Author: "Abhinav Goyal" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Abhinav Goyal"' showing total 355 results

Start Over Author "Abhinav Goyal"

355 results on '"Abhinav Goyal"'

51. Enhanced Dopamine Sensitivity Using Steered Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Author: Cheonho Park, Sangmun Hwang, Kendall H. Lee, Kevin E. Bennet, Hojin Shin, Dong Pyo Jang, Jinsick Park, Hyun U. Cho, Abhinav Goyal, Yumin Kang, and Yoonbae Oh
Subjects: Millisecond, Materials science, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, General Chemical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, General Chemistry, Article, Chemistry, Dopamine, Temporal resolution, medicine, Sensitivity (control systems), Cyclic voltammetry, QD1-999, medicine.drug
Abstract: Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a technique for measuring phasic release of neurotransmitters with millisecond temporal resolution. The current data are captured by carbon fiber microelectrodes, and non-Faradaic current is subtracted from the background current to extract the Faradaic redox current through a background subtraction algorithm. FSCV is able to measure neurotransmitter concentrations in vivo down to the nanomolar scale, making it a very robust and useful technique for probing neurotransmitter release dynamics and communication across neural networks. In this study, we describe a technique that can further lower the limit of detection of FSCV. By taking advantage of a “waveform steering” technique and by amplifying only the oxidation peak of dopamine to reduce noise fluctuations, we demonstrate the ability to measure dopamine concentrations down to 0.17 nM. Waveform steering is a technique to dynamically alter the input waveform to ensure that the background current remains stable over time. Specifically, the region of the input waveform in the vicinity of the dopamine oxidation potential (∼0.6 V) is kept flat. Thus, amplification of the input waveform will amplify only the Faradaic current, lowering the existing limit of detection for dopamine from 5.48 to 0.17 nM, a 32-fold reduction, and for serotonin, it lowers the limit of detection from 57.3 to 1.46 nM, a 39-fold reduction compared to conventional FSCV. Finally, the applicability of steered FSCV to in vivo dopamine detection was also demonstrated in this study. In conclusion, steered FSCV might be used as a neurochemical monitoring tool for enhancing detection sensitivity.
Published: 2021

52. An Evolutionary Algorithmic Investigation of US Corporate Payout Policy Determination.

Author: Alexandros Agapitos, Abhinav Goyal 0002, and Cal Muckley
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

53. Development and Evaluation of a Core Genome Multilocus Sequencing Typing (cgMLST) Scheme for Serratia marcescens Molecular Surveillance and Outbreak Investigations

Author: Stefanie Kampmeier, Karola Prior, Scott A. Cunningham, Abhinav Goyal, Dag Harmsen, Robin Patel, and Alexander Mellmann
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Whole Genome Sequencing, Epidemiology, Humans, Serratia marcescens, Genome, Bacterial, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Disease Outbreaks
Abstract: Serratia marcescens can cause a range of severe infections and contributes to nosocomial outbreaks. Although whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based typing is the standard method for molecular surveillance and outbreak investigation, there is no standardized analytic scheme for S. marcescens core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Here, the development and evaluation of a S. marcescens cgMLST scheme is reported with the goal of enabling a standardized methodology and typing nomenclature. Four hundred ninety-one high-quality S. marcescens WGS data sets were extracted from public databases and-using the genomic sequence of NCBI reference strain S. marcescens Db11 (NZ_HG326223.1) as a starting point-all Db11 genes present in ≥97% data sets used to create a cgMLST scheme. The novel scheme was evaluated using WGS data from 24 outbreak investigations (in/i= 175 isolates) distributed over three continents. Analysis of Db11 genes within the 491 data sets identified 2,692 target genes present in ≥97% of genomes (mean, 99.1%; median, 99.9%). These genes formed the novel cgMLST scheme, covering 47.8% of nucleotides in the Db11 genome. Analyzing 175 isolates from 24 outbreaks using the novel scheme gave comparable results to previous typing efforts for both general groupings and allelic distances within clusters. In summary, a novel cgMLST scheme for S. marcescens was developed and evaluated. The scheme and its associated nomenclature will improve standardization of typing efforts for molecular surveillance and outbreak investigation, allowing better understanding of S. marcescens genomic epidemiology and facilitating interlaboratory comparisons.
Published: 2022

54. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author: Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C Quinn, Maria A Alfonso, Maria Antonieta Pereira Moraes, María Dolores Martínez-Ruíz, María Fernanda Canales, Maria Inês Caetano, Maria P Corral, Maria Pérez García, Maria Victoria Actis, Maria Aguirre, Maria Andreasson, Maria Aprile, Maria Colton, Maria Eugenia Martin, Maria Lasala, Maria Lorenzo, Maria Posada, Maria Shier, Maria Thottam, Mariana V Furtado, Mariana Yumi Okada, Marianna D A Dracoulakis, Marianne De Andrade, Mariano Rubio, Marie Essermark, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Marija T Petrovic, Marija Zdravkovic, Marilyn Black, Marina Garcia, Mario J Garcia, Mariola Szulik, Marisa Orgera, Mark A de Belder, Mark Harbinson, Mark Hyun, Mark Peterson, Mark Xavier, Marlowe Mosley, Marta Capinha, Marta Marcinkiewicz-Siemion, Marta Swiderek, Martha Meyer, Martina Ceseri, Martina Tricoli, Marvin Kronenberg, Mary Williams, Mary Ann Champagne, Mary Colleen Rogge, Mary R Soltau, Mary Streif, Massimo Villella, Massoud Leesar, Matei Claudia, Mateusz Solecki, Matías Nicolás Mungo, Matthew Wall Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, Mohammed Hussain, Mohammed Saleem, Moisés Blanco-Calvo, Moisés Jiménez-Santos, Mona Bhatia, Monica Rosca, Monika Laukyte, Montserrat Gracida Blanca, Montserrat Vila Perales, Mouaz H Al-Mallah, Moysés de Oliveira Filho, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Muhamed Saric, Mulei Chen, Myriam Brousseau, Myrthes Emy Takiuti, Nada Cemerlic-Adjic, Nadia Asif, Nadia Gakou, Nafisa Hussain, Nana O Katamadze, Nancy L Clapp, Nancy Aedy, Nandita Nataraj, Nanette K Wenger, Naomi Uchida, Nasrul Ismail, Natalia S Oliveira, Natalia de Carvalho Maffei, Natalie Spitzer, Natasha C Putnam, Naved Aslam, Neamat Mowafy, Neeraj Pandit, Neeraj Parakh, Nevena Garcevic, Ngaire Meadows, Nhi N Tran, Nicholas Danchin, Nicki Lakeman, Nicola Johnston, Nicolas W Shammas, Nicole Saint Vrestil, Nicole Deming, Nier Zhong, Niket Patel, Nikola N Boskovic, Nikolaos Karogiannis, Nikos Werner, Nina Johnston, Ning Zhang, Ning Zhou, Niree Hindoyan, Nirmal Kumar, Nitika Chadha, Nitish Naik, Nodira Aripova, Noloyiso Mtana, Nona A Eskelson, Noor Syamira Mokhtar, Noppon Taksaudom, Nor Asiah Basri, Nora Marchelletta, Norma Hogg, Nungshi Jungla, Nuno Ferreira, Oksana A Lubyanaya, Olga B Nikolaeva, Olga Cañavate, Olga Sobrino, Olga Walesiak, Olga Walter, Olga Zdończyk, Olivia J Lim, Olivia Anaya, Olivia Mancilla, Olivier Dubourg, Olugbenga Bello, Omar Almousalli, Omar Thompson, Oni Olurinde, Or Harel, Osama Raheem, Oscar Méndiz, Óscar Prada-Delgado, Oz Shapira, P Christian Schulze, Pachara Panpunuan, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Pallav Garg, Paloma Moraga, Pam Singh, Pamela Julian, Pamela Ouyang, Pamela Sigel, Pamela Woodard, Panpan Zhou, Paola Emanuela Poggio, Paola Smanio, Paolo Calabro, Paramjit Jeetley, Pascal Goube, Patricia K Nguyen, Patricia Alarie, Patricia Arakelian, Patricia Arsenault, Patricia Blaise, Patricia Brito, Patricia Cowper, Patricia Endsley, Patricia Mieses, Patrick B Alexander, Patrick Donnelly, Patrick Wilmot, Patrycja Lebioda, Paul C Gordon, Paul Der Mesropian, Paul Galiwango, Paul Hauptman, Paul Kennedy, Paula Beardsley, Paula García-González, Paulo Cury Rezende, Paulo Ricardo Caramori, Pavel S Kozlov, Pedro Canas Silva, Pedro Gabriel Melo Barros E Silva, Pedro Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro Carvalho, Pedro Modas, Pedro Rio, Peeyush Jain, Peiyu He, Peter A McCullough, Peter H Stone, Peter M Pollak, Peter Douglass, Peter Henriksen, Peter OKane, Peter Ong, Philip Jones, Philip Rogal, Philippe Généreux, Philippe Menasche, Philippe Rheault, Phoebe Goold, Pierre Gervais, Pierre Michaud, Pilar Calvillo, Ping Chai, Piotr Jakubowski, Piotr Pruszczyk, Piotr Slomka, Piyamitr Sritara, Poay-Huan Loh, Poonam Sonawane, Pouneh Samadi, Pragnesh P Parikh, Prakash Deedwania, Pranav M Patel, Praneeth Polamuri, Pratiksha Sharma, Precilia Vasquez, Preeti Kamath, Prince Thomas, Priyadarshani Arambam, Puja K Mehta, Purvez Grant, Pushpa Naik, Qi Zhong, Qian Zhao, Qiang Zhou, Qianqian Yuan, Qin Yu, Qingxian Li, Qiulan Xie, Qiutang Zeng, R J Vindhya, R James Gerlach, Rachel King, Rada Vučić, Radmila Lyubarova, Radoslaw Pracon, Raewyn Fisher, Rafael Beyar, Rafael Diaz, Rafael Selgas, Raffaele Bugiardini, Raffaele Fanelli, Raisa Kavalakkat, V S Rajalekshmi, Rajat S Barua, Rajeev Menon, Rajesh Gopalan Nair, Rajesh Francis, Rajiv Narang, Rakesh Yadav, Ralph Alan Huston, T Ramakrishnan, Ramesh de Silva, Rami El Mahmoud, Ramiro Carvalho, Ramon de Jesús-Pérez, Ramona Stevens, Ran Leng, Ranjan Kachru, Ranjit Kumar Nath, Raquel Sanchez, Raven R Dwyer, Raven Lee, Ray Wyman, Raymond C Wong, Raymond W Little, Raymundo Ocaranza Sanchez, Rebecca J Wimmer, Rebecca Bariciano, Rebecca Otis, Rebekah R Herrmann, Reem Yunis, Reinette Hampson, Renato Abdala Karam, Renee C Hessian, Renee Kaneshiro, Reshma Ravindran, Reto Andreas Gamma, Reyna Bhandari, Reza Arsanjani, Ricardo L Lopes, Ricardo Mendes Oliveira, Ricardo Costa, Richa Bhatt, Richard F Davies, Richard H J Trimlett, Richard Goldweit, Rik Hermanides, Rine Nakanishi, Rinu R Sidh, Risha Patel, Rita Coram, Rizwan A Siddiqui, Rob S Beanlands, Robert J Hamburger, Robert K Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Bojar, Robert Chilton, Robert Guyton, Robert Henderson, Robert Kornberg, Robert Leber, Robert Mao, Robert Stenberg, Roberta P Santos, Roberto René Favaloro, Roberto Amati, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rodrigo J Cerci, Rogerio Tumelero, Rohit Tandon, Roma Tewari, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Ron Wald, Ronald A Mastouri, Ronald G Morford, Ronald G Schwartz, Ronald P Pedalino, Rongrong Hu, Ronnell A Hansen, Ronny A Cohen, Rory Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M Rivest, Sandra S Zier, Sandra Ahoud, Sandy Carr, Sanjay Ganapathi, Sanjay Shetty, Sanjeev Sharma, Santa Jimenez, Santhosh Satheesh, Santiago A Garcia, Sara Fernandez, Sara Karlsson, Sara Salkind, Sara Temiyasathit, Sarah Medina Rodriguez, Sarah Beaudry, Sarah Hadjih, Sarah Williams, Sarah Zahrani, Sarju Ralhan, Sasa Hinic, Sasko Kedev, Satinder Singh, Satoshi Yasuda, Satvic Cholenahally Manjunath, Sau Lee, Scott M Kaczkowski, Scott Kinlay, Sean W Hayes, Sebastian Sobczak, Senait Asier, Sergey A Sayganov, Seth I Sokol, Shaheen Pandie, Shaiful Azmi Yahaya, Shamir Mehta, Shao-Ping Nie, Sharad Chandra, Sharder Islam, Sharon Tai, Sheetal Rupesh Karwa, Sheri Ussery, Sheromani Bajaj, Sherron C Crook, Shigeyuki Nishimura, Shintaro Nakano, Shirin Heydari, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Shivali Patel, Shobana Ganesan, Shruti Pandey, Shuyang Zhang, Shweta Hande, Siddharth Gadage, Sik-Yin V Tan, Silvia Zottis Poletti, Silvia Riera, Silvia Valbuena, Simon Walsh, Simona Maspoli, Simone Savaris, Si-Ting Feng, So Yang Cho, Solomon Yakubov, Songlin Zhu, Songtao Wang, Sonia Guerrero, Sonika Gupta, Sonja Salinger Martinovic, Sonya Brons, Sorin Brener, Sothinathan Gurunathan, Souheil Saba, Soundarya Nayak, Sowjanya Reddy, Srinivasa Potluri, Sriram Sudarshan, Srun Kuanprasert, Stacie Van Oosterhout, Stamatios Lerakis, Stanley E Cobos, Stefan C Bertog, Stefan M Simović, Stefan Weikl, Stefano Di Marco, Stefano Provasoli, Stephanie A Tirado, Stephanie C Boer, Stephanie M Lane, Stephanie Ferket, Stephanie Kelly, Stephanie Wasmiller, Stephen H McKellar, Stephen P Hoole, Stephen Fremes, Stephen Preston, Steve Leung, Steven A Fein, Steven J Lindsay, Steven P Sedlis, Steven Giovannone, Steven Michael, Steven Weitz, Stijn van Vugt, Subhash Banerjee, Sudhir Naik, Suellen Hosino, Sukie Desire, Sukit Yamwong, Suku T Thambar, Sulagna Mookherjee, Suman Singh, Sundeep Mishra, Sunil Kumar Verma, Supap Kulthawong, Supatchara Khwakhong, Surendra Naik, Suresh Babu, Surin Woragidpoonpol, Suryaprakash Narayanappa, Susan Derbyshire, Susan Gent, Susan Mathus, Susan Milbrandt, Susan Moore, Susan Regan, Susan Stinson, Susan Webber, Susana Silva, Susanna Stevens, Susanne Gruensfelder, Suthara Aramcharoen, Suvarna Kolhe, Suzana Tavares, Suzanne Arnold, Suzanne Welsh, Svetlana Apostolovic, Swapna Kunhunny, Ta-Chuan Hung, Taissa Zappernick, Tali Sharir, Talita Silva, Tamara Colaiácovo Soares, Tapan Umesh Pillay, Tarun K Mittal, Tatiana Trifonova, Tauane Bello Duarte, Tauqir Huk, Téodora Dutoiu, Terrance Chua, Terry Weyand, Thabitha Charles, Theodoros Kofidis, Theresa McCreary, Thierry Lefevre, Thippeekaa Arumairajah, Thitipong Tepsuwan, Thomas J Mulhearn, Thomas M Meyer, Thomas P Rocco, Thomas R Downes, Thomas Crain, Thomas Haldis, Thomas Mathew, Thomas Redick, Thounaojam Indira Devi, Thuraia Nageh, Tia Cauthren, Tiago Silva, Tiffany Little, Tijana Andric, Tina Harding, Titus Lau, Tiziana Formisano, Tiziano Moccetti, Tomasz Ciurus, Tomasz Mazurek, Tomasz Tarchalski, Toshiyuki Nagai, Tri Tran, Tricia Youn, Trish Tucker, Trudie Milner, Tuhina Bose, Tushar Kotecha, Udo Sechtem, Uma S Valeti, Umberto Cucchini, Umesh Badami, Upendra Kaul, V K Bahl, V S Narain, Valentina Casali, Valeria Godoy, Valerie Robesyn, Vamshi P Priya, Vandana Yadav, Vera McKinney, Veronica De Lenges, Veronica Tinnirello, Vicente Miro, Victor Navarro, Victoria Gumerova, Victoria Hernandez, Vidya Seeratan, Vijay Kumar, Vikentiy Y Kozulin, Viktoria Bulkley, Vilmar Veiga Jr, Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits, Maron D.J., Hochman J.S., Reynolds H.R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S.M., Boden W.E., Chaitman B.R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K.P., Lopes R.D., Shaw L.J., Berger J.S., Newman J.D., Sidhu M.S., Goodman S.G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A.P., White H.D., Bhargava B., Min J.K., John Mancini G.B., Berman D.S., Picard M.H., Kwong R.Y., Ali Z.A., Mark D.B., Spertus J.A., Krishnan M.N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W.A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T.D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J.B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N.O., Harrell F.E., Rockhold F.W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D.O., Harrington R.A., Stone G.W., Rosenberg Y, and ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C Quinn, Maria A Alfonso, Maria Antonieta Pereira Moraes, María Dolores Martínez-Ruíz, María Fernanda Canales, Maria Inês Caetano, Maria P Corral, Maria Pérez García, Maria Victoria Actis, Maria Aguirre, Maria Andreasson, Maria Aprile, Maria Colton, Maria Eugenia Martin, Maria Lasala, Maria Lorenzo, Maria Posada, Maria Shier, Maria Thottam, Mariana V Furtado, Mariana Yumi Okada, Marianna D A Dracoulakis, Marianne De Andrade, Mariano Rubio, Marie Essermark, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Marija T Petrovic, Marija Zdravkovic, Marilyn Black, Marina Garcia, Mario J Garcia, Mariola Szulik, Marisa Orgera, Mark A de Belder, Mark Harbinson, Mark Hyun, Mark Peterson, Mark Xavier, Marlowe Mosley, Marta Capinha, Marta Marcinkiewicz-Siemion, Marta Swiderek, Martha Meyer, Martina Ceseri, Martina Tricoli, Marvin Kronenberg, Mary Williams, Mary Ann Champagne, Mary Colleen Rogge, Mary R Soltau, Mary Streif, Massimo Villella, Massoud Leesar, Matei Claudia, Mateusz Solecki, Matías Nicolás Mungo, Matthew Wall Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, Mohammed Hussain, Mohammed Saleem, Moisés Blanco-Calvo, Moisés Jiménez-Santos, Mona Bhatia, Monica Rosca, Monika Laukyte, Montserrat Gracida Blanca, Montserrat Vila Perales, Mouaz H Al-Mallah, Moysés de Oliveira Filho, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Muhamed Saric, Mulei Chen, Myriam Brousseau, Myrthes Emy Takiuti, Nada Cemerlic-Adjic, Nadia Asif, Nadia Gakou, Nafisa Hussain, Nana O Katamadze, Nancy L Clapp, Nancy Aedy, Nandita Nataraj, Nanette K Wenger, Naomi Uchida, Nasrul Ismail, Natalia S Oliveira, Natalia de Carvalho Maffei, Natalie Spitzer, Natasha C Putnam, Naved Aslam, Neamat Mowafy, Neeraj Pandit, Neeraj Parakh, Nevena Garcevic, Ngaire Meadows, Nhi N Tran, Nicholas Danchin, Nicki Lakeman, Nicola Johnston, Nicolas W Shammas, Nicole Saint Vrestil, Nicole Deming, Nier Zhong, Niket Patel, Nikola N Boskovic, Nikolaos Karogiannis, Nikos Werner, Nina Johnston, Ning Zhang, Ning Zhou, Niree Hindoyan, Nirmal Kumar, Nitika Chadha, Nitish Naik, Nodira Aripova, Noloyiso Mtana, Nona A Eskelson, Noor Syamira Mokhtar, Noppon Taksaudom, Nor Asiah Basri, Nora Marchelletta, Norma Hogg, Nungshi Jungla, Nuno Ferreira, Oksana A Lubyanaya, Olga B Nikolaeva, Olga Cañavate, Olga Sobrino, Olga Walesiak, Olga Walter, Olga Zdończyk, Olivia J Lim, Olivia Anaya, Olivia Mancilla, Olivier Dubourg, Olugbenga Bello, Omar Almousalli, Omar Thompson, Oni Olurinde, Or Harel, Osama Raheem, Oscar Méndiz, Óscar Prada-Delgado, Oz Shapira, P Christian Schulze, Pachara Panpunuan, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Pallav Garg, Paloma Moraga, Pam Singh, Pamela Julian, Pamela Ouyang, Pamela Sigel, Pamela Woodard, Panpan Zhou, Paola Emanuela Poggio, Paola Smanio, Paolo Calabro, Paramjit Jeetley, Pascal Goube, Patricia K Nguyen, Patricia Alarie, Patricia Arakelian, Patricia Arsenault, Patricia Blaise, Patricia Brito, Patricia Cowper, Patricia Endsley, Patricia Mieses, Patrick B Alexander, Patrick Donnelly, Patrick Wilmot, Patrycja Lebioda, Paul C Gordon, Paul Der Mesropian, Paul Galiwango, Paul Hauptman, Paul Kennedy, Paula Beardsley, Paula García-González, Paulo Cury Rezende, Paulo Ricardo Caramori, Pavel S Kozlov, Pedro Canas Silva, Pedro Gabriel Melo Barros E Silva, Pedro Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro Carvalho, Pedro Modas, Pedro Rio, Peeyush Jain, Peiyu He, Peter A McCullough, Peter H Stone, Peter M Pollak, Peter Douglass, Peter Henriksen, Peter OKane, Peter Ong, Philip Jones, Philip Rogal, Philippe Généreux, Philippe Menasche, Philippe Rheault, Phoebe Goold, Pierre Gervais, Pierre Michaud, Pilar Calvillo, Ping Chai, Piotr Jakubowski, Piotr Pruszczyk, Piotr Slomka, Piyamitr Sritara, Poay-Huan Loh, Poonam Sonawane, Pouneh Samadi, Pragnesh P Parikh, Prakash Deedwania, Pranav M Patel, Praneeth Polamuri, Pratiksha Sharma, Precilia Vasquez, Preeti Kamath, Prince Thomas, Priyadarshani Arambam, Puja K Mehta, Purvez Grant, Pushpa Naik, Qi Zhong, Qian Zhao, Qiang Zhou, Qianqian Yuan, Qin Yu, Qingxian Li, Qiulan Xie, Qiutang Zeng, R J Vindhya, R James Gerlach, Rachel King, Rada Vučić, Radmila Lyubarova, Radoslaw Pracon, Raewyn Fisher, Rafael Beyar, Rafael Diaz, Rafael Selgas, Raffaele Bugiardini, Raffaele Fanelli, Raisa Kavalakkat, V S Rajalekshmi, Rajat S Barua, Rajeev Menon, Rajesh Gopalan Nair, Rajesh Francis, Rajiv Narang, Rakesh Yadav, Ralph Alan Huston, T Ramakrishnan, Ramesh de Silva, Rami El Mahmoud, Ramiro Carvalho, Ramon de Jesús-Pérez, Ramona Stevens, Ran Leng, Ranjan Kachru, Ranjit Kumar Nath, Raquel Sanchez, Raven R Dwyer, Raven Lee, Ray Wyman, Raymond C Wong, Raymond W Little, Raymundo Ocaranza Sanchez, Rebecca J Wimmer, Rebecca Bariciano, Rebecca Otis, Rebekah R Herrmann, Reem Yunis, Reinette Hampson, Renato Abdala Karam, Renee C Hessian, Renee Kaneshiro, Reshma Ravindran, Reto Andreas Gamma, Reyna Bhandari, Reza Arsanjani, Ricardo L Lopes, Ricardo Mendes Oliveira, Ricardo Costa, Richa Bhatt, Richard F Davies, Richard H J Trimlett, Richard Goldweit, Rik Hermanides, Rine Nakanishi, Rinu R Sidh, Risha Patel, Rita Coram, Rizwan A Siddiqui, Rob S Beanlands, Robert J Hamburger, Robert K Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Bojar, Robert Chilton, Robert Guyton, Robert Henderson, Robert Kornberg, Robert Leber, Robert Mao, Robert Stenberg, Roberta P Santos, Roberto René Favaloro, Roberto Amati, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rodrigo J Cerci, Rogerio Tumelero, Rohit Tandon, Roma Tewari, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Ron Wald, Ronald A Mastouri, Ronald G Morford, Ronald G Schwartz, Ronald P Pedalino, Rongrong Hu, Ronnell A Hansen, Ronny A Cohen, Rory Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M Rivest, Sandra S Zier, Sandra Ahoud, Sandy Carr, Sanjay Ganapathi, Sanjay Shetty, Sanjeev Sharma, Santa Jimenez, Santhosh Satheesh, Santiago A Garcia, Sara Fernandez, Sara Karlsson, Sara Salkind, Sara Temiyasathit, Sarah Medina Rodriguez, Sarah Beaudry, Sarah Hadjih, Sarah Williams, Sarah Zahrani, Sarju Ralhan, Sasa Hinic, Sasko Kedev, Satinder Singh, Satoshi Yasuda, Satvic Cholenahally Manjunath, Sau Lee, Scott M Kaczkowski, Scott Kinlay, Sean W Hayes, Sebastian Sobczak, Senait Asier, Sergey A Sayganov, Seth I Sokol, Shaheen Pandie, Shaiful Azmi Yahaya, Shamir Mehta, Shao-Ping Nie, Sharad Chandra, Sharder Islam, Sharon Tai, Sheetal Rupesh Karwa, Sheri Ussery, Sheromani Bajaj, Sherron C Crook, Shigeyuki Nishimura, Shintaro Nakano, Shirin Heydari, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Shivali Patel, Shobana Ganesan, Shruti Pandey, Shuyang Zhang, Shweta Hande, Siddharth Gadage, Sik-Yin V Tan, Silvia Zottis Poletti, Silvia Riera, Silvia Valbuena, Simon Walsh, Simona Maspoli, Simone Savaris, Si-Ting Feng, So Yang Cho, Solomon Yakubov, Songlin Zhu, Songtao Wang, Sonia Guerrero, Sonika Gupta, Sonja Salinger Martinovic, Sonya Brons, Sorin Brener, Sothinathan Gurunathan, Souheil Saba, Soundarya Nayak, Sowjanya Reddy, Srinivasa Potluri, Sriram Sudarshan, Srun Kuanprasert, Stacie Van Oosterhout, Stamatios Lerakis, Stanley E Cobos, Stefan C Bertog, Stefan M Simović, Stefan Weikl, Stefano Di Marco, Stefano Provasoli, Stephanie A Tirado, Stephanie C Boer, Stephanie M Lane, Stephanie Ferket, Stephanie Kelly, Stephanie Wasmiller, Stephen H McKellar, Stephen P Hoole, Stephen Fremes, Stephen Preston, Steve Leung, Steven A Fein, Steven J Lindsay, Steven P Sedlis, Steven Giovannone, Steven Michael, Steven Weitz, Stijn van Vugt, Subhash Banerjee, Sudhir Naik, Suellen Hosino, Sukie Desire, Sukit Yamwong, Suku T Thambar, Sulagna Mookherjee, Suman Singh, Sundeep Mishra, Sunil Kumar Verma, Supap Kulthawong, Supatchara Khwakhong, Surendra Naik, Suresh Babu, Surin Woragidpoonpol, Suryaprakash Narayanappa, Susan Derbyshire, Susan Gent, Susan Mathus, Susan Milbrandt, Susan Moore, Susan Regan, Susan Stinson, Susan Webber, Susana Silva, Susanna Stevens, Susanne Gruensfelder, Suthara Aramcharoen, Suvarna Kolhe, Suzana Tavares, Suzanne Arnold, Suzanne Welsh, Svetlana Apostolovic, Swapna Kunhunny, Ta-Chuan Hung, Taissa Zappernick, Tali Sharir, Talita Silva, Tamara Colaiácovo Soares, Tapan Umesh Pillay, Tarun K Mittal, Tatiana Trifonova, Tauane Bello Duarte, Tauqir Huk, Téodora Dutoiu, Terrance Chua, Terry Weyand, Thabitha Charles, Theodoros Kofidis, Theresa McCreary, Thierry Lefevre, Thippeekaa Arumairajah, Thitipong Tepsuwan, Thomas J Mulhearn, Thomas M Meyer, Thomas P Rocco, Thomas R Downes, Thomas Crain, Thomas Haldis, Thomas Mathew, Thomas Redick, Thounaojam Indira Devi, Thuraia Nageh, Tia Cauthren, Tiago Silva, Tiffany Little, Tijana Andric, Tina Harding, Titus Lau, Tiziana Formisano, Tiziano Moccetti, Tomasz Ciurus, Tomasz Mazurek, Tomasz Tarchalski, Toshiyuki Nagai, Tri Tran, Tricia Youn, Trish Tucker, Trudie Milner, Tuhina Bose, Tushar Kotecha, Udo Sechtem, Uma S Valeti, Umberto Cucchini, Umesh Badami, Upendra Kaul, V K Bahl, V S Narain, Valentina Casali, Valeria Godoy, Valerie Robesyn, Vamshi P Priya, Vandana Yadav, Vera McKinney, Veronica De Lenges, Veronica Tinnirello, Vicente Miro, Victor Navarro, Victoria Gumerova, Victoria Hernandez, Vidya Seeratan, Vijay Kumar, Vikentiy Y Kozulin, Viktoria Bulkley, Vilmar Veiga Jr, Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
Published: 2020

