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Introduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are predisposed to nutritional deficiencies, resulting in vitamin B12 deficiency with negative hematologic consequences. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of intramuscular B12 on renal anemia among ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) at El-Najar hospital, Gaza Strip. Patients and Methods: A case-control study conducted, which included 110 healthy controls and 110 HD patients who received B12 on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis over two months. Sociodemographics and current diseases were reported. Serum levels of serum B12, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and platelet (PLT) were recorded before and after treatment. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS. Results: Baseline serum B12 level was significantly lower in HD patients compared to controls (362.62 ± 166.40 versus 483.36 ± 115.07 ρg/mL, P

Hyperpigmentation is a skin disorder that occurs widely in the human population in which darkened patches or spots appear on the skin. Cosmetic products containing natural skin lightening agents are regarded as a safe alternative and effective approach to this hyperpigmentation problem. The review paper aims to discuss on some potential plant species with skin lightening properties by focusing on the presence of responsible bioactive compounds and their specific mechanisms of action in minimizing melanin production in hyperpigmentation problem. The finding shows that different bioactive compounds have various modes of action on melanin biosynthesis pathway including tyrosinase inhibition, melanosomes transfer inhibition, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Some plants with skin lightening activity contain several bioactive compounds which contribute to an enhancement of skin lightening effects and inhibition of hyperpigmentation. In conclusion, the screening of potential skin lightening ingredients from natural sources is very crucial process before formulation development for an effective skin lightening product.

Advanced drug delivery systems such as liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes and phytosomes significantly influence the quality of synthetic drug formulations. However, the trend is now shifting towards natural-based moieties, most probably because of their promising therapeutic responses, and considerably lower incidence of side effects and toxicity issues. The effectiveness of herbal plant formulations in nano-sized particles in the delivery of active compounds is increased since nanoparticles offer a larger surface area and promote longer contact time with the surfaces of the targeted sites. Thus, nanoparticles allow the sustained release of small amounts of active compounds and the optimization of the dosing frequency of the drug. The implementation of nanotechnology in the development of natural-based products is able to enhance the delivery of plant extracts and active phytochemicals to the targeted sites. In fact, maximum therapeutic outcomes can be achieved since the herbal formulations are more stable compared to traditional preparations. The development of herbal formulations in modern drug delivery systems will be further discussed in this review. The possible improvement of phytosomes is highlighted in order to give future insights into improvising phytosomes as a targeted drug carrier system. A compilation of evidence-based studies involving the nanotechnology of herbal formulations is summarized accordingly. The use of modern technology in herbal drug delivery systems has been growing in past decades and needs to be further explored by scientists. Hence, at the end of this review, a brief summary is given of a few success stories regarding modern nano formulations that have been commercialized by leading herbal companies and which can be considered as great achievements in this field. Thus, this review is aimed at exploring the use of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems and discusses their contribution to the design of modern herbal formulations.

GPUs can be divided to fixed function GPUs and programmable GPUs. Fixed function GPUs are important for low power mobile applications. This paper addresses the design and implementation, on an FPGA, of a fixed function GPU fully compatible with OpenGL 1.1.12 standard. This GPU is code-named Cairo University GPU (CUGPU). We follow a systematic design approach to design our CUGPU. We developed MATLAB model, C-language model, RTL model and finally a logic model for CUGPU. A hybrid approach for RTL synthesis is followed where automatic and manual synthesis are judiciously combined to achieve small design time and acceptable performance. The final CUGPU is implemented on Xilinx Vertix-7 FPGA. The functionality of CUGPU is verified via direct comparison with the C model results, using hardware simulation and real time on-chip logic analysis.

