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This practice-based approach argues service learning can teach social justice in parks & recreation management education. The US parks system creation and history is rooted in injustice. Use of US parks and park service employment remain inequitable today. Significant work must be done in the provision of recreation and park services to all members of the community, including those who have been traditionally marginalized or underserved. The industry requires recreation and parks professionals at all levels who are informed and intentional about inclusion and social justice, which starts with parks and recreation management education. Service-learning, a form of experiential learning allows students to participate in an organized service activity, meeting identified community needs and reflecting on the service activity, to further understand course content, foster a broader appreciation of the discipline, and enhance their sense of civic responsibility. The paper describes a semester long service learning example. Upper-level undergraduate sport management and hospitality and tourism management students at a small, private college in the Southeast adopted a park in collaboration with the local Parks & Recreation department. The students created a new recreational amenity site plan including access for persons with disabilities, designed new educational signage, and removed invasive flora species. The course contained content modules on social justice issues, including the history of Native Americans and the parks systems, racial discrimination in parks and parks administration, and recreational access for persons with disabilities and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Students met content knowledge learning objectives and reported skill acquisition and application of course material outside the classroom. With revision to improve student satisfaction, expand coverage of other marginalized groups in parks and recreation, and more explicitly connect course activities to equity and inclusion, this model can be replicated to successfully teach social justice.

The function of "Ikatan Guru Raudhatul Athfal," or what so-called by IGRA is ideally as a forum for professional development of educators and educational members of Early Childhood Education or ECE institutions. This research is aimed to figure out challenges faced by IGRA in East Kalimantan in relation to principles of organizational management i.e, planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling, or what so-called by POAC. In-dept interview was done to the head and members of IGRA in East Kalimantan in four different cities i.e, Samarinda, Balikpapan, Tenggarong, and Berau. Findings of this research indicate that principles of organizational management have not effectively been employed due to very crucial challenges, including leadership, organizational funding, IGRA members competency, government support, and some other critical barriers that trigger insufficient management implementation of IGRA in East Kalimantan. Research implications and suggestions are discussed further in this research.

This paper describes the findings of an exploratory study to understand industry satisfaction with administrative procedures and the value of student Work Integrated Learning (WIL) placements in health services management. The research aimed to collect data to identify potential areas for improvement of administrative processes for WIL and to determine the value received from host sites through student placement. We used a survey to collect both quantitative and qualitative data using an instrument we developed for this study. The survey was distributed to workplace supervisors hosting health services management students. Using descriptive statistics and analysing responses received the views reflected that students complete work of value within their organisations and students are placed in a diverse range of health care settings private, public, and non-government organisations. Feedback received from workplace supervisors has been used to improve WIL administrative processes, streamline communications, and provide further clarity of expectations. This paper will be of interest to Universities who offer niche programs, such as in health services management, and in describing the value of WIL from industry perspectives. The study has also identified future areas for research such as replication of the survey and testing in other academic disciplines who support work integrated learning courses.

Genre studies on the job cover letter (letter of application) have focused mainly on linguistic analyses of the genre in terms of the generic structure and linguistic strategies commonly used by applicants. These studies have taken the view that the cover letter was an open-ended opportunity for favourable self-promotion. However, to date no study has provided a detailed description of the context in which these letters were written. This study examines one essential contextual aspect, the job advertisement, and its impact on the cover letter. It aims to determine if the cover letter is still of major significance in the application process in the digital era. Based on a genre-based analysis of a case study of an online job advertisement from an Australian-based recruitment website together with the response of an applicant, it is found that the open-ended and creative cover letter may no longer be the preeminent genre of the job application process.