55. A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED SINGLE-BLIND STUDY COMPARING ALPRAZOLAM VERSUS CLONIDINE AND PREGABALIN AS PREANAESTHETIC MEDICATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE LOWER LIMB SURGERIES

Author: MOHD FAZAL AHMED MAKKI, SEEMA RANI, SANJEEV KUMAR, PRANAV BANSAL, RAHUL SAINI, and ABHINAV GOYAL
Subjects: Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract: Objective: The objective of the study was to study comparison of alprazolam versus clonidine and pregabalin as pre-anesthetic medication in patients undergoing elective lower limb surgeries. Methods: The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of alprazolam 0.5 mg, clonidine 100 μg, and pregabalin 75 mg as premedicant drugs for the reduction of pre-operative anxiety. 90 patients of ASA Grades I and II, between 18 and 60 years, of either sex, undergoing elective lower limb surgery were divided into three groups of 30 patients each. Baseline anxiety level and level after 2 h of the drug were assessed. Side effects due to drugs were noted before going to OT (Post drug, i.e., 2 h after drug administration), after the completion of the surgery, and at 24 h. Results: There is a significant post-drug reduction in s-STAI score, t-STAI score, and CGI score when compared to baseline values in all the Group’s A, C, and P. Side effects were mild and there were no serious adverse effects observed in all three groups. In Group A, 10% of patients complained of fatigue while in Group C, 13.3% of patients complained of dryness of mouth, and 10% of patients complained of headache 2 h post drug administration but in Group P, no side effect was noted. Conclusion: Premedication with 0.5 mg alprazolam, 100 μg clonidine, and 75 mg pregabalin for control of pre-operative anxiety was comparable though pregabalin offered a significant advantage in terms of less side effects.
Published: 2022

56. County-Level Social Vulnerability is Associated With In-Hospital Death and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry

Author: Shabatun J. Islam, Gargya Malla, Robert W. Yeh, Arshed A. Quyyumi, Dhruv S. Kazi, Wei Tian, Yang Song, Aditi Nayak, Anurag Mehta, Yi-An Ko, James A. de Lemos, Fatima Rodriguez, Abhinav Goyal, and Rishi K. Wadhera
Subjects: Adult, Social Vulnerability, COVID-19, American Heart Association, Middle Aged, United States, Cardiovascular Diseases, Ethnicity, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Registries, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Pandemics, Minority Groups
Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected low-income and racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States. However, it is unknown whether hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from socially vulnerable communities experience higher rates of death and/or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Thus, we evaluated the association between county-level social vulnerability and in-hospital mortality and MACE in a national cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: Our study population included patients with COVID-19 in the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry across 107 US hospitals between January 14, 2020 to November 30, 2020. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a composite measure of community vulnerability developed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was used to classify the county-level social vulnerability of patients’ place of residence. We fit a hierarchical logistic regression model with hospital-level random intercepts to evaluate the association of SVI with in-hospital mortality and MACE. Results: Among 16 939 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the registry, 5065 (29.9%) resided in the most vulnerable communities (highest national quartile of SVI). Compared with those in the lowest quartile of SVI, patients in the highest quartile were younger (age 60.2 versus 62.3 years) and more likely to be Black adults (36.7% versus 12.2%) and Medicaid-insured (31.1% versus 23.0%). After adjustment for demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity) and insurance status, the highest quartile of SVI (compared with the lowest) was associated with higher likelihood of in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.25 [1.03–1.53]; P =0.03) and MACE (OR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.05–1.50]; P =0.01). These findings were not attenuated after accounting for clinical comorbidities and acuity of illness on admission. Conclusions: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 residing in more socially vulnerable communities experienced higher rates of in-hospital mortality and MACE, independent of race, ethnicity, and several clinical factors. Clinical and health system strategies are needed to improve health outcomes for socially vulnerable patients.
Published: 2022

57. Corporate governance, life cycle, and payout precommitment: An emerging market study

Author: Thomas Flavin, Abhinav Goyal, and Thomas O’Connor
Subjects: 040101 forestry, 050208 finance, media_common.quotation_subject, Corporate governance, 05 social sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Monetary economics, Good governance, Shareholder, Accounting, Debt, 0502 economics and business, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Dividend, Precommitment, Endogeneity, Business, Emerging markets, Finance, media_common
Abstract: We analyze the role of firm-level corporate governance in determining the precommitment payout policy of emerging market firms and investigate if there is a precommitment lifecycle effect. Unlike previous studies for the U.S. firms, we only find evidence of precommitment among relatively well-governed firms, who combine good governance with large dividend payouts to shareholders and large debt-related repayments to creditors. We also document a strong precommitment lifecycle effect. Firms in the growth and mature stages of their lifecycle tend to use both debt and dividends to precommit to investors, with an increasing proportion of dividends in total payout measures. Our results are robust to an array of control variables, alternate payout proxies and market setting, firm-level corporate governance and addresses any potential endogeneity concerns in the sample.
Published: 2021

58. Automatic and Reliable Quantification of Tonic Dopamine Concentrations In Vivo Using a Novel Probabilistic Inference Method

Author: Abhijeet S. Barath, Kendall H. Lee, Yoonbae Oh, Jason Yuen, Aaron E. Rusheen, J. Blair Price, Juan M. Rojas Cabrera, Danielle E. Jondal, Abhinav Goyal, Jaekyung Kim, Charles D. Blaha, Hojin Shin, and Dong Pyo Jang
Subjects: Signal processing, Computer science, General Chemical Engineering, Inference, Statistical model, General Chemistry, Signal, Article, Chemistry, In vivo, Log-normal distribution, Tonic (music), Sensitivity (control systems), Biological system, QD1-999
Abstract: Dysregulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is implicated in several neuropsychiatric conditions. Multiple-cyclic square-wave voltammetry (MCSWV) is a state-of-the-art technique for measuring tonic DA levels with high sensitivity (
Published: 2021

