60 results on '"A. M. Bazargan"'
Search Results
52. The electroless nickel plating of catalytically graphitized electrospun carbon nanofibers
- Author
-
Maryam Esmaeilpour Ganji, Mansour Keyanpour-rad, Sasan Ghashghai, and A. M. Bazargan
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fabrication ,Carbon nanofiber ,Scanning electron microscope ,General Chemical Engineering ,Electroless nickel plating ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,Catalysis ,symbols.namesake ,Nickel ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Nanofiber ,symbols ,Raman spectroscopy - Abstract
Catalytically graphitized electrospun carbon nanofibers were plated with nickel using a commercial electroless bath for the first time. The nanofiber fabrication process was performed in the presence of nickel as the graphitization catalyst at a temperature of 1400 °C. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the achievement of a satisfactory degree of graphitization for the carbon nanofibers. After sensitization and activation processes, the nanofibers were submerged for 20 min in the electroless bath at a temperature of 45 °C and a pH value of 9. Results from scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that a pure, crystalline and uniform nickel coating of 186 nm thickness was formed on the surface of the nanofibers.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Effectiveness of the Ayurvedic Herbal Supplement Pancreas Tonic® in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Author
-
S. H. Hsia, M. Bazargan, and M.B. Davidson
- Subjects
General Medicine ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. P02-106 - Ascertainment of Individual Specifications of Addicts Admitted to Tehran Treatment Centers
- Author
-
M. Bazargan and M. Moraveji
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Addiction ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ,mental disorders ,Unemployment ,Drug addict ,medicine ,Personality ,medicine.symptom ,Paranoia ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Mania ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
PurposeThis is an analytical-descriptive study aimed at analyzing individual specifications of addicts who have gone to treatment centers of Tehran in the year 2008.Materials and methodsInvestigation members were all addicts admitted to treatment centers of Tehran, investigation method was random sampling, investigation place was Behzisty rehabilitating drug addicts and NGOs, the number of all members was 256 and input assembling instrument was questionnaires comprising Demography and MMPI questionnaire. The results are derived from descriptive and deductive statistics and are analyzed by SPSS software.ResultsThe results demonstrate the fact that 19.1% of addicts are jobless, 38% are lessees, 2.3% are illiterate, 60.5% are single and 57.8% of them have an income of less than 2,000,000 Rials, reflecting the fact that unemployment has no relation with the tendency to addiction - Even those with high economic and educational position have a great tendency to addiction mirroring the failure of society's supporting. Based upon MMPI, the amount of exposition to danger in addicts consists of 7.81% in mania, 28.12% SC, 12.5% in paranoia, 33.98% in unsociability, 12.5% mysterious?,57.42% in depression and 22.26 in self-assumption of illness, reflecting disorder in their personality.ConclusionSo, according to MPI, if the results of D, PD and SC in addicts are high and the L and K rates are low, treatment and consulting service is advised.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. P805 Essential oil composition and antibacterial effects of Ziziphora clinopodioides
- Author
-
M. Bazargan, M. Chitsaz, M. Kamalinejad, and M. Barton
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,law ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Composition (visual arts) ,General Medicine ,Food science ,Biology ,Essential oil ,Ziziphora clinopodioides ,law.invention - Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
56. 159 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE AYURVEDIC HERBAL SUPPLEMENT PANCREAS TONIC® IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
- Author
-
Shao-Hsuan Hsia, Charles R. Drew, Mayer B. Davidson, and M. Bazargan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Traditional medicine ,business.industry ,Alternative medicine ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,General Medicine ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Tonic (physiology) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,In patient ,business ,Pancreas ,Herbal supplement - Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
57. The prevalence of gestational diabetes in gravidas with screening glucose value >200 mg/dl
- Author
-
M. Bazargan, B. Kendricks, P. Brown, and J.L. Harris
- Subjects
Gestational diabetes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,business ,medicine.disease ,Value (mathematics) - Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
