Search

This submission includes an artifact for CirFix, a framework for automatically repairing defects in hardware designs implemented in languages like Verilog. We also present a benchmark suite of 32 defect scenarios corresponding to a variety of hardware projects. Overall, CirFix produces plausible repairs for 21/32 and correct repairs for 16/32 of the defect scenarios. This repair rate is comparable to that of successful program repair approaches for software, indicating CirFix is effective at bringing over the benefits of automated program repair to the hardware domain for the first time. Please contact Hammad Ahmad (hammada@umich.edu) if you have any questions.

Cyclists must withstand significant wind force from passing vehicles. This study analyzed the magnitude of wind force generated by different vehicle types (sports utility vehicle, pickup truck, single unit truck, and semi-trailer truck), vehicle speeds (25, 40, and 60 mph), separation distances (2 ft, 4 ft, and 6 ft), and cyclist riding positions (racing and touring). Three research methods were used: field tests in controlled and natural environments, computational fluid dynamic simulations, and scaled-model wind tunnel experiments. The analysis focused on assessing longitudinal and transverse wind forces that are directed at the cyclist in parallel and perpendicular directions, respectively. All three methods showed the expected trend—that wind force increases with an increase in vehicle muzzle bluntness, vehicle speed, and cyclist proximity. Selected measurements and various models are provided. The wind force to knock a cyclist over (i.e., the flipping moment) was calculated for each test scenario (vehicle type, speed, and separation distance) and compared with the recommended limit (17 N) found in the literature. The semi-trailer truck generated flipping moments that exceeded the limit for all scenarios except 25 mph and 6 ft separation. All the vehicles, at all the speeds tested, exceeded the limit at 2 ft separation. This novel use of simulation and wind tunnel experiments provides groundwork for future research.

The impact of aerodynamics on vehicle safety during crossing of passenger cars is investigated, in the absence and presence of 30 ° crosswind. Three-dimensional, unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to simulate these maneuvers. The vortical structures surrounding one car in the case without crosswind were analyzed, establishing the connection between force and moment fluctuations pre-interaction and the shedding frequency of these vortices. The forces and moments acting on a passenger car during a crossing maneuver may change by up to 43 %, with the maximum change associated with the windward car in the presence of crosswind. However, the duration of this increase in forces is at most 0.01 s, which will not affect the stability of vehicles under normal conditions. The presence of crosswind increased the rate of fluctuation of forces and moments. Wind tunnel experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations, and the data available in literature. The analysis results do not show the necessity of enacting new safety policies on highways, but future parametric studies are needed to fully investigate the impact of different crosswind speeds and directions, the impact of discrepancy in vehicles sizes, and different vehicle lateral separating distances during crossing and overtaking.

Routine frailty assessment has emerged recently in the surgical literature and is an important prognostication and risk stratification tool. The aim of our study was to review our 7-y experience with two frailty assessment tools and changing trends in their use.We performed a 7-y (2011-2017) analysis of our prospectively maintained frailty database. Frail patients were identified using the emergency general surgery and trauma specific frailty indices. Outcome measures were rates of compliance with frailty assessment, overall complications, discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF)/rehab, and mortality over the study period. Multivariate logistic regression and Cochran-Armitage trend analyses were performed.We evaluated a total of 1045 geriatric patients (Trauma: 587, EGS: 458). Mean age was 74.5 ± 7.9 y, 74% were males, and 81% were white. Overall, 34% of the patients were frail. Compared to non-frail patients, frail patients had higher adjusted rates of complications (OR 2.4 [1.9-2.9]), mortality (OR 1.8 [1.4-2.3]), and rehab/SNF disposition (OR 3.7 [3.1-4.3]). The compliance rate of measuring frailty increased from 12% in 2011 to 78% in 2017, P0.001 (Figure). The complication rate decreased (33% versus 21%, P0.001), while the rate of discharge disposition to SNF/Rehab increased (41% versus 58%, P0.001). There was no difference in mortality (11% versus 9.8%, P = 0.48) over the study period.Adherence to frailty measurement increased over the study period. This was accompanied by a significant decline in overall in-hospital complications. Frailty indices can be utilized to identify high-risk patients and develop post-operative strategies to improve outcomes in acute care surgery.

