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ObjectiveTraumatic experiences are a significant risk factor for psychological disturbances, including disorders such as complex posttraumatic stress disorder, emotion-processing problems, and trauma-related dissociative experiences. The present investigation examined the coexistence of these symptoms using a network analysis model.MethodThis study included a sample of 406 people referred to comprehensive health centers in Tehran from September to December 2023 with psychopathological syndromes. Variables were assessed using The International Trauma Questionnaire, International Measurement of Exposure to Traumatic Event checklist, Baker Emotional Processing Questionnaire, and Dissociative Experiences. A regularized partial correlation network and Glasso algorithm, in combination with Extended Bayesian information criteria, were applied to estimate the network structure.ResultsSigns of unprocessed emotions and disturbance in self-organization symptoms were the most important symptoms in the symptom network, forming strong connections with other nodes. Thereby, these two symptoms can be regarded as the most important clinical manifestations in the symptom network following traumatic experiences. Three distinct symptom communities were identified: the community of traumatic experiences (childhood, adolescence, adulthood), the community of dissociative experiences (amnesia, depersonalization/derealization, and absorption), and the community of emotional processing (suppression, unpleasant emotional experience, Signs of unprocessed emotions, avoidance, and emotional control, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and disturbance in self-organization symptoms). The strongest edges observed were between childhood trauma-adolescence trauma (0.473) in the community of traumatic experiences, between amnesia and depersonalization/derealization (0.644) in the community of dissociative experiences, and between disturbance in self-organization symptoms and unprocessed emotions (0.324) in the community of emotional processing, indicating the recurrent occurrence of these symptoms.ConclusionIn this study, disturbance in self-organization symptoms was identified as the central psychopathologic symptom in individuals experiencing traumas at different developmental stages. It seems that adolescent trauma and not childhood trauma plays a more decisive role in the symptoms that a person manifests after traumatic experiences. Also, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and disturbance in self-organization symptoms were recognized in the cluster of emotional processing symptoms and can have substantial roles in prioritizing therapeutic measures.

Abstract Introduction Epistemic trust, or trust in transmitted knowledge, has been proposed as a critical factor in psychopathology and psychotherapy. This study aimed at evaluating the psychometric properties of the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ) in Iran. Method Data were collected from 906 participants. Along with the ETMCQ, measures of mentalizing, mindfulness, perspective‐taking, attachment, emotion dysregulation, and borderline personality disorder were administered. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to determine factorial structure. Results The ESEM model showed an acceptable fit and outperformed the confirmatory model. A 14‐item version of the ETMCQ was retained after examining item performance. Our findings also established criterion‐related validity for mistrust and credulity, an acceptable internal consistency for credulity, discriminant power for mistrust and credulity in detecting positive screens for borderline personality disorder, and measurement invariance across sexes. Conclusion This study provides evidence for the cross‐cultural applicability of the ETMCQ. Nonetheless, the validity of the trust and internal consistency of the mistrust subscale require particular attention in future research.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the moderating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between the characteristics of dynamic environments and future wars on the performance of operational commanders in the integrated command and control network of Aja air defense.Research method: The research method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative) and the qualitative statistical population includes 12 experts and the quantitative statistical population includes 234 people, and the Karjesi-Morgan table was used for sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, and the statistical analysis software SPSS24, Amos26 was used to analyze the data.Findings: The model was prepared with 4 dimensions and 30 components. The findings of the statistical tests indicated a good fit of the model and showed that cognitive flexibility positively moderates the relationship between the characteristics of the dynamic environment and future wars on commanders' performance.Conclusion: The results of the present study also showed that the severity of the impact of cognitive flexibility was 0.79, the characteristics of future wars was 0.612, and mission dynamics was 0.587 on performance, and a total of 0.77% of the variance of commanders' performance was explained in the model.

Perhaps assuming a principle which is beyond reason and being is the most characteristic of the Neoplatonic thought. This principle is absolutely ineffable and no epithet deserves it. We can talk about it merely by negation. But such a transcendent principle, which Plotinus introduced it to the platonic philosophy, did not remain without any critique among Neoplatonists. The most elaborated critique by a Neoplatonist is that of Damascius in the first part of his Problems and Solutions. He argues that the One, being an arche, cannot be transcendent, and being transcendent, refuses to be an arche. So, there is an inconsistency between being an arche and being transcendent. Therefore, the Neoplatonic One, which is the first principle, is not beyond being, rather it is a being. However, this claim, which is the corner stone of Damascius’ argument, has been neglected by the writers on the topic, and they have sought other formulations for his argument. Based on Damascius’ texts, we have argued that we can ascribe such a claim to Damascius, and further, regard it as the foundation of his belief in an absolutely transcendent beyond the One, which is completely ineffable and about which only silence is due.

Background: Previous reports suggest flavonoids as potent analgesic compounds. Objectives: Based on these observations, the present study investigated the anti-nociceptive action of troxerutin and neural interactions with opioidergic, serotoninergic, and nitrergic systems in mice. Methods: A total of 340 male mice were randomly divided into 2 categories. Each category included four experiments with four groups. In the first experiment of formalin examination, the animals intraperitoneally received saline and troxerutin (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg). In the second experiment, the animals received saline, naloxone (2 mg/kg), troxerutin (300 mg/kg), and troxerutin+naloxone. In the third and fourth experiments, L-NAME (L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester) and cyproheptadine were injected. In this test, formalin was injected and paw licking time (pain sense) was recorded. In the writhing test, experimental groups were treated similarly and the mice were injected with acetic acid. Then, the inhibition of the writhing movements was recorded. Results: According to the findings, troxerutin decreased pain in the formalin test and writhing movements in the writhing test (P=0.001). Naloxone and troxerutin decreased licking time and writhing movements (P=0.001). L-NAME+troxerutin significantly diminished the anti-nociceptive effect of troxerutin on paw licking and inhibited pain response (P=0.001). Conclusion: These results suggested that troxerutin decreases inflammatory pain in mice, and this effect is mediated by opioidergic and nitrergic systems.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health concern. Globally, TB is among the top 10 and the leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent. Providing standard anti-TB therapy for at least 6 months is recommended as one of the crucial strategies to control the TB epidemic. However, the long duration of TB treatment raised the issue of non-adherence. Non-adherence to TB therapy could negatively affect clinical and public health outcomes. Thus, directly observed therapy (DOT) has been introduced as a standard strategy to improve anti-TB medication adherence. Nonetheless, the DOT approach has been criticized due to inconvenience, stigma, reduced economic productivity, and reduced quality of life, which ultimately could complicate adherence issues. Apart from that, its effectiveness in improving anti-TB adherence is debatable. Therefore, digital technology could be an essential tool to enhance the implementation of DOT. Incorporating the health belief model (HBM) into digital technology can further increase its effectiveness in changing behavior and improving medication adherence. This article aimed to review the latest evidence regarding TB medication non-adherence, its associated factors, DOT’s efficacy and its alternatives, and the use of digital technology and HBM in improving medication adherence. This paper used the narrative review methodology to analyze related articles to address the study objectives. Conventional DOT has several disadvantages in TB management. Integrating HBM in digital technology development is potentially effective in improving medication adherence. Digital technology provides an opportunity to improve medication adherence to overcome various issues related to DOT implementation.

