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This paper tested why people differ with regard to whether they believe it is possible to find enduring love. Variations were assumed to be due to differences in people’s experiences. Those who experienced dysfunction in their family of origin and who did not have positive relationships role-modelled to them were expected to be less likely to have positive lay beliefs about romantic relationships. Positive lay beliefs, in turn, were hypothesised to impact on dysfunction in own romantic relationships later on in life, which were in turn expected to affect relationship satisfaction. In other words, positive lay beliefs were tested as one potential mechanism through which family dysfunction whilst growing up impacts on relationship dysfunction in later adult life. This paper presents a pilot study (N = 176) which introduces a measure for ‘positive lay beliefs about romantic relationships’, and finds this measure to be associated, as expected, with dysfunction in the family of origin. The main study (N = 435) then tested the full hypothesised model (family-of-origin dysfunction → positive lay beliefs → romantic relationship dysfunction → relationship satisfaction) with structural equation modelling, and found that the model fitted the data very well, confirming the hypotheses. It was concluded that lay beliefs about whether or not it is possible to find enduring love are an important mediator of the effects of family-of-origin dysfunction on later romantic relationship satisfaction.

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a common disorder and almost every clinician in almost every sub-specialty of medicine will knowingly or unwittingly treat boys or men with a 47,XXY chromosomal constitution. Although there are numerous aspects of KS worthy of discussion, this contribution will focus specifically on the controversial, and as yet unresolved, issue of whether it is advantageous to harvest testis tissue from peri-pubertal or adolescent boys with KS in a heroic effort to preserve that child's chances of reproduction in his future adult life. What would be the rationale for that, how does the biology of spermatogenesis in the Klinefelter testis impact that decision, and what does the data show? The answer, assembled from a selection of seemingly disparate sources and directions, appears to be "No". We do not have to advocate for an aggressive approach, we do not have to preemptively preserve future fertility. We can justifiably wait until adulthood with equivalent chances of success.

espanolEste articulo explica como el sentido de nosotros mismos esta conformado en las capas mas profundas de nuestro cuerpo y cerebro subcortical y como luego influencia y colorea nuestra vida emocional consciente. Muestra como la vida consciente se asienta en los sistemas emocionales primarios con los que todos los mamiferos vienen equipados. Propone como una psicoterapia esencial debe alcanzar los estratos mas profundos de nuestra psique en orden a promover un proceso de transformacion y consolidacion de una nueva narrativa y sentido del self. Se propone un modelo para desarrollar la habilidad de una escucha selectiva en el terapeuta que cree un sentido de ser limbicamente visto y organizar el encuadre para reprocesar la experiencia traumatica. Finalmente, se ilustra el proceso con un estrato de una sesion de terapia en el cual el terapeuta ayuda al paciente a acceder a su historia dolorosa organizada en su vida temprana, historia que estuvo impregnando y organizando la vida adulta consciente. EnglishThis article explains how the sense of ourselves is shaped in the deeper layers of our subcortical brain and body, then later coloring our emotional and conscious life. It shows how our conscious life sits on primary emotional systems with which all mammals are equipped. It proposes how an essential psychotherapy should reach the deepest stratum of our psyche in order to promote a process of transformation and consolidation in a new personal narrative and sense of self. It exposes a model to develop the skills for selective listening in the therapist to create a sense of being limbically seen and to organize the frame for the reprocessing of traumatic experience. At the end, it illustrates this process with an excerpt of a psychotherapy session in which the therapist helps the patient to access her own painful history organized on her early life; this history was permeating and organizing the conscious and adult life.

A Bochdalek hernia is the most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). It can rarely evade prenatal detection and persist into adulthood with minimal symptoms. Large CDH repair has often required an open approach in the past. In this article, we present a case of a patient with large CDH who was asymptomatic until later in her adult life who subsequently developed symptoms and sought a surgical evaluation. A minimally invasive transabdominal approach was used to effectively reduce and repair this rare giant hernia. The patient has remained free of recurrence and has had resolution of her symptoms after 18 months of follow-up. This case illustrates that even the largest of these can be handled in a minimally invasive fashion and achieve durable results.

The intent of this review is to critically consider the data that support the concept of programming and its implications. Birth weight and growth trajectories during childhood are associated with cardiometabolic disease in adult life. Both extremes, low and high birth weight coupled with postnatal growth increase the early presence of cardiometabolic risk factors and vascular imprinting, crucial elements of this framework. Data coming from epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiota added relevant information and contribute to better understanding of mechanisms as well as development of biomarkers helping to move forward to take actions. Research has reached a stage in which sufficiently robust data calls for new initiatives focused on early life. Prevention starting early in life is likely to have a very large impact on reducing disease incidence and its associated effects at the personal, economic, and social levels.

