Search

All solid state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) with enhanced energy density has driven the exploration of Li‐alloy anodes such as Li‐Mg alloy owing to its solid‐solution structure and high theoretical specific capacity. But the Li atom diffusion limitation on Li‐Mg electrode surface further leads to sluggish atoms transport dynamics. Herein, single‐crystalline (110)‐oriented Li0.9Mg0.1 (denoted as LiMg(110)) anode is obtained by a tailored melt‐annealing procedure to tackle the above issues. Theoretical analyses and experimental results demonstrate that the crystallographic structural (110) orientation of LiMg anode can facilitate Li atom diffusion and guarantee the electrode stability during deep cycling. As a result, the LiMg(110) electrode exhibits longer cycle life with lower overpotential than polycrystalline LiMg at high current densities and areal capacities in symmetric cells. A critical current density (CCD) at the forefront of 2.5 mA cm−2 is achieved in Li3InCl6 (LIC) solid‐state system. The ASSLMB with high areal capacity (3.8 mAh cm−2), high current density (0.76 mA cm−2), and low negative/positive capacity N/P ratio (2.14) achieves exceptional cyclability over 160 cycles. The outcomes highlight a promising crystallographic regulation strategy toward practical applications of high‐performance lithium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black phosphorus (BP) emerges as a highly promising electrode material for next generation of energy‐storage systems. Yet, its full potential is hindered by the instability of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the inflammability of its liquid systems. Here a pioneering UV‐induced in situ strategy is introduced for SEI construction, which leverages rapid electron supply to fracture sulfur‐dihalide bonds. This technique yields internal dihalide inorganic components and an external polymer segment, with any excess organic material being purged through pores. The (E)‐2‐chloro‐4‐((3′‐chloro‐4′‐hydroxyphenyl)diazinyl)phenyl acrylate (CA), with chlorine‐terminated groups, is initially in situ transformed into a flame‐retardant phenyl carboxylic acid (PCA), and then encapsulated within an ultrathin BP nanostructure, further nested in nitrogen (N), boron (B) co‐doped carbon (C) sheets that accommodate cobalt (Co) single atoms/nanoclusters (Co‐NBC). The Co‐NBC@BP@PCA construct demonstrates an impressive initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 99.1% and maintains exceptional stabilities in terms of mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical performancecritical for prolonged cycle and calendar life. This research sheds light on the interplay between the rapid charge supply integrated in situ plasticity (RSIP) approach and the proactive establishment of an artificial SEI layer, offering profound insights into enhancing the durability and providing a solid foundation for advancements in energy storage technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathodes in high energy‐density Li‐metal batteries have garnered widespread interest owing to their good cycling stability and moderately high capacities. However, their application is hindered by the low prevalence of advanced electrolytes that can simultaneously mitigate polysulfide generation at the cathode and stabilize the Li‐metal anode. Here, a weakly solvating electrolyte is presented, employing a single solvent tetrahydropyran (THP). The solvation structure is effectively tuned by adjusting the salt concentration to stabilize both the Li‐metal anode and SPAN cathode. This approach enables stable cycling with high SPAN loadings (≈5 mg cm−2) and lean electrolyte contents (≈5 µL mgSPAN−1) across a wide temperature range: 0 °C, room temperature, and 50 °C. A pouch cell with a high SPAN loading and a low electrolyte‐to‐SPAN (E/SPAN) ratio of 3 µL mg−1 shows a stable 79.1% capacity retention after 40 cycles. Additionally, THP can be effectively employed in localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) systems to reduce the diluent‐to‐solvent ratio for greater LHCE viability. The study demonstrates the potential of weakly solvating solvents in Li‐SPAN batteries, offering a pathway for their practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining Li‐metal anodes (LMAs) with high‐voltage Ni‐rich layered‐oxide cathodes is a promising approach to realizing high‐energy‐density Li secondary batteries. However, these systems experience severe capacity decay due to structural degradation of high‐voltage cathodes and side reactions of electrolyte solutions with both electrodes. Herein, the use of multi‐functional additives in fluoroethylene carbonate‐based electrolyte solutions that enable the operation of successfully rechargeable high‐voltage (4.5 V) Li‐metal batteries (LMBs) with high areal capacity (>4 mAh cm−2) are reported. Customized electrolyte solutions are pivotal in passivating the electrodes, minimizing microcrack formation, and ensuring that current is uniformly distributed within cathode particles. The developed electrolyte solution protects the LMA by forming a very stable and effective solid–electrolyte interphase. Together with the Li[Ni0.78Co0.1Mn0.12]O2 cathode material, which is composed of radially aligned rod‐shaped primary particles, the developed high‐voltage LMB containing 20 mg cm−2 of cathode material delivers a high specific capacity of 230 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and retains >86% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. This study highlights the significance of controlling the interfacial structure via electrolyte solution modification and the use of cathode materials with engineered morphologies that enhance mechanical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reversibility and stability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are largely limited by water‐induced interfacial parasitic reactions. Here, dimethyl(3,3‐difluoro‐2‐oxoheptyl)phosphonate (DP) is introduced to tailor primary solvation sheath and inner‐Helmholtz configurations for robust zinc anode. Informed by theoretical guidance on solvation process, DP with high permanent dipole moments can effectively substitute the coordination of H2O with charge carriers through relatively strong ion‐dipolar interactions, resulting in a water‐lean environment of solvated Zn2+. Thus, interfacial side reactions can be suppressed through a shielding effect. Meanwhile, lone‐pair electrons of oxygen and fluorinated features of DP also reinforce the interfacial affinity of metallic zinc, associated with exclusion of neighboring water to facilitate reversible zinc planarized deposition. Thus, these merits endow the Zn anode with a high‐stability performance exceeds 3800 hours at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2 for Zn||Zn batteries and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8 % at 4 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 for Zn||Cu batteries. Benefiting from the stable zinc anode, the Zn||NH4V4O10 cell maintains 80.3 % of initial discharge capacity after 3000 cycles at 5 A g−1 and exhibits a high retention rate of 99.4 % against to the initial capacity during the self‐discharge characterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorinated 4-aminophenol derivatives are widespread in pharmaceutical ingredients. An electrochemical procedure for the synthesis of these compounds via mono- and dichlorination of the corresponding electron-rich precursors using dichloromethane (DCM) both as the solvent and the chlorine source has been developed. The method is based on the degradation of DCM at the cathode, which releases chloride ions that can be used to generate active chlorine at the anode. Key to the success of this protocol is the utilization of a "quasi-divided" cell with a cathode surface area much smaller than the anode, ensuring that only the solvent and not the molecules in solution are degraded by cathodic reduction. The electrochemical protocol has been demonstrated for a wide range of substrates (25 examples) in moderate to excellent isolated yield (up to 94%). Importantly, the procedure has been translated to a parallel plate flow electrolysis cell. To achieve this goal, a bespoke cell design featuring a PTFE mesh that partially covers the cathode surface has been developed, which provides adequate anode to cathode surface area ratio for quasi-divided cell operation. This is the first example of quasi-divided cell operation in a parallel plate flow electrochemical reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetite (Fe3O4) has a large theoretical reversible capacity and rich Earth abundance, making it a promising anode material for LIBs. However, it suffers from drastic volume changes during the lithiation process, which lead to poor cycle stability and low‐rate performance. Hence, there is an urgent need for a solution to address the issue of volume expansion. Taking inspiration from how glycophyte cells mitigate excessive water uptake/loss through their cell wall to preserve the structural integrity of cells, we designed Fe3O4@PMMA multi‐core capsules by microemulsion polymerization as a kind of anode materials, also proposed a new evaluation method for real‐time repair effect of the battery capacity. The Fe3O4@PMMA anode shows a high reversible specific capacity (858.