27,613 results on '"A. Baroni"'
Search Results
52. Evaluation of statistical process control charts for infant mortality monitoring in Brazilian cities with different population sizes
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Jéssica Souza, Cristiano Boccolini, Lais Baroni, Kele Belloze, Eduardo Bezerra, Marcel Pedroso, Ronaldo Fernandes Santos Alves, and Eduardo Ogasawara
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Brazil ,Infant mortality ,Diagnosis of health situation ,Statistical process control ,Control chart ,Routinely collected health data ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives The control chart is a classic statistical technique in epidemiology for identifying trends, patterns, or alerts. One meaningful use is monitoring and tracking Infant Mortality Rates, which is a priority both domestically and for the World Health Organization, as it reflects the effectiveness of public policies and the progress of nations. This study aims to evaluate the applicability and performance of this technique in Brazilian cities with different population sizes using infant mortality data. Results In this article, we evaluate the effectiveness of the statistical process control chart in the context of Brazilian cities. We present three categories of city groups, divided based on population size and classified according to the quality of the analyses when subjected to the control method: consistent, interpretable, and inconsistent. In cities with a large population, the data in these contexts show a lower noise level and reliable results. However, in intermediate and small-sized cities, the technique becomes limited in detecting deviations from expected behaviors, resulting in reduced reliability of the generated patterns and alerts.
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- 2024
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53. A flexible and fast digital twin for RRAM systems applied for training resilient neural networks
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Markus Fritscher, Simranjeet Singh, Tommaso Rizzi, Andrea Baroni, Daniel Reiser, Maen Mallah, David Hartmann, Ankit Bende, Tim Kempen, Max Uhlmann, Gerhard Kahmen, Dietmar Fey, Vikas Rana, Stephan Menzel, Marc Reichenbach, Milos Krstic, Farhad Merchant, and Christian Wenger
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RRAM ,Modelling ,GPU ,Digital twin ,ANN ,FAT ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) has gained considerable momentum due to its non-volatility and energy efficiency. Material and device scientists have been proposing novel material stacks that can mimic the “ideal memristor” which can deliver performance, energy efficiency, reliability and accuracy. However, designing RRAM-based systems is challenging. Engineering a new material stack, designing a device, and experimenting takes significant time for material and device researchers. Furthermore, the acceptability of the device is ultimately decided at the system level. We see a gap here where there is a need for facilitating material and device researchers with a “push button” modeling framework that allows to evaluate the efficacy of the device at system level during early device design stages. Speed, accuracy, and adaptability are the fundamental requirements of this modelling framework. In this paper, we propose a digital twin (DT)-like modeling framework that automatically creates RRAM device models from device measurement data. Furthermore, the model incorporates the peripheral circuit to ensure accurate energy and performance evaluations. We demonstrate the DT generation and DT usage for multiple RRAM technologies and applications and illustrate the achieved performance of our GPU implementation. We conclude with the application of our modeling approach to measurement data from two distinct fabricated devices, validating its effectiveness in a neural network processing an Electrocardiogram (ECG) dataset and incorporating Fault Aware Training (FAT).
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- 2024
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54. Stomatal and Non-Stomatal Leaf Responses during Two Sequential Water Stress Cycles in Young Coffea canephora Plants
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Danilo F. Baroni, Guilherme A. R. de Souza, Wallace de P. Bernado, Anne R. Santos, Larissa C. de S. Barcellos, Letícia F. T. Barcelos, Laísa Z. Correia, Claudio M. de Almeida, Abraão C. Verdin Filho, Weverton P. Rodrigues, José C. Ramalho, Miroslava Rakočević, and Eliemar Campostrini
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coffee ,fluorescence ,gas exchanges ,memory effect ,parenchyma ,xylem vessel area ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of physiological changes involved in the acclimation responses of plants after their exposure to repeated cycles of water stress is crucial to selecting resilient genotypes for regions with recurrent drought episodes. Under such background, we tried to respond to questions as: (1) Are there differences in the stomatal-related and non-stomatal responses during water stress cycles in different clones of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner? (2) Do these C. canephora clones show a different response in each of the two sequential water stress events? (3) Is one previous drought stress event sufficient to induce a kind of “memory” in C. canephora? Seven-month-old plants of two clones (’3V’ and ‘A1’, previously characterized as deeper and lesser deep root growth, respectively) were maintained well-watered (WW) or fully withholding the irrigation, inducing soil water stress (WS) until the soil matric water potential (Ψmsoil) reached ≅ −0.5 MPa (−500 kPa) at a soil depth of 500 mm. Two sequential drought events (drought-1 and drought-2) attained this Ψmsoil after 19 days and were followed by soil rewatering until a complete recovery of leaf net CO2 assimilation rate (Anet) during the recovery-1 and recovery-2 events. The leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and leaf reflectance parameters were measured in six-day frequency, while the leaf anatomy was examined only at the end of the second drought cycle. In both drought events, the WS plants showed reduction in stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration. The reduction in internal CO2 diffusion was observed in the second drought cycle, expressed by increased thickness of spongy parenchyma in both clones. Those stomatal and anatomical traits impacted decreasing the Anet in both drought events. The ‘3V’ was less influenced by water stress than the ‘A1’ genotype in Anet, effective quantum yield in PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching, linear electron transport rate, and photochemical reflectance index during the drought-1, but during the drought-2 event such an advantage disappeared. Such physiological genotype differences were supported by the medium xylem vessel area diminished only in ‘3V’ under WS. In both drought cycles, the recovery of all observed stomatal and non-stomatal responses was usually complete after 12 days of rewatering. The absence of photochemical impacts, namely in the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemical reactions, photosynthetic performance index, and density of reaction centers capable of QA reduction during the drought-2 event, might result from an acclimation response of the clones to WS. In the second drought cycle, the plants showed some improved responses to stress, suggesting “memory” effects as drought acclimation at a recurrent drought.
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- 2024
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55. Association between TNF-α, cortisol levels, and exposure to PM10 and PM2.5: a pilot study
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Jacopo Dolcini, Rosaria Landi, Elisa Ponzio, Laura Picchini, Aurora Luciani, Luca Formenti, Silvia Svegliati Baroni, Armando Gabrielli, Marcello Mario D’Errico, and Pamela Barbadoro
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Salivary testing ,Tumor necrosis factor-alpha ,Environmental pollution ,Epigenetic process ,Methylation ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Environmental law ,K3581-3598 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose The most harmful atmospheric pollutant for human health is particulate matter (PM). We analyzed the correlation between short-term lag exposure to PM10 and PM2.5, salivary cortisol and TNF-α level, and methylation levels of the TNF-α promoter. Methods A pilot study including 20 subjects. Eight salivary samples for each subject at various times of the day were collected for comparing cortisol levels and TNFα detection. TNFα promoter methylation levels on salivary DNA were analyzed. Regression analyses were performed using generalized linear mixed models between the different outcomes and 4, 3, 2 and 1 day’s lag values of PM10/PM2.5.Generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to evaluate any potential deviation from linearity. Results Area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) showed a statistically positive association with 4-, 3-, 2-, and 1-day lag of exposure to PM10. Area under the curve with respect to the increase (AUCi) showed a statistically negative association with 4-, 3- and 1-day lag of exposure to PM10. TNFα showed statistically significant association with both exposures, PM10 and PM2.5, at 4-, 3-, 2-, and 1-day lag. Conclusions Regarding cortisol levels there is an increase of overall hormone levels but a less dynamism of the system to answer to external stressors. Increase of TNF-α may reflect increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation due to pollution exposure.