59. Mapping internal strain fields of fused filament fabrication metal filled polylactic acid structure using digital volume correlation

Author: Abhinav Goyal, Cristofaro S Timpano, and Garrett W Melenka
Subjects: Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites
Abstract: With the advancement in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), its application is increasing widely across different industries such as aeronautical, biomedical, robotics, etc. The internal structure is becoming more complex and intricate with varying materials of reinforcement which are used to improve mechanical properties. Current measurement techniques like Digital Image Correlation (DIC) are non-destructive testing methods that do not provide enough information on the behaviour of internal microstructure for anisotropic FFF materials. Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) is non-destructive testing technique which provides full field internal 3D deformation and strain fields. Copper particle filled PLA samples manufactured using FFF method with 20, 40, 60 and 80 infill percentages were loaded in tension inside Micro-CT. X-rays were passed through the sample to get a volumetric dataset for different loadings. Using DVC method on the dataset, internal displacement and strain fields were generated for 20, 40, 60 and 80 infill percentage FFF sample.
Published: 2023

60. Advances in neurochemical measurements: A review of biomarkers and devices for the development of closed-loop deep brain stimulation systems

Author: Yoonbae Oh, Kevin E. Bennet, Su Youne Chang, Hojin Shin, J. Blair Price, Kendall H. Lee, Danielle E. Jondal, Abhijeet S. Barath, Charles D. Blaha, Abhinav Goyal, Aaron E. Rusheen, and Juan M. Rojas Cabrera
Subjects: Deep brain stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, Disease, Tourette syndrome, Article, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurochemical, Dopamine, medicine, QD1-999, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, closed-loop, voltammetry, business.industry, medicine.disease, electrophysiology, Neuromodulation (medicine), deep brain stimulation, Chemistry, Electrophysiology, electrochemistry, neuromodulation, business, Neuroscience, Closed loop, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Neurochemical recording techniques have expanded our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, as well as the mechanisms of action of treatment modalities like deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS is used to treat diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, among others. Although DBS is effective at alleviating symptoms related to these diseases and improving the quality of life of these patients, the mechanism of action of DBS is currently not fully understood. A leading hypothesis is that DBS modulates the electrical field potential by modifying neuronal firing frequencies to non-pathological rates thus providing therapeutic relief. To address this gap in knowledge, recent advances in electrochemical sensing techniques have given insight into the importance of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and adenosine, in disease pathophysiology. These studies have also highlighted their potential use in tandem with electrophysiology to serve as biomarkers in disease diagnosis and progression monitoring, as well as characterize response to treatment. Here, we provide an overview of disease-relevant neurotransmitters and their roles and implications as biomarkers, as well as innovations to the biosensors used to record these biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss currently available neurochemical and electrophysiological recording devices, and discuss their viability to be implemented into the development of a closed-loop DBS system.
Published: 2020

61. Quality of Care Among Patients with Diabetes and Cerebrovascular Disease. Insights from The Diabetes Collaborative Registry

Author: Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, Alexander Turchin, Robert S. Rosenson, Gregg C. Fonarow, Abhinav Goyal, James A. de Lemos, and Suzanne V. Arnold
Subjects: Glycated Hemoglobin, General Medicine, Coronary Artery Disease, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fibrinolytic Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Thiazolidinediones, Registries, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
Abstract: Although secondary cardiovascular prevention is a focus among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral artery disease (PAD), the application of guideline-recommended therapy in T2D patients and isolated cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) remains unknown.In a US outpatient registry, T2D patients with established cardiovascular disease from 2014-2018 were categorized as: isolated CeVD, CeVD plus CAD or PAD, or isolated CAD/PAD. In each group, we determined the proportion with optimal secondary prevention (hemoglobin [Hb]AOur study included 727,467 T2D outpatients with cardiovascular disease (isolated CeVD [n = 99,777], CeVD plus CAD/PAD [n = 158,361], isolated CAD/PAD [n = 469,329]). Compared with isolated CAD/PAD patients, isolated CeVD patients more often had an HbAAmong T2D patients, those with isolated CeVD had the lowest rates of secondary cardiovascular prevention goals attainment. More focus is needed on secondary prevention in patients with CeVD.
Published: 2022

62. Impact of Palliative Care Utilization for Surgical Patients Receiving Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: National Trends (2009–2013)

Author: Abhinav Goyal, Howard L. Corwin, Kevin W. Sexton, Kshitij Chatterjee, Sarah E. Harrington, and Ronald D. Robertson
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, Leadership and Management, medicine.medical_treatment, Length of hospitalization, 03 medical and health sciences, High morbidity, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, National trends, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Mechanical ventilation, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Palliative Care, Length of Stay, Respiration, Artificial, Long-term care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency medicine, 0305 other medical science, business, Surgical patients
Abstract: Patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) have high morbidity and mortality. Providing palliative care has been suggested as a way to improve comprehensive management. The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to identify predictors for palliative care utilization and the association with hospital length of stay (LOS) among surgical patients requiring prolonged MV (≥ 96 consecutive hours).National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data 2009-2013 was used to identify adults (age ≥ 18) who had a surgical procedure and required prolonged MV (≥ 96 consecutive hours), as well as patients who also had a palliative care encounter. Outcomes were palliative care utilization and association with hospital LOS.Utilization of palliative care among surgical patients with prolonged MV increased yearly, from 5.7% in 2009 to 11.0% in 2013 (p0.001). For prolonged MV surgical patients who died, palliative care increased from 15.8% in 2009 to 33.2% in 2013 (p0.001). Median hospital LOS for patients with and without palliative care was 16 and 18 days, respectively (p0.001). Patients discharged to either short or long term care facilities had a shorter LOS if palliative care was provided (20 vs. 24 days, p0.001). Factors associated with palliative care utilization included older age, malignancy, and teaching hospitals. Non-Caucasian race was associated with less palliative care utilization.Among surgical patients receiving prolonged MV, palliative care utilization is increasing, although it remains low. Palliative care is associated with shorter hospital LOS for patients discharged to short or long term care facilities.
Published: 2020

63. Temporary Emergency Guidance to STEMI Systems of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Timothy D. Henry, Hani Jneid, Abhinav Goyal, Christopher B. Granger, Venu Menon, Michael Redlener, Mark Bieniarz, James G. Jollis, Jason N. Katz, Patricia J.M. Best, Alice K. Jacobs, General Cardiology, Gregg C. Fonarow, Murtuza J. Ali, Lori Hollowell, Jessica K. Zègre-Hemsey, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, William J. French, Mauricio G. Cohen, and Peter J. Mason
Subjects: Consensus, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medicine.medical_treatment, Pneumonia, Viral, Cardiology, Risk Assessment, STEMI, Betacoronavirus, Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Pandemics, Occupational Health, Host Microbial Interactions, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, percutaneous coronary intervention, COVID-19, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Frame of Reference, American Heart Association, Prognosis, medicine.disease, United States, Perspective, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Cardiology Service, Hospital, Patient Safety, Medical emergency, Coronavirus Infections, Emergency Service, Hospital, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Delivery of Health Care
Published: 2020

64. Functionally distinct high and low theta oscillations in the human hippocampus

Author: Sameer A. Sheth, Ashwini Sharan, Joel M. Stein, Jonathan P. Miller, Chengyuan Wu, Michael R. Sperling, Bradley C. Lega, Salman E. Qasim, Catherine A. Schevon, Cory S. Inman, Honghui Zhang, Andrew J. Watrous, Jon T. Willie, Abhinav Goyal, Elliot H. Smith, Jui Jui Lin, Joshua J. Jacobs, Robert E. Gross, and Guy M. McKhann
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Hippocampus, Hippocampal formation, Spatial memory, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Learning and memory, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rhythm, Task Performance and Analysis, Humans, Theta Rhythm, lcsh:Science, Electrodes, Episodic memory, Spatial Memory, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Oscillation, Cognition, General Chemistry, Middle Aged, Electrophysiology, 030104 developmental biology, Female, lcsh:Q, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Based on rodent models, researchers have theorized that the hippocampus supports episodic memory and navigation via the theta oscillation, a ~4–10 Hz rhythm that coordinates brain-wide neural activity. However, recordings from humans have indicated that hippocampal theta oscillations are lower in frequency and less prevalent than in rodents, suggesting interspecies differences in theta’s function. To characterize human hippocampal theta, we examine the properties of theta oscillations throughout the anterior–posterior length of the hippocampus as neurosurgical subjects performed a virtual spatial navigation task. During virtual movement, we observe hippocampal oscillations at multiple frequencies from 2 to 14 Hz. The posterior hippocampus prominently displays oscillations at ~8-Hz and the precise frequency of these oscillations correlates with the speed of movement, implicating these signals in spatial navigation. We also observe slower ~3 Hz oscillations, but these signals are more prevalent in the anterior hippocampus and their frequency does not vary with movement speed. Our results converge with recent findings to suggest an updated view of human hippocampal electrophysiology. Rather than one hippocampal theta oscillation with a single general role, high- and low-frequency theta oscillations, respectively, may reflect spatial and non-spatial cognitive processes., We show that the human hippocampus exhibits two distinct theta oscillations during spatial navigation with the faster oscillation in posterior regions showing movement modulation. This result suggests a distinct feature of the human hippocampus compared to rodents, which generally show a single 8 Hz rhythm.
Published: 2020

65. Anti-Collusion Leniency Programs and the Pricing of IPOs: International Evidence

Author: Huu Nhan Duong, Abhinav Goyal, and Leon Zolotoy
Published: 2022

66. Inventory model with multivariate demand and piecewise ordering cost function

Author: Shilpy Tayal, S. R. Singh, and Abhinav Goyal
Published: 2022

67. Litigation Risk and IPO Underpricing: Evidence from Federal Judge Ideology

Author: Yangyang Chen, Abhinav Goyal, Madhu Veeraraghavan, and Leon Zolotoy
Published: 2022

68. Tonic Serotonin Measurements In Vivo Using N-Shaped Multiple Cyclic Square Wave Voltammetry

Author: Rohan Jha, J. Hudson Barnett, Kendall H. Lee, Yumin Kang, Aaron E. Rusheen, Sang Mun Hwang, Michael L. Heien, Charles D. Blaha, Abhinav Goyal, Cheonho Park, Hojin Shin, Dong Pyo Jang, Kevin E. Bennet, Yoonbae Oh, Jason Yuen, and Hyun-U Cho
Subjects: Brain Chemistry, Serotonin, Chemistry, Dopamine, Dopaminergic, Ascorbic acid, Serotonergic, Article, Analytical Chemistry, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, In vivo, medicine, Biophysics, Tonic (music), Animals, Reuptake inhibitor, Microelectrodes, medicine.drug
Abstract: Here, we present the development of a novel voltammetric technique, N-shaped multiple cyclic square wave voltammetry (N-MCSWV) and its application in vivo. It allows quantitative measurements of tonic extracellular levels of serotonin in vivo with mitigated fouling effects. N-MCSWV enriches the electrochemical information by generating high dimensional voltammograms, which enables high sensitivity and selectivity against 5-hydroindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), histamine, ascorbic acid, norepinephrine, adenosine, and pH. Using N-MCSWV, in combination with PEDOT:Nafion-coated carbon fiber microelectrodes, a tonic serotonin concentration of 52 ± 5.8 nM (n = 20 rats, ±SEM) was determined in the substantia nigra pars reticulata of urethane-anesthetized rats. Pharmacological challenges with dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic synaptic reuptake inhibitors supported the ability of N-MCSWV to selectively detect tonic serotonin levels in vivo. Overall, N-MCSWV is a novel voltammetric technique for analytical quantification of serotonin. It offers continuous monitoring of changes in tonic serotonin concentrations in the brain to further our understanding of the role of serotonin in normal behaviors and psychiatric disorders.
Published: 2021