Purpose – This paper investigates professional translation practice in Saudi Arabia with a particular focus on translation ethics. Following an examination of varying opinions and contentious concepts relating to translation, this paper suggests that Saudi Arabia should establish a code of ethics for translation services. It investigates the ethical challenges that translators encounter during their professional work and considers their responses to these challenges. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative methodology was adopted to collect data from forty participants. This self-completed survey uncovered 11 ethical dimensions that translators encounter during the translation process and the researchers used descriptive analysis to calculate the mean and standard deviation of their frequency and importance. Participants' responses to the multiple-choice questions were categorised as personal, professional ethics or sociopolitical activism, and their overall percentages calculated. Findings – For all 11 dimensions, the mean scores fell in the mid-frequency range between 2.74 and 3.88, inferring that the respondents faced these ethical challenges neither particularly frequently nor infrequently. Regarding the importance rankings, the mean scores varied between 1.58 and 2.04, consistently lower than the experience frequency rankings, which indicates that these challenges were considered important regardless of their frequency. The majority (40.27%) related to professional notions of ethics, followed by personal ethics (35.22%) and sociopolitical and activist conceptions of ethics (24.14%), while less than 1% (0.37%) reflected mixed motivations. Originality/value – The study's concept and methodology are both novel. The researchers believe that this is the first study to examine professional translation ethics in the Saudi context. Unlike most studies in this field, this study adopted a quantitative approach, thus calling for the development of an effective professional code of ethics for translators.

BACKGROUND: In women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), emotional problems constitute most of their symptoms. This study aimed to identify the emotion schemes of women with PMDD and to determine the core emotional pains at the center of the emotion scheme of PMDD to facilitate the treatment of this disorder using an emotion-focused therapy (EFT) approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed using the directed content analysis method by Hsieh and Shannon. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. The Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) was used for the primary diagnosis of women, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) was conducted for the final diagnosis. A total of 10 participants were examined via in-depth interviews in this study. The emotion scheme matrix was used as a framework to identify the emotion scheme of PMDD. RESULTS: Based on the emotion scheme matrix, the participants’ experiences were classified into two main themes, four categories, and eight subcategories, with 37 extracted codes. CONCLUSION: Based on the present results, the primary and secondary emotions and behaviors in women with PMDD indicated perceptual-situational, bodily-expressive, motivational-behavioral, and symbolic-conceptual elements in line with the core emotional pains of desperation, despair, and feelings of worthlessness based on the primary maladaptive scheme of shame, which is responsible for different psychological symptoms.

هدف البحث إلى دراسة العلاقة التي تربط بين خصائص لجنة التدقيق وجودة الأرباح المحاسبية لشركات التأمين العاملة في سوق دمشق للأوراق المالية, وفي سبيل ذلك فقد قام الباحث بجمع البيانات الخاصة بالمتغير المستقل المتمثل بخصائص لجنة التدقيق من تقارير الحوكمة المنشورة على موقع هيئة الأوراق والأسواق المالية السورية, وكذلك البيانات الخاصة بالمتغير التابع المتمثل بجودة الأرباح المحاسبية من خلال القوائم والتقارير المالية الخاصة بشركات التامين المدرجة في سوق دمشق للأوراق المالية, وهيئة الأوراق والأسواق المالية السورية, وعددها 7 شركات تأمين وذلك خلال المدة من عام 2009 ولغاية 2017, وقد تمت دراسة البيانات من خلال برنامج Eviews10. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين خاصيتي استقلال لجنة التدقيق وعدد اجتماعات لجنة التدقيق سنوياً, مع جودة الأرباح, بينما كانت العلاقة بين عدد اجتماعات لجنة التدقيق مع المدقق الخارجي, وتوفر الخبرة المالية والمحاسبية في لجنة التدقيق ومتغير جودة الأرباح, غير ذات دلالة إحصائية.

IntroductionResearch from around the world shows important differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on mental health. This study examined the extent of mental health challenges (depressive and anxiety symptoms and daily life difficulties) and their associations with pandemic- and response-related factors during the first lockdown in Lebanon, which happened amid a severe economic crisis and socio-political turmoil.MethodsData come from a cross-sectional internet-based survey (May-June 2020). Association of depressive (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)) and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7)) with outbreak-related worries and knowledge, information sources, and confidence and satisfaction in response measures were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and socioeconomic indicators.ResultsAmong 510 participants (mean age 36.1±11.3; 69.4% women), 32.3% had elevated depressive and 27.3% had elevated anxiety symptoms; younger age, unemployment, loss of employment, and lower income were related to more mental health symptoms. Most prevalent daily life challenges were feelings of uncertainty (74.5%) and financial (52.2%) and emotional (42.2%) difficulties; these and all other daily life difficulties (work-related, caregiving, and online learning) were significantly higher among participants with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Higher outbreak-related worries were associated with higher depressive (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.20,1.53) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.30,1.67). Higher pandemic-related knowledge, reliance on and trust in local health agencies and professionals' information, and satisfaction and confidence regarding governmental and health institutions' response were all related to lower mental health symptoms.ConclusionResults show that mental health burden in Lebanon during the first lockdown (when the COVID-19 outbreak was still minimal) is among the highest reported worldwide and highlight elevated emotional and financial tolls and widespread impact on daily life. In this high-burden and multiple-challenges context, results suggest an important role for the healthcare body, knowledge, and trust in the institutions managing the response.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive primary bone malignancy that metastasizes rapidly. The standard of care has changed little over the previous four decades, and survival rates have plateaued. In this context, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) emerge as potential treatments. A literature search was conducted to collect data related to receptor tyrosine kinase genetic alterations and expression in OS specimens. Gene amplification and protein expression of these receptors were linked to prognosis and tumor behavior. Relevant TKIs were evaluated as monotherapies and as parts of combination therapies. Certain TKIs, such as apatinib, regorafenib, and cabozantinib, present a potential therapeutic avenue for OS patients, especially when combined with chemotherapy. Producing long-lasting responses and enhancing quality of life remain key goals in OS treatment. To this effect, optimizing the use of TKIs by identifying biomarkers predictive of response and assessing promising TKIs in larger-scale trials to validate the efficacy and safety outcomes relative to these drugs reported in phase II clinical trials. To this effect, it is necessary to identify biomarkers predictive of response to TKIs in larger-scale trials and to validate the efficacy and safety of these drugs reported in phase II clinical trials.