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- 2024
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56. Cord blood transfusions in extremely low gestational age neonates to reduce severe retinopathy of prematurity: results of a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized BORN trial
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Luciana Teofili, Patrizia Papacci, Carlo Dani, Francesco Cresi, Giulia Remaschi, Claudio Pellegrino, Maria Bianchi, Giulia Ansaldi, Maria Francesca Campagnoli, Barbara Vania, Domenico Lepore, Fabrizio Gaetano Saverio Franco, Marco Fabbri, Roberta Penta de Vera d’ Aragona, Anna Molisso, Enrico Beccastrini, Antonella Dragonetti, Lorenzo Orazi, Tina Pasciuto, Iolanda Mozzetta, Antonio Baldascino, Emanuela Locatelli, Caterina Giovanna Valentini, Carmen Giannantonio, Brigida Carducci, Sabrina Gabbriellini, Roberto Albiani, Elena Ciabatti, Nicola Nicolotti, Silvia Baroni, Alessandro Mazzoni, Federico Genzano Besso, Francesca Serrao, Velia Purcaro, Alessandra Coscia, Roberta Pizzolo, Genny Raffaeli, Stefania Villa, Isabella Mondello, Alfonso Trimarchi, Flavia Beccia, Stefano Ghirardello, and Giovanni Vento
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ELGAN ,ROP ,Transfusions ,HbF ,Umbilical blood ,Randomized controlled trial ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background Preterm infants are at high risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), with potential life-long visual impairment. Low fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels predict ROP. It is unknown if preventing the HbF decrease also reduces ROP. Methods BORN is an ongoing multicenter double-blinded randomized controlled trial investigating whether transfusing HbF-enriched cord blood-red blood cells (CB-RBCs) instead of adult donor-RBC units (A-RBCs) reduces the incidence of severe ROP (NCT05100212). Neonates born between 24 and 27 + 6 weeks of gestation are enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive adult donor-RBCs (A-RBCs, arm A) or allogeneic CB-RBCs (arm B) from birth to the postmenstrual age (PMA) of 31 + 6 weeks. Primary outcome is the rate of severe ROP at 40 weeks of PMA or discharge, with a sample size of 146 patients. A prespecified interim analysis was scheduled after the first 58 patients were enrolled, with the main purpose to evaluate the safety of CB-RBC transfusions. Results Results in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis are reported. Twenty-eight patients were in arm A and 30 in arm B. Overall, 104 A-RBC units and 49 CB-RBC units were transfused, with a high rate of protocol deviations. A total of 336 adverse events were recorded, with similar incidence and severity in the two arms. By per-protocol analysis, patients receiving A-RBCs or both RBC types experienced more adverse events than non-transfused patients or those transfused exclusively with CB-RBCs, and suffered from more severe forms of bradycardia, pulmonary hypertension, and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. Serum potassium, lactate, and pH were similar after CB-RBCs or A-RBCs. Fourteen patients died and 44 were evaluated for ROP. Ten of them developed severe ROP, with no differences between arms. At per-protocol analysis each A-RBC transfusion carried a relative risk for severe ROP of 1.66 (95% CI 1.06–2.20) in comparison with CB-RBCs. The area under the curve of HbF suggested that HbF decrement before 30 weeks PMA is critical for severe ROP development. Subsequent CB-RBC transfusions do not lessen the ROP risk. Conclusions The interim analysis shows that CB-RBC transfusion strategy in preterm neonates is safe and, if early adopted, might protect them from severe ROP. Trial registration Prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on October 29, 2021. Identifier number NCT05100212.
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- 2024
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57. Global Citizenship Online in Higher Education
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Francesca Helm, Alice Baroni, and Giuseppe Acconcia
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Discourses of global education, citizenship and competence have been characterising the higher education literature in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has both heightened the relevance of global citizenship education and presented new challenges as educators and students continue to grapple with the lasting impact and implications. This paper presents the findings of a research study which looked at the perceived learning outcomes of a "virtual exchange" project which addressed issues relevant to global citizenship, involving students in European and Southern Mediterranean countries in online dialogue programmes. The study used quantitative and qualitative approaches to the analysis of responses to open survey questions using the quantitative tool IRAMUTEQ (Sbalchiero & Tuzzi, 2016) and focus groups. Participants perceived that their learning was happening above all through their encounters and discussions with people from different backgrounds. They reported learning to listen actively and carefully, to accept and/or respect different opinions and experiences. The findings open up possibilities for how higher education institutions might engage students in online transnational and global learning experiences--which can contribute to thinking about renewing education and societies in a post-pandemic world.
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- 2024
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58. Spin-Flop Ordering from Frustrated Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Interactions: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study of a $\mathrm{Mn}/\mathrm{Fe}(100)$ Monolayer
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Grazioli, C., Alfè, Dario, Krishnakumar, S. R., Gupta, Subhra Sen, Veronese, M., Turchini, S., Bonini, Nicola, Corso, Andrea Dal, Sarma, D. D., Baroni, Stefano, and Carbone, C.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The occurrence of a noncollinear magnetic structure at a Mn monolayer grown epitaxially on Fe(100) is predicted theoretically, using spinor density-functional theory, and observed experimentally, using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and linear dichroism (XMLD) spectroscopies. The combined use of XMCD and XMLD at the Mn-absorption edge allows us to assess the existence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order at the interface, and also to determine the moment orientations with element specificity. The experimental results thus obtained are in excellent agreement with the magnetic structure determined theoretically.