Background: Adolescence is a time of rapid transition and complex experiences with society, defining the capacity of a person to reach adult life. Diet plays a crucial role in overall development of the child precisely female child as they will become the future mothers. The study objective is to assess the dietary pattern of the school adolescents in various region of the district. Methods: 869 school going adolescents 10-18 years from 20 schools in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala participated in this study and was distributed a questionnaire exploring the dietary habits using food frequency questionnaire along with socio demographic details. Result: Altogether, penurious diet patterns were observed, 64.6% were habituated to skip one meal in a day, 86.7% consumed junk food, 35.5% adolescents skipping breakfast, consumption of Green leafy vegetables was diminished, nearly two third of adolescents did not consumed any fruit once in a day. Most of the respondents depended on rice with one or two vegetables. Conclusion: Lack of variety food intake in adolescents may vary due to numerous factors like availability, socio-economic status, parent education, accessibility .Dietary diversity score and dietary assessment needs to be calculated and there is a need of in depth study of nutrient consumption. How to cite this article:George L, Sabitha N, Rehman R. Dietary Behaviours among Adolescent Girls in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med 2020; 6(3): 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202011

Background. In the group of school-aged children nutritional education (NE) enables an early development of healthy eating habits, which can be transferred to the adult life. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the long-term effect of a one-time nutritional education, including also culinary workshops, on the level of nutritional knowledge (NK) of early school-aged children as well as to analyse the nutritional content of the children’s books. Material and methods. The study was conducted among second- and third-grade pupils from a primary school in Warsaw (n=76). The level of NK was determined using the same, self-administrated questionnaire at each of the three stages of the study. Results. The level of NK was assumed as very good in 47% of respondents before the education, in 91% immediately after the education, and in 74% six months after it. Out of all 23.0 points (max.) on average 18.1 points were obtained at the first stage, 21.1 points at the second stage and 19.7 points at the third stage (p

As condições ambientais de nosso planeta vêm se degradando rapidamente, muito em virtude das grandes quantidades de resíduos gerados ao redor do mundo. O Brasil é o 4º maior gerador de resíduos, e, somando-se a isso sua baixa taxa de reciclagem (1,28%), percebe-se que a abordagem da educação ambiental nas escolas é cada vez mais urgente. É essencial que essa temática seja trabalhada desde a infância, utilizando abordagens que sejam capazes de atrair os jovens, gerando engajamento e participação. Neste contexto, o uso de metodologias ativas aliadas a abordagens que promovam a criatividade surge como uma alternativa com potenciais benefícios. O presente trabalho trata-se de um relato de experiência a respeito de um projeto de extensão realizado junto a estudantes de 3º a 5º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do município de XXXXX/RS, que teve como objetivo trabalhar a educação ambiental através de atividades que incentivem a criatividade. Foram realizados 8 encontros nos quais era realizado um debate sobre temas relacionados aos 3 R’s (Reduzir, Reutilizar e Reciclar), seguido de uma atividade dinâmica e uma conversa final sobre o tema trabalhado. Notou-se grande engajamento dos estudantes nas atividades realizadas, além de se perceber que estes construíram reflexões muito positivas acerca das temáticas trabalhadas. Junto à educação ambiental, a criatividade foi incentivada e desenvolvida, fato muito positivo, pois sabe-se que ela é muito importante na vida adulta, tanto no âmbito pessoal como profissional. Por fim, pode-se afirmar que os objetivos foram alcançados e que projetos de extensão como este, que trabalham assuntos diversos de forma interdisciplinar, podem ser aplicados com sucesso em diversos temas relacionados à educação ambiental.

espanolEste articulo presenta un modelo interpretativo sobre las tendencias de cambio observadas en las transiciones a la vida adulta de los jovenes espanoles durante el periodo 2007-2015 desde la perspectiva analitica e interpretativa del curso de la vida. Para tal fin se han utilizado los datos de la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida (2007-2015) por cohortes de edad desde los 17 a los 34 anos, con el objetivo de poder combinar diferentes situaciones transicionales para cada cohorte definida, y analizar asi la complejidad y heterogeneidad de las mismas a partir del analisis de entropia y desde una perspectiva de genero. Los resultados apuntan a que, a pesar de los efectos de la crisis, la estructura de las transiciones se ha mantenido relativamente estable durante el periodo considerado, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la salida del hogar familiar y a la formacion de la pareja. Otro resultado destacado es que las transiciones de las mujeres jovenes se han complejizado y desestandarizado mas que las masculinas, advirtiendose una relativa reduccion de las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres durante el periodo de crisis. EnglishThis article presents an interpretive model of the change patterns observed in the transitions to adult life for young people in Spain during the period 2007-2015 from the analytical and interpretative perspective of the course of life. For this purpose, data from the Living Conditions Survey (2007-2015) were used for age cohorts from 17 to 34 years old, in order to be able to combine different transitional situations for each defined cohort and to therefore analyze the complexity and heterogeneity of these from the analysis of entropy and from a gender perspective. The results suggest that, despite the effects of the crisis, the structure of transitions has remained relatively stable during the period considered, especially in terms of leaving the family home and the formation of the couple. Another important result is that the transitions for young women have become more complex and de-standardized than male ones, noting a relative reduction in the differences between men and women during the crisis period.

Obesity is common among children and young people, with potential for significant clinical consequences. The physical and psychological comorbidities associated with childhood obesity persist into adult life, but many children do not have access to tailored obesity services. We present a framework for the identification, assessment and management of childhood obesity by the non-specialist. We also offer strategies to initiate discussions about weight and to communicate effectively with patients living with obesity.