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 300 cycles) and an excellent cycle stability (450.99 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 450 cycles). Furthermore, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Fe3O4@PMMA pouch cells exhibit a stable capacity (200.6 mAh) and high‐capacity retention rate (95.5 %) after 450 cycles at 0.5 C. Compared to the original battery, the capacity repair rate of this battery is as high as 93.4 %. This kind of bionic capsules provide an innovative solution for improving the electrochemical performance of Fe3O4 anodes to promote their industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous research efforts in the field of perovskite photovoltaics (PPV) have resulted in an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of approximately 25%. However, the inherent instability of perovskite materials poses a significant challenge for real-time applications. Various strategies have been explored to enhance stability in photovoltaics, with one such approach involving the use of a stable and highly conductive hole transport layer (HTL) in PPV. Experimentally, spiro-OMeTAD has been widely employed as the most preferred Hole Transport Layer (HTL) in high-performance Perovskite Photovoltaics (PPV) devices. However, spiro-OMeTAD is highly susceptible to moisture, leading to device degradation. In this study, we investigate the potential of MoS2 as an alternative HTL to replace spiro-OMeTAD in the device architecture (FTO/SnO2/FAPbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au or MoS2/Au). To comprehensively assess MoS2's performance as an HTL, we conducted a detailed comparative analysis using the 1D-SCAPS simulation tool. The simulation results were compared with experimental data obtained from FTO/SnO2/FAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au devices. Our findings revealed that MoS2-based PPV devices exhibited superior photovoltaic performance, achieving an efficiency of 26.4% compared to 25.2% for spiro-OMeTAD-based devices. Several key device parameters were systematically examined, including series resistance, shunt resistance, anode work function, and temperature to assess their impact on device performance. Additionally, we identified optimal device conditions and superior electrode materials, with a focus on device behaviour at elevated operating temperatures. To provide comprehensive insights into the advantages and challenges associated with MoS2 as an HTL in PPV architectures, we conducted an exhaustive comparison between 1D-SCAPS simulations of FTO/SnO2/FAPbI3/MoS2/Au and experimental data from FTO/SnO2/FAPbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au devices. This study offers valuable guidance for ongoing efforts aimed at enhancing perovskite photovoltaic devices' stability and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cycling lifespan of high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is dominantly limited by the rapid failure of Li metal anodes. Herein, the evolution of Li metal anode along cycling is systematically investigated in Li–S batteries to clarify the Li plating and stripping behaviors, the generation and accumulation of inactive Li, and the failure mechanism of Li metal anodes. Concretely, plated Li strips preferentially than bulk Li to leave massive stripping Li shells during initial discharge, and the stripping Li shells are refilled by plated Li during the subsequent charge to generate thick Li dendrites. During the following cycles, inactive Li generates and accumulates on top of bulk Li due to solid electrolyte interphase formation and incomplete removal of plated Li. Eventually, the accumulation of inactive Li hinders the diffusion of Li ions through the inactive Li layer to induce cell polarization at the end of the second discharge plateau and rapid decay of discharge capacity. This work elucidates the detailed evolution mechanism of Li metal anode along cycling in working Li–S batteries and highlights the reactivation of inactive Li as an effective strategy to prolong the cycling lifespan of Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rampant dendrites growth caused by uncontrolled deposition of Zn2+ ions at Zn metal anode poses a significant obstacle to the practical applications of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, an ultrathin (5 µm) aramid nanofiber (ANF) separator is reported to enhance the Zn anode stability and the ZIB energy density. Through systematic experimental studies and DFT simulations, it is demonstrated that the ANF separator with unique surface polarity can modify the solvation configuration, facilitate desolvation, and regulate the deposition orientation of Zn2+ ions. Consequently, the Zn anode with the ANF separator demonstrates an 85‐fold increase in running time beyond 850 h compared with the conventional glass fiber separator at 5 mA cm−2/2.5 mAh cm−2. Even under the harsh depth of discharge conditions of 50% and 80%, the Zn anodes still sustain extended cycling periods of over 475 and 200 h, respectively. As pairing this ANF separator with thin Zn anode and high‐areal‐capacity Mn2.5V10O24∙5.9H2O cathode in a low negative capacity/positive capacity ratio (2.64) full cell, superior gravimetric/volumetric energy density (129.2 Wh kg−1/142.5 Wh L−1) is achieved, far surpassing majority of the ZIB counterparts reported in the literature. This work offers a promising ultrathin separator for promoting the utilization of energy‐dense aqueous ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with dead-ended anode (DEA) suffers from nitrogen diffusion and water accumulation, leading to unstable performance. The core of this paper is to enhance the stability of DEA operation. By coupling the flow field structure with the DEA mode, the factors affecting the stability are explored, the performance degradation mechanism after DEA operation is revealed, and the purging strategy is formulated by combining the energy management with the voltage stability as a prerequisite. The experimental results show that the serpentine flow field is advantageous for maintaining the most stable DEA operation with a minimum voltage recession of 17.01 mV and a voltage undershoot of 11.63 mV. The local current density distribution exhibited a pattern of highest values at anode inlet and lowest at anode outlet, which could be improved by increasing operating pressure and reducing load current density. In this experiment, PCB was innovatively combined to investigate the degradation of each region of PEMFC after 60h of DEA operation. It is found that the most severe performance degradation occurs in anode outlet with a degradation rate exceeding 50%, while the center area has a degradation rate of no more than 20%. • The flow field structures are evaluated for the most stable DEA operation. • Experimentally investigated the stability of DEA operation based on PCB segmented cell technology. • The optimized purging strategy is formulated to maintain the stability operation with high output energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work emphases on the post-mortem study of silica/carbon composite as functional anode in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, the silica/carbon composite is synthesized by facile in-situ hydrothermal technique. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates the amorphous nature of silica/carbon composite. The stacked sheet-like morphology of silica/carbon composite is seen in the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) & scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. In addition, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), and x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) characterizations of silica/carbon composite has been studied in detail. The rate capability of silica/carbon composite anode in LIB indicates 99% capacity retention after applying current density ranging from 50 mA g−1 to 1000 mA g−1, successively. The composite anode delivers a stable specific capacity ∼300 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 for 500 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study analyzed the faster Li-ion diffusion and increment in the diffusion coefficient by a factor of 1000 after 500 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on the post-mortem study of silica/carbon composite as anode in LIB. Post-cycling characterizations including XRD, FTIR, and SEM reveal the absence of any impurity phases and negligible volumetric expansion after prolonged cycling. It further confirms that the carbon present in the silica/carbon composite helps to accommodate the volumetric expansion of silica and prevents cracking of the anode over 500 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the rapidly growing demand for high performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the development of high-capacity anode materials should focus on the practical perspective of a facile synthetic process. In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) in situ grown on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), denoted as Fe3O4 NPs@rGO, were prepared through a facile one-pot synthesis under the wet-colloidal conditions. The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs showed that uniform Fe3O4 NPs, with a size of around 9 nm, were distributed on the rGO surfaces. When applied as an anode material for LIBs, the Fe3O4 NPs@rGO anode revealed a high reversible capacity of 1191 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 200 cycles. It also exhibited excellent rate performance, achieving 608 mAh g−1 at a current density of 5.0 A g−1 over 500 cycles, with improved electronic and ionic conductivities due to the rGO template. This suggested that practically available anode materials can be developed through our one-pot synthesis by in situ growing the Fe3O4 NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cu undercut is a recently discovered new defect generated in the wet stripping process of MoNb/Cu gate stacked electrodes for thin-film transistors (TFTs). The formation mechanism and preventive strategy of this defect were identified and investigated in this paper. The impact of stripper concentration and stripping times on the morphology and the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of Cu and MoNb were studied. It is observed that the undercut is Cu tip-deficient, not the theoretical MoNb indentation, and the undercut becomes severer with the increase in stripping times. The in-depth mechanism analysis revealed that the abnormal Cu undercut was not ascribed to the galvanic corrosion between MoNb and Cu but to the local crevice corrosion caused by the corrosive medium intruding along the MoNb/Cu interface. Based on this newly found knowledge, three possible prevention schemes (MoNiTi (abbreviated as Mo technology development (MTD) layer/Cu), MoNb/Cu/MTD, and MoNb/Cu/MoNb) were proposed. The experimental validation shows that the Cu undercut can only be completely eliminated in the MoNb/Cu/MTD triple-stacked structure with the top MTD layer as a sacrificial anode. This work provides an effective and economical method to avoid the Cu undercut defect. The obtained results can help ensure TFT yield and improve the performance of TFT devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient and cost-effective preparation of masks has always been a challenging issue in mask-based electrochemical machining. In this paper, an electrochemical machining process of micro-textures is proposed using hard particle masks such as titanium and zirconia particles. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the formation mechanisms of micro-protrusion structures with insulating and conductive hard particle masks, followed by experimental verification of the process. The results indicate that when the hard particles are electrically insulating, metal material preferentially dissolves at the center of the particle gap, and the dissolution then expands over time in depth and towards the particle contact points. Conversely, using the conductive particles as the masks, such as titanium particles, dissolution initially occurs in a ring region centered at the contact point between the hard particle and the anode, with a radius approximately one-quarter of the chosen particle's diameter (200 μm), and then continues to expand outward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), as efficient electrochemical energy storage devices, have been successfully commercialized. Lithium plating at anodes has been attracting increasing attention as batteries advance toward high energy density and large size, given its pivotal role in affecting the lifespan, safety, and fast‐charging performance of LIBs. Lithium plating mostly happens during fast charging or charging at low temperatures. However, external pressure is often overlooked as an essential factor that influences lithium plating in LIBs. This review analyzes and discusses the influence of external pressure on performance for commercial LIBs, with a particular focus on lithium plating. Recent advances in this topic, including experimental results and mechanism analyses, are reviewed. Lithium plating is explored by examining the influence of pressure on the internal morphology and electrochemical behavior of batteries. It is emphasized that external pressure affects performance through ion transport, electron transport, and their heterogeneities, thereby increasing the risk of lithium plating in batteries. Subsequently, the rationale for external pressure mitigating lithium plating is elucidated from the perspective of the morphology optimization inside LIBs. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the role of external pressure on lithium plating in commercial LIBs, practically guiding their rational design and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) for anode materials is usually one of important parameters for the energy density improvement of batteries. However, due to the lack of effective regulatory methods, the excellent ICE is usually difficult to achieve for SnS2 systems based on alloying/conversion mechanisms in Li‐storage process. Herein, a heterostructure constructed from SnS2 nanoflakes in situ anchored on graphene scroll (SnS2@GS) is engineered and fabricated involving a facile in situ sulfurization strategy. The SnS2@GS anode benefiting from 1D open and organized ion diffusion pathways, along with rapid charge transfer in the heterogeneous interfaces, achieves improved reversibility and kinetics. This material exhibits a remarkable specific capacity coupled with a high ICE (≈88%) while yielding robust rate properties. These exceptional lithium storage properties derive from improved conductivity and reduced energy barriers for Li‐ion migration in the heterostructures, as indicated by the density functional theory calculations. Besides, the full‐cell (LiFePO4//SnS2@GS) and the lithium‐ion capacitor based on SnS2@GS anode are assembled and deliver superior energy densities of 330 and 349 W h kg−1, respectively. This