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- 2023
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59. Unearthing the foundational role of anharmonicity in heat transport in glasses
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Fiorentino, Alfredo, Drigo, Enrico, Baroni, Stefano, and Pegolo, Paolo
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Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
The time-honored Allen-Feldman theory of heat transport in glasses is generally assumed to predict a finite value for the thermal conductivity, even if it neglects the anharmonic broadening of vibrational normal modes. We demonstrate that the harmonic approximation predicts that the bulk lattice thermal conductivity of harmonic solids inevitably diverges at any temperature, irrespective of configurational disorder, and that its ability to represent the heat-transport properties observed experimentally in most glasses is implicitly due to finite-size effects. Our theoretical analysis is thoroughly benchmarked against careful numerical simulations. Our findings thus reveal that a proper account of anharmonic effects is indispensable to predict a finite value for the bulk thermal conductivity in any solid material, be it crystalline or glassy., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures
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- 2023
60. Heat conductivity from energy-density fluctuations
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Drigo, Enrico, Izzo, Maria Grazia, and Baroni, Stefano
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
We present a method, based on the classical Green-Kubo theory of linear response, to compute the heat conductivity of extended systems, leveraging energy-density, rather than energy-current, fluctuations, thus avoiding the need to devise an analytical expression for the macroscopic energy flux. The implementation of this method requires the evaluation of the long-wavelength and low-frequency limits of a suitably defined correlation function, which we perform using a combination of recently-introduced cepstral-analysis and Bayesian extrapolation techniques. Our methodology is demonstrated against standard current-based Green-Kubo results for liquid argon and water, and compared with a recently proposed similar technique, which utilizes mass-density, instead of energy-density, fluctuations., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
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- 2023
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61. Self-interaction and transport of solvated electrons in molten salts
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Pegolo, Paolo, Baroni, Stefano, and Grasselli, Federico
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Physics - Chemical Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The dynamics of (few) electrons dissolved in an ionic fluid--as when a small amount of metal is added to a solution while upholding its electronic insulation--manifests interesting properties that can be ascribed to nontrivial topological features of particle transport (e.g., Thouless' pumps). In the adiabatic regime, the charge distribution and the dynamics of these dissolved electrons are uniquely determined by the nuclear configuration. Yet, their localization into effective potential wells and their diffusivity are dictated by how the self-interaction is modeled. In this article, we investigate the role of self-interaction in the description of localization and transport properties of dissolved electrons in non-stoichiometric molten salts. Although the account for the exact (Fock) exchange strongly localizes the dissolved electrons, decreasing their tunneling probability and diffusivity, we show that the dynamics of the ions and of the dissolved electrons are largely uncorrelated, irrespective of the degree to which the electron self-interaction is treated, and in accordance with topological arguments., Comment: Accepted version. 7 pages, 6 figures
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- 2023
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62. Solution of the Hurwitz problem with a length-2 partition
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Baroni, Filippo and Petronio, Carlo
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Mathematics - Geometric Topology ,57M12 - Abstract
In this note we provide a new partial solution to the Hurwitz existence problem for surface branched covers. Namely, we consider candidate branch data with base surface the sphere and one partition of the degree having length two, and we fully determine which of them are realizable and which are exceptional. The case where the covering surface is also the sphere was solved somewhat recently by Pakovich, and we deal here with the case of positive genus. We show that the only other exceptional candidate data, besides those of Pakovich (five infinite families and one sporadic case), are a well-known very specific infinite family in degree 4 (indexed by the genus of the candidate covering surface, which can attain any value), five sporadic cases (four in genus 1 and one in genus 2), and another infinite family in genus 1 also already known. Since the degree is a composite number for all these exceptional data, our findings provide more evidence for the prime-degree conjecture. Our argument proceeds by induction on the genus and on the number of branching points, so our results logically depend on those of Pakovich, and we do not employ the technology of constellations on which his proof is based., Comment: 37 pages, 21 figures. Incorporated reviewer's suggestions. To appear in Illinois J. Math
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- 2023
63. Mediated interactions between Fermi polarons and the role of impurity quantum statistics
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Baroni, Cosetta, Huang, Bo, Fritsche, Isabella, Dobler, Erich, Anich, Gregor, Kirilov, Emil, Grimm, Rudolf, Bastarrachea-Magnani, Miguel A., Massignan, Pietro, and Bruun, Georg
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Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases ,Physics - Atomic Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
The notion of quasi-particles is essential for understanding the behaviour of complex many-body systems. A prototypical example of a quasi-particle, a polaron, is an impurity strongly interacting with a surrounding medium. Fermi polarons, created in a Fermi sea, provide a paradigmatic realization of this concept. As an inherent and important property such quasi-particles interact with each other via modulation of the medium. While quantum simulation experiments with ultracold atoms have significantly improved our understanding of individual polarons, the detection of their interactions has remained elusive in these systems. Here, we report the unambiguous observation of mediated interactions between Fermi polarons consisting of K impurities embedded in a Fermi sea of Li atoms. Our results confirm two landmark predictions of Landau's Fermi-liquid theory: the shift of the polaron energy due to mediated interactions, linear in the concentration of impurities, and its sign inversion with impurity quantum statistics. For weak to moderate interactions between the impurities and the medium, we find excellent agreement with the static (zero-momentum and energy) predictions of Fermi-liquid theory. For stronger impurity-medium interactions, we show that the observed behaviour at negative energies can be explained by a more refined many-body treatment including retardation and molecule formation
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- 2023
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64. A flexible and fast digital twin for RRAM systems applied for training resilient neural networks
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Fritscher, Markus, Singh, Simranjeet, Rizzi, Tommaso, Baroni, Andrea, Reiser, Daniel, Mallah, Maen, Hartmann, David, Bende, Ankit, Kempen, Tim, Uhlmann, Max, Kahmen, Gerhard, Fey, Dietmar, Rana, Vikas, Menzel, Stephan, Reichenbach, Marc, Krstic, Milos, Merchant, Farhad, and Wenger, Christian
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- 2024
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65. Evaluation of statistical process control charts for infant mortality monitoring in Brazilian cities with different population sizes
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Souza, Jéssica, Boccolini, Cristiano, Baroni, Lais, Belloze, Kele, Bezerra, Eduardo, Pedroso, Marcel, Alves, Ronaldo Fernandes Santos, and Ogasawara, Eduardo
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- 2024
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66. Association between TNF-α, cortisol levels, and exposure to PM10 and PM2.5: a pilot study
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Dolcini, Jacopo, Landi, Rosaria, Ponzio, Elisa, Picchini, Laura, Luciani, Aurora, Formenti, Luca, Svegliati Baroni, Silvia, Gabrielli, Armando, D’Errico, Marcello Mario, and Barbadoro, Pamela
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- 2024
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67. Cord blood transfusions in extremely low gestational age neonates to reduce severe retinopathy of prematurity: results of a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized BORN trial
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Teofili, Luciana, Papacci, Patrizia, Dani, Carlo, Cresi, Francesco, Remaschi, Giulia, Pellegrino, Claudio, Bianchi, Maria, Ansaldi, Giulia, Campagnoli, Maria Francesca, Vania, Barbara, Lepore, Domenico, Franco, Fabrizio Gaetano Saverio, Fabbri, Marco, de Vera d’ Aragona, Roberta Penta, Molisso, Anna, Beccastrini, Enrico, Dragonetti, Antonella, Orazi, Lorenzo, Pasciuto, Tina, Mozzetta, Iolanda, Baldascino, Antonio, Locatelli, Emanuela, Valentini, Caterina Giovanna, Giannantonio, Carmen, Carducci, Brigida, Gabbriellini, Sabrina, Albiani, Roberto, Ciabatti, Elena, Nicolotti, Nicola, Baroni, Silvia, Mazzoni, Alessandro, Besso, Federico Genzano, Serrao, Francesca, Purcaro, Velia, Coscia, Alessandra, Pizzolo, Roberta, Raffaeli, Genny, Villa, Stefania, Mondello, Isabella, Trimarchi, Alfonso, Beccia, Flavia, Ghirardello, Stefano, and Vento, Giovanni
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- 2024
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68. New species from Argentinean Yungas, Cercopemyces messii and Clitocybe cedrelae (Agaricomycetes, Agaricales)
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Martínez, Agustín P., Suárez, Juan M., Aliaga, Joaquín, Baroni, Timothy J., and Lechner, Bernardo E.