Amphibious fishes and salamanders are valuable functional analogs for vertebrates that spanned the water-to-land transition. However, investigations of walking mechanics have focused on terrestrial salamanders and, thus, may better reflect the capabilities of stem tetrapods that were already terrestrial. The earliest tetrapods were aquatic, so salamanders that are not primarily terrestrial may yield more appropriate data for modelling the incipient stages of terrestrial locomotion. In the present study, locomotor biomechanics were quantified from semi-aquaticPleurodeles waltl, a salamander that spends most of its adult life in water, and then compared to a primarily terrestrial salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) and semi-aquatic fish (Periophthalmus barbarus) to evaluate whether walking mechanics show greater similarity between species with ecological versus phylogenetic similarities. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) from individual limbs or fins indicated that the pectoral appendages of each taxon had distinct patterns of force production, but hind limb forces were comparable between the salamanders. The rate of force development (‘yank’) was sometimes slower inP. waltlbut generally comparable between the three species. Finally, medial inclination of the GRF inP. waltlwas intermediate between semi-aquatic fish and terrestrial salamanders, potentially elevating bone stresses among more aquatic taxa as they move on land. These data provide a framework for modelling stem tetrapods using an earlier stage of quadrupedal locomotion that was powered primarily by the hind limbs (i.e., “rear-wheel drive”), and reveal mechanisms for appendages to generate propulsion in three locomotor strategies that are presumed to have occurred across the water-to-land transition in vertebrate evolution.Summary statementSemi-aquatic salamanders had limb mechanics that were intermediate in magnitude yet steadier than the appendages of terrestrial salamanders and semi-aquatic fish, providing a framework to model semi-aquatic early tetrapods.

Background The young face presents a convex and rounded aspect; with aging, this changes to a more concave and flattened aspect, with the angles of the face undergoing changes through soft tissue repositioning and bone remodeling. The columellar-labial angle is one of the features that change. Objectives The objective of the present study was to analyze the columellar-labial angle at different stages of adult life and assess its contribution to facial changes during aging. Methods We analyzed a database (December 2017-March 2018) of 722 female patients, aged 21 to 88 years, and obtained anthropometric measurements of the columellar-labial angle with a Canfield Vectra 3D image analysis system. Our database originates from a private clinic where all patients were registered and photographed. Results Our analysis showed a decrease in the columellar-labial angle, mainly observed from patients aged 60 years and older. This decrease can be explained by the absorption of body structures that occurs during aging. Conclusions The columellar-labial angle decreases with age, and this finding may provide a better understanding of the transformation that occurs with aging. Obtaining a clearer view of the changes that occur in the face will improve treatments for facial rejuvenation, either conservative or surgical, and provide a basis for future studies and knowledge expansion. Level of Evidence: 4

In general, learning media is a tool for teaching and learning processes or anything that can be used to stimulate students ' minds, feelings, attention and skills so that they can encourage the learning process. Integrative thematic learning is learning that integrates multiple topics into a theme. This integrative thematic learning provides students with direct experience, and requires students to be more involved in providing comprehensive learning and not being separated.This integrative thematic learning also involves the inculcation of spiritual values and social values which are taught together with the provision of general learning materials.It is very important to use and apply the learning media in integrative thematic learning in elementary schools.This is also focused on the age of children who are still in elementary school and, of course, learning will be of great interest for them when using media that can stimulate and motivatethem to learn. By using appropriate learning media, teachers and students are expected to be able to achieve the planned objectives. Especially students are expected to gain meaningful experience in the spiritual, social, knowledge and skills domains. Thus, learning in schools, particularly at the elementary level can be a foundation for students when they go through adult life so that they become successful humans when they grow up

Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (CSMID) face challenges in the transition from childhood to adult life after graduation, including changing health conditions caused by the ...

Nutrition in infancy provides an important window of opportunity to shape good health during childhood and adult life. The objective of this manuscript is to provide an introduction to the review articles that bring together the proceedings of the XI Nestlé Nutrition Conference “Complementary Feeding: A Piece of the Puzzle to Understand Future Health”. The studies and description of complementary feeding practices in Mexico, from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT 2012), support the urgent need for strong policy actions to promote healthy eating and appropriate complementary feeding practices. Early interventions considering a life course approach and maternal and child nutrition are essential to prevent obesity, chronic disease and to ensure better health for the Mexican population.

Various aspects of early adolescence can have a key impact on adult life satisfaction. This study applied a growth mixture model to examine the trajectories of early adolescents’ life satisfaction and test the effects of individual (sex, subjective achievement, and self-esteem) and social factors (school adjustment and peer attachment) thereon. For this purpose, a growth mixture model was used on the fifth- (grade five), sixth- (grade six), and seventh- (grade seven) year panel data of 1917 grade one students from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (2010–2016, National Youth Policy Institute), excluding missing samples. Participants were 990 boys (51.6%) and 927 girls (48.4%). The results indicated that the trajectories of life satisfaction could be categorized into three groups: “High Level-decreasing” (57.19%), “Moderate Level-stable” (37.62%), and “Low Level-increasing” (5.19%). Predictors for each class exhibited that female students and individuals with higher levels of self-esteem and school adjustment were more likely to be in the “Low Level-increasing” and “Moderate Level-stable” groups compared to male students and those reporting lower levels of self-esteem and school adjustment. Moreover, students with higher peer attachment were more likely to be in the “Low Level-increasing” group compared to the “High Level-decreasing” group. Educational implications to achieve positive life satisfaction by determining the influence of the predictors for each trajectory are outlined.