69. Left Ventricular Strain from Myocardial Perfusion Positron Emission Tomography imaging: Method Development and Comparison to 2-Dimensional Echocardiography

Author: Jingwen, Huang, Adam J, Mitchell, Ernest V, Garcia, C David, Cooke, Russell, Folks, Maria, Pernetz, Abhinav, Goyal, Marina, Piccinelli, and Jonathon A, Nye
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Published: 2022

70. Abstract 12208: Ecological Analysis of the Temporal Trends in the Association of Social Vulnerability and Race/Ethnicity With County-Level COVID-19 Incidence and Outcomes in the United States

Author: Shabatun Islam, Aditi Nayak, Yingtian Hu, Anurag Mehta, Katherine Dieppa, Zakaria Almuwaqqat, Yi-An Ko, Shivani Patel, Abhinav Goyal, Samaah Sullivan, Tene Lewis, Viola Vaccarino, Alanna A Morris, and Arshed A Quyyumi
Subjects: Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected socially vulnerable and minority communities in the US initially, but the temporal trends during the year-long pandemic remain unknown. Objective: We examined temporal association between county-level Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a percentile-based measure of social vulnerability to disasters, its subcomponents and race/ethnic composition with COVID-19 incidence and mortality in US in the year starting in March 2020. Methods: Counties (n=3091) with > 50 COVID-19 cases by March 6th, 2021 were included. Associations between SVI (and its subcomponents) and county level racial composition with incidence and death per capita were assessed using a negative-binomial mixed-effects model. This model was used to examine potential time varying associations between weekly number of cases/deaths and SVI or racial composition. Data was adjusted for percentage of population aged ≥65 years, state level testing rate, county-level comorbidities, and environmental factors. Results: Higher SVI, indicative of greater social vulnerability, was independently associated with higher COVID-19 incidence (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] per-10 percentile increase:1.02, (95% CI 1.02, 1.03, p Conclusion: Except for winter “third wave” when majority White communities had highest incidence of cases, counties with greater social vulnerability and higher minority populations, experienced worse COVID-19 outcomes.
Published: 2021

71. Abstract 11078: Neighborhood Social Vulnerability is Associated with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Deaths Among Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19: An Analysis of the Aha Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry

Author: Shabatun Islam, Gargya Malla, Wei Tian, Yang Song, Dhruv S Kazi, Aditi Nayak, Anurag Mehta, Yi-An Ko, Arshed A Quyyumi, Robert W Yeh, Abhinav Goyal, and Rishi Wadhera
Subjects: Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected low-income and racial/ethnic minority populations in the US. However, it remains unclear whether hospitalized COVID-19 patients who live in socially vulnerable neighborhoods are more likely to experience major adverse cardiovascular events and/or death. We evaluated the association between neighborhood social vulnerability and in-hospital outcomes in a national cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Hypothesis: Among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, residence in socially vulnerable neighborhoods is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes. Methods: The American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry includes patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 107 hospitals in the US between January 14, 2020 to November 30, 2020. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a composite measure of community vulnerability developed by Center for Disease Control was used to classify the social vulnerability of patients’ place of residence defined by zip codes. We fit multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate the association between patient’s SVI and in-hospital death or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, defined as composite of all-cause death, MI, stroke, new onset heart failure, or cardiogenic shock). Results: Among 20,925 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the registry, 6083 (29.1%) resided in the most vulnerable communities (highest national quartile of SVI). Compared with those in lowest quartile of SVI, patients in the highest quartile were younger (mean age 59.8±17.7 versus 62.0±17.9), more likely to be women (47.1% vs. 43.2%), Black patients (36.1% vs. 13.3%), and less likely to have private insurance (29.0% vs. 39.1%). After adjusting for demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), insurance status, and comorbidities, the highest quartile of SVI (compared to lowest) was associated with higher likelihood of in-hospital MACE (OR [95% CI] 1.28 [1.12, 1.46], p Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who reside in more socially vulnerable neighborhoods experience higher rates of in-hospital MACE and death, independent of race and ethnicity.
Published: 2021

72. Do Investors Feedback Trade in the Bitcoin—And Why?

Author: Skander Slim, John W. Goodell, Rabaa Karaa, Abhinav Goyal, and Vasileios Kallinterakis
Subjects: Cryptocurrency, Series (mathematics), Volume, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Feedback trading, Asset allocation, Monetary economics, Market liquidity, Sentiment, Extant taxon, Liquidity, Economics, Futures contract, Bitcoin, Volume (compression), Positive feedback
Abstract: We empirically examine whether feedback traders are active in the Bitcoin and the extent to which their presence is affected by a series of noise-related factors (sentiment; volume; liquidity) at three different frequencies (hourly; daily; weekly) for the April 2013–July 2019 period based on Bitstamp data. Our findings suggest that positive feedback trading grows stronger for higher (hourly; daily) frequencies, with its presence manifesting itself mainly during periods of high/improving sentiment and high/rising volume/liquidity. Additional tests reveal that the significance of hourly feedback trading is identified during hours corresponding to the trading hours of major European/North American markets. Overall, our results confirm extant literature evidence on the prevalence of noise trading in cryptocurrencies, while further showcasing that the factors motivating feedback trading in other asset classes (equities; ETFs; futures) exhibit similar effects over the presence of feedback traders in the cryptocurrency market.
Published: 2021

73. S1429 Outcomes of Pyogenic Liver Abscess (PLA) on Mortality and Hospitalization Cost Amongst Patients With and Without Cirrhosis: 4-Year Retrospective Study Using National Inpatient Sample (2016 – 2019)

Author: Shiva Naidoo, Sriram B. Chowdary, Dhruv Lowe, Abhinav Goyal, Kishore Kumar, Divey Manocha, Duane Deivert, Soohwan Chun, Anil Singh, and Rahul Dalavai
Subjects: Hepatology, Gastroenterology
Published: 2022

74. S1428 Outcomes of Pyogenic Liver Abscess (PLA) on Mortality and Hospitalization Cost Amongst Patients With History of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): Retrospective Study Using NIS (2016 – 2019)

Author: Noor Mualla, Sriram B. Chowdary, Dhruv Lowe, Abhinav Goyal, Soohwan Chun, Kishore Kumar, Divey Manocha, Duane Deivert, Anil Singh, and Rahul Dalavai
Subjects: Hepatology, Gastroenterology
Published: 2022

75. S1121 Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Coagulopathy (COAG) Presenting With Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (NVUGIB) - 4-Year NIS Study (2016 -2019)

Author: Sriram B. Chowdary, Dhruv Lowe, Abhinav Goyal, Kishore Kumar, Divey Manocha, Birendra Amgai, Duane Deivert, and Swathi Gopishetty
Subjects: Hepatology, Gastroenterology
Published: 2022

76. S667 Outcomes of Difficult Airway (DA) Patients Presenting With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (UGIB): 4-Year Retrospective Study Using National Inpatient Sample (2016 – 2019)

Author: Sriram B. Chowdary, Dhruv Lowe, Abhinav Goyal, Divey Manocha, Soohwan Chun, Kishore Kumar, and Birendra Amgai
Subjects: Hepatology, Gastroenterology
Published: 2022

77. Societal secrecy and IPO underpricing

Author: Yangyang Chen, Andy C.W. Chui, Abhinav Goyal, and Madhu Veeraraghavan
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Strategy and Management, Business and International Management, Finance
Published: 2022

78. Polypharmacy and mortality association by chronic kidney disease status: The RE asons for G eographic A nd R acial D ifferences in S troke Study

Author: Michael Goodman, Abhinav Goyal, George Howard, Winn Cashion, William M. McClellan, Valerie Prince, David G. Kleinbaum, Paul Muntner, and Suzanne E. Judd
Subjects: Polypharmacy, medicine.medical_specialty, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Hazard ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Neurology, Internal medicine, Cohort, Epidemiology, medicine, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, business, Stroke, Kidney disease
Abstract: Many Americans take multiple medications simultaneously (polypharmacy). Polypharmacy's effects on mortality are uncertain. We endeavored to assess the association between polypharmacy and mortality in a large U.S. cohort and examine potential effect modification by chronic kidney disease (CKD) status. The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke cohort data (n = 29 627, comprised of U.S. black and white adults) were used. During a baseline home visit, pill bottle inspections ascertained medications used in the previous 2 weeks. Polypharmacy status (major [≥8 ingredients], minor [6-7 ingredients], and none [0-5 ingredients]) was determined by counting the total number of generic ingredients. Cox models (time-on-study and age-time-scale methods) assessed the association between polypharmacy and mortality. Alternative models examined confounding by indication and possible effect modification by CKD. Over 4.9 years median follow-up, 2538 deaths were observed. Major polypharmacy was associated with increased mortality in all models, with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals ranging from 1.22 (1.07-1.40) to 2.35 (2.15-2.56), with weaker associations in more adjusted models. Minor polypharmacy was associated with mortality in some, but not all, models. The polypharmacy-mortality association did not differ by CKD status. While residual confounding by indication cannot be excluded, in this large American cohort, major polypharmacy was consistently associated with mortality.
Published: 2021

79. In times of crisis does ownership matter? Liquidity extraction through dividends during the 2007-2009 financial crisis

Author: John W. Goodell, Wei Huang, and Abhinav Goyal
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Dividends, Agency cost, Institutional investor, Monetary economics, Foreign direct investment, Financial crises, Chinese capital markets, Market liquidity, Shareholder, Financial crisis, Economics, Dividend, Financial liquidity, Foreign equity ownership, Capital market, Finance
Abstract: Liquidity flow between regions with different levels of temporary financial constraints has received insufficient attention. This study takes advantage of a natural opportunity: Chinese capital markets clearly distinguish between foreign direct investment firms and firms with foreign institutional investment. Using the distinctive categorization of institutional holding structures in China, we find that foreign controlled enterprises were associated with an extraordinary increase in dividend payouts during the Global Financial Crisis, with concomitant underinvestment. Our results suggest that foreign-controlling shareholders extracted liquidity through dividends, highlighting a previously ignored channel for global transference of liquidity, with concomitant agency costs.
Published: 2021

80. Ecological Analysis of the Temporal Trends in the Association of Social Vulnerability and Race/Ethnicity with County-Level COVID-19 Incidence and Outcomes in the United States

Author: Katherine Dieppa, Samaah Sullivan, Anurag Mehta, Shivani A. Patel, Aditi Nayak, Zakaria Almuwaqqat, Viola Vaccarino, Alanna A. Morris, Shabatun J. Islam, Abhinav Goyal, Yi-An Ko, Yingtian Hu, Tené T. Lewis, and Arshed A. Quyyumi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Equity (economics), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, COVID-19, Health Status Disparities, Article, United States, Epidemiology, Pandemic, medicine, Ethnicity, Humans, Ecological analysis, business, Association (psychology), Social vulnerability, Pandemics, Demography
Abstract: BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the socially vulnerable and minority communities in the U.S. initially, but the temporal trends during the year-long pandemic remain unknown.ObjectiveWe examined the temporal association between the county-level Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a percentile-based measure of social vulnerability to disasters, its subcomponents and race/ethnic composition with COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the U.S. in the year starting in March 2020.MethodsCounties (n=3091) with ≥ 50 COVID-19 cases by March 6th, 2021 were included in the study. Associations between SVI (and its subcomponents) and county level racial composition with the incidence and death per capita were assessed by fitting a negative-binomial mixed-effects model. This model was also used to examine potential time varying associations between weekly number of cases/deaths and SVI or racial composition. Data was adjusted for percentage of population aged ≥65 years, state level testing rate, comorbidities using the average Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) score, and environmental factors including average fine particulate matter (PM2.5), temperature and precipitation.ResultsHigher SVI, indicative of greater social vulnerability, was independently associated with higher COVID-19 incidence (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] per-10 percentile increase:1.02, (95% CI 1.02, 1.03, pConclusionExcept for the winter “third wave” when majority White communities had the highest incidence of cases, counties with greater social vulnerability and proportionately higher minority populations, experienced worse COVID-19 outcomes.Article Summary/Strengths & LimitationsExamined full 12 months of county-level data in the US delineating the temporal trends in the association between social vulnerability index and COVID-19 outcomesInvestigated COVID-19 outcomes in predominantly Black and Hispanic communities in comparison to White communities in the USAnalysis is ecological, descriptive, and on the county-level rather than on an individual levelAnalysis adjusted for confounders including county level age ≥ 65, comorbidities, and environmental factorsAnalysis limited to the US
Published: 2021