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- 2024
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69. Robotic assisted versus laparoscopic surgery for deep endometriosis: a meta-analysis of current evidence
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Pavone, Matteo, Baroni, Alessandro, Campolo, Federica, Goglia, Marta, Raimondo, Diego, Carcagnì, Antonella, Akladios, Cherif, Marescaux, Jacques, Fanfani, Francesco, Scambia, Giovanni, and Ianieri, Manuel Maria
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- 2024
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70. Identification of small molecules affecting the interaction between human hemoglobin and Staphylococcus aureus IsdB hemophore
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Cozzi, Monica, Failla, Mariacristina, Gianquinto, Eleonora, Kovachka, Sandra, Buoli Comani, Valeria, Compari, Carlotta, De Bei, Omar, Giaccari, Roberta, Marchesani, Francesco, Marchetti, Marialaura, Ronda, Luca, Rolando, Barbara, Baroni, Massimo, Cruciani, Gabriele, Campanini, Barbara, Bettati, Stefano, Faggiano, Serena, Lazzarato, Loretta, and Spyrakis, Francesca
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- 2024
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71. Blooming and pruning: learning from mistakes with memristive synapses
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Nikiruy, Kristina, Perez, Eduardo, Baroni, Andrea, Reddy, Keerthi Dorai Swamy, Pechmann, Stefan, Wenger, Christian, and Ziegler, Martin
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- 2024
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72. The effects of individual music therapy in nursing home residents with dementia to improve general well-being: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
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Baroni Caramel, Vanusa M., van der Steen, Jenny T., Vink, Annemieke C., Janus, Sarah I. M., Twisk, Jos W. R., Scherder, Erik J. A., and Zuidema, Sytse U.
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- 2024
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73. Development of a management-based ranking of beaches
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de Oliveira, Elaine Baroni, Newton, Alice, and Botero, Camilo M.
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- 2024
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74. Best beaches of the world: a critique of web-based rating
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de Oliveira, Elaine Baroni, Newton, Alice, and Botero, Camilo M.
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- 2024
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75. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser protects human keratinocytes from oxidative stress and inflammation via AhR–Nrf2 pathway
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Fusco, Alessandra, Savio, Vittoria, Perfetto, Brunella, Donniacuo, Maria, Shadrina, Elena, Donnarumma, Giovanna, and Baroni, Adone
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- 2024
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76. An atypical location of pineoblastoma RB1 subgroup without pineal or retinal tumor
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Guarnizo, Angela, Maldonado, Francisco, Baroni, Lorena, Fernández-Ponce, Nicolás, and Rugilo, Carlos
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- 2024
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77. An examination of episodic future thinking in the emergency department among youth experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors
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Pollak, Olivia H., Shin, Ki Eun, Baroni, Argelinda, Gerson, Ruth S., Bell, Kerri-Anne, Tezanos, Katherine M., Fernandes, Sara N., Robinaugh, Donald J., Schacter, Daniel L., Spirito, Anthony, and Cha, Christine B.
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- 2024
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78. Global citizenship online in higher education
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Helm, Francesca, Baroni, Alice, and Acconcia, Giuseppe
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- 2024
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79. Corrections to the Bethe lattice solution of Anderson localization
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Baroni, Matilde, Lorenzana, Giulia Garcia, Rizzo, Tommaso, and Tarzia, Marco
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Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
We study numerically Anderson localization on lattices that are tree-like except for the presence of one loop of varying length $L$. The resulting expressions allow us to compute corrections to the Bethe lattice solution on i) Random-Regular-Graph (RRG) of finite size $N$ and ii) euclidean lattices in finite dimension. In the first case we show that the $1/N$ corrections to to the average values of observables such as the typical density of states and the inverse participation ratio have prefactors that diverge exponentially approaching the critical point, which explains the puzzling observation that the numerical simulations on finite RRGs deviate spectacularly from the expected asymptotic behavior. In the second case our results, combined with the $M$-layer expansion, predict that corrections destroy the exotic critical behavior of the Bethe lattice solution in any finite dimension, strengthening the suggestion that the upper critical dimension of Anderson localization is infinity. This approach opens the way to the computation of non-mean-field critical exponents by resumming the series of diverging diagrams through the same recipes of the field-theoretical perturbative expansion.