The aim of this study is to assess the impact that the current status of the country and of the education system has on the identity and place attachment of the students attending the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th grades of the elementary school, in the context of the meanings these students attribute to the concept of homeland via the metaphors they have created and the pictures they have drawn. The study was conducted on 27 male and 33 female students that attend the Yedidalga Elementary School in the Lefke District of Northern Cyprus. Metaphors and pictures were chosen as the tools to assess the students' perceptions of the concept of homeland, and for this reason, the students were asked to reflect their perceptions of the concept of homeland on the metaphors they create and on the pictures they draw. The data obtained were analyzed using the methods of descriptive analysis and document analysis. Students produced a total of 20 metaphors that were categorized into 4 themes about the concept of homeland, and produced pictures, in which they used blue color the most followed by green color. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that the students' perceptions about the concept of homeland focus mostly on national values and loyalty, and that the elementary school students associated the concept of homeland predominantly with a sense of protection of national values. [The page range on the .pdf (85-98) is incorrect. The correct page range is 84-98.]

Individuals and societies continue and end their lives within the framework of values. One of the most important of these values is the concept of homeland. Homeland refers to the land, where the individuals were born and live in, a piece of which may also be owned by such individuals. The concept of homeland is always given utmost importance in the curricula. In this context, it is important to determine the perceptions of elementary and middle school students towards the concept of homeland in order for foreseeing the love they felt for, and the importance they attach to, the geography they live in. In this study, it is aimed to reveal what students understand from the concept of homeland through metaphors. Phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research patterns, was used in this research. The study group of the research comprises 580 students. "Convenience sampling" was used in sample selection. In this study, elementary and middle school students were given a form of incomplete sentences in the following format of "Homeland is like ............... Because ................." as a data collection tool, and then they were asked to write their opinions by filling the blanks. The results of the study revealed that the participants expressed a total of 59 metaphors in relation to the concept of homeland. Based on the metaphors developed by students for the concept of "homeland", 7 categories were created. These categories are; Administration, Vitality, Concrete Object, National Value, Security, Value, Social Environment. The results of the study indicate that particular attention should be paid to the synonyms of the word "Homeland". It would be useful to organize certain activities in order to create a sense of belonging and national awareness among the students.

The aim of the study was to examine the differences between the sports training and services provided by local governments in Istanbul, a metropolitan city, and the city of Bursa. The sample of the study was chosen randomly among the residents of both provinces. There were a total of 519 participants, 288 (55.5%) selected in Istanbul and 231 (44.5%) selected from Bursa. The research used a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part consists of 10 single-item demographic questions developed by the researcher (age, gender, marital status, chronic illness, education, occupation, economic status, participation in activities, weekly sports time, and city of residence). In the research, the "Opinion of Public about Sports Services of Local Authorities" scale developed by Tekin (2013) for his thesis on Keçiören Municipality in Ankara province was used. The scale consists of 4 sub-dimensions. These sub-dimensions are: Sports Services (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Sports Management (items 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), Sports Facility Operation (items 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) and Sports Facility Usage (items 19, 20, 21, 22, 23). The SPSS (25.0) program was used for the analysis of the data. Frequency and percentage values were used in descriptive statistics. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups for data that did not show normal distribution. A statistically significant difference was found between the scores for sports management, sports facility operation and sports facility usage provided by local governments in the cities of Bursa and Istanbul (p <0.05). Participants in Istanbul were found to have higher scores in sports management, sports facility operation and sports facility usage compared to participants from Bursa, and the difference was found to be significant (p<0.05). [Note: The page range (137-148) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range for this article is p137-149. The following article begins on page 149.]

This paper aims to explore how the Hellenic Open University managed to adapt to the new normal of the pandemic and particularly what methods it deployed in its postgraduate Healthcare Management program. The first part introduces the key features of the Hellenic Open University and analyzes the strategic policy deployed by the University during the pandemic through the pillars of academic integrity, openness and excellence. The second part presents the research method and findings regarding both instructors and students of the Healthcare Management postgraduate program. The third part concludes that the policy introduced by University had a positive effect overall both to academic staff and healthcare practitioners. The importance and innovation of this study lies in the fact that it emphasizes on adult students who are in their crashing majority healthcare practitioners and thus have already a saying regarding the pandemic's management. The scope of the research was to demonstrate that this student audience had a significant input in the teaching procedure, since they were at the forefront of the pandemic crisis. In this regard, the instructor-student relationship was more than ever reciprocal based on the knowledge of the first and the experience of the latter.