Most people spend a large part of their adult life at work. This study investigated how access to sports infrastructure near workplaces is related to the sports participation of working adults, com...

Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) was described over 100 years ago, but it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, even after a diagnosis is made. It is relatively common, affecting almost 2% of school-age children in some studies. Although it is traditionally seen as a childhood disease related to migraine, CVS does occur in adults. The main characteristic of CVS is the stereotypical recurrent nature of episodes of intense nausea and vomiting lasting from few hours to few days and followed by a complete resolution of symptoms. The diagnosis is predominantly a clinical one and there are internationally accepted criteria for diagnosis. The management of acute attacks of CVS aims to relieve symptoms, reduce the duration of attacks and prevent dehydration and hospital admission. Management also includes appropriate counselling on healthy lifestyle, provision of individual management plans and preventive medications. The aim of management is to reduce the number of attacks and improve quality of life. About half the children with CVS start to have migraine with or without aura in late adolescence and around 40% continue with CVS into early adult life. This article is aimed at healthcare professionals looking after children with CVS and describes the clinical presentation, the criteria required for diagnosis and outlines the different treatment options.

The increase in survival rates of children with high-grade central nervous system tumors has highlighted the necessity for and challenges associated with transition of care as these children grow into adult life. Late recurrence and treatment effects are some of the conditions that require care after transition. Several models of transition have been proposed in the literature. An effective transition will not only ensure adequate continuity of care but will also include assessment of effectiveness of the transition by health care personnel and the patient/patient's family themselves.

Perinatal early nutritional disorders are critical for the developmental origins of health and disease. Glycotoxins, or advanced glycation end-products, and their precursors such as the methylglyoxal, which are formed endogenously and commonly found in processed foods and infant formulas, may be associated with acute and long-term metabolic disorders. Besides general aspects of glycotoxins, such as their endogenous production, exogenous sources, and their role in the development of metabolic syndrome, we discuss in this review the sources of perinatal exposure to glycotoxins and their involvement in metabolic programming mechanisms. The role of perinatal glycotoxin exposure in the onset of insulin resistance, central nervous system development, cardiovascular diseases, and early aging also are discussed, as are possible interventions that may prevent or reduce such effects.

The white mullet Mugil curema supports several fisheries in the neotropical region; nevertheless, the population structure is still elusive. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of adult management units and nursery areas from five sampling sites throughout the Gulf of Mexico and northern Brazil using otolith microchemistry. The Li/Ca, Na/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca and Pb/Ca ratios were measured in otolith core (juvenile stage) and edge (adult stage) (N = 131) using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Several ratios were significantly different between sampling sites for core and edge (P 0.05). For otolith edge, permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed significant differences (P 0.05) between all sampling sites from Mexico (except between Mecoacán and Tamiahua, P 0.05) and between Mexico (pooled samples) and Brazil. Quadratic discriminant analyses showed jackknifed classification higher in the edge (66.6% and 99.5% for Mexico and Brazil plus Mexico, respectively) than in the core (46.3% and 76.5% Mexico and Brazil plus Mexico, respectively). The two cluster analyses based on the core microchemistry (Mexico and Brazil plus Mexico) produced three main clusters, which did not coincide with catchment areas. These results support the segregation of the M. curema adult life stages among several sampling sites from Mexico and Brazil; moreover, core analysis suggested that the nursery areas did not correspond to the capture sites or adults stocks.

Background Growing up with a severely mentally ill parent can impact on subsequent adult life, and it can be extra challenging in a society with a small population, known as a small-scale society. Life in a small-scale society is characterised by multiple close relationships, lack of anonymity and a conservative attitude towards normal behaviour. Aims To look at the impact of growing up with a mentally ill parent on adult life in a small-scale society. Methods Data from semistructured interviews with 11 adult children of severely mentally ill parents were reanalysed and subjected to secondary analysis. Results The additional analysis resulted in four central themes: ‘becoming open and courageous’, ‘seeking and giving help’, ‘feeling uncertain and different’ and ‘being resilient and sensitive’. These were conflated into an overarching theme: ‘childhood experiences track into adulthood for better and worse’. The themes elucidate a diverse big picture and encompass positive and challenging features of adult life in a small-scale society. Conclusions The study ends with recommendations for the early establishment of collaboration and family-focused interventions with mentally ill parents and their children.

Summary Many women around the world and throughout history have made tremendous sacrifices to provide surgical care to patients and further advance the field of surgery. In the process, many have become recognized surgeons, leaders, and mentors and continue to make tremendous contributions to the advancement of surgery. Queen Shubad of Ur (circa 3500 BC) may be the first documented female surgeon in history, as she was found buried with bronze and flint surgical instruments. Through the majority of recorded history, women were barred outright from practicing medicine or surgery. Certain fields (pediatrics, obstetrics and internal medicine) opened up earlier to women, but most surgical specialties were deemed too masculine. To circumvent bias, and perform surgery, women often posed as men. Dr. James Barry (1795-1865) was a renowned army surgeon in the United Kingdom, performing the first successful caesarian section in Africa by an Irish surgeon. Only upon death was it discovered that “he” was in fact Dr. Miranda Stewart. She had lived her entire public and private adult life as a male in order to attend the University of Edinburgh medical school and to be able to pursue a surgical career. Elena or Eleno de Cespedes (1545- c. 1588), a Spanish surgeon in the 16th century, grew up as a female Mulatto slave. She practiced for the majority of her career as a male and was even subjected to medical examinations for gender confirmation. In the 19th century, pioneers, such as Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell in the United States and Dr. Emily Jennings Stowe in Canada, opened the doors for women to enter medical school and the surgical profession as women. In the coming years, Dr. Mary Edwards Walker (1832-1919) in the United States and Dr. Vera Gerdroits (1870-1932) in Russia served on the frontlines for their countries as military surgeons. Contemporaries, such as Dr. Angelita Habr-Gama, FACS (H), have paved the way for individualized patient care and nonoperative management in colorectal surgery through robust academic careers. All in all, despite great adversity, female surgeons have challenged societal, academic, and political norms to further the art and science of surgery, to care for patients, and to facilitate a pathway for generations of women who have followed.