Abstract Background Ocular hypertension is one of the most underdiagnosed ocular abnormalities among guinea pigs around the world. Objectives The current study investigates the effect of 0.0015% preservative‐free tafluprost ophthalmic solution (Zioptan) on the intraocular pressure of 16 healthy male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) under different light/darkness regimes. Methods All guinea pigs received a single drop of tafluprost at 5:30 in the right eye, whereas the contralateral eyes served as control to receive a placebo. Then, the animals were randomly divided into two groups; group A was exposed to light, whereas group B was placed in darkness from 5:30 to 18:00. Rebound tonometry (TonoVet) was instrumented to measure IOP values at 5:30 (baseline), 6:00, 7:00, 8:00, 9:00 and then every 3 h until 18:00. Results The maximum IOP reduction associated with tafluprost was observed at 6:00 by −1.4 ± 1.1 mmHg (p‐value = 0.026) and −2.5 ± 1.2 mmHg (p‐value = 0.011) in group A and B, respectively (repeated measure ANOVA test). There was a significant difference between the mean right and left eye IOP values in both groups at 5:30, 6:00, 7:00 and 8:00 (p‐value

Varicocele is a pathological dilation of the venous network of the spermatic cord and considering that magnesium oxide nanoparticles play a key role in various physiological functions, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of nanoparticles on sperm characteristics affected by experimental varicocele. A total of 54 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 equal groups including healthy control group (untouched animals), sham-operated group (underwent sham surgery), three healthy experimental groups (animals in these groups received magnesium oxide nanoparticles at doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg respectively by gavage for 6 weeks), varicocele control group (varicocele was induced by renal vein ligation) and three experimental varicocele groups (in addition to varicocele induction, magnesium oxide nanoparticles were given at doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg respectively by gavage for 6 weeks). At the end of the 6th week, the abdomen was opened and semen samples were collected from the tail of the epididymis to determine the indices of concentration, survival and motility of sperm and the data were statistically analyzed (p

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of effective knowledge management in mitigating the impact of public health crises. Big data analytics can play a critical role in providing insights and informing decision-making during a pandemic. However, the challenges associated with collecting, analyzing, and managing the data, especially with privacy and security concerns, make it a complex task. This paper proposes a knowledge management framework for COVID-19 mitigation using a big data analytics approach. The framework includes a systematic process for data collection, analysis, and dissemination, as well as a set of best practices for knowledge management. Additionally, the framework complies with data protection and privacy regulations. The proposed framework aims to support public health officials and other stakeholders in effectively managing the COVID-19 pandemic by providing timely and accurate information. It can also be adapted and applied to other public health crises and be a useful tool for addressing the challenges associated with big data analytics in the context of public health. The paper presents the proposed framework in detail and provides components of how the framework can be applied to COVID-19 in Indonesia. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-015 Full Text: PDF

Abstract Labor requirements in peanut cultivation are high, especially weeding, harvesting, and postharvest (threshing). Labor requirements for peanut harvesting are quite high, with about 41 labor work day (LWD) per ha required for hand-pulling and threshing the pods (Antarno 1992). With a yield of 0.8 tha-1 of groundnut seed, this accounts for 41% of the total labor requirement for postharvest handling (107 LWD). PT Garudafood Putra Putri Jaya Tbk, whose main food products are based on peanuts, such as Garuda Peanut, has started using farm machinery, from tillage to planting, crop care, and harvesting. In order to improve the quality of the peanut harvester's work, improvements, and refinements; in this paper, the results of the harvesting machine performance test and research results that can be used to improve the performance of the harvesting machine are presented. Abstrak Kebutuhan tenaga kerja pada kegiatan usaha tani kacang memerlukan tenaga kerja yang besar, khususnya pada kegiatan perawatan tanaman (penyiangan), panen dan pascapanen (perontokan). Tenaga kerja yang diperlukan untuk panen kacang tanah cukup tinggi, sekitar 41 HOK per ha, yakni untuk kegiatan mencabut dan merontok polong dengan tangan (Antarno 1992). Jumlah tersebut mencapai 41% dari total kebutuhan tenaga kerja untuk penanganan pascapanen (107 HOK) pada tingkat hasil 0,8 tha-1 kacang tanah biji. PT Garuda food Putra Putri Jaya Tbk., dimana produk makanan utama yang dihasilkan adalah berbasis kacang tanah, seperti salah satu produknya yang dikenal sebagai Kacang Garuda (Garuda Peanut), mulai menggunakan mesin pertanian, dari olah tanah, tanam, perawatan tanaman serta panen. Yang masih belum dapat bekerja dengan optimal, khususnya untuk lahan di Subang adalah mesin panen. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas hasil kerja dari mesin pemanen kacang tanah maka perlu dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan, pada makalah ini disampaikan hasil uji kinerja mesin pemanen serta hasil-hasil penelitian yang dapat digunakan untuk perbaikan kinerja mesin pemanen

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate conjunctival microflora and measure normal tear production and intraocular pressure (IOP) in two breeds of hedgehogs (long‐eared hedgehogs and Brandt's hedgehogs). Methods Forty‐eight hedgehogs from two different breeds were chosen for the study. Tear production was measured using the Schirmer tear test (STT) and phenol red thread test (PRTT) in both eyes. IOP was measured using a rebound tonometer. To perform microbiological sampling one drop of tetracaine was instilled in the eyes. Two sterile microswabs were used to collect samples for the microbial and fungal culture. All the microswab samples were transferred in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) to the laboratory for culture. Two MacConkey and two blood agar media plates were employed for each eye. Oneplate of sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) was used for the fungal culture for each eye. Standard biochemical tests were performed to identify the isolated organisms. Results The mean STT and PRTT values were 1.6 ± 0.1 mm/min and 2.4 ± 0.3 mm/15 s in long‐eared hedgehogs and 2.2 ± 0.1 mm/min and 2.5 ± 0.3 mm/15 s in Brandt's hedgehogs, respectively. Mean (SD) Intraocular pressure of right eyes in long‐eared hedgehog and Brandt hedgehog were 19.7 ± 1.4 mmHg and 19.2 ± 2.4 mmHg, respectively. In the left eyes of long‐eared hedgehog and Brandt hedgehog mean (SD) IOP were 19.8 ± 1.5 mmHg and 19.5 ± 2.1 mmHg, respectively. In long‐eared hedgehogs, the most common bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus spp. In Brandt's hedgehogs, 24 out of 48 eyes had Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was the most commonly isolated bacterial species. Conclusions This study established reference intervals for IOP, STT and PRTT in hedgehogs and recognised and compared ocular conjunctival microflora in two breeds of hedgehogs.

Abstract Background Hepatitis B infection seriously threatens global public health, especially in developing nations. Despite several investigations on HBV incidence, the national pooled prevalence remains unknown, particularly in populations at-risk at whom interventions should be primarily aimed. Methods A comprehensive literature search of the following databases: Medline [PubMed], Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. I-squared and Cochran's Q were used to measure the heterogeneity between the studies. Publications that matched the following were included: Primary studies published in Egypt from 2000 to 2022 reported HBV prevalence based on HBsAg. We excluded any studies that were not performed on Egyptians or that were performed on patients suspected of acute viral hepatitis or studies focusing on occult hepatitis or vaccination evaluation studies, or national surveys. Results The systematic review included 68 eligible studies reporting a total of 82 incidences of HBV infection based on hepatitis B surface antigen with a total sample size of 862,037. The pooled national prevalence among studies was estimated to be 3.67% [95% CI; 3: 4.39]. Children under 20 with a history of HBV vaccination during infancy had the lowest prevalence of 0.69%. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women, blood donors, and healthcare workers was 2.95%, 1.8%, and 1.1%, respectively. While patients with hemolytic anemia and hemodialysis patients, patients with malignancies, HCC patients, and chronic liver disease patients had the highest prevalences at 6.34%, 25.5%, 18.6%, and 34%, respectively. Studies reporting HBV prevalence in urban settings compared to rural settings revealed a similar HBV prevalence of 2.43% and 2.15%, respectively. Studies comparing HBV prevalence in males and females revealed a higher prevalence among males (3.75%) than females (2.2%). Conclusion In Egypt, hepatitis B infection is a significant public health issue. The blocking of mother-to-infant hepatitis B transmission, the scaling up of the scope of the existing vaccination program, and implementing new strategies, including screen-and-treat, may reduce the prevalence of the disease.

