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The main aspects of the control system of training in sport and identified two methodological concepts determine the amount of physical activity during the training sessions. It is established that the physical training and sports activities in the course of employment estimate the value of physical activity mainly due to the reaction rates of the functional systems of the body to an external stimulus. Such an assessment, especially in a narrow range of controllable parameters (for the reaction of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems), is more theoretical in nature and does not allow to clearly define the critical load levels for a particular organism. This problem highlights the need to use a single, integrated, suitable for precise mathematical analysis of the universal, possibly conditional, indicator or criteria for evaluating physical activity. Development of this criterion will optimize the training process at different stages of training opportunities tailored to individual athletes.

During investigations it was established that there are important changes in body composition parameters university students, who in the classroom with the general physical culture introduced by the training facilities with athleticism. The level indicators of body composition and dynamics are fully dependent on the employment structure, volume and intensity of physical exertion their focus. It is established that achieving the optimal performance of body composition may occur even with minimal training work. Planning sessions with physical cultures s light variation of volume and intensity of stress, achieves the required level of adaptation processes.

It was established that the primary data do not extend beyond the norm (195 - 462 unit of litre), but show us the specified action (increase and decrease of LDG in the blood) by various kinds of dimension index and intensity of physical activity of the groups. The process of adaptation to a three-month training cycle loads are accompanied by a decrease in average group levels of LDG in the blood by 4.4% after a training lesson in comparison with the dormancy. It was established that the process of change in the level of LDG in the blood of participants of the groups significantly affect the structure and various kind of the training components, consequently during the athleticism training

В течение последних лет отмечается явление спорадических сбоев в работе конвенциональной модели электорального прогнозирования. Природа этих сбоев остается неясной, а отраслевые исследования, проведенные по фактам наиболее одиозных ошибок, сосредотачивают свое внимание на традиционном круге вопросов, связанных с точностью измерения (выборка, проблема социально одобряемых ответов и т. п.) В настоящей статье рассматривается модель, объясняющая происхождение подобных ошибок отказом конвенциональных методов прогнозирования от учета эмоциональных факторов электорального поведения. На эмпирическом материале выборов в Государственную думу 2016 г. и выборов президента РФ 2018 г. проверяются приложимость к электоральному поведению теории согласованности установки М. Розенберга и влияние на точность прогноза введения дополнительного фильтра — аффективного отношения избирателя к различным кандидатам. Результаты рассмотрения эмпирических данных показывают, что рассогласованность установки по отношению к различным электоральным альтернативам — надежно регистрируемое рядовое явление. На этом фоне дополнение прогнозной модели фактором аффективного отношения к кандидатам позволяет устойчиво повышать точность прогноза результатов выборов. В полном соответствии с предложенной моделью такое явление в большей мере наблюдается для случая большей политической неопределенности и относительной рассогласованности установок (2016 г.) и в меньшей — для случая меньшей политической неопределенности и относительной согласованности установок (2018 г.) Актуальность предложенной постановки проблемы обуславливается высокой вероятностью значительной политической неопределенности выборов 2021 и 2024 гг. В теоретико- методологическом плане полученные результаты ставят вопрос о необходимости и возможности кардинального улучшения конвенциональной модели прогнозирования.

Важным трендом современных общественных наук является углубляющееся понимание высокой структурной сложности факторов человеческого поведения. Например, в экономической науке постепенно утверждается признание ограниченности фундаментальной для данной дисциплины модели "экономического человека", сводящей все разнообразие мотивов его поведения к "максимизации полезности" имеющихся у него ресурсов. На этом фоне обращает на себя внимание факт, что электоральное поведение продолжает рассматриваться как частный случай "экономического поведения", когда единственным мотивом голосования считается осознанное преследование избирателями "своих интересов". При ближайшем рассмотрении оказывается, что данное допущение не имеет прозрачных оснований, но по инерции используется, несмотря на многочисленные "неудобные" эмпирические факты. В представленной статье рассмотрены теоретические ограничения применимости модели "экономического поведения" к сфере электорального выбора и представлен разнообразный эмпирический материал, указывающий на целые области, где поведение человека не может объясняться только рассудочно-мотивированными поисками "наилучших исходов". Сам эмпирический материал собран с использованием разработанного автором теста, описание, механизмы работы и подходы к интерпретации результатов которого публикуются впервые.