58. Determination of isosteviol by LC-MS/MS and its application for evaluation of pharmacokinetics of isosteviol in rat.
- Author
-
M., Bazargan, J. P., Gerber, J., Wang, M., Chitsaz, R. W., Milne, and A. M., Evans
- Subjects
- *
PHARMACOKINETICS , *GLYCOSIDES , *STEVIA rebaudiana , *LIQUID chromatography , *MASS spectrometry ,THERAPEUTIC use of plant extracts - Abstract
Isosteviol has been found to have potential preventive or therapeutic effects against hypertension, ischemia reperfusion injury, diabetes and cancer, but little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the compound. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of isosteviol in rat plasma and to assess in a preliminary manner the PK of isosteviol after intravenous bolus injection. Ions of analytes were generated using electro-spray ionization and detected in the positive-ion mode in LC-MS/MS. Multiple reaction monitoring was performed, using the precursor product ion combination for isosteviol m/z 319.4→273.4. Progesterone was used as an internal standard. Nitrogen was used as the nebulising gas and unit resolution was set for Q1 and Q3. Isosteviol solution was injected through the penile vein of rats at a dose of 8 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected from a jugular vein cannula. The PK parameters were calculated using a two - compartment PK model. The LC-MS/MS assay for isosteviol in rat plasma was linear over the range of 0.5-80 µg/ml. The terminal half life of isosteviol (t 1/2) was 406 ± 31.7 min and clearance (CL) was 2.9 ± 0.3 ml/min/kg. A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for isosteviol in plasma has been successfully established and used in a preliminary PK evaluation of isosteviol in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
59. Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality
- Author
-
Zohreh Arefi, Rasmus Havmoeller, Pietro Ferrara, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Payman Salamati, Agegnehu Bante Getenet, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Alexander C. Tsai, Andrew T Olagunju, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Tim Driscoll, Reza Rawassizadeh, Vishnu Renjith, Taras Kavetskyy, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Richard C. Franklin, Naznin Hossain, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Morteza Naserbakht, Sangram Kishor Patel, Vera Marisa Costa, Suzanne Polinder, Ziad El-Khatib, Ashish Pathak, Mika Shigematsu, Bryan L. Sykes, David M. Pigott, Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik, Hadi Hassankhani, Nuworza Kugbey, Lal B. Rawal, Masoud Foroutan, Dejana Braithwaite, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Grant M. A. Wyper, Joht Singh Chandan, Akbar Barzegar, Hamid Safarpour, Kate E. LeGrand, Giulio Castelpietra, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Amin Soheili, Azeem Majeed, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Walter Mendoza, Ghulam Mustafa, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Pengpeng Ye, Mahesh P A, Carlos Miguel Rios González, Ahmad Daryani, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Masoud Moradi, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Mohammad Rabiee, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Jack T Fox, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Pallab K. Maulik, Ai-Min Wu, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Fatemeh Rajati, Nathaniel J Henry, David C. Schwebel, Ali H. Mokdad, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Leonardo Roever, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Khalid A Altirkawi, Hayimro Edemealem Merie, Farhad Ghamari, Ramesh Holla, Arash Sarveazad, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Suresh Jungari, Rohan Borschmann, Irfan Ullah, Nitin Joseph, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Michal Grivna, Ivo Rakovac, Mohammad Zamani, Antonio Maria Borzì, Atif Amin Baig, Mohsen Bayati, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Juanita A. Haagsma, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Mehdi Sayyah, Teshome Abegaz Kamil, Fakher Rahim, Dillon O Sylte, Feng Sha, Palash Chandra Banik, Mohan Bairwa, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Yong Yu, Delia Hendrie, Spencer L. James, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Seok Jun Yoon, Siavash Rahimi, Jost B. Jonas, Michael R. Phillips, Diana Silva, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Samath D Dharmaratne, Roba Khundkar, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Joemer C. Maravilla, Eleonora Dubljanin, Arun Balachandran, Arman Latifi, Randah R. Hamadeh, G. K. Mini, Alessandra C. Goulart, Andreea Mirica, Fatemeh Zarei, Habte Belete, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Maseer Khan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Atte Meretoja, Jasvinder A. Singh, Guilherme Borges, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Guoqing Hu, Archith Boloor, Luca Ronfani, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Vahid Rashedi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Yousef Khader, Adnan Kisa, Simon I. Hay, Takeshi Fukumoto, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Yuichiro Yano, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Ghasem Azarian, Sezer Kisa, Basema Saddik, Leake Gebremeskel, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Jennifer Rickard, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Priya Rathi, Ali Bijani, Smita Pakhale, Francesco Saverio Violante, Neeraj Bedi, Efat Mohamadi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Marek Majdan, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Prateek Rastogi, Xuefeng Liu, Monika Sawhney, Ayman Grada, Prasanna Mithra, Shanshan Li, Masood Ali Shaikh, Erin B Hamilton, Hung Chak Ho, Zichen Liu, Irini Chatziralli, Paulo A. Lotufo, Yuming Guo, Daniel N. Kiirithio, Hamidreza Komaki, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Brijesh Sathian, Daniel Kim, Yoosik Youm, Kebreab Paulos, Saqib Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, M. Mofizul Islam, Ahad Bakhtiari, Karen M. Tabb, Davood Anvari, Tomislav Mestrovic, Yunquan Zhang, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Naohiro Yonemoto, Rupak Desai, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Carlo La Vecchia, Amrit Banstola, Niguse Meles