Abstract Background Prostate biopsy (PB) is the gold standard for verifying the diagnosis of prostate cancer in men with clinical symptoms. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided PB is the most common method for diagnosis; however, it has a few adverse effects. Mild consequences like bleeding and pain are prevalent but temporary. Since the relationship between erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and TRUS-guided PB is inconsistent in the literature, we aimed to conduct a study on these two consequences on males within 1 month following TRUS-guided PB. Methods Patients with a PSA ≥ 4 ml/ng who were determined to undergoTRUS-guided PB were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients' urinary symptoms and erectile function were evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaires the day before and 1 month after PB. Also, using uroflowmetry, the patients' urinary peak flow rate (Qmax) was recorded. SPSS version 18 was used to compare and analyze variables. Results The mean age of the participants was 67.47 ± 9.38 years. Before the PB, the IIEF-5 score was 20.19 ± 7.24, and after the PB, it was 20.25 ± 7.24 (p = 0.865). The Qmax level rose from 7.35 ± 2.15 to 7.74 ± 2 ml/s (p = 0.07). After TRUS-guided PB, the average IPSS score reduced from 11.48 ± 9.93 to 9.88 ± 8.22 which was statistically significant (p

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was $216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with $195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95% CI: −$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was $1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this.

Highlights rCD44v encapsulated by chitosan nanoparticles increases immunological responses. rCD44v increased IgG and IgA titers and some cytokines in the immunized mice. The rCD44v protein has potential features to be used as a vaccine for breast cancer.

AbstractThe aim of the current research is to identify the dimensions and components of marketing of customers in Iran's tourism industry. According to its purpose, the research method is applicable; and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, descriptive and thematic analysis. The statistical population of this research includes 10 specialists, researchers, academic experts and familiar with marketing in the tourism industry. Also, they were selected and interviewed in order to approve the validity of the model. Data analysis was done using MAXQDA 2018 software. According to the analysis that has been carried out using thematic analysis method to determine the dimensions and components of the marketing of Iranian tourism industry customers; 3 dimensions, 8 components, and 41 indicators have been identified and confirmed. Marketing dimensions include service quality dimension, marketing policy dimension and tourism experience dimension; and components including satisfaction with tourism services, infrastructure facilities, tourism costs, macro policies, planning and management, tourist feedback, tourism culture, advertising and marketing. The results showed that all the identified indicators related to the dimensions and components of marketing of Iranian tourism industry customers are effective.Extended AbstractIntroductionToday, tourism is considered one of the most important and effective economic issues and one of the important and prominent communicative, social and cultural factors in the world (Mohammadi & Mirtaghiyan Rudsari, 2019). In the past years, the importance of tourism at the international level, both in terms of the number of tourists and in terms of foreign exchange earnings, has continuously and unprecedentedly been increasing. Service quality has been emphasized as one of the pillars of the competitiveness of service companies in the tourism industry. Therefore, using a method that can be used to measure service quality has always been important (Huong et al, 2017).As one of the leading industries in the world and one of the fastest economic sectors, tourism industry has a strong driving force in social, cultural and economic fields, and the ability to shape and transform many organizations. Among the factors that can improve the development of this industry, there is the use of tools and effective parameters of marketing. Therefore, the need for research on tourism marketing is raised more and more (Shir Shamsi et al, 2020).Therefore, the researcher asked the main question: what are the dimensions and components of marketing for customers in Iran's tourism industry?Theoretical FoundationsTourism refers to the set of trips that are made between the origin and the destination with the motives of rest, entertainment, recreation, sports, sightseeing, business, culture or spending leisure time, and in which the tourist does not have employment or permanent residence at the destination. In general, trips that are made with the above motivations and involve at least one night stay at the destination are called tourism trips (Argha, 2016). The issue of motivations in tourism and the choice of travel today is one of the issues that occupy the minds of researchers in the field of tourism, forcing them to try to learn more and more about these motivations and dreams that make travelers spend their time and money in this way (Hoseinzadeh & Heydari, 2018). Han & Nhung (2022) conducted a study titled "Vietnam tourism satisfaction: comparison with other countries in Southeast Asia". The statistical population was electronic tourists in Vietnam. The results of the research showed that the level of satisfaction with e-tourism in Vietnam was at a higher level than the neighboring countries, and this was due to the improvement of the quality of services provided in this industry. Moon & An (2022) conducted a research titled "Usage and satisfaction motives and their effect on the attitude and satisfaction of e-tourists: a multi-level approach". The results of the research showed that the optimal use of the electronic tourism system had a positive effect on their satisfaction and attitude.Research methodologyThis research is applicable in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of data collection, and thematic analysis in terms of research implementation method. The statistical population of the research is 10 specialists, including experts, researchers, academic experts and familiar with marketing in the tourism industry. Also, they were selected and interviewed in order to fit the validity of the selection model, and using the field method and dimensions' semi-structured interview tools, primary components and indicators will be compiled. After analyzing the interviews, a total of 3 dimensions, 8 components and 41 indicators were identified in line with the research objectives.Research findingsData analysis was done using MAXQDA 2018 software. Based on the obtained results and according to the qualitative analysis, a total of 3 dimensions, 8 components and 41 indicators have been identified and confirmed. The dimension of service quality, the dimension of marketing policy, and the dimension of tourism experiences have been identified. The results showed that, according to the interview regarding the indicators that influence the dimensions and components of the marketing of the customers of the tourism industry of Iran, the extracted components related to the dimensions and components of the marketing of customers of the Iranian tourism industry are effective.ConclusionThe current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the dimensions and components of marketing for the customers of Iran's tourism industry. The results of this research are consistent with the results of Han & Nhung (2022), Moon & An (2022), Cavalcante et al, (2021), Balal (2021), Manavi (2022), and Abkhiz (2021). Sharmin et al, (2021) showed in the research that interaction, trendy trend and electronic word-of-mouth advertising indirectly influence satisfaction through mobile usefulness and ease of use of mobile phone. Also, mobile usefulness and ease of use directly affect satisfaction, and this significantly affects the intention to use these factors for sustainable tourism marketing.According to the obtained results and the identification of the importance of service quality aspects that include satisfaction with tourism services, infrastructure facilities and tourism costs that have the greatest impact, it is suggested that tourist accommodations and organizations consider such things as the physical environment, tourism destination, tourism costs, tourism accommodation facilities, creation of recreational and sports facilities, e-tourism, security, health and hygiene, etc. to create a better and superior feeling among permanent tourism customers, and try in the field of these facilities to improve the quality of their services to customers. According to the results obtained from the marketing policy dimension, which includes attracting domestic investors in the tourism sector, removing of the obstacles to foreign investment in tourism, large investments in tourism, regulation of the tourism industry, regulation of strategies based on the distribution of attractions, provision of trained manpower, determining the standards of the tourism industry, monitoring the good performance of work, etc., to improve these experiences for tourists as much as possible and help to improve tourism.