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) clubs are gaining momentum as a means for engaging students in STEM-related activities. Despite this growth, there have been limited attempts to examine the conditions that inform practice in these informal educational spaces. This paper addresses that gap through a comprehensive literature review of empirical and practitioner publications, with a focus on synthesising the approaches that support STEM clubs to be effective learning environments. In total, 33 papers were included in this review. Through a rigorous literature review process, the research team identified a number of key focus areas that support the achievement of learning outcomes and programme sustainability. These focus areas are grouped into three key themes -- club management, environment, and program evaluation -- that STEM club practitioners should attend to in order to ensure a well-informed approach. Within in each theme a number of sub-dimensions were identified, which provide practical insights and lived examples of how these conditions can be enacted within STEM clubs in ways that speak to quality. The evidence-based findings presented in this paper can be used by practitioners to guide STEM club practice. Further, the paper identifies where research is required to explore contemporary practice in informal education settings.

Purpose: This paper aims to demonstrate how the Nordic model, featuring highly regulated trade union-employer collaboration, has enabled the building of learning organizations through a co-generative learning model involving both practitioners and action researchers. Design/methodology/approach: A literature search on the Nordic sociotechnical systems tradition led to a further search based on the snowball method. This paper reveals how the unique features of the Nordic model for work life through union-management relations constitute a formal system for building learning organizations. Findings: This paper acknowledges the difference in power that exists between the social parties within the Nordic model. However, the practice is not due solely to the political structure in which trade unions, employers' associations and the state form a tripartite collaboration, and thus, create a framework for workplace collaboration. This tripartite collaboration has enabled the development of an organizational practice by action researchers, union representatives and companies over several decades. Originality/value: Limited literature has explicitly linked the formal structures of the Nordic model of work life and the effort to develop learning organizations. This paper addresses criticism that the research field has not fully considered power issues when developing a learning organization. It demonstrates how the Nordic model as a formal structure creates a system of democratic norms and rules that facilitates a safe arena for employees to invest their effort in co-generating a learning organization.

The goal of this study was to build knowledge about the perspectives of library leaders who have experience with a responsibility center management (RCM) budget model and how the model guides library allocations and planning. The study also sought to provide advice to other library leaders whose institutions may consider adopting an RCM budget model.

Objective: The current paper presents a comparison of university policies and health and academic accommodations offered to undergraduate students following sexual assault (SA) and sports-related concussions (SRC). Procedures and protocols for universities to consider adapting from their SRC policies to their SA policies are detailed. Participants: The SRC and SA policies at the 50 United States public flagship universities were analyzed. Methods: The research team coded for a number of policy details including health referrals, academic and financial accommodations, and requirements for follow-up with university personnel. Results: Compared to SA polices, SRC policies at the public flagship universities offer more comprehensive academic accommodations and physical and mental health resources. Conclusions: Comprehensive policies for student SA survivors, like those available for students who suffer SRCs, would improve student health and academic outcomes and increase SA survivors' likelihood of graduating college, thereby reducing individual and societal human capital loses.

This study explores school district leaders' strategies for managing the intersecting challenges of ambiguity, befuddlement, and contestation produced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on interview data from district leaders in the United States, the analysis is framed in existing research regarding how public administrators navigate competing values when making choices that have implications for 'how ought we to be?' in a given situation. We find that district leaders employed two strategies to manage these conflicts: (1) trying to focus on the expressed or inferred needs of political factions rather than the core disagreement and using personal and relational capital to manage disappointment and compromise; and (2) shifting the focus of leadership goals within the context of their original vision and core values. This study provides insight into both how educational leaders sort through value conflicts and the organisational implications of those processes.

I center the experiences of four Latina educators working in Chicago Public Schools (CPS) to learn about their activism amidst the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a storying methodological approach (San Pedro, Res Teach Engl 50(2):132-153, 2015; San Pedro & Kinloch, Am Educ Res J 54(15):373S-394S, 2017), this project is guided by the following research question: How were Latina educator activists organizing around justice-based issues during the pandemic? The findings of this study highlight how the lack of support and respect from CPS's top-down management approach shaped the activism participants engaged in? particularly in their use of mutual aid to advocate for the communities they serve. Moreover, as active members of the Chicago Teachers Union, participants sustained their activism through the support they received from their union and the solidarity and joy forged with their students and each other. This study builds upon existing knowledge of Latina teacher activists by highlighting the critical role their identities, experiences, and expertise play in understanding how policy impacts them and how they shape policy through their activism.