proposed approach is also popularized for the fabrication about other metal sulfide wrapped in graphene scroll to construct the anodes with remarkable properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered as one type of the most promising next‐generation energy storage devices with high‐energy‐density, and stabilizing the lithium metal anodes (LMAs) to overcome LMBs' safety concerns and performance degradation has attracted extensive attention. Introducing advanced polymer materials into the critical components of LMBs has proven to be an effective and promising approach for stabilizing LMAs toward practical application of LMBs. In addressing the lack of a timely review on the emerging progress of advanced polymer materials in LMBs for stabilizing LMAs, a comprehensive article summarizing the most recent developments of multiscale cellulose materials, including micron cellulose (MC) and nanocellulose (NC), in LMBs is reviewed. First, the basic structures of cellulose, characteristics comparison, and the development history of introducing cellulose into LMBs are presented. Furthermore, the roles of multiscale cellulose materials and functional mechanisms in various components of LMBs for stabilizing LMAs are summarized. A general conclusion and a perspective on the current limitations and future research directions of cellulose‐based stable LMBs are proposed. The aim of this review is not only to summarize the recent progress of multiscale cellulose materials in stabilizing LMAs but also to lighten the pathways for realizing LMBs' practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion, hydrogen evolution, and dendrite formation seriously affect the Zn anode, significantly limiting the practical application of aqueous zinc ion batteries. Herein, the Zn anode surface is innovatively reconstructed by decorating a zincophilic tellurium layer (Te@Zn) to enhance the Zn deposition kinetics. Theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that the zincophilic Te provides an abundance of anchoring sites for Zn nucleation and homogenizes the interface electric field to suppress dendrite growth. The Te@Zn anode exhibits an ultralow overpotential of 14.8 mV at 1.0 mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2 with high Coulombic efficiency, and maintains ultra‐stable operation for over 3600 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 and 0.2 mAh cm−2. The Te@Zn||KVOH full cells and soft–pack batteries also deliver a brilliant rate capability and long cycling stability. The interfacial manipulation strategy using the Te layer on Zn anode surface paves the way for large‐scale energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of silicon (Si)‐based anodes faces challenges due to severe structural and interphasial degradations. These challenges are exacerbated in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) employing Si‐based anodes with high‐nickel layered oxide cathodes, as significant transition‐metal crossover catalyzes serious parasitic side reactions, leading to faster cell failure. While enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer binders has been acknowledged as an effective means of improving solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) stability on Si‐based anodes, an in‐depth understanding of how the binder chemistry influences the SEI is lacking. Herein, a zwitterionic binder with an ability to manipulate the chemical composition and spatial distribution of the SEI layer is designed for Si‐based anodes. It is evidenced that the electrically charged microenvironment created by the zwitterionic species alters the solvation environment on the Si‐based anode, featuring rich anions and weakened Li+‐solvent interactions. Such a binder‐regulated solvation environment induces a thin, uniform, robust SEI on Si‐based anodes, which is found to be the key to withstanding transition‐metal deposition and minimizing their detrimental impact on catalyzing electrolyte decomposition and devitalizing bulk Si. As a result, albeit possessing comparable mechanical properties to those of commercial binders, the zwitterionic binder enables superior cycling performances in high‐energy‐density LIBs under demanding operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-step hydrothermally synthesized over-oxidized Mo3Se4 with enriched selenium exhibited a specific capacity of 1006.75 mA h g−1 at 0.1C. It retained 71% of the initial value during the rate performance test. This novel electrode demonstrated a large specific capacity of 897.62 mA h g−1 at 0.4C at the end of 332 cycles. The exceptional results for mixed phase Mo3Se4 suggest its structural and chemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Red phosphorus (RP), the one of the most prospective anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), has been severely limited due to the intrinsic defects of massive volume expansion and low electronic conductivity. The vaporization-condensation-conversion (VCC), which confines RP nanoparticles into carbon host, is the most widely used method to address the above drawbacks and prepare RP/C nanostructured composites. However, the volume effect-dominated RP caused by the inevitably deposition of RP vapor on the surface of carbon material suffers from the massive volume change and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. Herein, we propose a simple interfacial modification method to eliminate the superficial RP and yield stable surface composed of ion-conducting Li3PS4 solid electrolyte, endowing RP/AC composites excellent cycling performance and ultrafast reaction kinetics. Therefore, the RP/AC@S composites exhibit 926 mAh/g after 320 cycles at 0.2 A/g (running over 181 days), with 81.6 % capacity retention and a corresponding capacity decay rate of as low as 0.059 %. When coupled with LiFePO4 cathode, the full cells present superior cycling performance (62.1 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 1 A/g) and excellent rate capability (81.1 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs), particularly those with Li‐free anodes or even anode‐free configurations, have attracted extensive attention due to high safety and energy density. However, chemical‐mechanical degradation typically deteriorates the cycle life and energy of Li‐free anode ASSBs with the absence of Li inventory. Here, the prelithiation agent Li5FeO4 (LFO) coated Ni‐rich layered oxide is developed as the cathode for Li‐free anode ASSBs. The coated LFO acts as an interfacial protective layer to prevent the highly oxidizing Ni‐rich cathode from reacting with sulfide solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), mitigating the structural degradation of Ni‐rich cathodes and the decomposition of SSE, resulting in excellent cycle life. Beneficial from the coated LFO in the cathode of the Li‐free anode ASSBs, the reversible capacity improves from 174.7 mAh g−1 to 199.7 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention is enhanced from 33.8 % to 84.8 % after 100 cycles. Additionally, an ultrahigh energy density of 440 Wh kg−1, based on the mass of the composite cathode, Li‐free anode, and SSE, is obtained in a Li‐free anode all‐solid‐state pouch cell equipped with the LFO‐coated cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogeneous Li‐ion flux is a significant precondition of uniform Li‐ion deposition in Li metal batteries (LMBs). Numerous methodologies have been presented for homogenizing Li‐ion flux before Li deposition based on the features of Li‐ion deposition. Separators that provide Li‐ion transfer channels and are directly exposed to Li metal anodes have attracted rising attention for their role in guiding regular Li‐ion distribution. More novel functional separators have been proposed aiming to achieve dendrite‐free deposition. Herein, the factors and strategies that regulate Li‐ion distribution through functional separators toward LMBs are concentrated on. The current mechanisms of Li‐ion flux regulation by functional separators are first highlighted, including physical properties, interactions with the electrolyte, and modification of the solid‐state