Os praticantes de bullying têm sido pouco investigados nas pesquisas sobre o fenômeno. Para dar voz a estes atores iniciamos a investigação com a análise documental dos registros violência, indisciplina e bullying nos Cadernos de Ocorrência do 6° ao 9° anos do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública no RJ, correspondentes ao período de quatro anos. Nestes, observamos 502 casos de violência. A fim de verificar a percepção de praticantes de bullying procedemos à focalização progressiva dos investigados na qual encontramos 63 alunos com três registros ou mais neste período - 31 estudantes continuavam na instituição investigada. Aceitaram participar da entrevista compreensiva em grupos focais 19 alunos (M = 13; F = 6). Os sujeitos associaram a prática do bullying ao prazer e a diversão. Segundo os investigados o bullying ocorre diariamente e proporciona tanto ao praticante quanto ao alvo, a aquisição da capacidade de lidar com a adversidade. O abandono da prática se dá, progressivamente, a partir da influência de agências de socialização (escola e família) e do comprometimento com as perspectivas da vida adulta.

Some consequences of adverse events early in life for labor market outcomes may emerge early and others only later in adult life. We use data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to investigate how early life circumstances—childhood health and socioeconomic status (SES)—are associated with various labor market outcomes over an individual’s entire life cycle. Our main new finding is that these associations change significantly over the life cycle. For instance, the association of childhood SES with lifetime earnings is shown to become stronger over the life cycle and to operate through both working years and annual earnings. We discuss how our findings can explain some of the mixed evidence on these associations in previous literature. Our results also shed light on the potential gains in the different labor market outcomes of public policies that invest in children’s health and parents’ SES.

There are currently no population-based reference data sets available for volumetric bone mineral density and microarchitecture parameters measured using the second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), yet the technology is rapidly becoming a standard for studies of bone microarchitecture. Although cross-calibrated data sets from the first-generation HR-pQCT have been reported, they are not suitable for second-generation bone microarchitecture properties because of fundamental differences between scanner generations. This study provides site- and sex-specific centile curves across the adult life span for second-generation HR-pQCT properties. A total of 1236 adult participants (768 female and 468 male) from the Calgary area between the ages of 18 and 90 years were scanned at the distal tibia and radius using the second-generation HR-pQCT. Bone densities, microarchitectural properties, and failure load estimated using finite element analysis were determined using standard in vivo protocol. Site- and sex-specific centile curves were generated using the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) method. These data provide reference curves appropriate for predominantly white male and female adults, which can be used as a tool to assess patient- or cohort-specific bone health. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

The article discusses work ethos in American ceremonial discourse addressed to the young entering adult life. Its aim is to investigate whether the Protestant work ethic still pervades the American thinking about work. Through a qualitative analysis of the corpus of 100 randomly selected commencement addresses delivered during 2016 and 2017 graduation ceremonies in American universities, it is shown how work-related topics are employed by the speakers celebrating the graduates’ academic achievements and providing them with advice for the future. The Discourse-Historical Approach, committed to Critical Discourse Analysis, has been chosen as a methodological approach, integrating the interpretation of discourses and texts with sociological and historical research, studies on narration, stylistics, rhetoric and argumentation theory. As the discourse to be analyzed is culture-specific, I have decided to combine the Discourse-Historical Approach with Cultural Studies.

All my adult life, I’ve been nearsighted. Very myopic. So much so that glasses were totally useless. If I tried to use them with the correction I really needed, the walls would begin to curve, and ...

The author explores how continuous violations of a child’s subjectivity may influence his or her defensive strategies and maintenance of identity in adult life as well as how this may be supported ...

Aedes aegypti control in Brazil comprises integrated actions, in which larvicide application is a supplementary measure. Despite the importance of analyzing the effects of temperature on the efficiency of larvicides to control mosquito populations, there is still a lack of information regarding the sublethal effect of larvicides. We hypothesized that mosquitoes which survived pyriproxyfen exposure, during their immature development, have small body sizes and live less than mosquitoes that were not exposed to this larvicide. We investigated the sublethal effects of five different pyriproxyfen concentrations (0.0001; 0.001; 0.01; 0.1 and 1 mg.L−1), under three different temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C). As we increased the larvicide concentration, less larvae survived and developed into adults. However, at 30 °C the survival was higher than at 25 °C and 20 °C comparing the concentrations of 0.001 mg.L−1 and 0.01 mg.L−1 (10% and 16% high, respectively). Mosquito survivors to pyriproxyfen exposure, in all thermal conditions, had shorter adult life spans than mosquitoes not exposed to pyriproxyfen during the larval stage. The females exposed at 30 °C showed smaller wings than females from experiments at 20 °C. These findings provide evidence that the biological parameters of the adult lifespan and wing centroid size are impaired due to larval exposure to pyriproxyfen, even at high temperatures. Reduced longevity and small wing size are fitness costs to survive this larvicide exposure. These findings provide support to assess resistance development to larvicides through future generations and contribute to the discussion on improving the rational application of larvicides.