يهدف البحث إلى معرفة فاعلية استراتيجية ترشيح الأفكار في تحصيل مادة التأريخ لدى طالبات الصف الرابع الأدبي. ولتحقيق هدف البحث استعملت التصميم التجريبي ذا المجموعتين المتكافئتين (التجريبية والضابطة)، إذ جرى اختيار شعبتي (أ، ب) عشوائيا كعينة للبحث من طالبات الصف الرابع الأدبي في اعدادية الاماني للبنات التي اختيرت عشوائيا، وجرى تكافؤ المجموعتين في متغيرات (العمر بالأشهر، الذكاء، درجات الطالبات للفصل الاول) و جرى حساب t-testوكانت النتائج غير دالة إحصائيا، تألفت عينة البحث من (60) طالبة، (30) طالبة في المجموعة التجريبية و(30) في المجموعة الضابطة، درست طالبات المجموعتين كتاب التأريخ للصف الرابع الأدبي لمدة اثنى عشر أسبوعا بواقع حصتين أسبوعيا ، ودرست طالبات المجموعة التجريبية باستخدام استراتيجية ترشيح الافكار ودرست طالبات المجموعة الضابطة بالطريقة الاعتيادية، اعدت الباحثة اختبار التحصيل، وجرى التحقق من صدقهما وثباتهما وتطبيقهما بعد نهاية التجربة، وجرى استخدام البرنامج الإحصائي SPSS لحساب t-test، معامل صعوبة الفقرات ، ومعامل ألفا كرونباخ ، وقد أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية وبين متوسطات درجات الاختبار في مادة التأريخ بين طالبات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة ولصالح طالبات المجموعة التجريبية. في ضوء النتائج استنتجت أثر استراتيجية ترشيح الأفكار في تحصيل التأريخ لطالبات الصف الرابع الأدبي، وخرجت بعدة توصيات منها استخدام استراتيجية ترشيح الافكار في التدريس وتدريب المعلمين على استخدامها، واقترح استكمالا للبحث الحالي استخدام الاستراتيجية في مراحل دراسية أخرى ومع متغيرات أخرى.

In order to study some biochemical variables on the increasing aerobic physical stress-test, the researchersselected a sample of individuals represented by the Anbar University football team of 16 players who underwentthis study. The researchers used the descriptive approach in their research. The research experiment includedtaking blood samples before and after the escalating physical exertion on the Treadmill device in order toknow the effect of this effort on some biochemical variables (cholesterol, white blood cells, lactic acid).Theyconducted aerobic increasing physical effort stress-test on a Treadmill device which has an impact on thetargeted Chemo-chemical variables and the existence of correlative relationships between those variables.The researchers concluded that there are significant changes in these variables in favor of the post-testmeasurements, as well as obtaining significant correlation coefficients between these three biochemicalvariables. Then the researchers recommended the necessity of conducting studies in the same regard tothe rest of the other difference games and the need to study other variables and recognize the correlationsbetween those variables. To design curricula Modern training according to scientific foundations to enhancethe positive correlation between the variables that were discussed and reduce the relative difference betweenthe variables whose relations have gone in the negative direction and that negatively affects the physicalachievement.

This study explored the adverse reactions/effects prevalence, types, duration, and severity of inactivated novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) vaccine among adult frontline health care professionals and educators. A total of A total of 49 frontline workers in Fujairah, UAE (37 health care professionals and 12 educators) were interviewed over a period of three months. All participants were reported that they experienced at least one adverse reaction/effect. The range of COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions/effects were one to three adverse effects Pain at the vaccine injection site reported by 49 out of 49 participants; swelling/redness of the vaccine injection site reported by 45 out of 49; fatigue reported by 19 out of 49; headache reported by eight; fever reported by one participant. Majority of the reported adverse reactions were described as moderate or mild and the duration was between one day and one week.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and Malaysia is not an exception in this regard. The current research is an attempt to explore symptom awareness of and necessary actions in response to heart attack (HA) among lay public. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study design, and a survey was conducted from May to July 2018 among general public in Kuantan, Pahang state, Malaysia. Results: A total of 393 respondents recruited. Slightly more than one-fourth of the respondents (26.35%) were aware of HA symptoms like pain and/or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back, while 71.65% showed awareness only of chest pain or discomfort as symptoms. Only 35.6% reported to call an ambulance if they experience someone suffering from HA symptoms, while 82% recognized &ge, 1 symptom, and only 11.5% recognized all five HA symptoms. Very few respondents, i.e., 1.3% reported awareness about correct recognition of all five HA symptoms. Respondents who had diabetes and hypercholesteremia were more likely to recognize all five HA symptoms. For those who had excellent awareness of all five HA symptoms, the odds ratio (OR) were significantly higher among single respondents (OR 0.023, 95% CI 0.001&ndash, 0.594), Malay (OR 0.376, 95% CI 0.193&ndash, 0.733), and those who received information associated with HA (OR 7.540, 95% CI 2.037&ndash, 27.914). However, those who were aware that HA requires quick treatment had significantly low odds ratio (OR 0.176, 95% CI 0.044&ndash, 0.710). Conclusions: The awareness of and action towards the signs and symptoms of HA among the public were poor.