The purpose of the study is to form a methodological approach to managing the professional development of employees in order to achieve the maximum effect of the digital transformation of the organisation. The authors analysed the environment for implementing the processes of digitalisation of organisations in Russia, identified existing limitations and lagging behind developed countries. The article systematises the risks of digital transformation of the organisation. The priority of levelling personnel risks arising from the discrepancy between the level of development of the organisation's personnel and the new digital requirements, as well as due to the low adaptive capacity of the staff, is justified. A methodological approach to the creation of a management system for the professional development of the organisation's personnel is proposed. A model of its implementation is developed based on the formation of a profile of employee competencies, identification and assessment of the personnel risk of digital transformation, and realisation of a differentiated set of measures.

Prior research has indicated that students in the undergraduate physics lab divide work inequitably with regard to gender. In this work, we further probed women's experiences in lab group work, focusing on women who take on managerial and leadership roles in the lab. We interviewed and surveyed women enrolled in a sophomore-level project-based lab course, drawing on a practice-linked identity framework to characterize their opportunities for engagement and identity development within the course. Although we observed some gender inequities in group work, we also found that taking on a manager role had a positive impact on many women's development of physics lab identity. Our results suggest that instructors should take into account women's individual experiences and preferences for particular roles when structuring equitable group work.

The study assesses the correlation between on-the-job training methods and the organisational typology in Mongolia. Significant correlation was revealed between OJT methods and the commonwealth organisations, service organisations, maintenance organisations and business organisations, and mutual benefit associations (SE 0.000); while moderate correlation was revealed with managerial organisations (SE 0.002). The study shows that in this era of organisational transformations toward learning and knowledge-driven institutions, on-the-job training is the key tool that allows flexible adaptation to the market and constantly improves effectiveness and productivity. It surmises that Mongolian organisations are at the earlier stage of adopting effective on-the-job training methods and its appropriate utilisation according to the typology of the organisations. The study highlights further utilisation of effective on-the-job training methods and serves as a sound basis for interventions by steering organisations in Mongolia to consider implementing standardised training methods as practiced by international organisations.

Purpose: Although grounded theory (GT) was introduced in 1967, GT remains widely misunderstood as scholars incorporate a limited spectrum of the GT techniques and fail to integrate GT's full potential into academic research. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to discuss divergences between four GT strategies and by doing so to provide criteria for making an informed choice between one GT approach or another. Design/methodology/approach: The study offers a comparative analysis of four GT approaches by relying on a recently completed empirical work focused on the practice and perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in non-Western context conducted by the author. Findings: As a result, the study outlines the main points of divergence between the four GT strategies and discusses how their differences impact the research outcomes, theoretical products and application of the proposed theories in organisational and management research. Research limitations/implications: As a result of the comparative analysis, the study will help researchers make an informed choice when selecting one GT approach or another. Originality/value: The study demonstrates the potential of GT in organisational and management research by utilising a practical example of GT's implementation from a recently completed empirical study.

Some evidence shows that educational leaders have become more aware and knowledgeable of school counseling programs since the ASCA National Model was released more than 20 years ago. However, such research is based on self-reported perceptions and experiences. This study aimed to develop an inventory to objectively assess the level of knowledge about comprehensive school counseling programs among educational leaders. After developing the Educational Leaders' Knowledge of School Counseling Inventory (ELKSCI), we collected validity and reliability data among school counseling experts and leaders.