electrolyte interphase. According to these mechanisms, functional separator strategies for regulating Li‐ion flux are divided into three methodologies, and typical examples are introduced. Finally, current limitations and suggestions for future functional separator studies are presented, aiming to inspire engaged researchers and newcomers to trigger more exciting works in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divalent metal batteries have attracted considerable attention in scientific exploration for sustainable energy storage solutions owing to the abundant reserves of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), the competitive low redox potentials of the Mg/Mg2+ (–2.37 V vs SHE) and Ca/Ca2+ (–2.87 V vs SHE) couples, as well as the high theoretical capacities of both metal anodes. However, the development of these batteries faces fundamental challenges stemming from the limited cycling stability and efficiency of Mg/Ca metal anodes. These issues primarily originate from the sluggish electrochemical redox kinetics of the divalent metals, particularly at the anode‐electrolyte interfaces. This comprehensive review provides an up‐to‐date overview of advancements in the field of the anode‐electrolyte interface for divalent metal batteries, covering aspects ranging from its formation, morphology, and composition to their influence on the reversible electrochemical deposition of divalent metals. Recent approaches aimed at enhancing the performance of metallic Mg and Ca anodes across various electrolytes are summarized and discussed, with the goal of providing insights for the development of new strategies in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of conventional lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is hindered by the shuttle effect and corresponding safety issues. All‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) substitute the liquid electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes (SEs) to completely isolate the cathode and anode, thereby effectively suppressing polysulfide migration and growth while significantly enhancing energy density and safety. However, the development of ASSLSBs is accompanied by several challenges such as the formation of Li dendrites, electrode degradation, poor interfacial wettability, and sluggish reaction kinetics, etc. This review systematically summarizes the recent advancements made in ASSLSBs. First, a comprehensive overview of the research conducted on advanced cathodes utilizing sulfur (S) and lithium sulfide (Li2S) is displayed. Subsequently, the SEs are classified and discussed that have been implemented in ASSLSBs. Furthermore, the issues of interfaces and anodes in ASSLSBs are analyzed. Finally, based on current laboratory advancements, rational design guidelines are proposed for each component of ASSLSBs while also presenting four practical recommendations for facilitating early commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have the potentials in terms of high energy density, resource abundancy and safety beyond current lithium‐ion batteries. However, the bare Mg metal electrode is prone to be passivated by solvents, suffering from the extremely high overpotential and short life during cycling. Herein, a facile chloride‐free solution pretreatment method for Mg anode is developed to construct the fluoride‐rich artificial interphase. Driven by the strong‐Lewis‐acidity trifluoromethanesulfonate anion, the interphase consisting of magnesiophilic and fluoride‐rich components are constructed by the substitution reaction of Mg metal with antimony trifluoride. The formed porous Sb‐based skeletons can uniform the electric‐field distribution and Mg ions flux at anode side, inducing the self‐adapting dendrite‐free Mg deposition even under large current density. The generated alloyable metal fluoride enables to lower the desolvation energy barrier for Mg ions and sustainedly release metallic antimony to compensate for the potentially invalid magnesiophilic sites during cycling. Therefore the symmetric cells with modified Mg anodes achieve the excellent cycling over 2000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and under a high areal capacity of 5 mAh cm−2. The full cells with CuS cathodes exhibit a superior high voltage stability (2.6 V vs Mg/Mg2+) and high coulombic efficiency close to 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have primarily focused on promoting the (002) crystal plane of electrodeposited zinc (Zn) to grow thin Zn plates parallel to the electrode surface and thus achieving the dendrite‐suppressed Zn anodes. In contrast, this work adopts a novel approach. In situ construct a tin (Sn) modification layer on Zn foil. Through in‐depth cross‐sectional morphological analyses, the as‐designed Sn interface is observed to induce (101)‐preferred electrodeposition of Zn, leading to well‐ordered alignment of Zn thin plates “standing‐up” against the electrode surface at a universal angle of 65°. Such crystallographic characteristic consequently guarantees a flat and compact morphology of the electrochemically deposited Zn layer, thus suppressing the notorious problems of dendritic Zn growth and hydrogen generation. Consequently, the dendrite‐free Sn–Zn anode exhibits long‐term cycling stability of 4000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2, a significant improvement in comparison to the 50 h stability observed for unmodified Zn anode. The findings in this study offer a deep understanding of interface mechanisms and are instructive for innovative interface design for metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve high‐quality hard carbon nanofibers (HCNFs), and particularly flexible HCNFs films is the eternal pursuit from low‐cost coal pitch (CP). However, it is still trapped seriously by the inborn bottleneck of low‐softening‐point (LSP) characteristics of CP itself. Herein, an efficient Bi(NO3)3·5H2O‐assisted electrospinning‐carbonization methodology is creatively devised to obtain flexible HCNFs films directly from LSP CP. The essential roles of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and pre‐oxidation in constructing flexible films are rationally proposed. With further regulation in Bi(NO3)3·5H2O dosage and calcination temperatures, specific micro‐structures/morphologies of flexible HCNFs films are finely optimized. The optimum HCNFs‐1.2 film is endowed with robust structural flexibility/stability, high‐content active oxygen/nitrogen groups, abundant graphic microcrystalline zones of large interlayer spacing, and convenient ion‐diffusion channels. Thanks to such remarkable merits, HCNFs‐1.2 retains a large reversible capacity of 125.3 mAh g‒1 over 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g‒1, when evaluated as a self‐supporting film anode for sodium dual‐ion batteries (SDIBs). Furthermore, the HCNFs‐1.2‐based SDIBs deliver a specific capacity of 90.9 mAh g‒1 at 0.1 A g‒1, along with a capacity retention of 78.4% after 1500 cycles at 1.0 A g‒1. The insightful understanding here will provide meaningful guidance for rational design of advanced flexible film electrodes toward next‐generation SDIBs and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable self-assembled 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid (HPAA) layer was constructed on the Zn surface via chelation. This HPAA protective layer significantly inhibits the water-related side reactions and suppresses Zn dendrite growth. Consequently, the Zn-HPAA-1h anode shows a long cycling lifetime of 650 h in a symmetric cell at 30.0 mA cm−2. Also, the Zn-HPAA-1h//V2O5 full cell demonstrates a high capacity of 154.1 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1. This study provides a new strategy for developing dendrite-free Zn anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a novel bimetallic selenide Cu3TaSe4 anode for sodium-ion batteries synthesized via a one-step solid-state method. The integration of Ta–Se motifs into copper selenide forms a cubic grid structure that prevents copper atom aggregation and mitigates electrode failure. Cu3TaSe4 exhibits a high specific capacity of 305 mAh g−1 at 1 