Abstract Background Various types of cancer therapy strategies have been investigated and successfully applied so far. There are a few modern strategies for improving drug selectivity and biocompatibility, such as nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Herein, we designed the traceable enzyme-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles to target human breast cancer cells by simulating the innate immune cell’s respiratory explosion response. Methods The human immune cell simulated anti-breast cancer-nanorobot (hisABC-NB) was produced by conjugating the mouse-derived iNOS and human-originated MPO enzymes on the folate-linked chitosan-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were functionalized with folic acid as the breast cancer cell detector. Then, the hisABC-NB’s stability and structural properties were characterized by studying Zeta-potential, XRD, FTIR, VSM, FESEM, and DLS analysis. Next, the selectivity and anti-tumor activity of the hisABC-NB were comparatively analyzed on both normal (MCF-10) and cancerous (MCF-7) human breast cells by analyzing the cells’ survival, apoptotic gene expression profile (P53, BAX, BCL2), and flow cytometry data. Finally, the hisABC-NB’s traceability was detected by T2-weighted MRI imaging on the balb-c breast tumor models. Results The hisABC-NB significantly reduced the MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis response and arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase compared with the normal cell type (MCF-10). Moreover, the hisABC-NB exhibited a proper MRI contrast at the tumor region of treated mice compared with the non-treated type, which approved their appropriate MRI-mediated traceability. Conclusion The hisABC-NB’s traceability, dirigibility, and selective cytotoxicity were approved, which are the three main required factors for an efficient anticancer compound. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as an intelligent safe anticancer agent for human breast cancer treatment. However, several in vitro and in vivo studies are required to clarify its selectivity, stability, and safety.

Abstract Aim We intended to elucidate the relationship between mentalizing capacity and affective states by investigating the mediatory role of emotion dysregulation. Methods A sample of nonclinical Iranian adults (N = 445) completed a battery of online self‐report measures comprising the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Mentalization Scale (MentS), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Results Correlational analyses demonstrated that self‐ and other‐related mentalizing were significantly and inversely associated with emotion dysregulation, which in turn was strongly linked with positive and negative affects. Using structural equation modeling, the results delineated emotion dysregulation as a mediator between self‐ and other‐related mentalizing and affective states, predicting higher negative and lower positive affects. However, motivation to mentalize failed to predict positive affects and only contributed to lower negative affects directly. Conclusion Mentalizing capacity was found to be indirectly linked with affective states through emotion dysregulation; hence, along with the previously substantiated association between emotion dysregulation and affective states and the partially established relationship between mentalizing capacity and affective states, we propose mentalizing incapacity to be at fault in the development of affective difficulties.

Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy is a rare form of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The incidence after viral encephalitis is rare in contrast to other variants of GBS. We reported a very rare case of Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy in a 70-year-old man after viral encephalitis, diagnosed by clinical evaluation, Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS).

Abstract Background Pain is a major obstacle and one of the main reasons people seek medical attention and is a frequent stressor for many clients in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, clients should not be left complaining, especially when solutions are available; each patient has the right to assess and manage their pain in the best way possible. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAPs) regarding pain management in Palestinian ICU settings and to determine the possible obstacles that may hinder effective and competent pain management for critically ill clients. Methods This cross-sectional research was conducted online through social media. An approved questionnaire was used to assess KAPs and obstacles in pain treatment approaches for critically ill patients. Bloom’s cutoff points for adequate practice, appropriate knowledge, and a positive attitude were applied. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 was used for analyses. Results One hundred ninety-one nurses were approached, the majority of the participants in this investigation were males (n = 127, 66.5%), and the mean age of the study participant was 29 ± 7 (year). The overall knowledge score was 15, measured for median knowledge = 7 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 4–8, and higher scores indicate more knowledge about the management and control of pain. The total attitude score = 11, the median = 6, with an IQR of 5–7. The reluctance to prescribe opioids was 79.6%, the lack of proficiency in pain management knowledge was 78.5%, and rigorous controls over opioid use were 77.5%, which was the lion's share of commonly recognized hurdles. The overall practice score was 10, with a median of 5.0 with an IQR of 3.0 to 6.0, and nurses revealed that they would evaluate all the steps involved in pain management in each round they have. Conclusions This research reveals a knowledge, attitude, and practice gap among the working nurses. Therefore, adequate and efficient plans must be aimed at ICU nurses to foster the level of knowledge and direct attitudes toward pain control through applicable interventional programs.

Abstract Background Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by disturbing and unwanted thoughts as well as repetitive and time-consuming behaviors that interfere with performance. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) has shown to have beneficial effects on reducing OCD symptoms as the first line of treatment. Moreover, Virtual Reality (VR) has been a more feasible and accessible intervention for OCD in recent years. Regarding the point, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure and response prevention (VRERP) in the treatment of the OCD contamination subtype. Methods A total number of 36 adults with OCD-contamination subtype were registered and randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a 60-min CBT including a “contaminated” virtual environment while the control group received CBT as a standardized treatment. Out of these, 29 patients completed the treatment in 12 weekly sessions. The patients completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44(OBQ-44), and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale-2 (WHODAS-2) at week 0, week 12 and after 3 months follow-up. Results Based on the results of the repeated measure analysis of variances, the total score of obsession and compulsion subscales of Y-BOCS significantly decreased as a primary outcome in the intervention group (F = 60.97, P

One of the main factors causing the decline in the use of Balinese Script is that Balinese people are less interested in reading Balinese Script because of their reluctance to learn Balinese Script, which is relatively complicated in the recognition process. The development of computer technology has now been used to help by performing character recognition or known as Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Developing the OCR application for Balinese Script is an effort to help preserve, from the technology side, as a means of education related to Balinese Script. In this study, that development was conducted by using a Tesseract OCR engine that consists of several stages, i.e., the first one is to prepare the dataset, the second one is to generate the dataset using the Web Scraping method, the third one is to train the OCR engine using the generated dataset, and finally, the fourth one is to implement the generated language model into a mobile-based application. The study results prove that the dataset generation process using the Web Scraping method can be a better choice when faced with a training dataset that requires a large dataset compared to several previous studies of non-Latin character recognition. In those studies, the jTessBox tools were used, which took time because they had to select per character for a dataset. The best result of the language model is a combination of character, word, sentence, and paragraph datasets (hierarchical combination of character, word, sentence, and paragraph datasets) with a coincidence rate of 66.67%. The more diverse and structured hierarchical datasets used, the higher the coincidence rate.

Shame is a self-conscious emotion that can be named psychological pain. The consensus is that shame has adaptive and maladaptive aspects. In other words, although shame warns individuals about the loss of their social position, its experience could lead to different types of psychopathology, namely personality pathology. The aim of the current study was (1) to explore the theoretical perspectives about the association between shame and personality disorders and (2) to investigate the congruency of empirical findings with the aforesaid theories. By conducting a narrative review of the most significant references existing in the literature, we found that most of the theories and studies were about cluster B personality disorders (and in particular, about borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders). Shame plays a distinct role in the development and maintenance of the above-said personality disorders. The most notable difference is related to the level of consciousness in which shame is processed. Moreover, particularly in the relationship between shame, grandiose narcissism, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder, inconsistencies among theories and empirical findings were observed. Experiencing shame could have enduring impacts on individuals' mental health. When shame is internalized, it may lead to the development of personality disorders in different ways and patterns.