A routine critique of programmatic accreditation in the academic discipline of sport management is the tangible return from investment in specialized accreditation. As the sole accrediting body offering programmatic accreditation in the field of sport management education, the Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA) provides members with a systematic outcome-oriented approach to assist in the development of holistic sport management undergraduate and graduate degree programs. A strategic emphasis on professional competencies' (e.g., Common Professional Components) and student outcomes' assessment positions COSMA to be of unique value to accredited programs, specifically in the area of curriculum development. Utilizing direct student feedback, this study examined student perceptions of a sport management undergraduate curriculum at a COSMA-accredited institution. Results indicated that undergraduate students found COSMA-accredited sport management courses to be enjoyable, relevant, and of practical value. Findings are illustrative of the significance of programmatic accreditation through COSMA to the sampled institution in both systematic curriculum development and student perceptions of quality.

Program-level accreditation ensures that students will be equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to be successful in a career that is based on industry standards. Numerous researchers have reported the cost and benefits of pursuing specialized accreditation in different disciplines. There is a dearth of research related to specialized accreditation at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in general and none specifically for sport management accreditation. Therefore, this study aims to fill the void of research on the perception of the Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA) by faculty and administrators at HBCUs. The researchers were given permission to utilize an existing survey. Results of this study found that the top benefits of accreditation were accountability for program improvements and recognition as a superior (elite) program/institution. Cost and redundancy were reported as major barriers to COSMA. Although HBCUs must deal with fewer resources and a lower budget than most predominantly White institutions (PWI), they are evaluated using the same accreditation standards as PWIs. Therefore, if HBCU sport management programs are going to seek accreditation with COSMA, they must be understood within the context in which they are operating--and how that may be different from PWIs.

This study employs social network analysis (SNA) to identify influential individuals and their communication patterns within Chinese schools in Wenzhou. The research also aims to reveal communication and advice-seeking patterns that significantly impact the overall distributed leadership structure and practices within the schools. The study employed a multistage random sampling method to select eight Chinese schools from Wenzhou, Zhejiang province. A total of 276 teachers completed a Social Network Survey (SNS) questionnaire, and UCINET Software was utilised to analyse the network data. The study found that each school exhibited a unique centrality, density, and reciprocity, leading to different key actors. Network properties demonstrated some associations with leadership distributions, with centrality being particularly prominent. Limited communication between principals and teachers was observed, which could potentially impact the distribution of leadership. This study provides valuable insights into the social dynamics of key players and groups within the network of the selected schools in China. The research introduces social network analysis as an alternative method for identifying the leadership practice structure in the school domain. By measuring the overall cohesion and fragmentation of the network, the study reveals the flow of information and influence between individuals.

Volunteering at short-term, high-profile sporting events has become an increasingly popular form of experiential learning within the sport management discipline. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of sport management student volunteers regarding outcomes of their participation in this endeavor. Data was collected via surveys emailed to students at the conclusion of their volunteer experience. Quantitative results (n = 54) yielded many findings, including levels of students' perceived learning in a number of transferable skill areas and career management competencies. Further, the results showed that this learning was primarily derived from engaging in assigned duties, speaking with event attendees, and informal meetings/conversations with faculty during the trip as opposed to formal training activities. Qualitative results provided some insight into disadvantages that may have diminished the learning experience for students. These results yield practical implications for educators and event managers, while also suggesting potential future research directions.

Leadership issues in shadow education are under-researched in national, regional and international contexts. In China, local and central governments have imposed stringent control on academic K9 paid tutorial lessons, provided by cram schools under the new double reduction policy (DRP). Many large-scale cram schools have undergone drastic changes in their organizational structure, marketing strategies and the working environment under the COVID-19 attack and DRP. This study aims to conceptualize how their academic managers in some regions of China exhibited traits of entrepreneurial leadership involving competence and resilience. Qualitative research methods included content analysis of policy documents, observation of tutorial lessons and semi-structured interviews with academic managers. Without overgeneralization, this study merely acts as a motivational guide for complementing the existing research literature on cram schools in China and enriching the international research literature on entrepreneurial leadership in mass tutoring. [Translation from Spanish by Mercè Rius.]

