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95. Investigation of Li Anode/FeS2 Cathode Electrochemical Properties for Optimizing High‐Power Thermal Batteries.

Author

Im, Chae‐Nam, Hun Choi, Chi, Yu, Hye‐Ryeon, Ahn, Tae‐Young, Yoon, Hyun‐Ki, Seong Yeo, Jae, and Cho, Jang‐Hyeon

Abstract

Herein, the discharge properties of lithium (Li) anode with FeS2 cathode system are investigated under different pressure loads, weight percent of Li, temperatures, and current densities to provide a fundamental understanding of the operational safety, electrochemical properties, and optimization parameters for Li anode‐based thermal batteries. The lithium anode was prepared via physically mixing Li with Fe powder. The Li−Si alloy, the most common anode for thermal batteries, was investigated simultaneously to show the clear distinction in electrochemical performance between the Li anode and Li−Si anode. For achieving high operational safety and discharge performance with Li anode, the recommended pressure load and weight percent of Li are below 6 kgf cm−2 and 15 wt%, respectively, to prevent any leakage or short‐circuiting problems. The discharge at 500 °C and 0.2–0.4 A cm−2 exhibits the optimal performance for the Li anode and FeS2 cathode system. Finally, the thermal batteries with 17 cells are manufactured to confirm the aforementioned parameters at −32 and 63 °C to demonstrate that the previous results coincide with the actual battery level experiments. Due to the intertwined nature of the parameters, the optimization should always be conducted in a holistic manner to obtain high‐performance thermal batteries for future military applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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96. Flavobacterium eburneum Hwang & Kim & Kang & Ahn 2017, SP. NOV

Author

Hwang, Woon Mo, Kim, Dohak, Kang, Keunsoo, and Ahn, Tae-Young

Subjects
Flavobacterium eburneum, Bacteria, Bacteroidetes, Biodiversity, Flavobacteriales, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Taxonomy
Abstract

DESCRIPTION OF FLAVOBACTERIUM EBURNEUM SP. NOV. Flavobacterium eburneum (e.bur′ ne.um. L. neut. adj. eburneum ivory-coloured). Cells are Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped. Cells do not have flagella but exhibit gliding motility (Fig. S1). Cells are 0.3–0.5 µm in diameter and 1.5–1.8 µm in length. Growth occurs at 10–35 Ǫ C (optimum 25–30 Ǫ C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5), and with 0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). Although colonies grown on R2A agar are ivory in colour, different morphological characteristics are observed in the presence or absence of sodium chloride. In the presence of 1 % (w/v) sodium chloride, colonies are circular and convex, with a regular margin. Colonies grown without sodium chloride are irregular and swarming with a curled-margin. No growth difference is observed in 0–1.0 % (w/v) sodium chloride. In R2A broth and on R2A agar, growth is inhibited with 2 % (w/v) sodium chloride and 3 % (w/v) sodium chloride, respectively. Growth occurs on A&O, NA, and TSA but not on MacConkey agar. Flexirubin-type and carotenoid pigments are absent. Nitrate reduction is observed in nitrate broth. Cells are positive for catalase activity but negative for oxidase activity; positive for acid production from lactose but negative for acid production from fructose, glucose, mannitol and sucrose; and positive for hydrolysis of CM-cellulose and starch but negative for hydrolysis of aesculin (aesculin iron agar) and gelatin. In API ZYM tests, positive results are observed for for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, Oi -chymotrypsin, Oi - fucosidase, Oi -glucosidase, esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and N -acetyl- β - glucosaminidase activities, weakly positive results for esterase (C4) activity, and negative results for Oi -galactosidase, Oi -mannosidase, β -galactosidase, β -glucosidase, β -glucuronidase, crystine arylamidase, lipase (C14), trypsin and valine arylamidase activities. The Vitek GN system produced positive results for Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase, Oi -glucosidase, D- glucose, maltose, Glu-Gly-Arg arylamidase, glutamyl arylamidase pNA, L- pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, N -acetyl- β -galactosaminidase, N - acetyl- β -glucosaminidase, phosphatase and tyrosine arylamidase, and negative reactions for adonitol, Oi -galactosidase, β - alanine arylamidase pNA, β -galactosidase, β -glucosidase, β -glucuronidase, β -xylosidase, coumarate, cellobiose, D- mannitol, D- mannose, D- sorbitol, D- tagatose, trehalose, ellman, 5- keto-D- gluconate, Ƴ -glutamyl-transferase, glucose fermentation, glycine arylamidase, lipase, L- arabitol, L- histidine assimilation, L- lactate alkalinization, L- lactate assimilation, L- malate assimilation, L- proline arylamidase, lysine decarboxylase, malonate, ornithine decarboxylase, O/129 resistance (comp. vibrio), palatinose, sodium citrate, succinate alkalinization, sucrose and urease. Cells are resistant to bacitracin, kanamycin and polymyxin B, but susceptible to ampicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, novobiocin, penicillin G, rifampicin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Major cellular fatty acids (>7 % of total) are iso-C 15: 0, summed feature 3 (C Ɯ 7с and/or C 16: 1 Ɯ 6с), iso-C 17: 0 3-OH, and iso-C 15: 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminolipid, one unknown glycolipid, one unknown aminophospholipid and three unknown lipids. The major respiratory quinone is MK-6. The type strain, SA31 T (= KACC 18743 T = JCM 31221 T), was isolated from reclaimed saline land soil at Bunam Lake in Taean-gun, South Korea. Th e DNA G+C content of the type strain is 33.5 mol%.

Published
2017
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