Abstract In recent years, coreless axial‐flux permanent‐magnet (AFPM) machines have been gaining attention. Being coreless, these machines do not experience eddy current (hence hysteresis losses) and has lower cogging torque leading to higher efficiency. However, limitations such as high leakage flux and weak mechanical structure impede its wide application. The results of a systematic review on coreless AFPM machine research is presented, wherein a total of 123 studies have been selected through the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. About 55% of the articles have been published between 2017 and 2021, indicating recent attention of the researchers on coreless AFPM machines. More than 70% (87 out of 123) of the records have been published by IEEE, which proves the quality and acceptance of the studies. In two‐thirds (77 out of 123) of the studies, single‐stator double‐rotor has been adopted as the machine topology, and in 71.8% (84 out of 123) cases, trapezoidal shape magnets have been used in conventional array. The key research areas on coreless AFPM identified through this review are to produce an efficient design for multiphase and multi‐stage topology and develop lightweight rotor and stator structures.

Saleha Azeem,1 Biah Mustafa,1 Aman Salaam Ahmad,2 Sumara Rashid,3 Minaam Farooq,1 Tariq Rasheed4 1School of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan; 2School of Medicine, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan; 3Department of Dermatology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; 4Department of Orthopedics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudia ArabiaCorrespondence: Saleha Azeem, Medical Student, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan, Tel +92 333 4337919, Email salehazeem03@gmail.comPurpose: A popular genre of television shows is medical dramas. Although the primary objective of watching these shows is entertainment, acquiring medical knowledge is a passive by-product. Surgical procedures constitute a large part of the storyline of these shows. This could either serve as a source of medical knowledge or provide false information, the effect being especially important in individuals with no prior medical exposure. This study assesses the impact medical TV shows can have on the surgical knowledge of non-healthcare students and the difference in knowledge between different demographic groups (among those with relatives in the medical community and those without).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the non-healthcare students of Lahore, Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire was used containing socio-demographic factors (age, gender, educational discipline), history, and hours of medical TV shows watched. It also contained ten questions each with a score of 1 to assess surgical knowledge. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.26.Results: Among the 1097 respondents, 450 (41%) had a history of watching medical TV shows. The majority, 319 (29.1%), had seen these shows for < 24 hours. The mean score of all respondents was 5.79 out of a maximum score of 10. Respondents with a history of watching medical TV shows were more knowledgeable than those who did not (p < 0.001). Similarly, respondents with a history of watching more hours of medical TV shows were more knowledgeable than those who watched for a lesser number of hours (p < 0.001). Respondents with relatives in the healthcare profession were also more knowledgeable than those without (p = 0.049).Conclusion: If properly developed, while maintaining their primary entertainment value, medical TV shows can also be used as efficient learning tools. Quality controls must also be applied to minimize the risk of false information.Keywords: medical television, knowledge, non-healthcare students, medical education

Prediksi adalah pemikiran terhadap besaran, misalnya permintaan terhadap satu atau beberapa produk pada periode yang akan datang. Pada hakikatnya prediksi hanya merupakan suatu perkiraan (guess), tetapi dengan menggunakan teknik-teknik tertentu, maka prediksi menjadi lebih sekedar perkiraan. Prediksi dapat dikatakan perkiraan yang ilmiah (educated guess).Metode least squares merupakan suatu metode analisis yang ditujukan untuk melakukan suatu estimasi atau prediksi pada masa yang akan datang. Penggunaan metode least squares yang paling menentukan adalah kualitas atau keakuratan dari informasi atau data-data yang diperoleh serta waktu atau periode dari data-data tersebut dikumpulkan dalam hal ini adalah pasang surut air laut. Tujuan yaitu membuat sistem prediksi pasang surut air laut pada Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Tanjung Emas Semarang dengan menggunakan metode least squares yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi pasang surut air laut pada Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Tanjung Emas Semarang,tujuan penelitian ini untuk membantu nelayan mengetahui ketinggian air laut.Hasil pengujian prediksi pasang surut air laut Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Tanjung Emas Semarang dengan menggunakan Mean Absolute Error (MAE) terdapat kesalahan error sebesar 7,19 lebih rendah dari rata-rata data pasang surut air laut Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Tanjung Emas yaitu 119,06 sehingga sistem ini bisa dijadikan referensi untuk melakukan prediksi pasang surut air laut Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Tanjung Emas.

Background and purpose: Parenting styles predict early maladaptive schemas. The aim of this study was Persian adaptation and standardization of the Young Parenting Inventory-Revised (YPI-R2) among students in Tarbiat Modares University, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, and Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Tehran. Materials and methods: The statistical population in this psychometric study included all university students studying in Tehran, 2020-2021 academic year. The samples were 240 people selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Young Parenting Inventory- Revised (YPI-R2), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (RPWBS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS V24 and Liserl-8 applying descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the six-factor structure of this scale, including competitiveness and status seeking, degradation and rejection, emotional inhibition and deprivation, overprotection, punitiveness, and controlling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient based on mothers' scores for the whole scale were 0.93 and 0.90, respectively, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient based on fathers' scores for the whole scale were 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. The YPI-R2 was found to have a positive and significant correlation with the components of the DASS-21(P

Urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated approach and action in the form of providing a strategic, integrated and flexible framework for developing and solving urban problems. Meanwhile, one of the ongoing problems of human settlements is biological hazards and epidemics such as malaria, influenza and coronavirus (Covid virus 19) that pose many challenges to different parts of the world, especially cities has constructed in various economic, social, psychological, environmental and other dimensions. Therefore, there is a need for a framework for planning and regenerating approaches to future cities in order to deal with such risks. For this purpose, the present study has been written with the aim of developing applied knowledge in order to develop a framework and model for sustainable urban regeneration of Tabriz in the post-Corona era. Therefore, the research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-developmental nature in order to analyze the information using the structural equation modeling technique in Amos software. The statistical population of the present study also includes managers, officials and experts on urban issues as well as academic elites. Due to the uncertainty of the statistical population, Cohen's formula at 95% confidence level was used to determine the sample size and the statistical sample size was estimated at 200 people. Findings indicate that the greatest impact on the realization of sustainable urban regeneration of Tabriz in the post-corona era is related to management factors and variables, urban development plans, socio-economic, transportation and urban design with a value of 0.79, 0.66, 0.61, 0.54 and 0.42, respectively. Also, the results show that in the management dimension, there is coordination between the centers for making key and basic decisions, in the dimension of urban development plans, targeted recognition of issues and flexibility in programs with a future research approach, in the dimension of urban design, allocating more space to pedestrian areas, cycling and green spaces, in terms of transportation, emphasis on green transportation and in the socio-economic dimension, diversity in the economic structure of the city is basic principles of Tabriz metropolis regeneration plans in order to achieve sustainability in the post-corona era.