Background: Correction of the training system in various sports based on the previous competition results analysis is a common practice allowing to quickly increase the training level. However, such studies have not been conducted in MMA for athletes who primarily use a wrestling or striking style of fighting. The purpose of the study was the development and practical implementation of an integral methodology for improving the precompetition training of athletes, taking into account their fighting style, based on the analysis of the previous competitions results. Material and methods: 10 athletes of the Ukrainian national MMA junior team (16-17 years old) took part in the study. At the first stage of the study, the training process of the pre-competition mesocycle and the 2022 European MMA Championship results were analyzed. At the second stage, the methodology for correcting the training process was developed and implemented during 2 months of pre-competition preparation for the 2022 MMA World Championship. At the third stage, there was a comparative analysis of the athletes' performance results in both competitions. Results: The study showed that using the "classical" method of pre-competition preparation for the European Championship contributed to the fact that during the competition, 68.7% of the fights were won. The use of the experimental methodology for two months of training contributed to the development of maximal strength by 8.8% in athletes with wrestling style and by 20.6% in athletes with striking style of fighting. The practical implementation of increasing the adaptive body reserves during pre-competition training was carried out during the World Championship. 84.4% of the total number of fights were won. At the same time, the number of fights, which ended early by knockout, painful or choke hold, or with a clear advantage, increased by 19.0% compared to the results of the European Championship. Conclusions: The use of the integral training method allowed increasing the implementation of technical skills and functional capabilities of athletes, taking into account their style of fighting in competitive activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is meant to investigate the dynamics of the agility manifestation in basketball game, during the physical education lesson for 12-14-year-old students of middle school. This scientific approach entailed the organization of a confirmatory study carried out in the „Mircea cel Bătrân” Middle School of Pitești, Romania. The subjects of the research were 17 schoolgirls aged 12-14 years. The specific speed (agility) and the 5x10 m dribbling shuttle were tested by means of the „Witty” wirelesstiming electronic system. Measured indices: total time (sec) and time for each 10 m line (Lap). The technical training was evaluated using 3 technical tests from the basketball game. The results of the research show the dynamics of the manifestation indices of the specific speed (agility) in the basketball game for 12-14-year-old schoolgirls, highlighting: the average total time, the weight of the time at each line of 10 m (Lap) and the speed of movement calculated both totally and at each Lap. The technical training results reveal a level of 81.8% in terms of correctness of the executions (within the performed tests). About 30% of the students recorded scores below the group average (referring to the individual performances). The correlation analysis highlight strong connections at p<0.001, with negative values between the investigated indices, which justifies the existence of a mutual influence between variables. Data are useful for physical education teachers and basketball specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Physical Education Theory & Methodology is the property of OVS LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obtained and summarized the results of studies indicate that the content of the hormone cortisol when exposed to body exercise power orientation exhibits rapid reaction type, which have no signs of consolidation over the three years of occupation by force sports. The studies found that reducing the amount of cortisol in the blood, fixed after the training load in all four study groups, showing a certain dependence on the magnitude and intensity of training loads, and possibly on the level of fitness.