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- 2023
80. Seebeck coefficient of liquid water from equilibrium molecular dynamics
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Drigo, Enrico and Baroni, Stefano
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The application of a temperature gradient to an extended system generates an electromotive force that induces an electric current in conductors and a macroscopic polarization in insulators. The ratio of the electromotive force to the temperature difference, usually referred to as the Seebeck coefficient, is often computed using non-equilibrium techniques, such as non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). In this paper we argue that thermo-polarization effects in insulating fluids can be conveniently treated by standard equilibrium thermodynamics and devise a protocol, based on a combination of equilibrium molecular dynamics and Bayesian inference methods, that allows one to compute the Seebeck coefficient in these systems along with a rigorous estimate of the resulting statistical accuracy. The application of our methodology to liquid SPC/E water results in good agreement with previous studies, based on more elaborate NEMD simulations, and in a more reliable estimate of the statistical accuracy of the results., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures
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- 2023
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81. Cross-Domain Image Captioning with Discriminative Finetuning
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Dessì, Roberto, Bevilacqua, Michele, Gualdoni, Eleonora, Rakotonirina, Nathanael Carraz, Franzon, Francesca, and Baroni, Marco
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Neural captioners are typically trained to mimic human-generated references without optimizing for any specific communication goal, leading to problems such as the generation of vague captions. In this paper, we show that fine-tuning an out-of-the-box neural captioner with a self-supervised discriminative communication objective helps to recover a plain, visually descriptive language that is more informative about image contents. Given a target image, the system must learn to produce a description that enables an out-of-the-box text-conditioned image retriever to identify such image among a set of candidates. We experiment with the popular ClipCap captioner, also replicating the main results with BLIP. In terms of similarity to ground-truth human descriptions, the captions emerging from discriminative finetuning lag slightly behind those generated by the non-finetuned model, when the latter is trained and tested on the same caption dataset. However, when the model is used without further tuning to generate captions for out-of-domain datasets, our discriminatively-finetuned captioner generates descriptions that resemble human references more than those produced by the same captioner without finetuning. We further show that, on the Conceptual Captions dataset, discriminatively finetuned captions are more helpful than either vanilla ClipCap captions or ground-truth captions for human annotators tasked with an image discrimination task., Comment: CVPR 2023
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- 2023
82. Hydrodynamic finite-size scaling of the thermal conductivity in glasses
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Fiorentino, Alfredo, Pegolo, Paolo, and Baroni, Stefano
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks - Abstract
In the past few years, the theory of thermal transport in amorphous solids has been substantially extended beyond the Allen-Feldman model. The resulting formulation, based on the Green-Kubo linear response or the Wigner-transport equation, bridges this model for glasses with the traditional Boltzmann kinetic approach for crystals. The computational effort required by these methods usually scales as the cube of the number of atoms, thus severely limiting the size range of computationally affordable glass models. Leveraging hydrodynamic arguments, we show how this issue can be overcome through a simple formula to extrapolate a reliable estimate of the bulk thermal conductivity of glasses from finite models of moderate size. We showcase our findings for realistic models of paradigmatic glassy materials., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures
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- 2023
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83. Quantum Information Science and Technology for Nuclear Physics. Input into U.S. Long-Range Planning, 2023
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Beck, Douglas, Carlson, Joseph, Davoudi, Zohreh, Formaggio, Joseph, Quaglioni, Sofia, Savage, Martin, Barata, Joao, Bhattacharya, Tanmoy, Bishof, Michael, Cloet, Ian, Delgado, Andrea, DeMarco, Michael, Fink, Caleb, Florio, Adrien, Francois, Marianne, Grabowska, Dorota, Hoogerheide, Shannon, Huang, Mengyao, Ikeda, Kazuki, Illa, Marc, Joo, Kyungseon, Kharzeev, Dmitri, Kowalski, Karol, Lai, Wai Kin, Leach, Kyle, Loer, Ben, Low, Ian, Martin, Joshua, Moore, David, Mehen, Thomas, Mueller, Niklas, Mulligan, James, Mumm, Pieter, Pederiva, Francesco, Pisarski, Rob, Ploskon, Mateusz, Reddy, Sanjay, Rupak, Gautam, Singh, Hersh, Singh, Maninder, Stetcu, Ionel, Stryker, Jesse, Szypryt, Paul, Valgushev, Semeon, VanDevender, Brent, Watkins, Samuel, Wilson, Christopher, Yao, Xiaojun, Afanasev, Andrei, Balantekin, Akif Baha, Baroni, Alessandro, Bunker, Raymond, Chakraborty, Bipasha, Chernyshev, Ivan, Cirigliano, Vincenzo, Clark, Benjamin, Dhiman, Shashi Kumar, Du, Weijie, Dutta, Dipangkar, Edwards, Robert, Flores, Abraham, Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo, Ruiz, Ronald Fernando Garcia, Gueorguiev, Vesselin, Guo, Fanqing, Hansen, Erin, Hernandez, Hector, Hattori, Koichi, Hauke, Philipp, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Jankowski, Keith, Johnson, Calvin, Lacroix, Denis, Lee, Dean, Lin, Huey-Wen, Liu, Xiaohui, Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J., Looney, John, Lukin, Misha, Mercenne, Alexis, Miller, Jeff, Mottola, Emil, Mueller, Berndt, Nachman, Benjamin, Negele, John, Orrell, John, Patwardhan, Amol, Phillips, Daniel, Poole, Stephen, Qualters, Irene, Rumore, Mike, Schaefer, Thomas, Scott, Jeremy, Singh, Rajeev, Vary, James, Galvez-Viruet, Juan-Jose, Wendt, Kyle, Xing, Hongxi, Yang, Liang, Young, Glenn, and Zhao, Fanyi
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Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
In preparation for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan (LRP), members of the Nuclear Science community gathered to discuss the current state of, and plans for further leveraging opportunities in, QIST in NP research at the Quantum Information Science for U.S. Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning workshop, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on January 31 - February 1, 2023. The workshop included 45 in-person participants and 53 remote attendees. The outcome of the workshop identified strategic plans and requirements for the next 5-10 years to advance quantum sensing and quantum simulations within NP, and to develop a diverse quantum-ready workforce. The plans include resolutions endorsed by the participants to address the compelling scientific opportunities at the intersections of NP and QIST. These endorsements are aligned with similar affirmations by the LRP Computational Nuclear Physics and AI/ML Workshop, the Nuclear Structure, Reactions, and Astrophysics LRP Town Hall, and the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos LRP Town Hall communities., Comment: A white paper for the 2023 nuclear physics long-range planning activity, emerging from the workshop "Quantum Information Science for U.S. Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning'', held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on January 31 - February 1, 2023. 26 pages with 7 figures
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- 2023
84. Can discrete information extraction prompts generalize across language models?
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Rakotonirina, Nathanaël Carraz, Dessì, Roberto, Petroni, Fabio, Riedel, Sebastian, and Baroni, Marco
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
We study whether automatically-induced prompts that effectively extract information from a language model can also be used, out-of-the-box, to probe other language models for the same information. After confirming that discrete prompts induced with the AutoPrompt algorithm outperform manual and semi-manual prompts on the slot-filling task, we demonstrate a drop in performance for AutoPrompt prompts learned on a model and tested on another. We introduce a way to induce prompts by mixing language models at training time that results in prompts that generalize well across models. We conduct an extensive analysis of the induced prompts, finding that the more general prompts include a larger proportion of existing English words and have a less order-dependent and more uniform distribution of information across their component tokens. Our work provides preliminary evidence that it's possible to generate discrete prompts that can be induced once and used with a number of different models, and gives insights on the properties characterizing such prompts., Comment: Published as conference paper at ICLR 2023
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- 2023
85. Referential communication in heterogeneous communities of pre-trained visual deep networks
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Mahaut, Matéo, Franzon, Francesca, Dessì, Roberto, and Baroni, Marco
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
As large pre-trained image-processing neural networks are being embedded in autonomous agents such as self-driving cars or robots, the question arises of how such systems can communicate with each other about the surrounding world, despite their different architectures and training regimes. As a first step in this direction, we systematically explore the task of \textit{referential communication} in a community of heterogeneous state-of-the-art pre-trained visual networks, showing that they can develop, in a self-supervised way, a shared protocol to refer to a target object among a set of candidates. This shared protocol can also be used, to some extent, to communicate about previously unseen object categories of different granularity. Moreover, a visual network that was not initially part of an existing community can learn the community's protocol with remarkable ease. Finally, we study, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the properties of the emergent protocol, providing some evidence that it is capturing high-level semantic features of objects.