81. Primary Gastric Adenosquamous Carcinoma: A Case Report

Author: Balraj Singh, Navroop Nagra, Abhinav Goyal, Sorab Gupta, Ragia Aly, and Sachin Gupta
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Gastric Adenosquamous Carcinoma, Adenosquamous carcinoma, Stomach cancer, Case Report, Pembrolizumab, Adenocarcinoma, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, Gastric adenocarcinoma, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, business.industry, Stomach, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Cancer, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, Gastric cancer
Abstract: Gastric adenosquamous carcinoma (GASC) is a rare variant of gastric cancer; the limited data available suggest that these tumors are more aggressive and have a worse outcome in comparison to gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, the management of GASC is similar to adenocarcinoma. We report a case of GASC that progressed rapidly despite treatment.
Published: 2020

82. Invariant patterns of clonal succession determine specific clinical features of myelodysplastic syndromes

Author: Mohammad Fahad B Asad, Tomas Radivoyevitch, Yuichi Shiraishi, Satoru Miyano, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Hassan Awada, Abhinav Goyal, Hiroko Tanaka, Kenichi Yoshida, Torsten Haferlach, Hiromichi Suzuki, Sudipto Mukherjee, Aziz Nazha, Kenichi Chiba, Bartlomiej P Przychodzen, Yasunobu Nagata, Thomas LaFramboise, Hideki Makishima, Seishi Ogawa, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Mai Aly, Teodora Kuzmanovic, Tetsuichi Yoshizato, and Cassandra M Kerr
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Myeloid, Somatic cell, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Exome Sequencing, Cancer genomics, medicine, Humans, lcsh:Science, Exome sequencing, Aged, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Myelodysplastic syndromes, Clonal architecture, General Chemistry, Phosphoproteins, Splicing Factor U2AF, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Hematopoiesis, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Leukemia, Treatment Outcome, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Primary Myelofibrosis, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, Female, lcsh:Q, RNA Splicing Factors, KRAS, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Myelodysplastic syndrome
Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) arise in older adults through stepwise acquisitions of multiple somatic mutations. Here, analyzing 1809 MDS patients, we infer clonal architecture by using a stringent, the single-cell sequencing validated PyClone bioanalytic pipeline, and assess the position of the mutations within the clonal architecture. All 3,971 mutations are grouped based on their rank in the deduced clonal hierarchy (dominant and secondary). We evaluated how they affect the resultant morphology, progression, survival and response to therapies. Mutations of SF3B1, U2AF1, and TP53 are more likely to be dominant, those of ASXL1, CBL, and KRAS are secondary. Among distinct combinations of dominant/secondary mutations we identified 37 significant relationships, of which 12 affect clinical phenotypes, 5 cooperatively associate with poor prognosis. They also predict response to hypomethylating therapies. The clonal hierarchy has distinct ranking and the resultant invariant combinations of dominant/secondary mutations yield novel insights into the specific clinical phenotype of MDS., Stepwise acquisition of mutations gives rise to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in older adults. Here, the authors infer the clonal hierarchy of 1809 MDS patients, revealing insights into the evolution of dominant/secondary mutations and how these impact clinical phenotypes like leukemic progression and therapy response.
Published: 2019

83. Internal capital market mergers in weak external market environment: An emerging market evidence

Author: Hong Zhang, Wei Huang, Abhinav Goyal, and Jason Laws
Subjects: China, Economics and Econometrics, 050208 finance, 05 social sciences, Internal capital market, Monetary economics, Tunnelling, Intervention (law), Corporate group, Accounting, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Market environment, M&A, 050207 economics, Emerging markets, Capital market, Finance, Related party
Abstract: Using Chinese split‐share structure reform as backdrop, we study the alternative theories explaining the change in objectives of internal capital markets (ICMs) after regulatory intervention. Focusing on related party merger and acquisitions, as the primary form of ICM transactions in China, we document significantly positive performance improvement among the acquiring firms around related party than nonrelated party merger and acquisitions in the period following the split‐share structure reform. This evidence is particularly stronger among acquirers with lower institutional shareholding. Our findings are invariant to the length of performance evaluation window, matched samples, model specifications, acquirers' ownership structure, and business group affiliations. After controlling for alternative channels of tunnelling and propping, contrary to the popular belief, our findings support the bright‐side view of ICMs postregulatory intervention in an emerging market set‐up.
Published: 2019

84. Media Coverage and IPO Pricing around the World

Author: Leon Zolotoy, Yangyang Chen, Madhu Veeraraghavan, and Abhinav Goyal
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Information asymmetry, media_common.quotation_subject, Adverse selection, Media coverage, Monetary economics, Intermediary, Shareholder, Accounting, 0502 economics and business, IPO pricing, 050207 economics, media_common, Finance, 050208 finance, Earnings, business.industry, Corporate governance, 05 social sciences, Censorship, Absolute return, Volatility (finance), business, Initial public offering
Abstract: We study how media coverage impacts pricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) around the world. Higher media coverage in the pre-IPO period leads to lower IPO initial returns. The effect is mitigated in countries with better financial reporting quality, greater shareholder rights protection, and more stringent media censorship, and for IPOs “certified” by reputable intermediaries, while it is amplified in countries with higher levels of media penetration and media trust. Further, IPOs with higher pre-IPO media coverage have lower ex post price revision volatility. Our findings suggest that higher pre-IPO media coverage reduces information asymmetry among investors, leading to less underpriced IPOs.
Published: 2019

85. Invariant phenotype and molecular association of biallelic TET2 mutant myeloid neoplasia

Author: Babal K. Jha, Bartlomiej P Przychodzen, Yasunobu Nagata, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cassandra M. Hirsch, Torsten Haferlach, Bhumika J. Patel, Mai Aly, Teodora Kuzmanovic, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Vera Adema, Mohamed E. Abazeed, Abhinav Goyal, Yihong Guan, Valeria Visconte, Louis Williams, Hassan Awada, Mohammad Fahad B Asad, Tomas Radivoyevitch, Aziz Nazha, and Wenyi Shen
Subjects: Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog, Myeloid, Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, Hematology, Hyperplasia, Biology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Molecular biology, Uniparental disomy, Haematopoiesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Monocytosis, medicine, KRAS
Abstract: Somatic TET2 mutations ( TET2 MT ) are frequent in myeloid neoplasia (MN), particularly chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). TET2 MT includes mostly loss-of-function/hypomorphic hits. Impaired TET2 activity skews differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells toward proliferating myeloid precursors. This study was prompted by the observation of frequent biallelic TET2 gene inactivations ( biTET2 i ) in CMML. We speculated that biTET2 i might be associated with distinct clinicohematological features. We analyzed TET2 MT in 1045 patients with MN. Of 82 biTET2 i cases, 66 were biTET2 MT , 13 were hemizygous TET2 MT , and 3 were homozygous TET2 MT (uniparental disomy); the remaining patients (denoted biTET2 − hereafter) were either monoallelic TET2 MT (n = 96) or wild-type TET2 (n = 823). Truncation mutations were found in 83% of biTET2 i vs 65% of biTET2 − cases ( P = .02). TET2 hits were founder lesions in 72% of biTET2 i vs 38% of biTET2 − cases ( P biTET2 i , significantly concurrent hits included SRSF2 MT (33%; P KRAS / NRAS MT (16%; P = .03) as compared with biTET2 − . When the first TET2 hit was ancestral in biTET2 i , the most common subsequent hits affected a second TET2 MT , followed by SRSF2 MT , ASXL1 MT , RAS MT , and DNMT3A MT . BiTET2 i patients without any monocytosis showed an absence of S RSF2 MT . BiTET2 i patients were older and had monocytosis, CMML, normal karyotypes, and lower-risk disease compared with biTET2 − patients. Hence, while a second TET2 hit occurred frequently, biTET2 i did not portend faster progression but rather determined monocytic differentiation, consistent with its prevalence in CMML. Additionally, biTET2 i showed lower odds of cytopenias and marrow blasts (≥5%) and higher odds of myeloid dysplasia and marrow hypercellularity. Thus, biTET2 i might represent an auxiliary assessment tool in MN.
Published: 2019

86. Usefulness of Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Author: Lisa A. Kaltenbach, Pearl Zakroysky, Patrícia O. Guimarães, Renato D. Lopes, Abhinav Goyal, and Tracy Y. Wang
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Prasugrel, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrinolytic Agents, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, Antithrombotic, medicine, Humans, Registries, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aspirin, business.industry, Anticoagulants, Retrospective cohort study, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, United States, Stroke, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Ticagrelor, medicine.drug
Abstract: To examine patterns of preadmission and discharge antithrombotic therapies in coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we performed a retrospective analysis of the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With the Guidelines (ACTION Registry-GWTG), which captures consecutive AMI patients treated at participating US hospitals. We included patients with CAD, AF, and CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 admitted for AMI (07/01/2013-09/30/2016). In the 15,034 AMI patients with previous AF and CAD, median age was 75; 32% were female. Preadmission, 32% of patients were on P2Y12 inhibitors, 36% were anticoagulated, 72% were on aspirin, and 5% were on triple therapy. At discharge post-AMI, 73% were prescribed P2Y12 inhibitors and 41% anticoagulation. Discharge anticoagulation use did not vary directly with CHA2DS2-VASc score; 16% of previously anticoagulated patients had discontinued anticoagulation at discharge. In patients receiving anticoagulants at discharge, 27% used nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. Triple therapy was prescribed in 23% at discharge; 27% of these were with nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and 14% with prasugrel or ticagrelor. P2Y12 inhibitors and anticoagulants without aspirin were used in 2%. In conclusion, patients with previous CAD and AF are undertreated for both recurrent ischemic events and stroke prevention. After AMI hospitalization, P2Y12 inhibition was preferentially selected over oral anticoagulation.
Published: 2019

87. Echocardiographic and Hemodynamic Parameters Associated with Diminishing Renal Filtration among Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Author: Kene Mezue, Janani Rangaswami, Parasuram Krishnamoorthy, Mahek Shah, Gregg S. Pressman, Pradhum Ram, Abhinav Goyal, Shuchita Gupta, and Kevin Bryan Lo
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Heart Ventricles, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Cardiorenal syndrome, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Kidney, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Myocardial infarction, Pulmonary wedge pressure, Retrospective Studies, Heart Failure, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Hemodynamics, Stroke Volume, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Echocardiography, Ventricular assist device, Heart failure, Pulmonary artery, Ventricular Function, Right, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Follow-Up Studies, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: Background: Renal dysfunction is an important predictor of poor outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is implicated as one of the explanations for worsening renal function in cardiorenal syndrome. Novel right heart catheterization (RHC) parameters such as pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) and right atrial to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio (RA:PCWP) have been found as predictors of RV dysfunction. However, most studies investigating these parameters have been done in the setting of myocardial infarction or left ventricular assist device implantation, with limited data on these metrics in patients with HFpEF. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether novel RHC parameters such as RA:PCWP and PAPi correlate with long-term renal outcomes among patients with HFpEF. Methods: A retrospective single-center study of adult patients with a documented diagnosis of heart failure who had RHC was performed between January 2006 and December 2010 at Einstein Med ical Center Philadelphia. Selected patients also had a serum B-type natriuretic peptide level ≥100 pg/mL and a PCWP ≥15 mm Hg. Patients with an ejection fraction < 50%, including those with recovered ejection fraction, and end-stage renal disease were excluded. Results: A total of 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of HFpEF were identified who met the inclusion criteria. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiac index, PAPi was associated with long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (β = 3.43, 95% CI = 0.635–6.23, p = 0.017), and RA:PCWP showed a trend towards significance (β = 14.81, 95% CI = –0.096–29.73, p = 0.051). The results were unchanged after further adjustment for eGFR at the time of RHC. Conclusion: Novel hemodynamic indices obtained by RHC may have predictive value for long-term renal dysfunction in patients with HFpEF.
Published: 2018