This research, which examines transgender and khuntsa in contemporary fiqh and medic, is inspired by the news on Aprilio Manganang and Amar Alfikar, who changed their gender due to medical and psychological problems. Aprilio was diagnosed with hypospadias, while Amar suffered from gender dysphoria. In classical fiqh literature, the concept of khuntsa is identified from a physical point of view only, which is generally categorized into khuntsa ghairu musykil if the person's gender can still be known and khuntsa musykil if the genitals cannot be ascertained after a medical research process. The purpose of this study is to determine the fiqh review of the transgender cases of Aprilio Manganang and Amar Alfikar. Using the library research method, this study finds that Aprilio is considered a khuntsa ghairu musykil because of hormonal and physical tendencies to men. While Amar, although born with female genital, gender dysphoria makes her feel that she is in an inappropriate body, thus causing self-harming. In the perspective of contemporary fiqh with psychological approach, the problem experienced by Amar require scholars to review the definition of khuntsa. The criteria of khuntsa musykil can be expanded by considering psychological disorders that arise from internal issues, not due to external influences. Penelitian yang mengkaji tentang transgender dan khuntsa dalam sudut pandang medis dan fikih kontemporer ini diilhami dari pemberitaan mengenai Aprilio Manganang dan Amar Alfikar, yang melakukan perubahan jenis kelamin dengan sebab masalah medis dan psikologis. Aprilio didiagnosa mengalami hipospadia berat, sementara Amar menderita gender dysphoria. Dalam literatur fikih klasik, konsep khuntsa acap kali hanya dilihat dan diidentifikasi dari segi fisik untuk ditentukan jenis kelaminnya, yang secara umum dikategorikan menjadi khuntsa ghairu musykil jika orang tersebut masih bisa diketahui kelaminnya dan khuntsa musykil bila setelah proses penelitian medis tidak dapat diketahui kepastian genitalnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tinjauan fikih terhadap kasus transgender Aprilio Manganang dan Amar Alfikar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah library research dengan kajian literatur. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Aprilio termasuk khuntsa ghairu musykil karena kecenderungan hormonal maupun penanda fisik yang terlihat mengarah jelas kepada laki-laki. Sementara Amar, meskipun terlahir dengan alat kelamin perempuan, secara psikis gender dysphoria membuatnya merasa berada dalam tubuh yang tidak sesuai, sehingga menyebabkan self-harming. Dalam sudut pandang fiqih kontemporer dengan pendekatan psikologis, persoalan yang dialami Amar secara moral mengharuskan ulama untuk meninjau kembali definisi khuntsa. Khuntsa musykil dapat diperluas cakupannya dengan memper­timbang­­kan kelainan-kelainan psikologis yang muncul dari internal diri seseorang, bukan akibat pengaruh eksternal.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) syndrome is characterized by bleeding into the alveolar spaces of the lungs and occurs when there is an injury to the alveolar microcirculation that leads to hemorrhage from the alveolar capillaries. We report a case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with acute respiratory distress. The patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and was on amiodarone for atrial fibrillation therapy. Initial diagnostic workup, including bronchoscopy and imaging studies, revealed diffuse opacities and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid consistent with DAH. The patient required aggressive management with supportive care and corticosteroids. Laboratory work showed a synergistic effect between amiodarone and RA in inducing DAH. This makes the report unique as no reports in the literature described a synergic effect of amiodarone and RA in inducing DAH. The primary objective of this report is to guide physicians and remind them to keep DAH at the top of their differential diagnosis in the setting of an RA patient taking amiodarone.

Abstract Introduction Mentalizing incapacity is increasingly identified as a common factor in psychopathology. The Mentalization Scale (MentS) is a cost‐effective measure built upon the dimensional model of mentalizing. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of MentS. Methods Two samples of community‐based adults (N1 = 450, N2 = 445) completed different batteries of self‐report measures. In addition to MentS, participants completed measures of reflective functioning and attachment insecurities in the first sample and a measure of emotion dysregulation in the second sample. Results Due to the conflicting results of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, an item‐parceling approach was applied, which replicated the original three‐factor structure of MentS, yielding Self‐Related Mentalization, Other‐Related Mentalization, and Motivation to Mentalize. The reliability and convergent validity of MentS were supported in both samples. Conclusion Our findings provided preliminary evidence for using the Iranian version of MentS in nonclinical populations as a reliable and valid measure.

Abstract Land Deed Official has the authority to make the deed relating to land based on Article 1 Paragraph (1) of government regulation of the Republic of Indonesia number 24 of 2016. Land Deed Official should apply the precautionary principle as has been said in the oath of office. In practice, there are many legal problems of Land Deed Official deeds caused by client dishonesty related to the correctness of administrative conditions that cause losses for others. The purpose of this study is to determine the form of accountability for the Land Deed Official top of his negligence in making the deed of sale of land based on false information. This research using the method of juridical normative. The result of this research is if it is proved the deed of sale of land made by Land Deed Official based on false information can be categorized as a violation of the restrictions or obligations which are listed in Appendix II of Regulation of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/head of the National Land Agency Number 2 of 2018 and Land Deed Official can be held administratively liable, namely dismissed with disrespect under Article 13 regulation of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/head of the National Land Agency Number 2 of 2018. If based on a court ruling that has permanent legal force (inkracht), the deed made should have the perfect legal force into a deed under the hands then Land Deed Official can be civilly responsible in the form of reimbursement, compensation and interest if the deed causes harm to one of the parties and Land Deed Official may also be subject to criminal liability if it is proved by intentionally or knowingly cooperate with the client to make the deed of sale of land based on false information. Keywords: accountability; false information; land deed official Abstrak Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) mempunyai kewenangan membuat akta yang berkaitan dengan pertanahan berdasarkan Pasal 1 ayat (1) PP No. 24/2016. Dalam menjalankan jabatannya, PPAT harus menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian sebagaimana yang telah diucapkannya pada sumpah jabatan. Pada praktiknya, terdapat banyak permasalahan hukum akta PPAT yang disebabkan adanya ketidakjujuran klien terkait kebenaran syarat administrasi yang menyebabkan kerugian bagi pihak lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bentuk pertanggungjawaban bagi PPAT atas kelalaiannya dalam membuat akta jual beli tanah berdasarkan keterangan palsu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah jika terbukti akta jual beli tanah yang dibuat oleh PPAT berdasarkan keterangan palsu dapat dikategorikan sebagai pelanggaran berat terhadap larangan atau kewajiban yang tercantum dalam Lampiran II Permen ATR/BPN No. 2/2018 dan PPAT tersebut dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban secara administrasi yakni diberhentikan dengan tidak hormat berdasarkan pasal 13 Permen ATR/BPN No. 2/2018. Jika berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap (inkracht), akta yang dibuat seharusnya memiliki kekuatan hukum yang sempurna menjadi akta dibawah tangan maka PPAT dapat bertanggung jawab secara perdata dalam bentuk penggantian biaya, ganti rugi dan bunga apabila akta tersebut menimbulkan kerugian bagi salah satu pihak dan PPAT dapat pula dikenai pertanggungjawaban pidana jika terbukti dengan sengaja atau disadari bekerja sama dengan klien untuk membuat akta jual beli tanah berdasarkan keterangan palsu. Kata kunci: keterangan palsu; pertanggungjawaban; PPAT

