class II was more prevalent in Malaysian Chinese sample and class I dominated the Bangladeshi sample. Mean values of all the measured analyses for all the skeletal classes were significantly different for both the population (p < 0.05) except ANB for class II and Yen angle for class III patients. Conclusions: All the performed analyses were significant in diagnosing the sagittal discrepancies. Bangladeshi and Malaysian Chinese populations are significantly different in craniofacial morphology; therefore the respective standards should be followed when diagnosis and treatment planning are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare the Bangladeshi and Malay populations for old and newly developed sagittal cephalometric analyses. Study design: Cross sectional study of lateral cephalometric sagittal analysis of Bangladeshi and Malay population to assess their skeletal jaw discrepancies. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 246 Malaysian Malay orthodontic patients and 200 Bangladeshi patients were selected for the research. Radiographs were traced for angle ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, W angle and Yen angle. Patients were divided into three skeletal classes on the basis of their cephalometric values, profile and incisor's classification from casts. Independent-t test was used to compare the measurements for both the populations. Results: Skeletal class 1 was more prevalent in Malay sample as well as in Bangladeshi sample. Both the populations were significantly different in the mean values of all the measured analyses for all the skeletal classes (p < 0.05) except ANB and Yen for class III and Wits for class I patients. Conclusions: All the performed measurements were significant in diagnosing the sagittal discrepancies for all skeletal classes. Bangladeshi and Malay populations are significantly different in craniofacial morphology and cephalometric values; therefore the respective norms should be followed when diagnosis and treatment planning are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of the study was the skeletal assessment of the Malaysian Chinese population in sagittal plane by commonly used (ANB, Wits appraisal) and newly introduced (Beta angle, W angle and Yen angle) cephalometric analyses. Study design: It was a cross sectional study of cephalometric sagittal analyses of Malaysian Chinese sample. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 96 (45 males and 51 females) Malaysian Chinese patients were selected for the study. Radiographs were traced for ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, W angle and Yen angle. Based on cephalometric analyses, incisor's classification from casts and soft tissue profile; patients were classified into skeletal Class I, II and III. SPSS was used for descriptive analyses of data and t test was applied to evaluate the difference in measured values between males and females. Results: Skeletal class II was the most prevalent malocclusion in Malaysian Chinese. Skeletal class I patients also showed measurements with the tendency towards class II. Most of the measured analyses were comparable to the established norms. There was insignificant difference found in the obtained values between males and females except ANB and Yen angle for class II patients (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Malaysian Chinese have Class II craniofacial morphology with no significant sexual dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess Malay population for the skeletal relationship of jaws in sagittal plane, using old (ANB, Wits appraisal) and recently introduced (Beta angle, W angle and Yen angle) cephalometric sagittal analyses. Study design: Cross sectional study of cephalometric sagittal measurements of sample from Malay population. Materials and methods: Pretreatment standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of 246 patients were selected from Malay population which comprised of 87 males and 159 females. Patients were categorize into three skeletal Classes (class I, II and III), based on cephalometric measurements i.e. ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, W angle and Yen angle, incisor's classification from casts and soft tissue profile from pictures. Descriptive analyses and t test was applied to evaluate the difference in measurements among genders. Results: Skeletal class I was the most prevalent malocclusion in Malays with the measured values in upper limits. All the measured analyses were comparable to the established norms. There was insignificant difference found in the obtained values between males and females (p > 0.05) Conclusion: Malaysian Malays have no significant sexual dimorphism in the sagittal plane craniofacial morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]