Aim. Institutions of higher education in Ukraine should transform the quantitative indicators of educational services into quality, which involves reviewing the content of higher education and filling it with modern material, the introduction of new learning technologies. The preparation of young people for professional activities is carried out within the educational system. The strategy of the current higher education should form a specialist who is able not only to realize the accumulated potential of knowledge, skills and abilities, but also to go beyond the regulated activities (Klymovych, Olkhovy?, Romanchuk, 2016). The defined strategy characterizes the tendency to increase the role of the "human factor" in all spheres of activity, including in the military direction. Distinctive features of youth education in higher education institutions are the ever-increasing amount of educational information with limited training time; intense nervous and emotional load; overload of the intellectual sphere; reduction of motor activity. One of the leading places in the education system is physical education. This is the only academic discipline that accompanies the student (cadet) throughout the period of study. The level of physical fitness is determined during the selection of an entrant to study in an educational institution, in each semester of study, during inspections and unannounced inspections, as well as during the state certification for graduation. Methods. To determine the impact of crossfit on the development of basic physical qualities, we conducted a comparative analysis of the level and dynamics of physical fitness of young people who were in the learning process (IIV semesters) regularly engaged in crossfit section (this group was marked 1 (n =24)) and students, who were engaged in the existing program of physical education in higher education institutions (1 2 (n = 23)). Results. The level of physical fitness was determined in accordance with the results of exams and tests in physical education. No significant difference was found during the first three semesters (p>0.05). In the fourth semester, a significant difference was found (t =4.44; p <0.001), that the impact of crossfit was more pronounced in the fourth semester, and the use of crossfit led to higher results of basic physical qualities. Conclusions. Comparing the results of indicators of basic physical quality of students who were systematically engaged in crossfit in the primary education process and students who studied under the existing program of physical education in higher education, we can conclude that the use of crossfit leads to higher results of basic physical qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to study the features of the influence of training loads in bodybuilding with the sequential use of basic and isolation exercises on the nature of adaptive body changes in athletes. Methods. 60 bodybuilders aged 18 ± 0.23 were divided into 3 groups, which used different combinations of basic and isolation exercises at the stage of specialized basic training during 4 months. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed training programs on the nature of adaptive changes in the body of athletes we used morphometric parameters, indicators of bioimpedansometry and biochemical analysis of cortisol concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the blood. Results. The pronounced adaptive changes for the period of research were observed mainly in athletes of the third group due to increase in the circumferential sizes by 7.7% (p <0.05) and increase in fat-free mass by 8.5% (p <0.05) and decrease in body fat by 9.1% (p <0.05). Representatives of groups 1 and 2 also had positive dynamics in circumferential sizes and body composition, but with a less pronounced progression over the same period. At the same time, the results of biochemical blood control indicated the manifestation of compensatory reactions in response to physical stimuli in bodybuilders of group 1, especially at the beginning of the study. Thus, group 1 athletes had a decrease in the cortisol concentration by 26.8% (p <0.05) on the background of a significant increase in LDH activity by 37.4% (p <0.05) in the blood almost to the upper limit of the norm. Athletes of groups 2 and 3 showed a safe increase in cortisol concentration and LDH activity in response to a stress stimulus. At the end of the study, we observed the effect of long-term adaptation mainly in group 3 athletes on the background of no significant changes in cortisol concentration and LDH activity in the blood serum in response to exercise, which indicated increasing the body resistance to the physical stimuli. Conclusion. Using the proposed mechanism of the training process correction at the stage of special basic training in bodybuilding allows to optimize the training load parameters as well as achieve pronounced adaptive changes in the body of athletes and their muscle growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem Statement. The task of psychophysiological control is to obtain operational information about the state of the main characteristics and qualities of the athlete, which can be used to correct the training system. Psychophysiological control include of complex of assessments of personal-typological, sensorimotor, psychcogial and cognitive characteristics of the athlete. There is a need to develop a system for diagnosing of psychophysiological states and correction of deficits of adaptation process for elite athletes. Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare psychophysiological state among Croatia and Ukrainian wrestlers and add to a more holistic psychophysiological diagnostic in expert athletes. Methods: Participants are the elite Greco-Roman wrestlers and members of the national teams of Ukraine (20 athletes) and Croatia (12 athletes). The psychophysiological states of wrestlers were studied by a holistic methodological approach which includes: estimate of psychological state, balance of nervous process and functional mobility of nervous process. Results: The results indicated higher performance in visual perception and the ability of information processing speed of Ukrainian wrestlers compared to Croatian wrestlers. Differences have been observed as well in optimal impulsiveness, emotional stability and stress resistance that is less optimal Croatian wrestlers. Croatian wrestlers have an increased level of impulsivity and, as a result show low emotional stability. This may indicates possible spontaneous and premature actions of wrestlers. For Ukraine wrestlers arousal and fatigue management are future goals for improvement. Conclusions: We conclude that Ukraine Team should improve preparedness to training given the fatigue and arousal. For Croatian wrestlers emotional instability and improvement of visual perception need to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]