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- 2023
86. The Public’s Perception of Florence Nightingale’s Legacy in the Digital Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis
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Gianluca Conte, Arianna Magon, Maria Angela Palmeri, Giulia Paglione, Irene Baroni, Silvia Belloni, Miriam Angolani, Marco Alfredo Arcidiacono, Cristina Arrigoni, Alessandro Stievano, and Rosario Caruso
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Nightingale ,discourse ,identity ,image ,nurse ,nursing ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
This study critically examines the public’s perception of Florence Nightingale’s legacy through a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of digital media, specifically podcasts and YouTube. Nightingale, who is often remembered as “The Lady with the Lamp”, holds a complex identity within modern narratives that is celebrated for her pioneering contributions to nursing and public health, even if there are some disagreements about her, given the colonialist setting that may have shaped some of her opinions and decisions. This research employed CDA to analyze 25 podcasts and 18 YouTube videos, which were systematically included according to a priori inclusion criteria. The study synthesized how these media products portray Nightingale and, by extension, shape public discourse about the nursing profession. The findings reveal five thematic representations of Nightingale: as a legendary figure, a modern feminist, a dedicated statistician, a pioneer in public health, and a pivotal STEM contributor. These portrayals challenge traditional nursing stereotypes by emphasizing Nightingale’s role as a rigorous scientist and reformer, suggesting broader perceptions of nurses that encompass leadership, analytical skills, and strategic thinking. The study supports the hypothesis that digital narratives significantly influence the public’s understanding and appreciation of nursing, advocating for a more nuanced professional identity that integrates traditional caregiving roles with critical and analytical capabilities.
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- 2024
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87. Global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Harry Crane, Guy D. Eslick, Cameron Gofton, Anjiya Shaikh, George Cholankeril, Mark Cheah, Jian-Hong Zhong, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Alessandro Vitale, Beom Kyung Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Mi Na Kim, Simone I Strasser, and Jacob George
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fatty liver ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,epidemiology ,prevalence ,metabolic syndrome ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Background/Aims The global proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) attributable to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is unclear. The MAFLD diagnostic criteria allows objective diagnosis in the presence of steatosis plus defined markers of metabolic dysfunction, irrespective of concurrent liver disease. We aimed to determine the total global prevalence of MAFLD in HCC cohorts (total-MAFLD), including the proportion with MAFLD as their sole liver disease (single-MAFLD), and the proportion of those with concurrent liver disease where MAFLD was a contributary factor (mixed-MAFLD). Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis included studies systematically ascertaining MAFLD in HCC cohorts, defined using international expert panel criteria including ethnicity-specific BMI cut-offs. A comparison of clinical and tumour characteristics was performed between single-MAFLD, mixed-MAFLD, and non-MAFLD HCC. Results 22 studies (56,565 individuals with HCC) were included. Total and single-MAFLD HCC prevalence was 48.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 34.5–63.0%) and 12.4% (95% CI 8.3–17.3%), respectively. In HCC due to chronic hepatitis B, C, and alcohol-related liver disease, mixed-MAFLD prevalence was 40.0% (95% CI 30.2–50.3%), 54.1% (95% CI 40.4–67.6%) and 64.3% (95% CI 52.7–75.0%), respectively. Mixed-MAFLD HCC had significantly higher likelihood of cirrhosis and lower likelihood of metastatic spread compared to single-MAFLD HCC, and a higher platelet count and lower likelihood of macrovascular invasion compared to non-MAFLD HCC. Conclusions MAFLD is common as a sole aetiology, but more so as a co-factor in mixed-aetiology HCC, supporting the use of positive diagnostic criteria.
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- 2024
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88. Anesthesia for Endovascular Therapy for Stroke
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Arianna Gaspari, Giulia Vaccari, Federica Arturi, Gabriele Melegari, and Stefano Baroni
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stroke ,conscious sedation ,endovascular therapy ,Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Background: In patients with acute ischemic stroke, the standard of care is to perform intra-arterial endovascular thrombectomy in addition to intravenous thrombolysis. In this study, we investigated the different anesthetic techniques chosen for this procedure and clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients undergoing endovascular procedures were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of patients who received general anesthesia, the second group underwent the procedure under conscious sedation and local anesthesia at the catheter insertion site, and lastly the third group included patients who received only local anesthesia at the catheter insertion site, without sedation. Results: During the endovascular procedure, we did not notice significant differences in vital parameters, in particular the mean blood pressure (MAP) between patients treated with different types of anesthesia. Also, the duration of the revascularization did not show significant differences between the three groups. The main point is the absence of differences in terms of functional and clinical outcomes, using various scores as reference, such as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at 7 days, NIHSS and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) at time of discharge, and MRS after 3 months. These scores did not show significant differences in groups treated with different types of anesthesia. Conclusions: The rate of success of the revascularization procedure is almost overlapping between patients treated with conscious sedation and general anesthesia. In addition, we did not notice significant differences between groups in terms of functional and clinical outcomes. Considering the possible usefulness of applying conscious sedation, at OCSAE of Baggiovara, an internal protocol for conscious sedation was introduced to standardize the treatment in patients undergoing endovascular procedures.
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- 2024
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89. The Effectiveness of Paired Associative Stimulation on Motor Recovery after Stroke: A Scoping Review
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Andrea Baroni, Annibale Antonioni, Giulia Fregna, Nicola Lamberti, Fabio Manfredini, Giacomo Koch, Alessandro D’Ausilio, and Sofia Straudi
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paired associative stimulation (PAS) ,stroke ,neurorehabilitation ,non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) ,plasticity ,neurophysiology ,Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. PAS allows connections between cortical areas and peripheral nerves (C/P PAS) or between cortical regions (C/C PAS) to be strengthened or weakened by spike-timing-dependent neural plasticity mechanisms. Since PAS modulates both neurophysiological features and motor performance, there is growing interest in its application in neurorehabilitation. We aimed to synthesize evidence on the motor rehabilitation role of PAS in stroke patients. We performed a literature search following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Framework. Eight studies were included: one investigated C/C PAS between the cerebellum and the affected primary motor area (M1), seven applied C/P PAS over the lesional, contralesional, or both M1. Seven studies evaluated the outcome on upper limb and one on lower limb motor recovery. Although several studies omit crucial methodological details, PAS highlighted effects mainly on corticospinal excitability, and, more rarely, an improvement in motor performance. However, most studies failed to prove a correlation between neurophysiological changes and motor improvement. Although current studies seem to suggest a role of PAS in post-stroke rehabilitation, their heterogeneity and limited number do not yet allow definitive conclusions to be drawn.