Opioids are commonly used as an analgesic agent in the prehospital setting. Current efforts to prevent and control prescription opioid overuse are focused on the in-hospital and post-discharge phases. The aim of our study was to assess the associations between pre-hospital opioids use and in-hospital outcomes among trauma patients.We performed a 2 year (2016-2017) retrospective analysis of our Level-I trauma center database. We included all adult trauma patients (age18y) who received pre-hospital opioids (Fentanyl (F) or Morphine-Sulfate (MS)). Outcome measures were emergency-department (ED) hypotension (SPB90 mmHg), ED intubation, prescription opioid medication upon discharge, and mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.In total, 709 patients were included in the analysis. Cutoff values of 200 mcg F and 15 mg MS were significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Overall, the ED hypotension rate was 14.4%, ED intubation rate was 6%, and ED mortality rate was 3.1%. On regression analysis, higher dosages of both pre-hospital F and pre-hospital MS were independently associated with increased odds of ED hypotension, ED intubation, and discharge on opioid medications, but not with ED mortality.Pre-hospital administration of high dose opioids is associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes. Collaborative efforts to standardize and control the overuse of opioids should target the pre-hospital setting to limit opioid associated adverse effects.

Nowadays, the development of cloud computing has given power to the resource-constrained network control system (NCS) to out-source heavy computations to the cloud server. However, the development of Cloud Computing produced many security challenges regarding the cyber-physical connection between the cloud and control system. The connection between the control system and cloud server can be subjected to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack by an attacker to destabilize the NCS. In this paper, we will address this issue by building a secure mechanism for such systems. We will design a detection approach and a mitigation approach for better stable performance of NCS. To ensure the stability of NCS at the time of DDoS attack, we will also design a switching mechanism (SM) for cloud control system (CCS) when there are no more real time solutions available from the cloud. Finally, we will apply the proposed mechanism to an unmanned arial vehicle (UAV). Our simulation results show that the mechanism works well in stability and protection of NCS under DDoS attack.

A two-dimensional (2-D) modeling of the burning process of Jordanian oil shale in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) burner was done in this study. The governing equations of continuity, momentum, energy, mass diffusion, and chemical combustion reactions kinetics were solved numerically using the finite volume method. The numerical solution was carried out using a high-resolution 2-D mesh to account for the solid and gaseous phases, k-e turbulence, non-premixed combustion, and reacting CFD model with the same dimensions and materials of the experimental combustion burner used in this work. The temperature distribution and evolution of species were also computed.Proximate and ultimate analyses were also performed to evaluate the air–fuel ratio and ash content. The required thermophysical properties, such as heating value, density, and porosity were obtained experimentally, while the activation energy was obtained from published literature.It was found that the temperature contours of the combustion ...

Moringa Olivera is one of the most important plants in earth in fields of nutrition and medicines, and has economic value. The main objectives of this study were to measure trace elements concentrations and calculate co-factor of some elements K, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn. Five samples were taken from soil and leaves of Moringa Olivera from Alsamrab area, analyzed by X- ray florescence (XRF) to measure concentrations of trace elements, which are K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Br, Rb, Y,± Zr and Nb which has concentrations of (6786 1650, 26920 ± 1209, 1051.2 ± 902.57, 41800 ± 3994.997, 13.04 ± 1.890, 65.68 ± 11.932, 22.48 ± 5.266, 6.2 ± 1.235, 48.14 ± 7.87, 18.66 ± 1.088, 307.8 ± 55.91 and 19.54 ± 3.95 ppm), respectively. Comparison between Sudanese Moringa Olivera and African studies (Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Ghana) concentrate in Ca, K, Cu, Zn and Fe elements. Nigerian Moringa (303, 1.65, N.F., 3.33 and 13.85 ppm), respectively. Burkina Faso Moringa (2098, 1922, N.F., 5.4 and 28.3 ppm), respectively. Ghanaian Moringa (26.4, 21.7, 7.1, 13.7 and 175 ppm). The results showed significantly cofactor of K and Ca (5.6% and 2.9%). Moringa has a competitive characteristic with other Sudanese food (Mango, Baobab and Pumpkin).