C, excellent rate performance of 286 mAh g−1 at 50 C, and superior cycling stability with 272 mAh g−1 after 3500 cycles at 20 C. This work demonstrates the potential of bimetallic selenides in enhancing sodium-ion battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon oxides (SiOx) have received extensive attention as a promising anode candidate for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, their commercial applications have been seriously hindered by low conductivity, large volume expansion, and unstable solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, which result in low initial coulombic efficiency, poor rate performance, and short cycling lifespan. In this work, we demonstrated a simple way to prepare a series of SiOx materials with lithium fluoride (LiF) modified. When the mass ratio of SiOx and LiF equaled 1 : 0.15, the long‐term cycling capacity retention could be greatly improved from 30.1 % to 76.5 % after 300 cycles. The result was primarily because of the enhancement of electrons and Li+‐ions transport and the stability of the SEI layer due to LiF addition. However, excess LiF addition could hinder the diffusion of Li+‐ions. This study presented the great potential of LiF modified on SiOx anode materials for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A distinguishing feature of MAX phases and their MXene derivatives is their remarkable chemical diversity. This diversity, coupled with the 2D nature of MXenes, positions them as outstanding candidates for a wide range of electrochemical applications. Chemical disorder introduced by a solid solution can improve electrochemical behavior. Up to now, adding considerable amount of tungsten (W) in MAX phase and MXenes solid solutions, which can enhance electrochemical performance, proved challenging. In this study, the synthesis of M site Ti1‐xWx solid solution MAX phases are reported. The 211‐type (Ti1‐xWx)2AlC exhibits a disordered solid solution, whereas the 312‐type (Ti1‐xWx)3AlC2 displays a near‐ordered structure, resembling o‐MAX, with W atoms preferentially occupying the outer planes. Solid‐solution MXenes, Ti2.4W0.6C2Tz, and Ti1.6W0.4CTz, are synthesized via selective etching of high‐purity MAX powder precursors containing 20% W. These MXenes are evaluated as sodium‐ion battery anodes, with Ti1.6W0.4CTz showing exceptional capacity, outperforming existing multilayer MXene chemistries. This work not only demonstrates the successful integration of W in meaningful quantities into a double transition metal solid solution MAX phase, but also paves the way for the development of cost‐effective MXenes containing W. Such advancements significantly widen their application spectrum by fine‐tuning their physical, electronic, mechanical, electrochemical, and catalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning field of energy storage battery innovation has sparked a relentless pursuit of high‐capacity anode materials to meet the escalating demand for improved energy density. Typically, these materials for batteries experience significant volume changes during cycles, which severely test the structural integrity and lifespan of electrode configurations. High‐performance binders have emerged as a critical component in addressing this challenge. Although they represent a small proportion of the battery's composition, binders play a pivotal role in enhancing electrochemical efficiency, safety, and cost‐effectiveness of batteries. The advancement of high‐capacity anode materials has rendered traditional binders inadequate, prompting the development of functional binders that are increasingly being refined to meet these requirements. This article began by outlining the role and requirements of binders within electrodes, examining cutting‐edge characterization methodologies, and discussing the "structure‐function" paradigm that underpins binder selection. It then showcased the research advancements in identifying suitable binders for high‐capacity anode materials, including silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), and germanium (Ge). In summary, the article contemplated the future direction of binder development and application in high‐capacity electrode materials. The aim is to facilitate the progression of high‐performance, high‐capacity anodes, thereby accelerating the development of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimized sodium ion battery (SIB) carbon anodes with high stability supporting high power densities are a much‐needed material class and therefore intensively researched. The optimum graphitization degree to accommodate sodium ions, while providing high conductivity, as well as the influence of particle size distribution or pore sizes on the performance of carbon anodes, is one of the most discussed topics in this field. While a lot of studies have been published discussing these questions, the convoluted nature of these parameters, originating from material synthesis constraints, usually prevents their independent optimization. Based on Mesoporous N‐doped Carbon Nanospheres (MPNC) as model carbon material systems, the graphitization temperaturefor spherical particles with a monomodal particle size distribution (≈280 nm) and a narrow pore size distribution (≈30 nm) is optimized for faradaic sodium ion storage (plateau capacity) and electrodes with a very high power density of 2680 W kg−1 at 1000 mA g−1 and a remarkable capacity retention over 2000 cycles of 86 %, only losing 0.04 % of its specific capacity per cycle, are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium (Li) metal is considered as a promising anode material for high‐energy batteries; yet, its practical application is hindered by uncontrolled Li dendrite growth, especially at a high rate. Herein, a dual conductive gradient V2CTx/MoO3 (DG‐V2CTx/MoO3) host that integrates electronic/ionic conductive gradients and lithiophilicity is prepared by layer‐by‐layer assembly for dendrite‐free Li anodes. Gradient LiF deriving from different amount of V2CTx endows a good ionic conductive gradient; while, MoO3 is regarded as a spacer to avoid the restacking of V2CTx, increasing space for Li deposition. The dual conductive gradients effectively optimize the current density and Li+ flux distribution at the bottom, achieving fast reduction of Li+ and a "bottom–up" Li deposition mode. Meanwhile, the lithiophilic V2CTx and MoO3 guide the homogeneous Li growth. As a result, the symmetrical half‐cells based on DG‐V2CTx/MoO3@Li anodes conduct 700 h at 5 mAh cm−2 and 20 mA cm−2. The DG‐V2CTx/MoO3@Li||LiFePO4 full‐cells maintain a capacity retention of 85.4% after 1350 cycles at 2 C. Remarkably, the DG‐V2CTx/MoO3@Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 full‐cells can run 150 cycles with 80.6% capacity retention even at harsh conditions. The well‐adjusted materials and structures with both dual conductive gradients and lithiophilic properties will bring inspiration for novel material design of other metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) indeed faces challenges primarily attributed to the inherent side reactions and dendrite growth associated with the Zn anode. In the present work, N‐Methylmethanesulfonamide (NMS) is introduced to optimize the transfer, desolvation, and reduction of Zn2+, achieving highly stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping. The NMS molecule can substitute one H2O molecule in the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and be preferentially chemisorbed on the Zn surface to protect Zn anode against corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby suppressing byproducts formation. Additionally, a robust N‐rich organic and inorganic (ZnS and ZnCO3) hybrid solid electrolyte interphase is in situ generated on Zn anode due to the decomposition of NMS, resulting in enhanced Zn2+ transport kinetics and uniform Zn2+ deposition. Consequently, aqueous cells with the NMS achieve a long lifespan of 2300 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, high cumulative plated capacity of 3.25 Ah cm−2, and excellent reversibility with an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.7 % over 