Abdullah Abdulmajid Abdo Ahmed,1 Abdulkareem Mohammed AL-Shami,1,2 Shazia Jamshed,1– 3 Mohammed Zawiah,4,5 Mohamed Hassan Elnaem,1,2 Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim6 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; 2Quality Use of Medicines Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, UniSZA, Kuala Terengganu 22000, Malaysia; 4Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; 5Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen; 6Clinical Pharmacy and Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, QatarCorrespondence: Mohamed Izham Mohamed IbrahimCollege of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, QatarTel +974 4403 5580 (GMT +3 hrs.)Fax +974 4403 5551Email mohamedizham@qu.edu.qaBackground: Cardiovascular disease is a leading nationwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Public awareness of risk factors for heart attacks is thought to impact the burden of disease, prevention, and timely management. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness of risk factors for heart attack and to identify the factors associated with the awareness of all modifiable risk factors for heart attack in the general population.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 393 adult individuals in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face interviews among the lay public members who were 18– 64 years old, excluding healthcare professionals in clinical settings and academic settings. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.Results: The majority of the individuals identified smoking as a risk factor for heart attack, followed by atrial fibrillation (57.7%), heart disease (54.1%), and obesity (53.8%). However, diabetes (26%) was the risk factor that was least recognized by the participants. A total of 90.6% of participants identified at least one risk factor for heart attack, while 9.8% of the participants did not identify any risk factors for heart attack, whereas 5.6% identified all modifiable heart attack risk factors. Furthermore, participants aged 46– 64 years old, married respondents, and Chinese participants, those with higher educational levels, and received prior information demonstrated great awareness of eight modifiable risk factors for heart attack. Multivariable logistic regression presented that participants with aged 55– 64, those with family history of heart attack and individuals with dyslipidemia were factors independently related to excellent awareness (p=0.04, OR=6.21, 95% CL= 1.081– 35.641), (p=0.049, OR=2.11, 95% CL=0.721– 6.230) and (p=0.009, OR= 4.08, 95% CL= 1.427– 11.685), respectively.Conclusion: Awareness of risk factors for heart attack appears to be poor, where most of the respondents recognized only one modifiable risk factor. According to these findings, programs and strategies to raise awareness of modifiable risk factors for HA are urgently needed to protect the lay public from HA.Keywords: knowledge, risk factor, cardiovascular disease, modifiable risk factors, layman, Malaysia

Background Stroke remains one of the leading cause of mortality and disability in developing and developed countries. Lack of awareness towards signs and symptoms of stroke leads to delayed presentation to the hospital contributing towards increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the awareness of and action towards signs and symptoms of stroke. Methodology This is cross-sectional study executed among 393 lay public who aged 18-64 years old in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia using structured questionnaire survey. Results Mojority of respondents (78) identifed sudden face, arms and leg numbness whereas 42% of them identifed problems in vision. However, 10.4% were unaaware of any symptoms while 30% identified appropriate action. Furthermore, 88.8% recognized at least one stroke symptoms and 27.5% of them identifed all five stroke symptoms as well as 9.4% of individuals had excellent awareness (aware of all five stroke symptoms and appropriate action “calling an ambulance”). Multivariable logistic regression shows that individuals aged 18-45 years (OR=0.054, 95% Cl=0.006-0.500, p =0.010), self-employed (OR=12.430, 95% Cl=1.372-31.908, p =0.028), those who were diagnosed with hypertension (OR=0.129, 95% Cl=0.025-0.673, p =0.015) and student (OR=35.945. 95% Cl=1.745-740.615, p =0.020) were more likely to recognise all the five stroke symptoms and appropriate action. Conclusion The awareness and action towards signs, symptoms is poor among lay public in Kuantan, Malaysia. Therefore, the findings of this study would be a baseline for program interventions that focus on public awareness and policy development on stroke management.

Background and Aims: Asians accounts 60% of the world’s diabetic population with a different burden on young and middle-aged. The objective is to critically evaluate the published literature relevant to cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions to avoid complications followed by the management of diabetes mellitus in South-east Asia. Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), Proquest and Google Scholar thoroughly searched within the period of November- December 2015. Only research and reviews published in the English language within the period of January 2000-November 2015 considered. The extracted details and particulars from the included studies account for interventions, outcomes, and modeling methods. Results: A total of seven studies from Japan, Singapore, Cambodia and two each from India and Thailand were included. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) accounted as an outcome in more than half of the reviewed studies. Most of the economic evaluations of DM management and preventive interventions in each country focused on different interventions and alternatives for comparison. However, type 1 DM patients showed better outcome when using specific insulin regimens utilized in the southeastern Asian countries followed by the implementation of Thai DM-self management support program (DM-SMS) via healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Alternatives to pharmacologic approaches such as insulin regimen and oral anti-diabetic agents showed a significant difference

With the increased development in digital media and communication, the need for methods to protection and security became very important factor, where the exchange and transmit date over communication channel led to make effort to protect these data from unauthentication access. This paper present a new method to protect color image from unauthentication access using watermarking. The watermarking algorithm hide the encoded mark image in frequency domain using Discrete Cosine Transform. The main principle of the algorithm is encode frequent mark in cover color image. The watermark image bits are spread by repeat the mark and arrange in encoded method that provide algorithm more robustness and security. The proposed algorithm efficiency is measured by using many of measurement factors such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR and Normalized Correlation Coefficient NC, the watermark robustness and feasibility are measured by using many types of attacks.

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) method was performed for welding of aluminum alloys AA6061-T6 with pure aluminum AA1100 sheets having thicknesses of 2.4 and 3 mm respectively. FSSW procedure was accomplished at varied tool rotational speeds (1000, 1600, and 2000 rpm). The dwell time was (2, 4, and 6 sec) and the geometry of the tool pin was threaded cylindrical pin with a cylindrical and straight shoulder. The aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 sheet was overlapped on the pure aluminum AA1100 sheet. The tensile shear test was investigated for all specimens. It was deduced that the value of the maximum shear force is 1.95 kN. This value was obtained at the following welding factors: 2000 rpm spindle rotational speed, 4 sec dwell time and threaded cylindrical pin profile, the two other factors which were pin length and plunging time were kept as constant parameters through the tests at 3.2 mm and 40 sec respectively. It was also concluded that the fracture happens in the nugget zone mode at the highest lap-shear load.

In the manufacturing field of industrial firms, some materials are hard to cut and do not meet the mechanical operation requirements in conventional and unconventional machining methods due to their high mechanical properties which poorer their machinability. The need is ongoing and growing to these materials in important industries, therefore hot machining is considered one of the most advanced methods of machining which help to solve the problem of these materials. This process involves heating the work piece at elevated temperature during or before machining on conventional cutting machine by using various external heating techniques, which soften it and becomes more ductile and this leads to improve the machinability. This paper displays a review on hot machining process and presents its effectiveness for the industrial firm in machining hard-to cut-materials which reflect on cost and productivity in relation to other aspects of machining. The review paper presents a survey on various researches which indicates the effect of variation process parameters in hot machining.

The organizations always need to manage their operations, process the data electronically, and find a platform that help them to support their strategic decisions. The success of the human resource department can reflect overall organizational success. The human resource department professionals try to ensure finding the right person at the right time for the job that fits the person according to skills and qualifications. This task needs a platform that supports making the right decision based on historical managerial information. The data mart is a departmental based decision support system that used departmental data to help decision-makers to support short term decisions. Human resource (HR) data mart is the base stone for building an enterprise data warehouse. The paper presents the implementation process of HR data mart starting from implementing data mart schema to online analytical processing (OLAP) reports. The data mart is implemented on retired employees’ data of Basra Oil Company for over 15 years. A human resource data mart can provide a base platform to perform a different analysis operation to support the right decisions. Different OLAP reports are implemented to help analysts and decision-makers to get the answers for their questions as OLAP queries. Two categories of reports are implemented offline reports using Microsoft Excel Pivot Table 2010 and web OLAP reports using SQL Server Reporting Service 2014 (SSRS). The tools used to implement data mart vary from SQL Server Management Services (SSMS) 2014, SQL Server Integration Service 2014 (SSIS), SQL Server Analytical Service 2014 (SSAS), SQL Server Reporting Service 2014 (SSRS), SQL Server Data Tools 2013 (SSDT), and Microsoft Excel Pivot Table 2010.

Introduction: Smoking causes substantial preventable morbidity, mortality and financial burdens. It is the main risk factor for many diseases and a significant cause of death. Smoking prevalence is high internationally and in Malaysia, especially among males. Smoking cessation is essential to reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Aim: To evaluate knowledge, attitude towards and practice of smoking among pharmacy students in the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated structured self-administered questionnaire among a sample of IIUM pharmacy students (n=251) during November 2012. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise data and to examine the relationship between variables. Results: A total of 251 IIUM pharmacy students have participated in the survey. The median age of the participants was 21-23 years; 23.9% of them were males and 76.1% were females. The percentage of current smokers and ex-smokers was 0.4%, 0.8%, respectively. About 43% of the respondents had a good knowledge (score >16), more than half of them had a positive attitude (score >17), and about 38.4% had a good practice (score >11). Conclusion: Smoking prevalence among pharmacy students in IIUM is very low. However, conducting training and educational programs to improve knowledge, attitudes and practice of pharmacy students is highly recommended to assist their contribution to smoking cessation interventions in the future.