Alema, Shivakumar K.M. Kondlahalli, Soraya Seedat, Filippo Ariani, Chi Linh Hoang, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Erika Ota, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Van C. Lansingh, Mohammed Madadin, Mostafa Dianati Nasab, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Dinh-Toi Chu, Bach Xuan Tran, Till Bärnighausen, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Bereket Duko Adema, In-Hwan Oh, Paul S. F. Yip, Ionut Negoi, Eduarda Fernandes, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Kelly Jones, Mahdi Safdarian, Josep Maria Haro, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Diego De Leo, Khanh Bao Tran, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Yasser S. Amer, Tommi Vasankari, Vasily Vlassov, Jose C. Adsuar, Zoubida Zaidi, Asadollah Gholamian, Theo Vos, Nauman Khalid, Malke Asaad, André Faro, Rushdia Ahmed, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Hoa Thi Do, Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Manasi Kumar, Josip Car, Shoaib Hassan, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Gurudatta Naik, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Mustafa Z. Younis, Farid Najafi, Ester Cerin, Lorenzo Monasta, Amit Arora, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Javad Nazari, Joel M. Francis, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Farahnaz Joukar, Babak Moazen, Kebede Deribe, Nithin Kumar, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Getinet Ayano, Serge Resnikoff, Mark A. Stokes, Alaa Badawi, Narinder Kumar, Habibolah Khazaie, Sojib Bin Zaman, Faris Lami, Jens R. Chapman, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Dhirendra N Sinha, Engida Yisma, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Junaid Khan, Shane D. Morrison, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ata Rafiee, Hadush Gebremariam, Oghenowede Eyawo, Amir Hasanzadeh, Ana Laura Manda, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Narayana Manjunatha, Navid Manafi, Ritesh G. Menezes, Ferrán Catalá-López, Hossein Poustchi, Ghobad Moradi, Suliman Alghnam, Tinuke O Olagunju, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Sorin Hostiuc, Jalal Arabloo, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Chris D Castle, Joan B. Soriano, Syed Amir Gilani, Mariam Molokhia, Gaurav Gupta, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Isabela M. Benseñor, Desalegn Getnet Demsie, Atalay Goshu Muluneh, Young Eun Kim, Olatunde Aremu, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Jae Il Shin, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Neha Chaudhary, Juan Sanabria, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Sanni Yaya, Rekha Thapar, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Maciej Banach, Salman Rawaf, Nicholas L S Roberts, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Manoochehr Karami, Derrick A Bennett, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Soheil Hassanipour, Ashish Badiye, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Obinna Onwujekwe, Kewal Krishan, João Coelho, Ahmed Abdelalim, Kerrie E. Doyle, Tomasz Miazgowski, Rahman Shiri, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Navid Rabiee, Nikita Otstavnov, Brian J. Hall, Olalekan A. Uthman, Rohollah Kalhor, Swayam Prakash, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Ted R. Miller, Rebecca Ivers, Chuanhua Yu, Pascual R. Valdez, Martha Híjar, Taweewat Wiangkham, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Aidin Abedi, Savita Lasrado, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Yousef Veisani, Ayenew Kassie Tesema, Amir Radfar, Pawan Faris, Oladimeji Adebayo, Fares Alahdab, Heather Orpana, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Tripti Khanna, Girikumar Kumaresh, Alireza Rafiei, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Cyrus Alinia, Era Upadhyay, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Ahmed Omar Bali, Farshad Farzadfar, Vivek Kumar, Sanghamitra Pati, Gholamreza Roshandel, Daiane Borges Machado, Yuan-Pang Wang, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Aziz Sheikh, Jeevan Pereira, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Soraya Siabani, Kamarul Imran Musa, Farshad Pourmalek, Janet L Leasher, Shafiu Mohammed, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Mehdi Naderi, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Eun-Kee Park, Marwa Rashad Salem, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Paolo Lauriola, Amir Kasaeian, Adam Belay Wondmieneh, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Rovshan Khalilov, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Ai Koyanagi, Shailesh Advani, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Nihad A. Almasri, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Salman Khazaei, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Matthew Cunningham, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Hosni Salem, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Amy E. Peden, Rajaram Yadav, Srikanta Banerjee, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Ronan A Lyons, Farzad Jalilian, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Soufiane Boufous, Leila R Kalankesh, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Mikk Jürisson, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Zachary V Dingels, Florian Fischer, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Getnet Gedefaw, Tauseef Ahmad, Faramarz Shaahmadi, Hamed Zandian, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gregory J. Bertolacci, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Dawit Habte Woldeyes, Robert C. Reiner, Rakhi Dandona, Akram Pourshams, Lorainne Tudor Car, Inbal Salz, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Farnam Mohebi, A. A. Fomenkov, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Yousef Mohammad, Arash Ziapour, Zabihollah Yousefi, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Neeti Kapoor, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Vinod C. Nayak, Yoshan Moodley, Venkatesh Maled, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Saif Ullah, Anwar Rafay, Ali Koolivand, Ibrahim A Khalil, Parul Puri, Lidia Sanchez Riera, Vinay Nangia, Tanuj Kanchan, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Lidia Morawska, Saeed Shahabi, Tiffany K. Gill, Traolach S. Brugha, Michael