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- 2024
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90. Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
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J. Hieronymus, M. Hieronymus, M. Gröger, J. Schwinger, R. Bernadello, E. Tourigny, V. Sicardi, I. Ruvalcaba Baroni, and K. Wyser
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Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Life ,QH501-531 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Shifts in the day of peak net primary production (NPP) were detected in different biogeochemical provinces of the North Atlantic (25–65° N). Most provinces displayed a shift toward earlier peak NPP, with the largest change points in the 21st century and in the northern parts of the domain. Furthermore, the occurrences of the first day with a mixed-layer depth (MLD) shallower than 40 m and the day of peak NPP are positively correlated over most of the domain. As was the case for the day of peak NPP, the largest change points for the day of MLD shallower than 40 m occur around or after the year 2000. Daily output from two fully coupled CMIP6 Earth system models, EC-Earth3-CC and NorESM2-LM, for the period 1750–2100 and under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, were used for the analysis. The ESM NPP data were compared with estimates derived from Carbon, Absorption and Fluorescence Euphotic-resolving (CAFE) satellite-based data. The ESMs showed significant differences from the CAFE model, though the timing of peak NPP was well captured for most provinces. The largest change points in the day of peak NPP occur earlier in EC-Earth3-CC than in NorESM2-LM. Although SSP5-8.5 is a scenario with very high warming, EC-Earth3-CC generates change points for most provinces in the early part of the 21st century, before the warming has deviated far from lower-emissions scenarios. NorESM2-LM displays the largest change points centered around the mid 21st century, with two out of eight provinces displaying the largest change point before the year 2050. The early timing of the detected shifts in some provinces in both ESMs suggests that similar shifts could already have been initiated or could start in the near future. This highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in the North Atlantic.
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- 2024
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91. The importance of basic and translational research in caring for children with malignant solid tumors in Latin America
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María Belen Cancela, Milagros Dinardi, Rosario Aschero, Santiago Zugbi, Guillermo Chantada, Lorena Baroni, and Paula Schaiquevich
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malignant neoplasms ,brain neoplasms ,basic research ,translational research, biomedical ,latin america ,Medicine ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objective. Basic and translational research in pediatric cancer are essential to improve patient care. To critically assess the developments achieved in these areas in Latin America, we systematically reviewed information published between 2013 and 2023. Methods. Studies of basic and translational research performed by investigators in Latin America evaluating pediatric malignant solid and central nervous system tumors were retrieved from PubMed. Original articles published in English between 2013 and 2023 were included. Collaborations among Latin American authors or among Latin American authors working with researchers from other continents were also included. Studies were excluded if they focused only on adults or on basic research in tumor biology not specifically related to the tumor types analyzed in this review. Results. A total of 550 articles were retrieved, but after removal of duplicates, 514 articles were included in the analysis, the majority of which were authored by researchers affiliated with institutions in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. These countries also had the highest number of collaborations on original articles published with authors from Europe and North America. Argentina had the highest number of collaborations on original publications, with coauthors from Brazil and Uruguay. The median impact factor of the 244 journals in which articles were published was 3.5. The most commonly studied tumors were osteosarcomas, neuroblastomas and medulloblastomas; the most commonly studied areas were molecular analysis, tumor cell biology and biomarkers. Conclusions. In Latin America, research in pediatric oncology is on the agenda, despite a notable disparity in publication rates and frequency of collaboration between countries. There is a need to strengthen scientific collaboration within Latin America and with countries from other continents to promote research and to develop novel treatment strategies that reflect the local needs of children in Latin America who have solid tumors and brain cancer.
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- 2024
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92. Effectiveness of the socioecological informed contextual treatment summary and care plan (TSSCP-P, Brazil) for breast cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled study
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das Graças Silva Matsubara, Maria, Bergerot, Cristiane Decat, Ashing, Kimlin Tam, Makdissi, Fabiana Baroni Alves, Elias, Simone, and De Domenico, Edvane Birelo Lopes
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- 2024
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93. Deep quantum circuit simulations of low-energy nuclear states
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Li, Ang, Baroni, Alessandro, Stetcu, Ionel, and Humble, Travis S.
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- 2024
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94. Universal Design for Learning at University: Technologies, Blended Learning and Teaching Methods
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Federica Baroni and Marco Lazzari
- Abstract
The paper reports the first results of an experience of university teaching innovation in progress. It is based on multiple means of "Engagement", "Representation", and "Action & Expression" in the framework of the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) approach. The action repeats, with some improvements, a previous university experience of Flipped Classroom in distance learning, and it has been proposed in dual mode to second year students enrolled in a course on "Teaching and Learning" of the bachelor's degree program in Education of the University of Bergamo, in Italy. The paper investigates the students' perception about: 1) the attractiveness of the proposal compared to more traditional approaches; 2) their own learning paths; 3) their motivation. A quantitative and qualitative survey detected the students' perception of the teaching methods for this course, with main focus on the use of active teaching aimed at breaking down learning barriers, in the UDL perspective. [This paper was published in: "Transforming our World through Universal Design for Human Development: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Universal Design (UD2022). Studies in Health Technology and Informatics," edited by Ilaria Garofolo et al., IOS Press, 2022, pp. 541-48.]
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- 2022
95. First-principles study of the gap in the spin excitation spectrum of the CrI$_3$ honeycomb ferromagnet
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Gorni, Tommaso, Baseggio, Oscar, Delugas, Pietro, Timrov, Iurii, and Baroni, Stefano
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The nature of the gap observed at the zone border in the spin-excitation spectrum of CrI$_3$ quasi-2D single crystals is still controversial. We perform first-principles calculations based on time-dependent density-functional perturbation theory, which indicate that the observed gap results from a combination of spin-orbit and inter-layer interaction effects. The former give rise to the anisotropic spin-spin interactions that are responsible for its very existence, while the latter determine both its displacement from the K point of the Brillouin zone due to the in-plane lattice distortions induced by them, and an enhancement of its magnitude, in agreement with experiments and previous theoretical work based on a lattice model.
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- 2022
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96. Projection algorithm for state preparation on quantum computers
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Stetcu, I., Baroni, A., and Carlson, J.
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Quantum Physics ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
We present an efficient method to prepare states of a many-body system on quantum hardware, first isolating individual quantum numbers and then using time evolution to isolate the energy. Our method in its simplest form requires only one additional auxiliary qubit. The total time evolved for an accurate solution is proportional to the ratio of the spectrum range of the trial state to the gap to the lowest excited state, and the accuracy increases exponentially with the time evolved. Isolating the quantum numbers is efficient because of the known eigenvalues, and increases the gap thus shortening the propagation time required. The success rate of the algorithm, or the probability of producing the desired state, is a simple function of measurement times and phases and is dominated by the square overlap of the original state to the desired state. We present examples from the nuclear shell model and the Heisenberg model. We compare this algorithm to previous algorithms for short evolution times and discuss potential further improvements.