Kisspeptin is a key component of reproduction that can directly affect food intake in mammals. There is evidence suggesting that melanocortin, GABA, corticotrophin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), have a mediatory role in reward; however, how these substances interact with kisspeptin-induced by food intake in birds, remains to be identified. Accordingly, in this study, a total of 10 experiments were carried out to investigate the interplay between kisspeptin and these systems for the control of food intake in neonatal layer-type chickens. In the first experiment, chickens were intracerebroventricular (ICV) injected with saline and Metastin (Kisspeptin, 0.25, 50, and 1 nmol). In the second experiment, saline, Metastin (1 nmol), BIBP-3226 (NPY1 receptor antagonist, 1.25 nmol), and co-injection of Metastin + BIBP-3226 were injected. Experiments 3-10 were similar to experiment 1, except that chickens received BIIE 0246 (NPY2 receptor antagonist, 1.25 nmol), CGP71683A (NPY5 receptor antagonist, 50 μg), Picrotoxin (GABAA receptor antagonist, 1.25 nmol), CGP54626 (GABAB receptor antagonist, 21 µg), astressin-B (CRF1 / CRF2 receptor antagonist, 30 µg), Astressin2-B (CRF2 receptor antagonist, 30 µg), SHU9119 (MC3 / MC4 receptor antagonist, 0.5 nmol), and MCL0020 (MC3 / MC4 receptor antagonist, 0.5 nmol) instead of BIBP-3226. Food intake was subsequently assessed until 120 min after the injection. Based on the findings, Metastin (0.25, 50, and 1 nmol) significantly increased food intake in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). However, BIBP-3226 and Picrotoxin inhibited Metastin-induced hyperphagia in neonatal chickens (p < 0.05); Whereas, whereas BIIE 0246, CGP71683A, CGP54626, astressin-B, astressin2-B, SHU9119, and MCL0020 had no effect (p > 0.05). These results showed that the effect of kisspeptin on food intake might be mediated by NPY1 and GABAA receptors in layer-type chickens.

English language teaching (ELT) in Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, commonly known as "pesantren," presents a unique context that requires a tailored pedagogical approach. This study aimed to explore the application of context-responsive pedagogy in ELT within the unique context of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. This qualitative study employed semistructured interviews and classroom observation as data generation methods to gain insights into the experiences and perspectives of English language teachers regarding the implementation of context-responsive pedagogy in English language instruction. The findings revealed the importance of understanding learner needs, incorporating authentic materials, promoting cultural sensitivity, and effective use of technology in ELT practices in Islamic boarding school contexts. This study delves into how English language teachers navigated and negotiated their practices with the sociocultural and religious values entrenched in this institution. It also highlighted the challenges English language teachers in this school context faced in the implementation of context-responsive pedagogy. Eventually, this research provides valuable insights for ELT practitioners, policymakers, and researchers interested in incorporating context-specific pedagogy to optimize ELT in Islamic boarding schools and similar educational contexts.

This scoping review investigates instructional strategies implemented in recent studies to enhance the digital application usage experience for the elderly, addressing emerging issues in the context of a rapidly aging global population. With the World Health Organization predicting a significant increase in the proportion of individuals aged 60 years and above by 2030, the imperative for digital literacy among the elderly becomes crucial. The review, drawing from 14 eligible articles sourced from Web of Science and Scopus, categorizes findings into two main themes: i) intergenerational strategies of instruction and ii) contemporary issues associated with intergenerational approaches. By exploring these dimensions, the paper provides valuable insights for researchers seeking to understand and tackle current challenges in instructing the elderly on digital applications, contributing to the ongoing discourse on improving the quality of life for the aging population through digital technology.

The aim of this study is to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) learning at the elementary school level in Makassar. This study employed a mixed methods approach, specifically the QUANqual type of explanatory sequential design. The survey method was used to collect and analyze quantitative data, while interviews and documentation methods were used for qualitative non-numerical data. The respondents consisted of elementary school teachers in Makassar who were selected using simple random sampling. The results showed that using SWOT analysis and internal strategic factors analysis summary-external strategic factors analysis summary (IFAS-EFAS) calculations, the strengths-opportunities (SO) strategy has the highest score of 4.27. In addition, the weaknesses-opportunities (WO), strengths-threats (ST), and weaknesses-threats (WT) strategies received consecutive scores of 3.25, 2.71, and 1.69, respectively. It suggests that STEAM learning in Makassar is in a growth stage due to its strengths and opportunities that support the development of STEAM education in the city.

This paper discusses the design of interactive gamified assessments for an introductory programming course based on the multimedia segmenting principle and gamification. The objective is to develop more engaging online programming assessments for low-achieving students. The general design follows Nielsen's design guidelines and incorporates Zaharias' usability evaluation framework with the motivation to learn. The methodology employed the Successive Approximation Model Version 2 (SAM2), comprising two key phases: preparation and iterative design. In the initial phase, a comparative analysis was performed to determine the design principles. The iterative design phase encompassed the application's design via storyboards, the development of the high-fidelity prototype, and users' reviews. A qualitative approach was adopted, involving a user-centred design (UCD) session through focus group discussions with 12 first-year students from the Diploma of Computer Science program, all of whom were low achievers in programming. The participants need to review and rate the prototype based on the scales of the usability recommendations, which are visual design, content design, navigation, interaction, gamification design, and multimedia design. The results from the UCD session revealed that all participants agreed with the usability recommendations integrated into the interactive gamified programming assessments, with the highest mean score of 5.00.

Background There is an ongoing controversy surrounding whether tofacitinib increases the risk of infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis using data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to assess the overall risk of infection in these patients. Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic search in EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL from their inception until December 2022 to identify relevant RCTs reporting the occurrence of infections in patients with RA who were treated with the standard clinical therapeutic dosage of tofacitinib (5mg twice daily orally). The primary outcomes of the included studies in this review focused on the incidence of total infections, serious infections, non-serious infections, and opportunistic infections (including herpes zoster and tuberculosis). Additionally, we examined secondary outcomes related to the incidence of various sites of infections, including the upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, blood, dental and oral soft tissue, genital, reproductive tract, bone and joint, and central nervous system infections. Due to the expected anticipation of clinical and methodological heterogeneity across studies, the effect estimate was pooled with a random-effects model, to obtain the RRs and 95% CIs, using Mantel-Haenszel statistical method. Results Twelve eligible RCTs, involving a total of 6,056 patients, were included in the analysis. In comparison to the control group (placebo and other active treatments), tofacitinib exhibited a significant increase in the risk of total infections (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07-1.37; I2, 28%), serious infections (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.48; I2, 0%), non-serious infections (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05-1.36; I2, 29%), and opportunistic infections (RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.40-1.97; I2, 0%). Secondary outcomes analyses revealed a significant increase in the risk of lower respiratory infections with tofacitinib (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.10–1.47; I2, 0%). Conclusion Compared with placebo and other active treatments, tofacitinib significantly increased the overall risk of infections (total infections, serious infections, non-serious infections, and opportunistic infections). These findings can help clinicians assess the risk of infections in RA patients treated with tofacitinib.