One of the most famous historians of chernomoria is Ivan diomidovich Popko, author of books and a number of articles on the history of the Cossacks, who spent the Mature part of his adult life in Stavropol. Therefore, the main part of its archive is stored there. A significant part of it consists of personal letters from Ekaterinodar, Tiflis, Vladikavkaz, St. Petersburg, and other cities. In the State archive of the Stavropol territory, the Fund 377, the authors were able to discover documents of great interest to historians who study the everyday life of the city of Ekaterinodar the mid-nineteenth century – it notes (4 sheets) exchanged between young Ivan and Diomidovich Vasily Fedorovich to the last departure in Stavropol, and 39 letters I.D. Popko, V.F., Zolotarenko, in the period from 1847 to 1855 A review of the identified notes and letters is offered to the reader.There is no conflict of interest.

In humans, personality is relatively stable across the adult life- span and various situations. Can the same be said of the personality of cats? Primary caregivers of cats thought about their cats ...

Good nutrition in the first “1000 days,” including breastfeeding and appropriate complementary foods, prepares for a healthy childhood and adult life, also contributes to the prevention of the double burden of malnutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding provides all required nutrients until an infant is around 6 months of age when complementary foods are needed. A literature review was undertaken of complementary foods in the Asia Pacific region. The foods being used at present are often of low nutrient density may provide insufficient amounts of some critical nutrients, and generally the variety is limited. Guidelines for complementary feeding are provided to assist in education and in public health planning.

This study aimed to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) across adult life with cognitive function in 2,637 participants aged 60 years or over from NHANES 2011-2014. The primary outcome was a composite score based on test scores on word list learning, animal naming, and digit symbol substitution. Exposures of interest included BMI at age 25, BMI 10 years before the survey, BMI at the survey (current BMI), and BMI burden calculated from age 25 to age at survey. BMI at age 25 was inversely associated with the composite score (β=-0.0271±0.0130 per kg/m2, P=0.038) and positively with low cognitive performance (odd ratio=1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.07, P=0.010), defined as below 20 percentile of the composite score. Similar results were observed for BMI 10 years before the survey and BMI burden. Current BMI was positively associated with the composite score (β=0.0369±0.0113, P=0.001) and inversely associated with low cognitive performance (odd ratio=0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.94-0.99, P=0.004). In conclusion, high BMI in early adult life is associated with low cognitive function in late life, which underscores the importance of a healthy body weight across the life course. The association between BMI and cognitive function at late life requires further investigation.

Historically, numeracy has tended to be forgotten and overlooked in adult education, especially compared to literacy. Yet evidence exists to show that numeracy should be made a priority, and that building the foundational numeracy skills of young people and adults is vital for their well-being in work and life in the 21st century. In the past three decades, there has been an increasing awareness of the role and importance of mathematics and numeracy skills in adult life. This concerns every adult as an individual, as a member of society and as a worker, and how proficiency in these areas is critical in underpinning the skills necessary to negotiate the challenges of 21st-century life. This article describes how this growing understanding and awareness of numeracy has been enhanced through the evolution of the assessment of numeracy in international adult skills surveys. It began with the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) in the 1990s, continued with the Adult Literacy and Lifeskills (ALL) survey in the mid-2000s, and in 2011 finally led to the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). The latter’s second cycle is due to start collecting data in 2021–2022 and the results are due to be published in 2023. The development and ongoing refinement of the theoretical frameworks and constructs that underpin these programmes and the assessments themselves, alongside the research based on the rich data of empirical and background information emerging from these surveys, have contributed significantly to our knowledge and understanding of numeracy in people’s lives.

Person-centered analytic approaches (e.g., latent profile analysis, cluster analysis) have been offered as a potential solution to measurement issues associated with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Yet, extant literature utilizing person-centered approaches reveals a lack of consistency in the identified mindfulness profiles, especially in non-college samples. The present study tested the generalizability of FFMQ profiles in an adult life span, community sample using latent profile analysis and cluster analysis. Furthermore, the study explored whether mindfulness profiles related to age and well-being. Age-diverse participants (N = 715) recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed the FFMQ and numerous measures of well-being. Cluster analysis revealed four mindfulness profiles: (1) high mindfulness, (2) low mindfulness, (3) judgmentally observing, and (4) nonjudgmentally aware. Latent profile analysis indicated four profiles, but only two profiles resembled profiles resulting from the cluster analysis, and two of the profiles comprised less than 9% of the sample combined. Using profiles identified by cluster analysis, older age was associated with increased likelihood of classification into a high mindfulness profile and decreased likelihood of classification into a low mindfulness profile. Furthermore, the high mindfulness profile showed the best well-being and the low mindfulness profile showed the worst. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the type of analytic method and sample characteristics, such as age, may affect the makeup of resulting mindfulness profiles. Implications for the state of this literature are discussed.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway having a crucial role in embryonic and adult life. Specifically, the Wnt/β-catenin axis is pivotal to the development and homeostasis of the nervous system, and its dysregulation has been associated with various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this signaling pathway has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target against neurodegeneration.This review focuses on the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The evidence showing that defects in the signaling might be involved in the development of these diseases, and the pharmacological approaches tested so far, are discussed. The possibilities that this pathway offers in terms of new therapeutic opportunities are also considered.The increasing interest paid to the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases demonstrates how targeting this signaling for therapeutic purposes could be a great opportunity for both neuroprotection and neurorepair. Without overlooking some licit concerns about drug safety and delivery to the brain, there is growing and more convincing evidence that restoring this signaling in neurodegenerative diseases may strongly increase the chance to develop disease-modifying treatments for these brain pathologies.

