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Oxazolone derivative 2 was utilised as a key intermediate for the synthesis of some new imidazolone deriva- tives. Reaction of 2 with p-aminoacetophenone in the presence of acetic acid containing catalytic amount of freshly fused sodium acetate gives the corresponding imidazolone derivative 3 which on reaction with diethyl oxalate in the presence of granulated sodium metal afforded the corresponding imidazolone derivative 4. Condensation of compound 3 with some aromatic aldehydes afforded the corresponding cinnamoylphenyl derivatives 5a-c, respectively. Besides, compounds 5a-c reacted with hydrazine hydrate in boiling ethanol and yield the corresponding 4-arylidene-1- (p-(5-aryl-2- pyrazolin-3-y1) phenyl)-2-phenyl-2-imidazolin-5-ones 6a-c, respectively. Moreover, refluxing of compounds 5a-c with both ethylcyanoace- tate and/or malononitrile in ethanol and ammonium acetate afforded 7a-c and 8a-c, respectively. Claisen reaction of 3 with ethylacetate gives the corresponding imidazolone derivative 9 which on reaction with thiourea in ethanol afforded the cor- responding thienopyrimidine derivative 10. On the other hand, reaction of oxazolone 2 with both ethyl p-aminobenzoate and anthranilic acid in glacial acetic acid and freshly fused sodium acetate has been also studied. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis and spectral data. Representative compounds of the synthe- sized products were tested and evaluated as antifungal and antimicrobial agents. Most of compounds exhibited good activi- ties, where 3, 5b, 5c, 6a, 7b, 7c, 8a, 9, 11, 13 and 14 exhibited good activities against Bacillus Thuringenesis and Klebseilla Pneumonia, while compounds 3, 4, 6a, 6b, 6c, 7c, 8a, 8c, 11, 12 and 16 exhibited good activities against Trichoderma

2-(4-Toluenesulphonyloxy phenyl)-3,1-benzoxazine-4-one 2 was prepared and reacted with some nitrogen nucleophiles, e.g., ammonia, o-phenylendiamine, some heterocyclic amines, hydrazine hydrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sulphur nucleophile, e.g., phosphorous pentasulphide. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis and spectral data. All new prepared compounds were subjected to antimicrobial activity evaluation where compounds, 8, 9, 10 and 18 exhibited good activities against Bacillus Thuringenesis and 5, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17 and 18 exhibited good activities against Klebseilla Pneumonia. On the other hand, the results for antifungal activities revealed that, compounds 5, 6, 7, 16 and 17 exhibited good activities against Trichoderma Herzianum and Trichoderma Virdi.

4-(4-Oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate (2) was prepared and reacted with some primary aromatic amines, e.g., aniline, p-chloro aniline, p-methoxy aniline, p-amino benzoic acid and p-amino acetophenone. It reacted also with some heterocyclic amines, e.g., 2-aminothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole, 5-amino-4-phenylazo-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one and 3-amino-2-methylquinazolinone and with diamines; e.g., o-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, ethylenediamine, semicarbazide hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide under different conditions. On the other hand, compound (2) reacted with both sodium azide and active methylene compounds, e.g., ethylcyanoacetate and ethylacetoacetate to give (19) and (20), respectively. All new prepared compounds were subjected to antimicrobial activity evaluation.

This review presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of the methods ofpreparation and the chemical reactivity of 3-(2-haloacyl)indoles. These compounds are important intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of otherwise difficult to obtain synthetically useful and novel heterocyclic systems. The data published over the past few years are reviewed here for the first time.

A novel multicomponent synthesis of highly substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives starting from simple and readily available reactants is described. Three-component condensation of 4-(thiazol-2-yldiazenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diamine with triethyl orthoformate and carbonyl compounds or nitriles containing an activated methylene group gave substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. An analogous reaction of 4-(thiazol-2-yldiazenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diamine with ethyl acetoacetate and benzaldehyde in an effective one-pot process furnished ethyl 2-amino-5-methyl-7-phenyl-3-(thiazol-2-yldiazenyl)-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate.

This review highlighted the methods used for the synthesis of different heterocyclic compounds derived from 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile. The reactivity and their synthetic importance were investigated. In this context, recent progress in the synthesis and use of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile as precursors for heterocyclic compounds is reviewed.

This review describes the synthesis and reactions of 2-amino-3-carbethoxythiophenes as building blocks for the syntheses of poly functionalized heterocyclic compounds.

This review highlights the methods used for the synthesis of enaminonitriles of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds. Their reactivity and synthetic importance were investigated. In this context, recent progress in the synthesis and use of enaminonitriles of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole as precursors for heterocyclic compounds is reviewed. The synthetic routes for preparation of enaminonitriles are based on multicomponent reactions including three- or four-component reactions. Enaminonitriles can be used as building blocks for carbocyclic five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles as well as fused heterocyclic compounds. The bibliography includes 94 references.