K. Hole, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Pankaj Singh, Rosario Cárdenas, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Sanjay Zodpey, Birhanu Geta, Amaha Kahsay, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Samer Hamidi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Peter Memiah, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Sadia Bibi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Daniel Y. Cho, Keyvan Pakshir, Aziz Rezapour, R V Polibin, Sudha Jayaraman, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Amir Manafi, Berhe Gebremichael, Ali Yadollahpour, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Alan D. Lopez, Masoud Behzadifar, Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei, Ali Kabir, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sanofi, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Area, HUS Neurocenter, James, S. L., Castle, C. D., Dingels, Z. V., Fox, J. T., Hamilton, E. B., Liu, Z., Roberts, N. L. S., Sylte, D. O., Bertolacci, G. J., Cunningham, M., Henry, N. J., Legrand, K. E., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulkader, R. S., Abedi, A., Abegaz, K. H., Abosetugn, A. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Adsuar, J. C., Advani, S. M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahmad, T., Ahmed, M. B., Ahmed, R., Aichour, M. T. E., Alahdab, F., Alanezi, F. M., Alema, N. M., Alemu, B. W., Alghnam, S. A., Ali, B. A., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Altirkawi, K., Amer, Y. S. A., Andrei, C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Anvari, D., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Arora, A., Asaad, M., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Azarian, G., Badawi, A., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S. K., Banik, P. C., Banstola, A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Barzegar, A., Bayati, M., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Bedi, N., Behzadifar, M., Belete, H., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, K., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhat, A. G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Boloor, A., Borges, G., Borschmann, R., Borzi, A. M., Boufous, S., Braithwaite, D., Briko, N. I., Brugha, T., Budhathoki, S. S., Car, J., Cardenas, R., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chapman, J. R., Chattu, V. K., Chattu, S. K., Chatziralli, I., Chaudhary, N., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J. -Y. J., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T., Cicuttini, F. M., Coelho, J. M., Costa, V. M., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Daryani, A., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., De Leo, D., Demeke, F. M., Demoz, G. T., Demsie, D. G., Deribe, K., Desai, R., Nasab, M. D., Da Silva, D. D., Forooshani, Z. S. D., Do, H. T., Doyle, K. E., Driscoll, T. R., Dubljanin, E., Adema, B. D., Eagan, A. W., Elemineh, D. A., El-Jaafary, S. I., El-Khatib, Z., Ellingsen, C. L., El Sayedzaki, M., Eskandarieh, S., Eyawo, O., Faris, P. S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Fischer, F., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Francis, J. M., Franklin, R. C., Fukumoto, T., Geberemariyam, B. S., Gebremariam, H., Gebremedhin, K. B., Gebremeskel, L. G., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gebremichael, B., Gedefaw, G. A., Geta, B., Getenet, A. B., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Gheshlagh, R. G., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S. A., Gill, T. K., Goudarzian, A. H., Goulart, A. C., Grada, A., Grivna, M., Guimaraes, R. A., Guo, Y., Gupta, G., Haagsma, J. A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D. W., Haro, J. M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassan, S., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hassen, H. Y., Havmoeller, R., Hendrie, D., Heydarpour, F., Hijar, M., Ho, H. C., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Hu, G., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Inbaraj, L. R., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Ivers, R. Q., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jayaraman, S., Jayatilleke, A. U., Jha, R. P., John-Akinola, Y. O., Jonas, J. B., Jones, K. M., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Jungari, S. B., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kahsay, A., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamil, T. A., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami, M., Kasaeian, A., Kassaye, H. G., Kavetskyy, T., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Khader, Y. S., Khafaie, M. A., Khalid, N., Khalil, I. A., Khalilov, R., Khan, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, J., Khanna, T., Khazaei, S., Khazaie, H., Khundkar, R., Kiirithio, D. N., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kim, D., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Komaki, H., Kondlahalli, S. K. M., Koolivand, A., Korshunov, V. A., Koyanagi, A., Kraemer, M. U. G., Krishan, K., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Kumaresh, G., Lami, F. H., Lansingh, V. C., Lasrado, S., Latifi, A., Lauriola, P., Vecchia, C. L., Leasher, J. L., Lee, S. W. H., Li, S., Liu, X., Lopez, A. D., Lotufo, P. A., Lyons, R. A., Machado, D. B., Madadin, M., Abd El Razek, M. M., Mahotra, N. B., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Malta, D. C., Manafi, N., Manafi, A., Manda, A. -L., Manjunatha, N., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M. A., Maravilla, J. C., Mason-Jones, A. J., Masoumi, S. Z., Massenburg, B. B., Maulik, P. K., Mehndiratta, M. M., Melketsedik, Z. A., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, M. M., Meretoja, T. J., Meretoja, A., Merie, H. E., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mithra, P., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, J. A., Mohebi, F., Bandpei, M. A. M., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moradi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Morawska, L., Velasquez, I. M., Morrison, S. D., Mossie, T. B., Muluneh, A. G., Musa, K. I., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Naik, G., Naimzada, M. D., Najaf, F., Nangia, V., Nascimento, B. R., Naserbakht, M., Nayak, V., Nazari, J., Ndwandwe, D. E., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, T. H., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, D. N., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nikbakhsh, R., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nnaji, C. A., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F. A., Oghenetega, O. B., Oh, I. -H., Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Bali, A. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Orpana, H. M., Ota, E., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Mahesh, A. P., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Panda-Jonas, S., Park, E. -K., Patel, S. K., Pathak, A., Pati, S., Paulos, K., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Pereira, J., Phillips, M. R., Polibin, R. V., Polinder, S., Pourmalek, F., Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Prakash, S., Pribadi, D. R. A., Puri, P., Syed, Z. Q., Rabiee, N., Rabiee, M., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rafee, A., Rafei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, S., Rahman, M. A., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Rajati, F., Rakovac, I., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renjith, V., Resnikoff, S., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A. I., Rickard, J., Gonzalez, C. M. R., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Saddik, B., Safarpour, H., Safdarian, M., Sajadi, S. M., Salamati, P., Salem, M. R. R., Salem, H., Salz, I., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Riera, L. S., Milicevic, M. M. S., Sarker, A. R., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sawhney, M., Sayyah, M., Schwebel, D. C., Seedat, S., Senthilkumaran, S., Seyedmousavi, S., Sha, F., Shaahmadi, F., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M. A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Sheikh, A., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Siabani, S., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Singh, J. A., Singh, P. K., Sinha, D. N., Soheili, A., Soriano, J. B., Sorrie, M. B., Soyiri, I. N., Stokes, M. A., Sufiyan, M. B., Sykes, B. L., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabb, K. M., Taddele, B. W., Tefera, Y. M., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekulu, G. H., Tesema, A. K. T., Tesfay, B. E., Thapar, R., Titova, M. V., Tlaye, K. G., Tohidinik, H. R., Topor-Madry, R., Tran, K. B., Tran, B. X., Tripathy, J. P., Tsai, A. C., Tsatsakis, A., Car, L. T., Ullah, I., Ullah, S., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Uthman, O. A., Valdez, P. R., Vasankari, T. J., Veisani, Y., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Waheed, Y., Wang, Y. -P., Wiangkham, T., Wolde, H. F., Woldeyes, D. H., Wondmeneh, T. G., Wondmieneh, A. B., Wu, A. -M., Wyper, G. M. A., Yadav, R., Yadollahpour, A., Yano, Y., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S. -J., Youm, Y., Younis, M. Z., Yousef, Z., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Moghadam, T. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S. B., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zarei, F., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhang, Y., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Dandona, R., Dharmaratne, S. D., Hay, S. I., Mokdad, A. H., Pigott, D. M., Reiner, R. C., Vos, T., James, S, Castle, C, Dingels, Z, Fox, J, Hamilton, E, Liu, Z, Roberts, N, Sylte, D, Bertolacci, G, Cunningham, M, Henry, N, Legrand, K, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abedi, A, Abegaz, K, Abosetugn, A, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Adsuar, J, Advani, S, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, R, Eddine Aichour, M, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, F, Alema, N, Alemu, B, Alghnam, S, Ali, B, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Altirkawi, K, Abdeldayem Amer, Y, Andrei, C, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, T Antonio, C, Anvari, D, Yaw Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ariani, F, Arora, A, Asaad, M, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Azarian, G, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Banik, P, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Belete, H, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, A, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Borges, G, Borschmann, R, Borzì, A, Boufous, S, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Brugha, T, Budhathoki, S, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chapman, J, Chattu, V, Chattu, S, Chatziralli, I, Chaudhary, N, Cho, D, Choi, J, Kabir Chowdhury, M, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cicuttini, F, Coelho, J, Costa, V, Dahlawi, S, Daryani, A, Dávila-Cervantes, C, Leo, D, Demeke, F, Demoz, G, Demsie, D, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Nasab, M, Silva, D, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Do, H, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubljanin, E, Adema, B, Eagan, A, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, C, Zaki, M, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Faris, P, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Franklin, R, Fukumoto, T, Geberemariyam, B, Gebremariam, H, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, L, Gebremeskel, G, Gebremichael, B, Gedefaw, G, Geta, B, Getenet, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Gheshlagh, R, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Goudarzian, A, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guimarães, R, Guo, Y, Gupta, G, Haagsma, J, Hall, B, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Haro, J, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hendrie, D, Heydarpour, F, Híjar, M, Ho, H, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Inbaraj, L, Naghibi Irvani, S, Mofizul Islam, M, Shariful Islam, S, Ivers, R, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jayaraman, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jha, R, John-Akinola, Y, Jonas, J, Jones, K, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahsay, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamil, T, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassaye, H, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, A, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khalilov, R, Khan, M, Khan, E, Khan, J, Khanna, T, Khazaei, S, Khazaie, H, Khundkar, R, Kiirithio, D, Kim, Y, Kim, D, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Komaki, H, Kondlahalli, S, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, V, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, M, Krishan, K, Defo, B, Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kumar, V, Kumaresh, G, Lami, F, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, Latifi, A, Lauriola, P, Vecchia, C, Leasher, J, Huey