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- 2022
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97. Chaotic saddles and interior crises in a dissipative nontwist system
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Baroni, Rodrigo Simile, de Carvalho, Ricardo Egydio, Caldas, Iberê Luiz, Viana, Ricardo Luiz, and Morrison, Philip J
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Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics - Abstract
We consider a dissipative version of the standard nontwist map. Nontwist systems present a robust transport barrier, called the shearless curve, that becomes the shearless attractor when dissipation is introduced. This attractor can be regular or chaotic depending on the control parameters. Chaotic attractors can undergo sudden and qualitative changes as a parameter is varied. These changes are called crises, and at an interior crisis the attractor suddenly expands. Chaotic saddles are nonattracting chaotic sets that play a fundamental role in the dynamics of nonlinear systems, they are responsible for chaotic transients, fractal basin boundaries, chaotic scattering and they mediate interior crises. In this work we discuss the creation of chaotic saddles in a dissipative nontwist system and the interior crises they generate. We show how the presence of two saddles increase the transient times and analyze the phenomenon of crisis induced intermittency.
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- 2022
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98. Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation versus percutaneous ethanol injection for early hepatocellular carcinoma in a resource-poor setting: a randomized trial
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Guilherme Cayres Mariotti, Guilherme Eduardo Gonçalves Felga, Rodrigo Gobbo Garcia, Priscila Mina Falsarella, Bruno Pagnin Schmid, Daniel Tavares Malheiros, Ronaldo Hueb Baroni, and Ary Serpa Neto
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Liver neoplasms ,Radiology, interventional ,Ablation techniques ,Liver transplantation ,Cost-effectiveness evaluation ,Medicine - Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation compared with percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to the objective response rate and costs related to the procedure. Methods: This was a prospective single-center randomized trial. The primary outcome was cost-effectiveness. Secondary outcomes were the complete response rate according to the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 60 days after randomization and the complication rate within 180 60 days. Results: Fifty patients were placed into the following groups: percutaneous ethanol injection (n=23) and radiofrequency ablation (n=27). Fifty-four nodules were randomized (mean follow-up: 205.37 days). The estimated mean hospital cost was US$ 1854.11 and US$ 2770.96 for the Radiofrequency Ablation and Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Groups, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was US$ -2674.59, which is advantageous for radiofrequency ablation. After 60 d, 28 of 29 nodules in the Radiofrequency Ablation Group achieved complete response versus 12 of 22 in the Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Group (RD, 42.01 [95%CI= 20.55–63.24]; p0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation was more cost-effective and achieved higher complete response and lower complication rates than the Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Group within this cohort. Registry of Clinical Trials: NCT06450613
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- 2024
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99. Elevated levels of damage-associated molecular patterns HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 coupled with toll-like receptor-triggered monocyte activation are associated with inflammation in patients with myelofibrosis
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Geraldine De Luca, Nora P. Goette, Paola R. Lev, Maria C. Baroni Pietto, Cecilia P. Marin Oyarzún, Miguel A. Castro Ríos, Beatriz Moiraghi, Federico Sackmann, Laureano J. Kamiya, Veronica Verri, Victoria Caula, Vanina Fernandez, Angeles Vicente, Julio Pose Cabarcos, Vanesa Caruso, Maria F. Camacho, Irene B. Larripa, Marina Khoury, Rosana F. Marta, Ana C. Glembotsky, and Paula G. Heller
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myelofibrosis ,monocyte ,inflammation ,HMGB1 ,S100A8/A9 ,Toll-like receptors ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of primary and post-essential thrombocythemia or post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis (MF) in close cooperation with the underlying molecular drivers. This inflammatory state is induced by a dynamic spectrum of inflammatory cytokines, although recent evidence points to the participation of additional soluble inflammatory mediators. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) represent endogenous signals released upon cell death or damage which trigger a potent innate immune response. We assessed the contribution of two prototypical DAMPs, HMGB1 and S100A8/A9, to MF inflammation. Circulating HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 were elevated in MF patients in parallel to the degree of systemic inflammation and levels increased progressively during advanced disease stages. Patients with elevated DAMPs had higher frequency of adverse clinical features, such as anemia, and inferior survival, suggesting their contribution to disease progression. Monocytes, which are key players in MF inflammation, were identified as a source of S100A8/A9 but not HMGB1 release, while both DAMPs correlated with cell death parameters, such as serum LDH and cell-free DNA, indicating that passive release is an additional mechanism leading to increased DAMPs. HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 promote inflammation through binding to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, whereas the former also binds TLR2. Monocytes from MF patients were shown to be hyperactivated at baseline, as reflected by higher CD11b and tissue factor exposure and increased expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Patient monocytes showed preserved TLR4 and TLR2 expression and were able to mount normal or even exacerbated functional responses and cytokine upregulation following stimulation of TLR4 and TLR2. Elevated levels of endogenous TLR ligands HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 coupled to the finding of preserved or hyperreactive TLR-triggered responses indicate that DAMPs may promote monocyte activation and cytokine production in MF, fueling inflammation. Plasma IL-1β and IL-6 were elevated in MF and correlated with DAMPs levels, raising the possibility that DAMPs could contribute to cytokine generation in vivo. In conclusion, this study highlights that, in cooperation with classic proinflammatory cytokines, DAMPs represent additional inflammatory mediators that may participate in the generation of MF inflammatory state, potentially providing novel biomarkers of disease progression and new therapeutic targets.
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- 2024
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100. EVALUATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF SCREENING COLONOSCOPY PERFORMED IN A PRIVATE QUARTERNARY HOSPITAL IN BRAZIL
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Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de MOURA, Luiza Martins BARONI, Alexandre Moraes BESTETTI, Mateus Pereira FUNARI, Rodrigo Silva de Padua ROCHA, Marcos Eduardo Lera dos SANTOS, Saullo Queiroz SILVEIRA, and Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de MOURA
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Colorectal Neoplasms ,Adenoma ,Colonoscopy ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in Brazil, despite the availability of screening methods that reduce its risk. Colonoscopy is the only screening method that also allows therapeutic procedures. The proper screening through colonoscopy is linked to the quality of the exam, which can be evaluated according to quality criteria recommended by various institutions. Among the factors, the most used is the Adenoma Detection Rate, which should be at least 25% for general population. AIMS: To evaluate the quality of the screening colonoscopies performed in a quarternary private Brazilian hospital. METHODS: This is a retrospective study evaluating the quality indicators of colonoscopies performed at a private center since its inauguration. Only asymptomatic patients aged over 45 years who underwent screening colonoscopy were included. The primary outcome was the Adenoma Detection Rate, and secondary outcomes included polyps detection rate and safety profile. Subanalyses evaluated the correlation of endoscopic findings with gender and age and the evolution of detection rates over the years. RESULTS: A total of 2,144 patients were include with a mean age of 60.54 years-old. Polyps were diagnosed in 68.6% of the procedures. Adenoma detection rate was 46.8%, with an increasing rate over the years, mainly in males. A low rate of adverse events was reported in 0.23% of the cases, with no need for surgical intervention and no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that high quality screening colonoscopy is possible when performed by experienced endoscopists and trained nurses, under an adequate infrastructure.
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- 2024
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