88. Global board reforms and the pricing of IPOs

Author: Leon Zolotoy, Abhinav Goyal, and Yangyang Chen
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, Underpriced IPOs, Financial system, Certification, Independence, Intermediary, Shareholder, Accounting, Agency (sociology), Business, Global board reforms, Initial public offering, Finance, media_common
Abstract: We document that global board reforms are associated with a significant reduction in the underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs). The effect is amplified for IPOs with greater agency problems and mitigated for IPOs certified by reputable intermediaries, IPOs with greater disclosure specificity, and IPOs in countries with better shareholder protection and stringent financial reporting regulations. Furthermore, global board reforms have led to an improvement in the long-term market performance, proceeds, and subscription level of IPOs and have enhanced board independence in the issuing firms. Our findings suggest that global board reforms have strengthened board oversight in the issuing firms, leading to less underpriced IPOs.
Published: 2021

89. Market manipulation rules and IPO underpricing

Author: Vasileios Kallinterakis, Abhinav Goyal, Madhu Veeraraghavan, and Huu Nhan Duong
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Information asymmetry, Strategy and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, Market manipulation, Monetary economics, International Financial Reporting Standards, Intermediary, Shareholder, 0502 economics and business, IPO pricing, Quality (business), Business and International Management, Exchange trading rules, media_common, 040101 forestry, 050208 finance, 05 social sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Business, Listing (finance), Initial public offering, Finance
Abstract: Using a large sample of 13,459 initial public offerings (IPOs) from 37 countries, we find that trading rules on market manipulation reduce IPO underpricing. The effect is weaker for IPOs certified by reputable intermediaries, in countries with greater shareholder rights protection, better financial reporting quality, and after the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards. Better trading rules on market manipulation are also related to higher IPO proceeds, subscription-level, and trading volume, lower IPO listing fees, and better long-term post-IPO performance. Our findings are consistent with the notion that exchange trading rules mitigate information asymmetry problems for investors, resulting in lower IPO underpricing.
Published: 2021

90. Meta-Analysis of Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated With Coronary Stenting

Author: Laurence S. Sperling, Henry A. Liberman, Rhanderson Cardoso, Michael C. McDaniel, Marcelo F. Fernandes, Leonardo Knijnik, Abhinav Goyal, and Manuel Rivera
Subjects: Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, Hemorrhage, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, P2Y12, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Cause of Death, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Mortality, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Aspirin, Cochrane collaboration, Duration of Therapy, business.industry, Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy, Coronary stenting, Drug-Eluting Stents, medicine.disease, Meta-analysis, Cardiology, Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Major bleeding, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract: We aimed to evaluate if a shorter course of DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy is as effective as a 12-month course with fewer bleeding events. PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central were searched for randomized controlled trials of ACS patients comparing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for 1 to 3 months followed by a P2Y12 inhibitor to 12-month DAPT. Quality assessment was performed with the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias assessment tool. Five randomized clinical trials were included, with a total of 18,046 participants. Antiplatelet strategies were aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitor for 12 months compared with aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitor for 1 to 3 months followed by P212 inhibitor alone. Patients randomized to 1 to 3 months of DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy had lower rates of major bleeding (1.42% vs 2.53%; OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.42-0.67; p0.001; I
Published: 2021

91. The Cardiovascular Quality Improvement and Care Innovation Consortium: Inception of a Multicenter Collaborative to Improve Cardiovascular Care

Author: R. Kannan Mutharasan, Pam Rush, Divya Gupta, Sandeep R. Das, William E. Downey, Joy Gelbman, Ty J. Gluckman, P. Michael Ho, William B. Borden, Steven M. Bradley, Amit P. Amin, Satya Shreenivas, Craig Strauss, Abhinav Goyal, Umesh N. Khot, Srinath Adusumalli, Andrew E. Levy, and Joseph E. Ebinger
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Quality management, Scope (project management), business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Benchmarking, Quality Improvement, Patient satisfaction, Resource (project management), Nursing, Research Design, Health care, Medicine, Humans, Quality (business), Outcomes research, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Delivery of Health Care, media_common
Abstract: Despite decades of improvement in the quality and outcomes of cardiovascular care, significant gaps remain. Existing quality improvement strategies are often limited in scope to specific clinical conditions and episodic care. Health services and outcomes research is essential to inform gaps in care but rarely results in the development and implementation of care delivery solutions. Although individual health systems are engaged in projects to improve the quality of care delivery, these efforts often lack a robust study design or implementation evaluation that can inform generalizability and further dissemination. Aligning the work of health care systems and health services and outcomes researchers could serve as a strategy to overcome persisting gaps in cardiovascular quality and outcomes. We describe the inception of the Cardiovascular Quality Improvement and Care Innovation Consortium that seeks to rapidly improve cardiovascular care by (1) developing, implementing, and evaluating multicenter quality improvement projects using innovative care designs; (2) serving as a resource for quality improvement and care innovation partners; and (3) establishing a presence within existing quality improvement and care innovation structures. Success of the collaborative will be defined by projects that result in changes to care delivery with demonstrable impacts on the quality and outcomes of care across multiple health systems. Furthermore, insights gained from implementation of these projects across sites in Cardiovascular Quality Improvement and Care Innovation Consortium will inform and promote broad dissemination for greater impact.
Published: 2021

92. Trends in Diagnosis Related Groups for Inpatient Admissions and Associated Changes in Payment From 2012 to 2016

Author: Amir Yazdani, Abhinav Goyal, Karen E. Joynt Maddox, Steven M. Bradley, Tyler J Gluckman, Jason H. Wasfy, Andrew S. Oseran, Kateri J. Spinelli, Gary L. Grunkemeier, and Mansen Wang
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Comorbidity, Medicare, Severity of Illness Index, Reimbursement Mechanisms, Case mix index, Interquartile range, Acute care, Severity of illness, Medicine, Humans, Hospital Costs, Mortality, health care economics and organizations, Diagnosis-Related Groups, Inpatients, business.industry, Mortality rate, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Hospitalization, Emergency medicine, Female, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Importance Hospitals are reimbursed based on Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs), which are defined, in part, by patients having 1 or more complications or comorbidities within a given DRG family. Hospitals have made substantial investment in efforts to document these complications and comorbidities. Objective To examine temporal trends in DRGs with a major complication or comorbidity, compare these findings with 2 alternative measures of disease severity, and estimate associated changes in payment. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used data from the all-payer National Inpatient Sample for admissions assigned to 1 of the top 20 reimbursed DRG families at US acute care hospitals from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016. Data were analyzed from July 10, 2018, to May 29, 2019. Exposures Quarter year of hospitalization. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the proportion of DRGs with a major complication or comorbidity. Secondary outcomes were comorbidity scores, risk-adjusted mortality rates, and estimated payment. Changes in assigned DRGs, comorbidity scores, and risk-adjusted mortality rates were analyzed by linear regression. Payment changes were estimated for each DRG by calculating the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services weighted payment using 2012 and 2016 case mix and hospitalization counts. Results Between 2012 and 2016, there were 62 167 976 hospitalizations for the 20 highest-reimbursed DRG families; the sample was 32.9% male and 66.8% White, with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range, 31-73 years). Within 15 of these DRG families (75%), the proportion of DRGs with a major complication or comorbidity increased significantly over time. Over the same period, comorbidity scores were largely stable, with a decrease in 6 DRG families (30%), no change in 10 (50%), and an increase in 4 (20%). Among 19 DRG families with a calculable mortality rate, the risk-adjusted mortality rate significantly decreased in 8 (42%), did not change in 9 (47%), and increased in 2 (11%). The observed DRG shifts were associated with at least $1.2 billion in increased payment. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, between 2012 and 2016, the proportion of admissions assigned to a DRG with major complication or comorbidity increased for 15 of the top 20 reimbursed DRG families. This change was not accompanied by commensurate increases in disease severity but was associated with increased payment.
Published: 2020

93. Heart failure documentation in outpatients with diabetes and volume overload: an observational cohort study from the Diabetes Collaborative Registry

Author: Philip G. Jones, Leo Seman, Suzanne V. Arnold, Gregg C. Fonarow, Abhinav Goyal, Michael Beasley, and Jeanine M. Cordova
Subjects: Male, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Volume overload, Type 2 diabetes, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular, Coronary artery disease, Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors, Risk Factors, Outpatients, 80 and over, Electronic Health Records, Registries, Cardiac Output, Original Investigation, Aged, 80 and over, Diabetes, Atrial fibrillation, Loop diuretic, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Heart Disease, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Type 2, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Heart failure, Documentation, Risk Assessment, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Metabolic and endocrine, Aged, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Heart Failure, business.industry, Quality of care, medicine.disease, United States, Health Care, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, lcsh:RC666-701, Emergency medicine, Quality Indicators, business, Kidney disease
Abstract: Background Heart failure is a common and devastating complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Prompt recognition of heart failure may avert hospitalization, facilitate use of guideline-directed therapies, and impact choice of T2D medications. We sought to determine the rate and factors associated with heart failure documentation in T2D patients with evidence of volume overload requiring loop diuretics. Methods DCR is an on-going, prospective US registry of outpatient T2D patients from > 5000 cardiology, endocrinology, and primary care clinicians (current analysis used data from 2013–2019). Among T2D patients receiving loop diuretics, we examined the rate of chart documentation of heart failure. We used a 3-level hierarchical logistic regression model (patients nested within physician within practice) to examine factors associated with heart failure diagnosis. Results Among 1,322,640 adults with T2D, 225,125 (17.0%) were receiving a loop diuretic, of whom 91,969 (40.9%) had documentation of heart failure. Male sex, lower body mass index, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease were associated with greater odds of heart failure diagnosis. After accounting for patient factors, patients seen by cardiologists were the most likely to have HF documented followed by PCPs and then endocrinologists. Conclusions Among US outpatients with T2D, 17% of patients had evidence of volume overload—defined by loop diuretic prescription—of whom fewer than half had a clinical diagnosis of heart failure. While there may be non-heart failure indications for loop diuretics, our data suggest that a substantial proportion of T2D patients may have unrecognized heart failure and therefore could be missing opportunities for targeted therapies that could alter the clinical course of heart failure.
Published: 2020

94. COVID-19 or Common Coronavirus? A cautionary tale in advanced diagnostics

Author: Abhinav Goyal, David S Vadnais, Jesse T. Jacob, Colleen S. Kraft, Jessica Howard-Anderson, Andrew Webster, and James P. Steinberg
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, biology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Health Policy, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Medicine (miscellaneous), biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Article, Pandemic, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, Medicine, business, Coronavirus Infections, Betacoronavirus, Coronavirus
Published: 2020

