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In this article, I analyze how former activists opposed to Estado Novo, Portugal's fascist regime, see their past, as well as the emotions and perceptions associated with it. I argue that what Antonio Costa Pinto called a "double legacy" shapes these activists' process of remembering. This means that the legacies of dictatorship in Portugal's consolidated democracy are strongly shaped by how it ended and by how democracy was implemented in the country--that is, through a revolution and a radical "cut with the past." I use semistructured interviews and open questionnaires to study how former activists are affected by and contribute to building this double legacy. By adopting an interactionist perspective and by bridging the scholarship on transition and oral history, this research aims to strengthen the dialogue between social movement and memory studies, and also stresses the relevance of the co-construction of individual and collective memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All teeth are viable candidates for extraction under the appropriate clinical circumstances. The clinical considerations regarding each type of tooth as a potential candidate for extraction will be discussed. Considerations include aesthetics, the ability of the patient to engage in interdisciplinary therapy, function, anatomic and skeletal limitations, compromised status, the mechanotherapy to be employed, the characteristics of the malocclusion being treated, the availability of specific types of anchorage, and the relative support of the hard and soft tissues. The decision to extract teeth and which ones, should support the orthodontic trilogy of function, stability and esthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non extraction therapy is NOT a treatment goal. It is merely a means of effectuating a treatment goal. The same mindset applies to extraction therapy – it is a means to an end. The first diagnostic consideration in contemporary orthodontic therapy should be to decide where one wants to place the teeth. This answer is based on a host of considerations that are driven by patient preferences, professional experience and expertise, and evidence based data relating to the clinical issues at hand. Treatment considerations follow and they too are based on a number of factors such as anatomical, physiological, and functional limitations, patient cooperation, and biomechanical expertise to name a few. In the end, the decision to extract teeth or not should support the five goals that provide support for the bases behind professional orthodontic intervention: 1) the creation of a harmonious balance in the alignment of the dentition, 2) maximizing occlusal contacts, 3) enhancing dentofacial esthetics, 4) creating a functional occlusion, and 5) achieving a relatively physiologic stable result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern Identity Management systems improve their users' data security and authentication experience considerably. Conversely, given their centralized nature, these systems are often under attack, be it external or internal, because of the important and very likely reserved information they host on their users' behalf. A way to solve this pressing issue is to move the data back in its owner's hands while maintaining all the nice usability improvements of such a system. Using what can be called "User Centric Identity Management" allows just that: every user holds his own data on a device that stores it securely and acts as an arbiter between this information and the services that request it, granting its owner a much more fine tuned control over his information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cultures et Conflits is the property of Centre d'Etudes sur les Conflits, Revue Cultures & Conflits and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (EKR1/2) in cardiac hypertrophic response regulation. To induce ERK1/2 signaling, the researchers used mice lacking all ERK1/2 protein in the heart and mice expressing activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Mek)1 in the heart. It was shown that the balance between eccentric and concentric growth in the heart is uniquely regulated by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Semi-permeable devices (SPMDs) are membranes widely used in monitoring studies for their capability to sample passively hydrophobic compounds. SPMDs were used in a Mediterranean lagoon in order to investigate the partitioning of PAHs in sediments and their potential fugacity. A SPMD was placed for 30 days at 4-m depth in the south-eastern part of the Berre lagoon (Marseille, France), and it supplied a short time-integrated measure of 15 PAH concentrations.PAHs were partitioned between SPMD and sediment according to their molecular weight: low molecular weight PAHs were quantified in higher concentration in SPMD, while those of high molecular weight were more abundant in superficial sediments. Fugacity was higher than 1 for most PAHs, with the exception of those with higher molecular weight. Therefore, the flux of these organic contaminants was from sediment to water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silymarin, a naturally acknowledged hepatoprotector used in humans to treat liver diseases has been tested in murine (HC11) and bovine (BME-UV) mammary epithelial cell lines to evaluate a possible direct effect on cell growth and differentiation in mammary gland. Silymarin enhanced cell proliferation (p < 0.05) from 10 to 1000 ng/ml in association with growth factors, (up to 20%) or alone (up to 15%) versus controls. Furthermore, silymarin (100 ng/ml) was able to increase (p < 0.05) β-casein gene expression alone or in association with prolactin (5 μg/ml). These effects may be related with protein kinase B (AKT) activation induced by silymarin treatment (p < 0.05) and/or by a dose-related inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on caspase-3 activity related to a protective role in cell apoptosis. These data suggest that silymarin should be considered a candidate to support mammary gland activity during a lactogenetic state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the new version of the social desirability scale of occupations for Italy, a reputational scale whose first version was built by de Lillo and Schizzerotto (1985) following Goldthorpe and Hope (1974). First we discuss the main reasons that led the research team to undertake this task. Prestige scales are known indeed to be fairly stable across time and space; however Italian society has undergone profound changes over the last 20 years, and the stability of (the perception of) the occupational stratification needed to be proved. The research design is pretty similar to the one used in 1985; however the interviewees sample is much numerous (N = 1958) and the occupations graded amount to 686. Each occupation received around 60 evaluations; occupations have been grouped into 110 categories, which form the scale. We present the criteria which underlie the scale categories, and discuss the main features of the ranking resulting from giving them a score derived from respondents' ratings. As a research tool, we provide the conversion rules between ISCO88 and our scale, showing that even when all the relevant information for translating the ISCO88 codes into the scores of our scale (sector of activity, self employment, etc.) is not available the conversion between the two classification tools is of a good quality. The main research hypotheses tested here is that the ratings - and so the scale - do not differ according to subgroup variations among respondents, i.e. that gender, age, education, place of residence and occupation do not influence in a systematic way respondents' ratings. The hypothesis is confirmed, however with two exceptions. First, some occupations have been graded in a systematically different way in the different areas of the country (north west, north east, centre, south, islands), though place of residence in itself does not have an influence on the scale as a whole. Second, the highly educated rated better those occupations which require high education - though this effect is a minor one. More insight will be gained from future analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Purpose: To estimate the knowledge of and attitudes toward epilepsy in schoolchildren and university students in Rome. Methods: We administered a custom-designed questionnaire in Italian on general knowledge, specific knowledge and social impact of epilepsy to a random sample of upper-middle class pupils and university undergraduate students in Rome. Results: The young people we studied have a reasonable knowledge of epilepsy: as many as 91% claimed to know something about the disease. Yet only 16% correctly stated the prevalence as being about 1 in 100. Middle-school pupils and university graduates consider epilepsy as an illness from which patients rarely recover and one that creates problems in finding employment. The largest number of correct answers for nearly all the questionnaire items came from university students. Conclusions: These findings suggest that apart from an encouragingly large number of the subjects we studied claim to know something about epilepsy (91% today versus 73% 22 years ago), Italian students still know little about epilepsy. These preliminary data should provide a starting point for a future in-depth population-based survey and information campaigns at schools in the Rome metropolitan area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Intraluminal electrical impedance is a novel technique, which is able for the first time to provide a qualitative assessment of refluxed material moving from the stomach to the oesophagus. In other words, the presence of air can be differentiated from that of liquid, because the former is characterised by high and the latter by low impedance compared with baseline. Moreover, the combined measurement of electrical impedance and pH-metry permits to distinguish acid from non-acid liquid reflux. One of the most important clinical applications of this method is to assess the reasons for poor response of GORD patients to high-dose proton pump inhibitors. This case report describes the results of impedance in the evaluation of a young woman, who did not respond to twice-daily doses of rabeprazole. She continued to complain of heartburn as major symptom and impedance allowed us to clarify that it was not related to acid or non-acid reflux, but to air swallowing. Therefore, this technique identified aerophagia to be responsible for persistent heartburn despite high-dose proton pump inhibitor and prevented the adoption of more aggressive, but probably unuseful therapies, such as the surgical one. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]