800 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three dimensional (3D) framework structure is one of the most effective ways to achieve uniform zinc deposition and thus inhibit the Zn dendrites growth in working Zn metallic anode. A major challenge facing for the most commonly used 3D zincophilic hosts is that the zincophilic layer tends to peel off during repeatedly cycling, making it less stable. Herein, for the first time, a hetero‐superlattice Zn/ZnLi (HS−Zn/ZnLi) anode containing periodic arrangements of metallic Zn phase and zincophilic ZnLi phase at the nanoscale, is well designed and fabricated via electrochemical lithiation method. Based on binding energy and stripping energy calculation, and the operando optical observation of plating/stripping behaviors, the zincophilic ZnLi sites with a strong Zn adsorption ability in the interior of the 3D ZnLi framework structure can effectively guide uniform Zn nucleation and dendrite‐free zinc deposition, which significantly improves the cycling stability of the HS−Zn/ZnLi alloy (over 2800 h without a short‐circuit at 2 mA cm−2). More importantly, this strategy can be extended to HS−Zn/ZnNa and HS−Zn/ZnK anodes that are similar to the HS−Zn/ZnLi microstructure, also displaying significantly enhanced cycling performances in AZIBs. This study can provide a novel strategy to develop the dendrite‐free metal anodes with stable cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ construction of solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) is an effective strategy to enhance the reversibility of zinc (Zn) anodes. However, in situ SEI to afford high reversibility under high current density conditions (≥20 mA cm−2) is highly desired yet extremely challenging. Herein, we propose a dual reaction strategy of spontaneous electrostatic reaction and electrochemical decomposition for the in situ construction of SEI, which is composed of organic‐rich upper layer and inorganic‐rich inner layer. Particularly, in situ SEI performs as "growth binder" at small current density and "orientation regulator" at high current density, which significantly suppresses side reactions and dendrite growth. The in situ SEI affords the record‐breaking reversibility of Zn anode under practical conditions, Zn//Zn symmetric cells can stably cycle for over 1300 h and 400 h at current densities of 50 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, showcasing an exceptional cumulative capacity of 67.5 Ah cm−2. Furthermore, the practicality of this in situ SEI is verified in Zn//PANI pouch cells with high mass loading of 25.48 mg cm−2. This work provides a universal strategy to design advanced SEI for practical Zn‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitic side reactions and dendrite growth on zinc anodes are formidable issues causing limited lifetime of aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, a spontaneous cascade optimization strategy is first proposed to regulate Zn2+ migration‐diffusion behavior. Specifically, PAPE@Zn layer with separation‐reconstruction properties is constructed in situ on Zn anode. In this layer, well‐soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) can spontaneously separation to bulk electrolyte and weaken the preferential coordination between H2O and Zn2+ to achieve primary optimization. Meanwhile, poor‐soluble polymerized‐4‐acryloylmorpholine (PACMO) is reconstructed on Zn anode as hydrophobic flower‐like arrays with abundant zincophilic sites, further guiding the de‐solvation and homogeneous diffusion of Zn2+ to achieve the secondary optimization. Cascade optimization effectively regulates Zn2+ migration‐diffusion behavior, dendrite growth and side reactions of Zn anode are negligible, and the stability is significantly improved. Consequently, symmetrical cells exhibit stability over 4000 h (1 mA cm−2). PAPE@Zn//NH4+−V2O5 full cells with a high current density of 15 A g−1 maintains 72.2 % capacity retention for 12000 cycles. Even better, the full cell demonstrates excellent performance of cumulative capacity of 2.33 Ah cm−2 at ultra‐low negative/positive (N/P) ratio of 0.6 and a high mass‐loading (~17 mg cm−2). The spontaneous cascade optimization strategy provides novel path to achieve high‐performance and practical ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of next‐generation ultrahigh‐energy‐density Li−O2 batteries, it is imperative to develop an electrolyte with stability against the strong oxidation environments. N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) is a recognized solvent known for its robust resistance to the highly reactive reduced oxygen species, yet its application in Li−O2 batteries has been constrained due to its poor compatibility with the Li metal anode. In this study, a rationally selected hydrofluoroether diluent, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether (M3), has been introduced into the DMA‐based electrolyte to construct a localized high concentration electrolyte. The stable −CH3 and C−F bonds within the M3 structure could not only augment the fundamental properties of the electrolyte but also fortify its resilience against attacks from O2− and 1O2. Additionally, the strong electron‐withdrawing groups (−F) presented in the M3 diluent could facilitate coordination with the electron‐donating groups (−CH3) in the DMA solvent. This intermolecular interaction promotes more alignments of Li+‐anions with a small amount of M3 addition, leading to the construction of an anion‐derived inorganic‐rich SEI that enhances the stability of the Li anode. As a result, the Li−O2 batteries with the DMA/M3 electrolyte exhibit superior cycling performance at both 30 °C (359th) and −10 °C (120th). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous electrolyte additives are considered one of the most promising agents for improving the cycling stability and practicality of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their multiple functions, low cost, and easy operation. The application of these electrolyte additives could significantly suppress the corrosion reaction, dendrite growth, and the hydrogen evolution reaction originating from the zinc anodes. In light of the intensive research of electrolyte additives and the significant progress that have been made in recent years, this review will focus on the mechanism and nature behind the improved performance contributed by the additives. A comprehensive overview of the origins of the challenges above will be presented firstly. Furthermore, the basic function principles of most reported additives are summarized and categorized, aiming to induce a deep and logical consideration of the use of the electrolyte additives in practical or large capacity cells. Finally, this review outlines the prospective advancement of electrolyte additives, inspiring the application of advanced characterization techniques in enhancing the understanding of AZIBs and laying the groundwork for the possibility of commercialization of AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low effective capacity, inferior initial Coulombic efficiency, and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) of silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) pose significant challenges for the widespread application. Herein, to circumvent these issues, a micron‐sized SiOC‐based anode with 3D structure is constructed by Si and Cu co‐doping using solvent‐free ball milling for high‐performance LIBs. The Cu3Si alloy is formed in situ as an intermediate that is anchored to the surface of Si within the SiOC matrix. The unique 3D SiOC‐based anode with Cu3Si interphase provides fast electron conductivity and high mechanical strength, while facilitating the formation of a robust and LiF‐rich SEI. Specifically, the SiOC‐based anode delivers excellent cyclic stability and rate capability (750.0 mAh g−1 for 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1). Notably, the full cells equipped with an NCM811 cathode maintain this cyclic stability, achieving a 93.0% capacity retention after 150 cycles. This work provides insights into the rational fabrication of a 3D micron‐sized SiOC‐based anode