One of the challenges of modern societies is the access to ordinary employment of people with intellectual disabilities. In this article: 1) We will present the existing measures in the Canary Islands regarding educational attention to students with intellectual disabilities. 2) We will analyze the resources available and the processes of transit to employment from the education system and from the entities linked to employment. 3) We will examine the role of special employment centers and occupational centers. 4) We will analyze the characteristics of the Supported Employment model for access to ordinary employment of people with significant disabilities. This model, created in the United States in the 70s, has demonstrated its effectiveness for the labor inclusion of people with significant disabilities. 5) We will describe the situation of the Employment with Support model in the Canary Islands, highlighting some good practice projects. The employment of people with intellectual disabilities in the Canary Islands remains an anecdotal fact, despite the available resources and the trajectory of different specialized entities. It is necessary to document experiences, encourage research, take care of the process of transition to adult life, match economic investment in employability resources of a protected nature with those of ordinary character. Finally, it is necessary to inform and raise awareness about the ability people with disabilities to contribute to the creation of more profitable and sustainable companies.

Background. In the general population, trajectories of walking capacity is accelerated and nonlinear with advanced age. Whether this is more pronounced in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), along with the prevalence of dismobility (ie, slow gait speed), are currently unknown. Our objective was to investigate trajectories of walking capacity and prevalence of dismobility across the adult life span in pwMS versus healthy controls (HC). Methods. Data on maximal timed 25-foot walk test (T25FWT), 2-minute walk test (2MWT), and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) along with prevalence of dismobility were assembled from 2 RIMS multicenter studies (n = 502 pwMS; age range 21-77 years, 6 age groups: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79 years). HC data were extracted from studies containing normative reference values (n = 1070-3780 HC). Results. Age trajectories of walking capacity was nonlinear and accelerated in pwMS versus HC. While measures of walking capacity in pwMS were suppressed already early in life, the gap between pwMS and HC significantly widened across the 6 age groups (pwMS performed 64%, 70%, 57%, 59%, 51%, and 37% of HC, respectively). This coincided with high prevalences of dismobility in pwMS across the 6 age groups when using usual gait speed cut-point values

Background and Objectives Few studies have simultaneously compared caregivers in all stages of the adult life course. This study examined age differences in associations among primary stressors (caregiver burden which includes hours of provided care and number of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living performed), secondary stressors (financial and employment strains), and caregiver outcomes (emotional strain and physical strain). Research Design Using Pearlin’s Stress Process Model (1990) and the Caregiving in the United States 2015 dataset, 1,156 caregivers were identified (including 278 young adults aged 18–39 years, 464 midlife adults aged 40–59 years, and 414 older adults aged 60–80 years). Results Post hoc analyses revealed that compared to older adults, young adults reported less caregiver burden, less physical strain, and greater financial strain. Linear regression analyses revealed associations between caregiver burden and financial strain with emotional and physical strain for all respondents. Discussion and Implications Findings emphasize the need for age-specific interventions.

Introdução: os adolescentes que praticam exercícios físicos regularmente têm maior possibilidade de se tornarem adultos mais ativos, quando comparados com o grupo dos adolescentes sedentários. Objetivo: esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar como a prática regular e moderada de exercícios físicos, entre os jovens de 10 a 19 anos, pode promover a saúde de seus realizadores. Método: trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura de artigos publicados entre 2014 e 2018. Serviu-se das bases de dados BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde) e PUBMED (U.S. National Library of Medicine), utilizando-se os descritores “Saúde do Adolescente AND Exercício Físico” e “Adolescent Health AND Exercise”. Resultados: foram eleitos 25 artigos para análise, dos quais apenas 10atenderam ao objetivo do estudo. Conclusão: a literatura analisada aponta que a prática regular de exercícios físicos traz benefícios imediatos à saúde do adolescente, bem como o predispõe a uma vida adulta mais saudável.

This article explores one woman’s life history of mental illness in West Sumatra, Indonesia, and the shifting explanatory narratives used over time by herself and her family to understand and manage this illness. For most of her adult life, Amak Dahniar has heard voices, which had been understood as an illness caused by harmful spiritual influences; later in life she received a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. Amak Dahniar’s life story highlights the tensions between local understandings and methods of care and transnational psychiatric framings of mental illness.