95. A compact stereotactic system for image-guided surgical intervention

Author: Kendall H. Lee, Benjamin T. Gifford, Yoonbae Oh, Kevin E. Bennet, Charles D. Blaha, Abhinav Goyal, Aaron E. Rusheen, Abhijeet S. Barath, J. Hudson Barnett, and Stephan J. Goerss
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, Deep Brain Stimulation, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Computed tomography, 02 engineering and technology, Neurosurgical Procedures, Article, Stereotaxic Techniques, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Surgical time, 0302 clinical medicine, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, medicine, Humans, Image guidance, Surgical instrumentation, medicine.diagnostic_test, Phantoms, Imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, 020601 biomedical engineering, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Stereotaxy, Neurosurgery, Phantom studies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Objective. Stereotactic technology enables fine navigation to small structures in the human body. While current stereotactic systems facilitate accurate targeting, they are mechanically cumbersome and limited in scope. Here, we hypothesized that a stereotactic system could be developed with a reduced footprint while maintaining broad targeting capabilities in order to improve versatility in frame placement location and surgical workflow. Approach. We designed a stereotactic system around the center-of-arc principle, with mechanical properties that would enable a compact design and ample targeting and trajectory maneuverability. To examine the opportunity for a low-cost rapidly-deployable system we developed two fabrication variants, one using three dimensional (3D)-printing and the other using conventional machining. Mechanical and image-guided accuracies were tested in phantom studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography. Using human cadaver head specimens, we assessed the system’s surgical workflow and its ability to reliably and accurately implant electrodes in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Main results. We developed a small 7.7 × 5.4 cm2 device platform that rigidly mounts to curvilinear bone and supports the attachment of surgical instrumentation. Attachment of two surgical instruments, an imaging localizer and a compact targeting device, demonstrated successful MRI-guided intervention in phantom studies with a vector error of 1.79 ± 0.41 mm. Evaluation of the 3D-printed system for DBS surgery confirmed ease of device platform attachment and instrument functionality, as well as demonstrated a surgical targeting accuracy of 1.83 ± 0.15 mm. In addition, we found the surgical time to be 78.3 ± 5.4 min for bilateral electrode implantation. Significance. We developed a light and compact stereotactic system whose accuracy is on par with those used clinically. This technology is suitable for clinical translation and its flexibility in positioning will seamlessly expand the capabilities for stereotaxy to treat a wide range of conditions, both within neurosurgery and beyond.
Published: 2020

96. Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 Incidence and Outcomes in the United States

Author: Tené T. Lewis, Anurag Mehta, Abhinav Goyal, Yi-An Ko, Shivani A. Patel, Samaah Sullivan, Arshed A. Quyyumi, Aditi Nayak, Shabatun J. Islam, Viola Vaccarino, and Alanna A. Morris
Subjects: Percentile, education.field_of_study, 030505 public health, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Population, 1. No poverty, Psychological intervention, Ecological study, Article, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Case fatality rate, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, education, business, Socioeconomic status, Social vulnerability, Demography
Abstract: ImportancePrior pandemics have disparately affected socially vulnerable communities. Whether regional variations in social vulnerability to disasters influence COVID-19 outcomes and incidence in the U.S. is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association of Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a percentile-based measure of county-level social vulnerability to disasters, and its sub-components (socioeconomic status, household composition, minority status, and housing type/transportation accessibility) with the case fatality rate (CFR) and incidence of COVID-19.DesignEcological study of counties with at least 50 confirmed COVID-19 cases as of April 4th, 2020. Generalized linear mixed-effects models with state-level clustering were applied to estimate county-level associations of overall SVI and its sub-component scores with COVID-19 CFR (deaths/100 cases) and incidence (cases/1000 population), adjusting for population percentage aged ≥65 years, and for comorbidities using the average Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) score. Counties with high SVI (≥median) and high CFR (≥median) were identified.SettingPopulation-based study of U.S. county-level data.ParticipantsU.S. counties with at least 50 confirmed COVID-19 cases.Main outcomes and measuresCOVID-19 CFR and incidence.ResultsData from 433 counties including 283,256 cases and 6,644 deaths were analyzed. Median SVI was 0.46 [Range: 0.01-1.00], and median CFR and incidence were 1.9% [Range: 0-13.3] and 1.2 per 1000 people [Range: 0.6-38.8], respectively. Higher SVI, indicative of greater social vulnerability, was associated with higher CFR (RR: 1.19 [1.05, 1.34], p=0.005, per-1 unit increase), an association that strengthened after adjustment for age≥65 years and comorbidities (RR: 1.63 [1.38, 1.91], pConclusions and RelevanceSocial vulnerability is associated with higher COVID-19 case fatality. High social vulnerability and CFR coexist in more than 1 in 4 U.S. counties. These counties should be targeted by public policy interventions to help alleviate the pandemic burden on the most vulnerable population.KEY POINTSQuestionIs county-level social vulnerability to disasters associated with the case fatality rate (CFR) and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.?FindingsEach unit increase in county-level social vulnerability, measured using the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), was associated with a 63% higher CFR after adjusting for age and comorbidities. Both CFR and incidence of COVID-19 were significantly higher in counties with lower socio-economic status and higher proportion of minority populations.MeaningU.S. counties with higher social vulnerability are experiencing greater mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Published: 2020

97. Evaluation of 'TBDetect' sputum microscopy kit for improved detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a multi-centric validation study

Author: Sagarika Haldar, Umesh D. Gupta, Sanghamitra Pati, Ajoy Kumar Verma, Nalini Gupta, Ashawant Gupta, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Manpreet Bhalla, Urvashi B. Singh, Manjula Singh, Ritu Singhal, Vithal Prasad Myneedu, Abhinav Goyal, Jaya Sivaswami Tyagi, Sripad A. Patil, Rohit Sarin, Kiran Bala, Dasarathi Das, Prabha Desikan, Nikita Panwalkar, Khalid Umar Khayyam, Avi Kumar Bansal, Divya Anthwal, Narayan Sivaramakrishnan Gomathi, Srikanth Tripathy, and Seema Sharma
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Validation study, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Smear microscopy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Internal medicine, Microscopy, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, biology, business.industry, Sputum, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Ziehl–Neelsen stain, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of the 'TBDetect' kit-based bio-safe fluorescent microscopy filter (BioFM-Filter) microscopy in comparison with direct smear microscopy and culture for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a multi-centric setting in India.The TBDetect kit enables sputum concentration through filtration using the BioFM-Filter for improved and bio-safe smear microscopy. We evaluated the performance of the TBDetect kit in a six-site multi-centric validation study on sputum collected from 2086 presumptive TB patients.The combined positivity of TBDetect microscopy performed on these sputum samples was 20% (n = 417/2086) vs 16.1% of light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy (LED-FM, n = 337/2086) and 16% of Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy (n = 333/2086). The increment in positivity of TBDetect over both LED-FM and ZN smears was significant (p 0.001). The overall sensitivity of TBDetect for six sites was ~55% (202/367, 95% confidence interval (CI): 50, 60%) vs 52% (191/367, 95% CI: 47, 57%) for LED-FM (p 0.14) and 50.9% (187/367, 95% CI: 46, 56%) for ZN smear (p 0.05), using Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube culture (MGIT, n = 1949, culture positive, n = 367) as the reference standard. A bio-safety evaluation at six sites confirmed efficient sputum disinfection by TBDetect; 99.95% samples (1873/1874) were sterile after 42 days of incubation. Scientists and technicians at the study sites indicated the ease of use and convenience of TBDetect microscopy during feedback.TBDetect added value to the smear microscopy test due to its improved performance, convenience and user safety. These findings indicate that equipment-free TBDetect technology has the potential to improve TB diagnosis in basic laboratory settings by leveraging on the existing nationwide network of designated microscopy centres and primary healthcare centres.
Published: 2020

98. Palliative Care Utilization among Patients with COVID-19 in an Underserved Population: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Author: Zurab Azmaiparashvili, Ali Haydar, Abhinav Goyal, Gabriel Patarroyo Aponte, Robert DeJoy, Huma Ansari, Ruchika Bhargav, Fahad Gul, Jerald Pelayo, Kevin Bryan Lo, Eric D. Peterson, Jeri Albano, and Grace Salacup
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Neurology, novel coronavirus, Single Center, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Underserved Population, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, Medicine, Intubation, 030212 general & internal medicine, General Nursing, palliative care, business.industry, Mortality rate, underserved population, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Emergency medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, Utilization rate
Abstract: Background As health-care institutions mobilize resources to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, palliative care may potentially be underutilized. It is important to assess the use of palliative care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a retrospective single-center study of patients with COVID-19 diagnosed via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay admitted between March 1, 2020, and April 24, 2020. An analysis of the utilization of palliative care in accordance with patient comorbidities and other characteristics was performed while considering clinical outcomes. Chi-square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables while t-tests were used to compare continuous variables. Results The overall mortality rate was 21.5% (n = 52), and in 48% (n = 25) of these patients, palliative care was not involved. Fifty-nine percent (n = 24) of those who had palliative consults eventually elected for comfort measures and transitioned to hospice care. Among those classified as having severe COVID-19, only 40% (n = 31) had palliative care involvement. Of these patients with severe COVID-19, 68% (n = 52) died. Patients who received palliative care consults were of older age, had higher rates of intubation, a need for vasopressors, and had higher rates of mortality. Conclusion There was a low utilization rate of palliative care in patients with COVID-19. Conscious utilization of palliative care is needed at the time of COVID-19.
Published: 2020

99. Meta-analysis of outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection with versus without gastrointestinal symptoms

Author: Kevin Bryan Lo, Peter A. McCullough, Julie Peterson, Janani Rangaswami, Abhinav Goyal, and Fahad Gul
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Abdominal pain, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Nausea, pandemic, diarrhea, Odds ratio, General Medicine, SARS-COV-2, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Confidence interval, Article, Diarrhea, Internal medicine, Meta-analysis, Vomiting, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: This systematic review analyzed whether the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with SARS-COV-2 infection is associated with adverse outcomes. Searching the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, we included any studies looking at patients with COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) compared to those with COVID-19 but without gastrointestinal manifestations as a control group. The final search yielded 186 articles, all of which were individually screened. Seven studies were identified but three were excluded: one due to lack of a control group without gastrointestinal symptoms, one reported as viral RNA in the stool, and one with only non-critically ill patients. Results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled odds ratio for mortality among those with COVID-19 and gastrointestinal symptoms of 0.91 (confidence interval 0.49–1.68) with heterogeneity of 0% and a pooled odds ratio for acute respiratory distress syndrome of 2.94 (confidence interval 1.17–7.40) with heterogeneity of 0%. In conclusion, gastrointestinal symptoms with COVID-19 are associated with a higher risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, but do not increase the risk for mortality.
Published: 2020

100. Use of non-LDL-C lipid-lowering medications in patients with type 2 diabetes

Author: Nathan D. Wong, Kensey Gosch, Lawrence A. Leiter, Vittal Hejjaji, Suzanne V. Arnold, Abhinav Goyal, and Mikhail Kosiborod
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, medicine.drug_class, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Fibrate, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, lipids, chemistry.chemical_compound, Insulin resistance, quality of care, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Original Research Articles, medicine, Original Research Article, triglycerides, lcsh:RC648-665, Triglyceride, business.industry, medicine.disease, Fish oil, chemistry, diabetes mellitus, business, Niacin
Abstract: Background A number of non‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol lipid abnormalities are associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, which may lead practitioners to use medications targeting these abnormal lipid fractions despite a lack of evidence or guideline recommendations. Methods and Results Among 382 921 US patients with type 2 diabetes (69% with cardiovascular disease, 76% on a statin), 95 995 (26%) were on some nonstatin lipid‐lowering medication—19 265 (5%) on niacin, 32 919 (9%) on a fibrate and 69 513 (18%) on fish oil. Use of all three medications was stable over time and higher in patients with cardiovascular disease and with higher triglyceride levels, although even among patients with triglyceride levels, A number of non‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol lipid abnormalities are associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, which may lead practitioners to use medications targeting these abnormal lipid fractions despite a lack of evidence or guideline recommendations. Among 382 921 US patients with type 2 diabetes (69% with cardiovascular disease, 76% on a statin), 95 995 (26%) were on some nonstatin lipid‐lowering medication—19 265 (5%) on niacin, 32 919 (9%) on a fibrate and 69 513 (18%) on fish oil. Use of all three medications was stable over time and higher in patients with cardiovascular disease and with higher triglyceride levels, although even among patients with triglyceride levels
Published: 2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

355 results on '"Abhinav Goyal"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources