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ورد في المادة (61/سادسًا/ب) من دستور 2005، ما وصفها المُشرِّع الدستوري بالحالات، التي جاءت على سبيل الحصر، وهي الحنث في اليمين الدستورية وانتهاك الدستور، والخيانة العظمى، وهي وقائع من الممكن أنْ يُتهم بارتكابها رئيس الجمهورية؛ وقد جاءت تلك الوقائع مبهمة من حيث بيان الوصف القانوني، مما دعا إلى الاثبات بأنَّها جرائم دستورية على وفق التركيب الفظي للنص الدستوري الذي تكون من شقين: هما شق التجريم المتمثل بالوقائع الثلاثة المذكورة، وشق الجزاء المتمثل بالإعفاء من المنصب، كما أنَّ الجهة القضائية المختصة بالنظر في هذا النوع من الجرائم ذات الطابع الدستوري هي المحكمة الاتحادية العليا؛ لكن قرار المحكمة بإعفاء رئيس الجمهورية من منصبه بعد ادانته، قيّد المُشرِّع الدستوري تنفيذه بتصويت مجلس النواب، الأمر الذي يتعارض مع النص الدستوري (94) الذي جعل من قرارات المحكمة الاتحادية العليا باتة وملزمة للسلطات كافة، ما يُعدّ نسخًا لما ورد من تقييد تنفيذ قرار المحكمة بإعفاء رئيس الجمهورية، وفي الوقت ذاته فإنَّ النظر باتهام رئيس وأعضاء مجلس الوزراء بارتكاب الجرائم الدستورية جاء من صلاحية المحكمة الاتحادية بشكل مطلق؛ على العكس مما هو عليه الحال مع أعضاء مجلس النواب، إذ لم يرد في دستور 2005، وكذلك لم يتم تشريع أي قانون ينص على أنَّ المحكمة الاتحادية العليا تمتلك صلاحية النظر في اتهام أعضاء مجلس النواب بارتكابهم أي من الجرائم الدستورية .

The goal of this research was to prepare and characterize nanonized particles of the antifungal drug, fluconazole (FLZ) using antisolvent precipitation nanonization technique to improve its ocular permeation. The impact of various concentrations of different stabilizers, namely Pluronic F-127 (PL F 127), Kollicoat IR (KL), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E3 (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG), polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP), and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) upon the resulting nanoparticles was investigated. Additionally, the ex vivo release of the FLZ nanonized particles from ophthalmic gel bases was studied by using goat cornea, and the ocular pharmacokinetics of appropriate ophthalmic gel base containing optimized drug nanoparticle formula compared to the untreated drug were studied in rabbits. FLZ nanoparticles were successfully prepared with different concentrations of stabilizers. However, the effects of these stabilizers on nanoparticle size and zeta potential values varied according to the concentration and type of stabilizer used. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, the drug was in its amorphous state in the tested nanoparticle formulations. The results of ex vivo ocular diffusion of the FLZ nanoparticle gel formulations revealed an improvement compared to that with the FLZ untreated gel. Nanoparticle formula (F3) prepared by using 5% PL F127 showed small particle size (352 ± 6.1 nm) with zeta potential value of −18.3 mV with highest ex vivo release rate from goat cornea (100% after 6 h). Moreover, the AUC0-8h from ocular application of FLZ from sodium alginate gel containing nanoparticle formula F3 was 1.4-fold higher than that after its administration in the untreated formula. Based on our findings, the ophthalmic gel formulations containing FLZ nanoparticles enhanced drug corneal permeation and improved the ocular pharmacokinetic parameters.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its consequences are a serious global public health issue. By 2030, the number of people with type 2 diabetes is predicted to reach 439 million. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the plasma levels of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and lipid profile in Sudanese T2DM patients. Methods: This case control study included 165 Sudanese patients with diabetic type 2 and a cardiovascular condition as cases and 165 diabetic type 2 volunteers without a cardiovascular disorder as controls. The concentrations of plasma glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile were assessed using a Mindray BS-480 auto-chemistry analyzer, and insulin was analyzed using a Cobase 411 auto analyzer. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tools for social science computer programs (SPSS version 21). Results: According to the findings, (59.4 %) of patients between the ages of (50-69). Females made up 50.9 %. (38.2 %) of patients had an illness duration of between (8-15 years). (41.8%) of individuals did not have hypertension. There was a substantial rise in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HDL-C, and insulin among diabetics with cardiovascular disease compared to diabetics without cardiovascular disease (p-value = 0.001, 0.000, 0.018, and 0.000). Females had significantly higher blood TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and BMI than males (p-values = 0.000, 0,001, and 0.000, respectively). There were significant positive correlation between FBS, HBA1c, insulin and duration of disease (r=0.155, p, value=0.005) (r=0.160, p, value=0.004)(r=0.103, p. value=0.061)respectively, while there were significant negative correlation between TC, TG,LDL-C, HDL-C and duration of disease (r=-0.152, p, value= 0.006)(r=-0.023, p, value=0.678)(r=-0.113, p, value= 0.040)(r=-0.145, p, value=0.008)respectively. Conclusion: When comparing diabetics with cardiovascular disease to diabetics without cardiovascular disease, there was a substantial rise in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HDL-C, and insulin. FBS, HBA1c, insulin, and illness duration all had a strong positive connection.

This paper presents mathematical responses for the dual-phase-lag (DPL) hypothesis, which accounts for nonequilibrium heat transfer during magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia in tumor. To get this precision, volume averaging is used for the local instantaneous energy formulation for tissues and blood. This study proposes a hybrid numerical strategy to solve this problem by combining change of variables, improved discretization techniques, and Laplace transforms. Using the Arrhenius formulas, the range of denatured proteins is used to assess the degree of heat damages to the tumor and healthy tissues. The impacts of porosity, the blood perfusion and metabolism on the temperature and the thermal injuries are studied. The numerical estimations of temperature and the resulting of thermal injuries are shown on a graph, and a comparison with earlier research establishes the results’ validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is carried out using the generalized thermoelastic model to study the variation of temperature, the stresses, and displacement components in a two-dimensional orthotropic elastic material. The Fourier–Laplace integral transforms to get the analytical solution of the problem, the basic formulations of the two-dimensional problem are expressed as matrix-vector forms, which are then solved by the eigenvalue technique. Numerical techniques are used for the inverse process of the Laplace and Fourier transform. The results of all the variables considered are implemented and represented graphically. The outcomes of the current model are compared with those of the existent model of thermoelasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the photo-thermoelasticity interactions in an infinite semiconductor medium with cavities. A new hyperbolic two-temperature photo-thermoelasticity theory with one thermal delay time is used to investigate this problem. The eigenvalue approach under the Laplace transform method is used to get the analytical solutions of physical field variations. Also, the thermoelasticity properties are considered without neglecting the coupling between the thermo-elastic and the plasma wave. Finally, the numerical results are graphically presented to display the difference between the generalized hyperbolic two-temperature theory and the generalized classical two-temperature theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is a major public problem in developed and developing countries associated with a high mortality rate. Herein, we determined the relationships between severe obesity, lipid profile, blood glucose in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional 215 MS patients, ages ranged from 37 to 84 were randomly selected. Body mass index and waist circumference (WC) were estimated. Fasting serum lipid profile and plasma blood glucose were measured. Results: In total, 132 (61.4%) were female, 151 (70.2%) were obese, 64 (29.8%) were sever obese, and 143 (66.5%) had WC ≥ 110. Chi-square analyses show that severe obesity was significantly associated with increased WC and hyperglycemia with (odds ratio [OR] = 2.230 and 2.400) and (P = 0.019 and 0.005), respectively. The severe obesity in females was two-fold increased than males (OR = 1.93, P = 0.028). Conclusion: Severe obesity associated with central obesity and hyperglycemia in MS patients. Moreover, females at higher risk to have severe obesity.

Three factors, three levels (33) full factorial design was used to develop venlafaxine HCl fast dissolving oral films (FDOFs) to optimize the concentrations of the film forming polymer; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC (X1), superdisintegrant; sodium starch glycolate SSG, (X2) and glycerol as the film plasticizer (X3). Effects of the three factors on the disintegration time (Y1), swelling index (Y2), and dissolution efficiency at 15 min; DE%15 (Y3) of the prepared FDOFs were evaluated by using statistical models. The optimized film formula was characterized in term of x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and morphological characteristics.Disintegration time was found to increase with the increase in HPMC (X1) concentration, and the shortest disintegration time (21.67 ± 2.08 s) was observed in case of F2 formula (lowest HPMC level and highest glycerol level in absence of SSG). The highest swelling index (3.64 ± 0.59) was observed in case of film formula F1 (medium concentrations of both HPMC and glycerol and highest SSG concentration. The results also indicated that as the concentration of HPMC increased the DE%15 decreased. SSG (X2), with highest value (72.33 ± 1.71%) was recorded for in case of F12 (using 2% HPMC, 5%SSG and 1.5% glycerol). The optimized FDOF formula derived by the statistical models suggested 2% HPMC, 5% SSG, and 1% glycerol.The data obtained from DSC and XRPD revealed no interaction between drug and FDOT excipients. In addition, XRPD studies proved that the venlafaxine HCl was homogeneously dispersed in the film matrix.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders in women. Evidently, the involvement of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid autoimmunity triggering thyroid disorders has not yet occurred. Objective: The aim was to assess serum free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies among polycystic ovary syndrome Sudanese patients. Materials and methods: Fifty Sudanese patients diagnosed with PCOS and 50 healthy age matched females were recruited in this cross-sectional controlled study. Serum FT3 and FT4 were measured by an immunoassay analyzer and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were measured using ELISA. The data was then analyzed using the SPSS. Results: The results showed a significant increase in serum FT3 and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and there was no statistical difference in PCOS serum FT4 levels compared to the control group. The results revealed no correlation between levels of FT3, FT4 and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies with age; also there were no correlation between levels of FT3 and FT4 with BMI while there was a positive correlation between anti-thyroglobulin antibodies levels and BMI. Conclusion: Patients with PCOS had elevated FT3 and antithyroglobulin. Therefore, the assessment of thyroid autoantibody with thyroid hormones in patients with PCOS should be investigated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental condition that affects an individual’s ability to communicate and relate to others. Despite such challenges, early intervention during childhood development has shown to have positive long-term benefits for individuals with ASD. Namely, early childhood development of communicative speech skills has shown to improve future literacy and academic achievement. However, the delivery of such interventions is often time-consuming. Socially assistive robots (SARs) are a potential strategic technology that could help support intervention delivery for children with ASD and increase the number of individuals that healthcare professionals can positively affect. For SARs to be effectively integrated in real-world treatment for individuals with ASD, they should follow current evidence-based practices used by therapists such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). In this work, we present a study that investigates the efficacy of applying well-known ABA techniques to a robot-mediated listening comprehension intervention delivered to children with ASD at a university-based ABA clinic. The interventions were delivered in place of human therapists to teach study participants a new skill as a part of their overall treatment plan. All the children participating in the intervention improved in the skill being taught by the robot and enjoyed interacting with the robot, as evident by high occurrences of positive affect as well as engagement during the sessions. One of the three participants has also reached mastery of the skill via the robot-mediated interventions.

Discharge Machining is a non-traditional machining technique and usually applied for hard metals and complex shapes that difficult to machining in the traditional cutting process. This process depends on different parameters that can affect the material removal rate and surface roughness. The electrode material is one of the important parameters in Electro –Discharge Machining (EDM). In this paper, the experimental work carried out by using a composite material electrode and the workpiece material from a high-speed steel plate. The cutting conditions: current (10 Amps, 12 Amps, 14 Amps), pulse on time (100 μs, 150 μs, 200 μs), pulse off time 25 μs, casting technique has been carried out to prepare the composite electrodes copper-sliver. The experimental results showed that Copper-Sliver (weight ratio70:30) gives better results than commonly electrode copper, Material Removal Rate (MRR) Copper-Sliver composite electrode reach to 0.225 gm/min higher than the pure Copper electrode. The lower value of the tool wear rate achieved with the composite electrode is 0.0001 gm/min. The surface roughness of the workpiece improved with a composite electrode compared with the pure electrode.

Background: Patient preparation for routine abdominal ultrasound, such as fasting for 8 hours and having a light meal the night before the examination, is a common practice employed to avoid digestive motility and gases, which are considered the main causes of artifacts and image quality degradation. Importance of this study: Patient preparation before abdominal ultrasound plays a major role to ensure better visualization of internal organs and pathologies by minimizing artifacts, but because abdominal gases are still present in many patients and in large amounts, causing artifacts, it is important to search for new, safe, efficient, reliable and cost-effective methods to improve patient preparation by eliminating excessive abdominal gases. Material and method: This was a prospective study involving a randomly selected sample of 52 adult patients, both men and women, of different age groups. The participants met the inclusion criteria and had no history of previous or current abdominal surgery. Pediatric patients, pregnant women, patients with a history of abdominal surgery, bedridden patients, and patients with bowel obstruction were excluded. Routine abdominal ultrasound was performed after usual patient preparation involving fasting for 8 hours. Subsequently, the same patients were asked to come again after 48 hours for re-scanning and were instructed to follow the same routine preparation and to take one capsule of activated charcoal 8 hours before re-scanning. The results of both scans were compared by focusing on the pancreas as the reference. Result: Significant improvement by 57.2% was noticed in overweight, obese and extremely obese patients. The improvement noted in underweight patients and in patients with normal weight was 39.05%. The improvement in males reached 66.9% while in females: 49.9%. The overall improvement in pancreas visualization was 63%. Conclusion: Our preliminary study concluded that activated charcoal can be used to reduce gastrointestinal gases efficiently, providing an inexpensive, safe and easy-to-use method to improve visualization in routine abdominal ultrasound scans in adults.

Purpose – to research the effect of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the corporate financial performance (CFP) of quoted banks in Nigeria. Design/Method/Research approach. Using data of corporate social responsibility expenditure as a proxy for CSR and the trio of return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and bank earnings per share (EPS) as a proxy for CFP, regression analysis was conducted. ROA, ROE, and EPS data were collected from the banks’ financial statements for the period 2012 – 2016. Findings. In particular, our analysis and findings suggest that CSR expenditure had no significant effect on all the three proxies of CFP of quoted banks in Nigeria. It supports the arguments in the literature that financial performance alone does not justify expenditure on CSR activities by the quoted Nigerian banks. Practical implications. Our results show that there is a need for banks to consider other factors to see if the case for CSR activities exists. If they do not, the banks should stop engaging in these activities to increase the banks’ profitability. Paper type – empirical.

A few reports have been published and documented low level of awareness on toxoplasmosis among Saudi women. Herein, a cross sectional community based study was undertaken to evaluate basic knowledge on toxoplasmosis among residents in the Eastern province (Sharqiyah). Thisstudy was conducted between December 2022 and January 2023 on 334 females from different ages and educational backgrounds. Analysis of their responses revealed that only (24.9%) had heard about the disease. However, (69.8%) properly identified cats as the source of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), but a smaller percentage (47.7%) knew that they might become infected through handling cat feces, and a few (26.3%) believed that bad hand hygiene can result in T. gondii infection. A few males (n = 26) have also participated, for the first time in Saudi Arabia, and displayed also low level of knowledge on toxoplasmosis. We do recommend establishing educational programs for females, in various Saudi provinces, to raise awareness on toxoplasmosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study CuO nano sheets were prepared using the cellulose extracted from green synthesis (cotton) as a novel me project. Structural properties were examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Ultra Violet (UV-Vis). The optimum copper oxide peak was at 2 theta 〖35.44〗^°corresponding to (1 ̅11) while for the cellulose was 〖22.8〗^°corresponds to (002). FESEM images of CuO nano sheets were relatively homogenous with diameters less than 30 nm. The UV-Vis for CuO-cellulose nano rods was observed at 350-360 nm, which is higher than of pure CuO nano sheet. The energy band gaps were 3.20 eV and 3.30 eV of CuO and CuO-CNR respectively. Finally antimicrobial activities of samples have been investigated against the Gram positive (pneumonia) and gram-negative (pseudomonas). The maximum antibacterial activities against the Gram positive (pneumonia) of CuO nano sheet and of CuO- cellulose nano rods are 16 mm and 19 mm respectively. The maximum antibacterial activities against the Gram negative (pseudomonas) of CuO nano sheet and of CuO- cellulose nano rods are 30 mm and 33 mm.