Lee, S, Li, S, Liu, X, Lopez, A, Lotufo, P, Lyons, R, Machado, D, Madadin, M, Abd El Razek, M, Mahotra, N, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Maled, V, Malta, D, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Manda, A, Manjunatha, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Maravilla, J, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Massenburg, B, Maulik, P, Mehndiratta, M, Melketsedik, Z, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, M, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Merie, H, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Darwesh, A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, J, Mohebi, F, Mohseni Bandpei, M, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Velásquez, I, Morrison, S, Mossie, T, Muluneh, A, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naik, G, Naimzada, M, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nascimento, B, Naserbakht, M, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, D, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, T, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, D, Thi Nguyen, H, Nikbakhsh, R, Anggraini Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Orpana, H, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E, Patel, S, Pathak, A, Pati, S, Paulos, K, Peden, A, Filipino Pepito, V, Pereira, J, Phillips, M, Polibin, R, Polinder, S, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Angga Pribadi, D, Puri, P, Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, S, Rahman, M, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Rakovac, I, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rios González, C, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Saddik, B, Safarpour, H, Safdarian, M, Mohammad Sajadi, S, Salamati, P, Rashad Salem, M, Salem, H, Salz, I, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Riera, L, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarker, A, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Sayyah, M, Schwebel, D, Seedat, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Sha, F, Shaahmadi, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Singh, J, Singh, P, Sinha, D, Soheili, A, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Stokes, M, Sufiyan, M, Sykes, B, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, K, Taddele, B, Tefera, Y, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekulu, G, Tesema Tesema, A, Tesfay, B, Thapar, R, Titova, M, Tlaye, K, Tohidinik, H, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, K, Tran, B, Tripathy, J, Tsai, A, Tsatsakis, A, Car, L, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Uthman, O, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Veisani, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wiangkham, T, Wolde, H, Woldeyes, D, Wondmeneh, T, Wondmieneh, A, Wu, A, Wyper, G, Yadav, R, Yadollahpour, A, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Ye, P, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Youm, Y, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Moghadam, T, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zarei, F, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Dandona, R, Dharmaratne, S, Hay, S, Mokdad, A, Pigott, D, Reiner, R, Vos, T, James, S.L., Castle, C.D., Dingels, Z.V., Fox, J.T., Hamilton, E.B., Liu, Z., Roberts, N.L.S., Sylte, D.O., Bertolacci, G.J., Cunningham, M., Henry, N.J., Legrand, K.E., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulkader, R.S., Abedi, A., Abegaz, K.H., Abosetugn, A.E., Abushouk, A.I., Adebayo, O.M., Adsuar, J.C., Advani, S.M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahmad, T., Ahmed, M.B., Ahmed, R., Aichour, M.T.E., Alahdab, F., Alanezi, F.M., Alema, N.M., Alemu, B.W., Alghnam, S.A., Ali, B.A., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N.A., Altirkawi, K., Amer, Y.S.A., Andrei, C.L., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C.A.T., Anvari, D., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Arora, A., Asaad, M., Quintanilla, B.P.A., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Azarian, G., Badawi, A., Badiye, A.D., Baig, A.A., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Banik, P.C., Banstola, A., Barker-Collo, S.L., Bärnighausen, T.W., Barzegar, A., Bayati, M., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Bedi, N., Behzadifar, M., Belete, H., Bennett, D.A., Bensenor, I.M., Berhe, K., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhat, A.G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z.A., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Boloor, A., Borges, G., Borschmann, R., Borzì, A.M., Boufous, S., Braithwaite, D., Briko, N.I., Brugha, T., Budhathoki, S.S., Car, J., Cárdenas, R., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Castelpietra, G., Catalá-López, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J.S., Chapman, J.R., Chattu, V.K., Chattu, S.K., Chatziralli, I., Chaudhary, N., Cho, D.Y., Choi, J.-Y.J., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Christopher, D.J., Chu, D.-T., Cicuttini, F.M., Coelho, J.M., Costa, V.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Daryani, A., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., De Leo, D., Demeke, F.M., Demoz, G.T., Demsie, D.G., Deribe, K., Desai, R., Nasab, M.D., Da Silva, D.D., Forooshani, Z.S.D., Do, H.T., Doyle, K.E., Driscoll, T.R., Dubljanin, E., Adema, B.D., Eagan, A.W., Elemineh, D.A., El-Jaafary, S.I., El-Khatib, Z., Ellingsen, C.L., El Sayedzaki, M., Eskandarieh, S., Eyawo, O., Faris, P.S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fereshtehnejad, S.-M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Fischer, F., Folayan, M.O., Fomenkov, A.A., Foroutan, M., Francis, J.M., Franklin, R.C., Fukumoto, T., Geberemariyam, B.S., Gebremariam, H., Gebremedhin, K.B., Gebremeskel, L.G., Gebremeskel, G.G., Gebremichael, B., Gedefaw, G.A., Geta, B., Getenet, A.B., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Gheshlagh, R.G., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S.A., Gill, T.K., Goudarzian, A.H., Goulart, A.C., Grada, A., Grivna, M., Guimarães, R.A., Guo, Y., Gupta, G., Haagsma, J.A., Hall, B.J., Hamadeh, R.R., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D.W., Haro, J.M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassan, S., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hassen, H.Y., Havmoeller, R., Hendrie, D., Heydarpour, F., Híjar, M., Ho, H.C., Hoang, C.L., Hole, M.K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Hu, G., Ibitoye, S.E., Ilesanmi, O.S., Inbaraj, L.R., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, M.M., Islam, S.M.S., Ivers, R.Q., Jahani, M.A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jayaraman, S., Jayatilleke, A.U., Jha, R.P., John-Akinola, Y.O., Jonas, J.B., Jones, K.M., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jungari, S.B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kahsay, A., Kalankesh, L.R., Kalhor, R., Kamil, T.A., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami, M., Kasaeian, A., Kassaye, H.G., Kavetskyy, T., Kayode, G.A., Keiyoro, P.N., Kelbore, A.G., Khader, Y.S., Khafaie, M.A., Khalid, N., Khalil, I.A., Khalilov, R., Khan, M., Khan, E.A., Khan, J., Khanna, T., Khazaei, S., Khazaie, H., Khundkar, R., Kiirithio, D.N., Kim, Y.-E., Kim, Y.J., Kim, D., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Komaki, H., Kondlahalli, S.K.M., Koolivand, A., Korshunov, V.A., Koyanagi, A., Kraemer, M.U.G., Krishan, K., Defo, B.K., Bicer, B.K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Kumar, N., Kumaresh, G., Lami, F.H., Lansingh, V.C., Lasrado, S., Latifi, A., Lauriola, P., Vecchia, C.L., Leasher, J.L., Lee, S.W.H., Li, S., Liu, X., Lopez, A.D., Lotufo, P.A., Lyons, R.A., Machado, D.B., Madadin, M., Abd El Razek, M.M., Mahotra, N.B., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Malta, D.C., Manafi, N., Manafi, A., Manda, A.-L., Manjunatha, N., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M.A., Maravilla, J.C., Mason-Jones, A.J., Masoumi, S.Z., Massenburg, B.B., Maulik, P.K., Mehndiratta, M.M., Melketsedik, Z.A., Memiah, P.T.N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, M.M., Meretoja, T.J., Meretoja, A., Merie, H.E., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Miller, T.R., Mini, G.K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mithra, P., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, J.A., Mohebi, F., Bandpei, M.A.M., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moradi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Morawska, L., Velásquez, I.M., Morrison, S.D., Mossie, T.B., Muluneh, A.G., Musa, K.I., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Naik, G., Naimzada, M.D., Najaf, F., Nangia, V., Nascimento, B.R., Naserbakht, M., Nayak, V., Nazari, J., Ndwandwe, D.E., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, T.H., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, D.N., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nikbakhsh, R., Ningrum, D.N.A., Nnaji, C.A., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F.A., Oghenetega, O.B., Oh, I.-H., Olagunju, A.T., Olagunju, T.O., Bali, A.O., Onwujekwe, O.E., Orpana, H.M., Ota, E., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Mahesh, A.P., Padubidri, J.R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Panda-Jonas, S., Park, E.-K., Patel, S.K., Pathak, A., Pati, S., Paulos, K., Peden, A.E., Pepito, V.C.F., Pereira, J., Phillips, M.R., Polibin, R.V., Polinder, S., Pourmalek, F., Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Prakash, S., Pribadi, D.R.A., Puri, P., Syed, Z.Q., Rabiee, N., Rabiee, M., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rafee, A., Rafei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, S., Rahman, M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Rajati, F., Rakovac, I., Rao, S.J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renjith, V., Resnikoff, S., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A.I., Rickard, J., González, C.M.R., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Saddik, B., Safarpour, H., Safdarian, M., Sajadi, S.M., Salamati, P., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Salz, I., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Riera, L.S., Milicevic, M.M.S., Sarker, A.R., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sawhney, M., Sayyah, M., Schwebel, D.C., Seedat, S., Senthilkumaran, S., Seyedmousavi, S., Sha, F., Shaahmadi, F., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M.A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Sheikh, A., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J.I., Shiri, R., Siabani, S., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Singh, J.A., Singh, P.K., Sinha, D.N., Soheili, A., Soriano, J.B., Sorrie, M.B., Soyiri, I.N., Stokes, M.A., Sufiyan, M.B., Sykes, B.L., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabb, K.M., Taddele, B.W., Tefera, Y.M., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekulu, G.H., Tesema, A.K.T., Tesfay, B.E., Thapar, R., Titova, M.V., Tlaye, K.G., Tohidinik, H.R., Topor-Madry, R., Tran, K.B., Tran, B.X., Tripathy, J.P., Tsai, A.C., Tsatsakis, A., Car, L.T., Ullah, I., Ullah, S., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Uthman, O.A., Valdez, P.R., Vasankari, T.J., Veisani, Y., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Waheed, Y., Wang, Y.-P., Wiangkham, T., Wolde, H.F., Woldeyes, D.H., Wondmeneh, T.G., Wondmieneh, A.B., Wu, A.-M., Wyper, G.M.A., Yadav, R., Yadollahpour, A., Yano, Y., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S.-J., Youm, Y., Younis, M.Z., Yousef, Z., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Moghadam, T.Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S.B., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zarei, F., Zhang, Z.-J., Zhang, Y., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Dandona, R., Dharmaratne, S.D., Hay, S.I., Mokdad, A.H., Pigott, D.M., Reiner, R.C., Vos, T., Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, James, Spencer L, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Adema, Bereket Duko, Yisma, Engida, Vos, Theo, and Public Health
- Subjects
Male ,Populations/contexts ,1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences ,Global injuries ,population ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Global Health ,contexts ,context ,Global Burden of Disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality-Adjusted Life Year ,Global health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Original Research ,Data ,populations/contexts ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,methodology ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,Female ,Public Health ,TERRITORIES ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,descriptive epidemiology ,Human ,Disabilities ,195 COUNTRIES ,statistical issue ,1117 Public Health and Health Services ,03 medical and health sciences ,AGE ,Life Expectancy ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,statistical issues ,Humans ,Mortality ,Estimation ,SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY ,DISABILITY ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,populations ,Morbidity ,Wounds and Injuries ,1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1701 Psychology ,Quality-adjusted life year ,Years of potential life lost ,1701 Psychology ,Life expectancy ,Estimates ,Human medicine ,populations/context - Abstract
Background. While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods. In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results. GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions. GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future. Seyed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Alaa Badawi acknowledges support by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Till Bärnighausen acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Traolach Brugha received support from NatCen Social Research (http://natcen.ac.uk/) via NHS Digital and Department of Health and Social Care London, for the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) programme. Felix Carvalho received support from UID/MULTI/04378/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera M Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Kebede Deribe is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust [grant number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Tim Driscoll acknowledges that work on occupational risk factors was partially supported by funds from the World Health Organization. Eduarda Fernandes acknowledges support from UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Yuming Guo acknowledges support from Career Development Fellowships of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (numbers APP1107107 and APP1163693). Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam is funded by a Fellowship from National Heart Foundation of Australia and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through the Grant number OI175014; publication of results was not contingent upon Ministry's censorship or approval. Sudha Jayaraman acknowledges support from: NIH R21: 1R21TW010439-01A1 (PI); Rotary Foundation Global Grant #GG1749568 (PI); NIH P20: 1P20CA210284-01A1 (Co-PI) and DOD grant W81XWH-16-2-0040 (Co-I), during the period of this study. Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from a grant from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [grant number: XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001]. Kewal Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Mansai Kumar acknowledges support from FIC/ NIH K43 1K43MH114320-01. Amanda Mason-Jones acknowledges support by the University of York. Mariam Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’s National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. Ilais Moreno Velasquez is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI, Senacyt, Panama). Mukhammad David Naimzada acknowledges support from Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Duduzile Ndwandwe acknowledges support from Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. Stanislav S. Otstavnov acknowledges the support from the Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Ashish Pathak acknowledges support from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India (Grant number 2013-1253). Michael R Phillips acknowledges support in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81761128031). Abdallah M. Samy received a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena Santric Milicevic acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA. Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Sojib Bin Zaman acknowledges support from an "Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
60. Iranian Female Adolescent's Views on Unhealthy Snacks Consumption: A Qualitative Study
- Author
-
A Karimi-Shahanjarini, N Omidvar, M Bazargan, A Rashidian, R Majdzadeh, and D Shojaeizadeh
- Subjects
Adolescent ,Snack ,Qualitative research ,Iran ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: Given the increasing prevalence of obesity among Iranian adolescents and the role of consumption of unhealthy snacks in this issue, interventions that focus on factors influencing food choice are needed. This study was designed to delineate factors associated with unhealthy snack use among female Iranian adolescents. Methods: The theory of Planned Behavior served as the framework of the study. Qualitative data were collected via nine focus group discussions in two middle schools (6th to 8th grades) in a socio-economically diverse district in the city of Tehran in spring 2008. The study sample included 90 female adolescents aged 12-15 years. The sampling strategy was purposive method. Data analyzed using the "framework" method. Results: Major factors identified by the respondents were taste, peer pressure, parental influence, easy access to unhealthy snacks, limited availability of healthy snacks, appeal of snacks, habit, high price of healthy snacks, and media advertisements. Nutritional value and healthiness was not one of the first priorities when buying snacks, as adolescents thought it was too early for them to worry about illness and adverse consequences of eating junk foods. Conclusions: For developing culturally sensitive evidence-based interventions that can motivate adolescents to choose healthy snacks, a broad range of factors should be taken into account.
- Published
- 2010
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.