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International audience; The interaction of 784 intergenic (ig-miRNA), 686 intronic (in-miRNA) and 49 exonic miRNAs (ex-miRNA) with mRNAs of 51 oncogenes coding in-miRNAs was investigated. Out of the studied genes, 44 were targets for 94 ig-miRNAs, 29 were targets for 44 in-miRNAs and 7 were targets for 7 ex-miRNAs. The density of miRNA binding sites was higher in 5'-untranslated regions than it was in coding sequences and 3'-untranslated regions. Three types of miRNA interaction with mRNA were revealed: 5'-dominant canonical, 3'-compensatory and complementary types. In-miRNAs do not interact with mRNAs of host genes (where in-miRNA is encoded). Linkage between some mRNAs of genes encodes in-miRNAs via other in-miRNAs was revealed. These data promote the understanding of interaction mechanism of miRNA with mRNA genes participating in gastrointestinal and breast cancers.; L'interaction de miRNAs avec des mRNAs de 51 incogènes a été étudiée, Trois types d'interaction ont été mis en évidence. Ces données améliorent la compréhension du mécanisme d'interaction des miRNAs avec des gènes mRNAs impliqués dans des cancers de l'intestin ou du sein.

Regulatory relationships of 686 intronic miRNA and 784 intergenic miRNAs with mRNAs of 51 intronic miRNA coding genes were established. Interaction features of studied miRNAs with 5'UTR, CDS and 3'UTR of mRNA of each gene were revealed. Functional regions of mRNA were shown to be significantly heterogenous according to the number of binding sites of miRNA and to the location density of these sites., World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (2011)

The generative potential, depositional environment and thermal maturity of organic-rich rocks from the eastern part of Precaspian and Pre-Uralian Basins (Kazakhstan) were determined by Rock–Eval and molecular analyses. Source rocks of the Precaspian and Pre-Uralian Basins were deposited in a marine environment. Late Carboniferous deposits from the slope located west of the Janajol Platform and the Pre-Uralian Basin contain Type II algal kerogen in limestones. Early and Mid-Visean and Early Permian turbidites contain Type III kerogen composed of terrestrial plants transported and deposited by turbidity currents, or a mixture of Types II and III kerogens. Source rocks from the Carboniferous and most of the Early Permian were deposited in a reducing environment, favouring organic matter preservation; however, the continental influence increases towards the eastern areas in the Pre-Uralian Basin and the Suture zone. The onset of the oil window occurs at a depth of 3200–4000 m. In Early Permian rocks, thermal maturity increases from the west in the Precaspian Basin to the east in the Pre-Uralian Basin and the Suture zone under the Urals Nappe. The Carboniferous rocks in the Precaspian Basin are of lower thermal maturity than the Early Permian rocks of the Pre-Uralian Basin. A multivariate statistical principal components analysis (PCA) using source dependent biomarker parameters suggests that Visean oil correlates with Visean source rocks from the west, the Late Carboniferous oil from the Janajol Platform correlates with Late Carboniferous source rocks from the Pre-Uralian Basin, and the Early Permian oil in the Precaspian is probably a mixture of oil from Early Permian and deeper Early and Late Carboniferous source rocks. Oil from a suprasaliferous reservoir (Late Permian) is close in composition to the Early Permian oil. Models of palaeotemperatures and genesis of hydrocarbons in two sections are consistent with the migration of oil and gas from greater depth and from the suture zone under the thrust of Urals to the west.

International audience; We define new profiles based on hydropathy properties and point out specific profiles for regions surrounding splice sites. We built a set T of flanking regions of genes with 1-3 introns from 21st and 22nd chromosomes. These genes contained 313 introns and 385 exons and were extracted from GenBank. They were used in order to define hydropathy profiles. Most human introns, around 99.66%, are likely to be U2- type introns. They have highly degenerate sequence motifs and many different sequences can function as U2-type splice sites. Our new profiles allow to identify regions which have conservative biochemical features that are essential for recognition by spliceosome. We have also found differences between hydropathy profiles for U2 or U12-types of introns on sets of spice sites extracted from SpliceRack database in order to distinguish GT-AG introns belonging to U2 and U12-types. Indeed, intron type cannot be simply determined by the dinucleotide termini. We show that there is a similarity of hydropathy profiles inside intron types. On the one hand, GT-AG and GC-AG introns belonging to U2-type have resembling hydropathy profiles as well as AT-AC and GT-AG introns belonging to U12-type. On the other hand, hydropathy profiles of U2 and U12-types GT-AG introns are completely different. Finally, we define and compute a pvalue; we compare our profiles with the profiles provided by a classical method, Pictogram.

The solid speciation of some radiologically important radioelements has been examined in soils sampled at the former Semipalatinsk (Nuclear) Test Site (STS) and at Kurdai, the site of a former major uranium mining operation - both situated in Kazakhstan. Specifically, the partitioning of radiostrontium, radiocaesium and plutonium has been examined using sequential extraction on selected soils from the test site, while the partitioning of radium and uranium has been evaluated in soils at Kurdai. The data show that at the STS, in general, little (if any) of the radiostrontium, radiocaesium and plutonium is in an exchangeable form, with the great bulk of the radiostrontium and radiocaesium in a strongly bound or refractory form. In the case of plutonium, the proportion in a strongly bound or refractory form varies from 40% to 95% depending on site and appears to be a function of the explosive yield involved. At the Kurdai ore deposit, less than 5% of the uranium and radium is in an exchangeable form, with some 35-60% of the uranium and the bulk of the radium in a strongly bound or residual form. © 2009 al-Farabi Kazakh National University.

International audience; The aim of this paper is to present a new concept of superconducting inductor for a synchronous machine. This inductor consists of two superconducting coils. These coils have the same axis and are fed by the same current. A superconducting bulk is placed between the two coils in order to obtain a variation of the flux density in the air-gap. This bulk is surrounded by a ferromagnetic material to improve the distribution of the air-gap magnetic field. With the proposed superconducting inductor, we obtain an electrical machine which presents two poles with a high value of the magnetic field in the air gap. In order to show the feasibility of this new superconducting inductor, a prototype has been built and experimental results are given in this paper.