This article aims to review current knowledge of bronchiolitis in children, especially those till 12 months due to high prevalence in them. As well several management methods are emphasized. Literature search using MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL was conducted throughout 2018 for all types of studies including clinical, reviews, meta-analysis studies and observational studies that reported the management of bronchiolitis in children. Acute bronchiolitis is the most widespread reduced respiratory system tract disease in infants and children, and is usually the outcome of viral infection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most constant contaminating agent. Bronchodilators are not constantly efficient, however might have some advantage in chosen patients. If offered to patients with bronchiolitis, their usage needs to just be continued if unbiased measures demonstrate improvement in the patients oxygenation or work of breathing. Corticosteroids have not been shown to be effective and are not suggested for routine use. Ribavirin is not suggested for regular usage in patients with bronchiolitis, although it may be of advantage in immunocompromised patients. Antibiotics need to only be utilized in the presence of a validated bacterial infection.

The seismic provisions for the Building Code of Pakistan were revised after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake and these have resulted in the introduction of a macrozonation ground motion hazard map in the seismic provisions. The macrozonation map proposes a peak ground acceleration (PGA) for the return period of 475 yr for Pakistan for flat rock sites. After the macrozonation, the next step is to develop the surface ground motion assessment studies for the cities, districts and tehsils of Pakistan. In this study, the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) approach is used for the Peshawar District. The PSHA, consistent with the classical Cornell approach, is carried out to obtain the seismic hazard curves and uniform hazard spectra of PGA values for the return periods of 150, 475, 975 and 2475 yr at a grid spacing of $$0.1{^{\circ }}\times 0.1{^{\circ }}$$ . The PGA for Peshawar at 150, 475, 975 and 2475 yr return period is estimated as 0.23, 0.34, 0.39 and 0.45g, respectively, for rock flat outcrop site conditions. The surface ground motion maps proposed in this study incorporate the local soil effects using amplification factors based on shear wave velocity obtained as a proxy to the topographic slope. The resultant ground surface hazard assessment proposes the PGA value of 0.63g for the return period of 475 yr and 0.89g for the return period of 2475 yr. The maps developed in the current study are important inputs for the structural designing, risk assessment and land use planning of the Peshawar District.

The main objective of this study is to explore how social media marketing help brands when brands facings crises. Brand equity is a priceless asset of companies. Most of owners of different businesses say that use of social media do miracles for their businesses. Social media consists of online web interactive tools such as Facebook, YouTube, Google plus, Twitter, Snap chat, Blogs, WhatsApp Etc. Through these tools companies interact with their customers to maintain positive relations with them and to become more close to customers. To support our research we use case study of Maggi Noodles brand in India. In order to accomplish the objective of the study we use Brand Asset Valuator model. The findings of our research shows that social media has positive effect on brand equity during crisis. We also find that where the social media services are not available there are less chances of brand improvement and it has negative effects on brand loyalty and brand equity.

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale and Nigella sativa extracts against the larvae of T. granarium under laboratory conditions in the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2009-10. The highest concentration of (6 %) Z. officinale was found to be comparatively more toxic (16.70 %) than those of A. sativum (10.45 %) and N. sativa (5.49 %) at 96 hours exposure. Regarding latent effect of the test plant materials, Z. officinale gave significantly higher reduction (54.15 %) in F1 progeny than N. sativa (41.97 %) and A. sativum (32.19 %). The study reveals that Z. officinale had a strong latent effect against the larvae of the test pest. Further investigations on the efficacy of longer exposure in combination with higher concentrations of these extracts can be helpful to reduce the wheat store-insect damage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15250 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 103-111