The 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 (Burnside-Butler) deletion is a rare copy number variant impacting four genes (NIPA1, NIPA2, CYFIP1, and TUBGCP5), and carries increased risks for developmental delay, intellectual disability, and neuropsychiatric disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and psychosis). In this case report (supported by extensive developmental information and medication history), we present the complex clinical portrait of a 44-year-old woman with 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion syndrome and chronic, treatment-resistant psychotic symptoms who has resided nearly her entire adult life in a long-term state psychiatric institution. Diagnostic and treatment implications are discussed.

espanolEsta investigacion ofrece una mirada academica sobre aspectos destacables de la vida y obra de la artista Celia Leyton Vidal (Santiago de Chile, 1895-1975), quien desarrollo gran parte de su trabajo pictorico en la region de La Araucania, situada en el sur de Chile. Tuvo un alto perfil en su labor como docente, artista investigadora y promotora de los valores culturales del pueblo mapuche. Realizo un profundo trabajo de campo que se evidencia en anotaciones, bosquejos, descripciones e interpretaciones de sus experiencias investigativas, las que le permitieron, ademas de crear un gran cuerpo de obra, producir textos (catalogos y una autobiografia) con el objeto de acercar a las personas los valores y virtudes de la cosmovision mapuche, cultura y etnia que consideraba en grave riesgo de desaparecer. Una primera revision biografica ha develado el contexto de su formacion academica, su condicion de genero y los referentes que orientaron sus perspectivas de representacion visual y sus valores etico-sociales. Por ultimo, este trabajo investigativo conforma un analisis formal y simbolico de una de sus creaciones pictoricas, especificamente un autorretrato, en donde se relevan algunas claves que permiten configurar el valor de su proyecto artistico y cultural. EnglishThis research explores key aspects of the life and work of the Chilean artist Celia Leyton Vidal (Santiago de Chile, 1895-1975). Celia Leyton’s research and painting work was mainly developed in La Araucania, the southern Chilean region where she spent most of her adult life. As a prominent middle school teacher, art researcher and painter, Leyton made a significant contribution to the academic art domain, and was devoted to the promotion and dissemination of the Mapuche culture and values. Her prolific field work includes annotations, sketches, descriptions and analysis of her research experiences, all of which led to the creation of numerous paintings and documents, including catalogues and an autobiography. Fearing it was endangered in modern times, the artist devotedly dedicated her entire life and work to disseminate Mapuche culture, virtues and worldview. A first biographic review provided a general understanding about the painter’s life, her academic background, gender-related struggles, as well as the influential references that contributed to shape her social and ethical profile, and her visual representations and symbolism. Finally, we discuss a formal and symbolic analysis of a self-portrait, considered as one of her most important art works, and which reveals the true value of her artistic and cultural project.

A normally functioning esophagus is a specialized functioning organ, and it functions in concert with other derivatives of foregut origin. Unlike adults, esophageal replacement (OR) in infants and children is uniformly done for benign conditions. The complexity of esophageal substitution techniques and its sequelae are not experienced only during childhood, but they spill over into adult life as well making life-long commitment and follow-up necessary. Although multiple technical approaches and their modifications are being practiced for OR over the past century, there is no clear consensus regarding the best one. In recent years, realizing that patient's own esophagus suits him/her best, esophageal lengthening and tissue engineering techniques are challenging the replacement techniques. There are no randomized controlled pediatric studies to compare different types of OR.

The structural differences between arteries and veins are genetically predetermined. Vascular identity markers, the molecular markers specific to veins and arteries, determine the differential development of vessels during embryogenesis and their expression persists in adult vessels. It is revealed that they can be reactivated under various pathophysiologic conditions even after vessel differentiation. Thus, once considered as quiescent in adults, vascular identity markers may actually play significant roles in vascular remodeling. Manipulation of vascular identity and the underlying molecular mechanisms might be a novel strategy to improve vascular remodeling for clinical application.

Many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) perform poorly in their academic studies. They also have difficulties in their social lives due to a lack of interpersonal skills and this often continues into adult life. Appropriate early therapies and medications can be very beneficial. In this paper, we introduce and demonstrate the benefits of a new type of treatment, namely, an eye-contact game which successfully exploits mixed reality technology. None of the patients in our experiment were older than ten years of age. They were able to pay attention and sustain interest in the treatment sessions over a span of six weeks. After participating in the treatment sessions with our game, the omission/commission errors which were evaluated in an attention test taken by the experimental group decreased significantly and appeared within the normal range. In addition to the improvement in error rates, the mean response time to an interactive metronome test significantly decreased. Importantly, our game allows patients to conduct this treatment by themselves at home without professional assistance. To the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first studies to use a mixed reality head-mounted display to treat children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to prove its potential as a treatment for clinically diagnosed children.

This study is about the own child sexual abuse experience of a participant followed by a critical literature review, case presentation, method and conclusion. The literature review firstly presents definitions about abuse, sexual abuse, prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and then focuses on effects of child sexual in childhood and adulthood. Case presentation includes parts from own narrative of the research participant and principally outlines the effects of sexual abuse experience from childhood to adult life. The study was designed in a phenomenological pattern that is rooted in qualitative research. As a result of the analysis, emotions after sexual abuse, need of support, injuring of sense of trust, memories and flashbacks, coping with and managing negative effects of sexual abuse themes were obtained. In line with the findings, sources of the participant are related to sexual abuse in childhood was determined, and the contents of the themes were presented in detail