with an in situ generated Cu3Si interphase for advanced LIBs and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unified one-dimensional model of an arc plasma in air, between copper electrodes, that includes the change of the gap distance is presented. The occurrence of multiple reversals of the electric field and the anode voltage drop is observed. The evolution of the spatial distribution of the electron and heavy particle temperatures with the gap distance and the opening speed is also studied. The model quantitatively predicts a number of plasma properties under conditions that are relevant to the contact separation in low-voltage switching devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contact prelithiation is widely used to compensate for the initial capacity loss of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the low utilization of the Li source, which suffers from the deteriorated contact interfaces, results in cycling degeneration. Herein, Li−Ag alloy‐based artificial electron channels (AECs) are established in Li source/graphite anode contact interfaces to promote Li‐source conversion. Due to the shielding effect of the Li−Ag alloy (50 at. % Li) on Li‐ion diffusion, the dry‐state interfacial corrosion is restricted. The unblocked electronic conduction across the AEC‐involved interface not only facilitates the Li‐source conversion but also accelerates the prelithiation kinetics during the wet‐state process, resulting in an ultrahigh Li‐source utilization (90.7 %). Implementing AEC‐assisted prelithiation in a LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 pouch cell yields a 35.8 % increase in energy density and stable cycling over 600 cycles. This finding affords significant insights into the construction of an efficient prelithiation technology for the development of high‐energy LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the electrochemical performance of the Zn solid‐state battery, we introduce simonkolleite as a novel anode material. With oxygen vacancies on its surface, simonkolleite exhibits both electrical and chemical activity; these vacancies serve as n‐type donors, significantly improving the material's conductivity. In this research, simonkolleite is synthesized using a straightforward and cost‐effective method and employed as the anode. The all‐solid‐state Zn battery combines the simonkolleite anode, sodium silicate (SS) electrolyte, and graphite film (GF) cathode. Our battery configuration (simonkolleite/Ingot SS/GF) achieves a high 1280 mAh g−1 capacity and demonstrates improved cyclic stability. The large‐scale module battery can also power a motor‐fan unit for 1 h and 19 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic degradation method with PbO2/rGO electrode (anode) was chosen to treat Safranine-O waste because it was cheap and environmentally friendly. This research aimed to study the electrocatalytic efficiency of PbO2/rGO working electrode in Safranine-O removal. In this research, rGO and PbO2/rGO electrodes were synthesized and applied to Safranine-O removal through electrochemical degradation. The characterization results of the morphology of rGO are in the form of a layered structure and have the atomic composition of C (82.87%) and O (17.13%). The characterization results of PbO2/rGO are uniform particles with gaps/pores that appear relatively large. The rGO particles in the form of sheets (layers) seem to be distributed on the surface of PbO2. PbO2/rGO electrode has the atomic composition of C (87.24%), O (9.03), and Pb (3.73). The application of PbO2/rGO anode to the electrochemical degradation of Safranine-O showed good performance. It was able to perform dye removal (DE%), as well as a decrease in BOD and COD values up to >95% within 10 minutes at a concentration of 20 ppm. Application on real waste also showed the ability of dye removal, COD, and BOD reduction up to >95%. Coating or modifying the PbO2 anode with rGO can reduce the dissolution of Pb2+ ions in the solution during the electrochemical degradation. This study concluded that the PbO2/rGO electrode has improved the efficiency in Safranine-O degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring high-performance carbon anodes that are low-cost and easily accessible is the key to the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries. Producing carbon materials from bio by-products is an intriguing strategy for sodium-ion battery anode manufacture and for high-value utilization of biomass. Herein, a novel hard carbon (PPHC) was prepared via a facile pyrolysis process followed by acid treatment using biowaste pomegranate peel as the precursor. The morphology and structure of the PPHC were influenced by the carbonization temperature, as evidenced by physicochemical characterization. The PPHC pyrolyzed at 1100 °C showed expanded interlayer spacing and appropriate oxygen group content. When used as a sodium ion battery anode, the PPHC-1100 demonstrated a reversible capacity of up to 330 mAh g−1, maintaining 174 mAh g−1 at an increased current rate of 1 C. After 200 cycles at 0.5 C, the capacity delivered by PPHC-1100 was 175 mAh g−1. The electrochemical behavior of PPHC electrodes was investigated, revealing that the PPHC-1100 possessed increased capacitive-controlled energy storage and improved ion transport properties, which explained its excellent electrochemical performance. This work underscores the feasibility of high-performance sodium-ion battery anodes derived from biowaste and provides insights into the sodium storage process in biomass-derived hard carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pursuing of straightforward and cost‐effective methods for synthesizing high‐performance anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries is a topic of significant interest. This study elucidates a one‐step synthesis approach for a conversion composite using glow discharge in a nickel formate solution, yielding a composite precursor comprising metallic nickel, nickel hydroxide, and basic nickel salts. Subsequent annealing of the precursor facilitated the formation of the Ni@NiO composite, exhibiting exceptional electrochemical properties as anode material in Li‐ion batteries: a capacity of approximately 1000 mAh g−1, cyclic stability exceeding 100 cycles, and favorable rate performance (200 mAh g−1 at 10 A g

Bismine sodium salt (BSNa), a Schiff base with two sodium carboxylates, has shown promising electrochemical performance as an anode material. However, its synthesis involves toxic reagents and generates impurities, requiring significant solvent use for purification. This study introduces a novel synthetic method using sodium hydroxide as the sole reagent, which acts as both a base and Na source in the ion exchange step. With this procedure, we reduce the amounts of chemicals, diminish toxicity, improve the purity of the target compound, and use less solvent while maintaining comparable electrochemical performance. Additionally, the procedure is carried out under anhydrous conditions that avoid the undesirable hydrolysis of the imine linkages. In a previous report, the processing of the composite electrode was not established. In this article, we address this issue; the electrochemical performance, specifically the rate capability, is enhanced by processing the electrodes in laminate form rather than powder. As alternative to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), a common but disadvantageous solvent in laminate processing, other solvents were explored by testing acetone (DMK), methylisopropylketone (MIPK), and a DMK-NMP mixture. The remarkable electrochemical performance (specific capacity of 260–280 mAh/g, and capacity retentions higher than 84% at 1C (260 mA/g) remained consistent across these solvents. Furthermore, we investigated replacing copper with aluminum as the current collector to reduce costs and increase the energy density of the battery. While aluminum performed comparably to copper at low specific currents C/10 (26 mA/g), it showed a significant shift in the redox process potentials at higher specific currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]