School districts, administrators, and teachers faced an unprecedented challenge as schools closed due to COVID-19. SBAE teachers were no exception to this and faced the unique challenge of teaching technical content through virtual platforms. The purpose of this study was to explore SBAE teacher emotional exhaustion amid the shared trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined emotional exhaustion, teacher self-efficacy, technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), and perceived supportive actions from administration in Ohio SBAE teachers. Paired samples t-tests indicated increases in emotional exhaustion -- with a medium effect size in participants from spring to autumn of 2020. A serial multiple mediator model indicated supportive administrator actions significantly predicted TPACK and emotional exhaustion, while TPACK significantly predicted teacher self-efficacy at the time of measurement. Within the mediation model, no significant indirect effects were found. Further research should examine the factors behind administrative support for teachers to help mitigate emotional exhaustion in the teacher population.

In Indonesia, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is corporate activity that is regulated by the law. By means of the Investment Law No. 25 year of 2007 and the Limited Liability Company Act No. 40 year of 2007, it is regulated that every company in Indonesia is obliged to implement CSR. However, these regulations are not set technically; therefore, some local governments have made guidelines for the implementation of CSR through the District Regulations. The problems of this study are: (1) how is the CSR regulation model in the District Regulation? (2) What are the company's attitude and the company's request towards the CSR regulation in the District? This study uses normative law research method that examines the provisions of the law, as well as empirical legal research method that used to observe the behavior and the attitude of the government and corporate actors. This research took place in several provinces in Indonesia. The results of this research are: First, the CSR regulation in regional area is formulated based on local government authorities. The provisions of these district regulations are customized to the interests of each region, although it still normatively refers to the standard legislation. Second: The Company's attitudes prefer the self-regulated regulations arranged by their respective companies. Additionally, the setting of CSR can make the arrangement of CSR activities in accordance with the District Government program; as a result, it can speed up the community development.

The future of tertiary education grapples with the opportunities, affordances, and limitations of online teaching and learning (T&L), and educators' valuable insights and experiences can shape and enhance the tertiary sector. The current study provided tertiary educators with an opportunity to anonymously share their online T&L experiences, beliefs, attitudes, and needs in the wake of COVID-19. This dialogue was initiated to promote openness, identify common challenges, and enable tailored resources unique to Aotearoa New Zealand. Our sample comprises 245 educators from 16 tertiary institutions using an online questionnaire to capture their opinions and comments. Although most participants described themselves as confident educators when teaching in a face-to-face environment, they reported comparatively low teacher self-efficacy when teaching online and held mixed attitudes toward online T&L. Educators also reported having poorer wellbeing during the shift to online T&L, and were uneasy about the sub-par quality of learning experiences for their students. In particular, there were broad concerns around the (limited) ability to build meaningful relationships with learners when teaching online, and expressed worry about the potential limitations of online T&L for their respective disciplines. Such concerns may worsen unless tertiary institutions and senior management (1) provide educators with agency, autonomy, and flexibility over "how" to teach students in their respective courses and qualifications; (2) equip educators with high-quality online T&L resources, training, and professional development, and (3) ensure that educators' workload is accurate if there are changes to online T&L delivery modes. We include recommendations so that educators can be empowered and support their students.

Introduction: Echolalia, the repetition of others' speech, is a common observation in autistic people. Research has established that echolalia is functional and meaningful for many; however, some clinicians and researchers continue to characterise it as pathological and in need of reduction. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the range and impact of interventions for echolalia in autistic children. Method: A systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 15 studies met predetermined inclusion criteria. Screening, data extraction and quality rating using the Scientific Merit Rating Scale (SMRS) were performed in duplicate. Results: Ten interventions across 15 papers were found. Results indicated that interventions generally decreased levels of echolalia. However, there were considerable inconsistencies in the definitions and conceptualisations of echolalia, administration, generalisation techniques and the measures used. The quality of the studies was very low. Conclusion: Interventions for echolalia vary widely in terms of administration and measurement. There is limited consensus on the definition of echolalia among the reviewed studies, and no evidence that echolalia is recognised as functional or meaningful to the autistic children. Further, the lack of methodological rigour makes it difficult to draw clinical conclusions about the interventions.

Succession planning could ensure leadership continuity in an organization. Organizations start to realize the importance of strong leadership to maintain, grow, and sustain long-term business productivity. The semi-structured interview which lasts for thirty to forty minutes was used as the interview technique throughout this research because the semi-structured interview is more conversational and it also allowed the researcher to ask the questions in a more flexible way. The interview method found out the systematic succession planning system in University A. The primary data was from interviews that shows the systematic succession planning in University A, and the gathered data will show some of the practices. Overall, the succession planning management had followed up the seven-pointed model as proposed by Rothwell. The seven-pointed model as proposed by Rothwell had ensured the process of identifying a management position at the selected university. In this study, the research objective and research question has been answered by the researcher. The final results further explained the process of succession planning together with the recommendation of the study. Future research on succession planning in higher education can be improved to get better research results as if the data collection can be expanded to all levels of management in University A, as compared to this research which only covered the staff involved in the strategic position level.

The article reviews the literature in the field of academic journal publishing highlighting the phenomenon of the recent entry of Internet-driven open access journals into a field dominated by the traditional subscription journals. The article has a twofold purpose of gaining an understanding of the main features and characteristics of the open access journal system through a review of the literature; and assessing the extent of adoption of open access by researchers in the management discipline through a review of the management publications by the University of the West Indies (UWI) researchers. A sequential exploratory strategy of two phases was used. The first phase focused on the collection of secondary data on journal publishing and the second involved reviewing the publishing record of the UWI with particular reference to management research. The main finding is that open access was not fully embraced as a publishing outlet because of academic resistance derived from questions of acceptability, and the existence of a system that assigns greater recognition to the established subscription journals. The article concludes that open access journals have grown in respectability and quality and are a good option for publishing management research by authors located in developing regions, provided the operational characteristics of this mode of publishing are understood and caution in journal selection is exercised.

This study compared students' expectations, perceptions, and grades in two undergraduate technology management courses at a university in the United States. One course was a technical course taught by a single instructor in an online course section and in a face-to-face section, and the second was a nontechnical course taught by a different instructor in an online and in a face-to-face section. Different concerns were evident between online and face-to-face students and between those in a technical or nontechnical section of a course. For the technical course sections, grades were higher in the online section.

Many children with developmental disabilities are not identified before age 3 years of age, preventing them from being able to fully benefit from early intervention services. Early childhood educators, particularly those in Early Head Start (EHS) programs, are important partners in the early identification of children with developmental delays. "Learn the Signs. Act Early." (LTSAE) is a program of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that provides free developmental monitoring resources to increase the early identification of children with developmental delays and disabilities. This paper presents findings from the first evaluation of the use of LTSAE resources in EHS, which was conducted across four states and 11 EHS programs from fall 2018 through spring 2019. Surveys (n = 448) and interviews (n = 39) with EHS management, staff, and parents indicated that LTSAE resources were valued and accepted, and their use in EHS considered feasible. Importantly, families and staff reported the LTSAE materials provided shared language to help them more effectively discuss development. These findings inform EHS and other early education programs that wish to enhance developmental monitoring, screening, and referral.

There remains limited work that examines the use of postcolonial theory in sport management, and even less so in sport management education. The purpose of this paper is to outline a performative approach, guided by postcolonial management theory, and its utilization within sport management classrooms. The paper highlights two forms of performativity--critical and progressive--and identifies and discusses specific pedagogies that educators may adopt for student learning about the dominance of Westernized understandings of management and organizations. Integrating a postcolonial management theory, performative approach in sport management education in conjunction with socially just pedagogies seeks to acknowledge and disrupt a reliance on Westernized ideologies. The paper concludes by discussing the significance of postcolonial management theory for sport management education.

The current challenges facing the electoral system could undermine the peaceful transfer of power and the integrity of elections, two cornerstones of democratic governance. Thus, it is vital to help young people understand how the electoral system works, including the processes in place to ensure accuracy and fairness as well as the real challenges to electoral integrity, such as voter suppression. In this article, the authors describe an inquiry-based mini-unit for students to explore how the electoral system works and how they can take informed action to address the real problems that elections now face. Teaching students about the U.S. processes and security safeguards that ensure fair elections can foster youth civic engagement and help counter voter suppression.