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With the aim of improving the teaching and learning of chemistry functional groups, a didactic strategy was designed based on real-life situations. This strategy was used at the high school level, in the subject of “Chemistry II.” One group of students was taught functional groups using interactive board software through different dynamics (experimental group), and another group was taught traditionally (control group). Learning was evaluated through a series of questions, exercise solving, and scientific problems. Results indicate that the group of students in which the interactive board software was used achieved higher learning levels in comparison to the control group, which was traditionally taught.

Como a multissensorialidade e o uso somático do corpo podem contribuir para as experiências artísticas, seja no Museu ou sala de aula? Este estudo, entre muitas questões amplas, pretende pensar a experiência estética, através de uma abordagem multissensorial a partir da inclusão como equiparação de oportunidades e da acessibilidade como amplo recurso mediador. Os recursos de mediação multissensoriais colaboram para a melhoria da interação de todos, videntes ou não frente a arte e seus processos, a partir do entendimento do corpo como um todo integrado, sensível. How the multisensoriality and somatic use of the body can contribute to the artistic experience, either in the museum or in the classroom? This study aims to think the aesthetic experience, through a multisensory approach to visually impaired starting from the inclusion as equal rights and access to broad mediator feature. The multisensory mediation capabilities collaborate to improve the interaction of all, visionaries or not, against art and its processes, from the understanding of the body as an integrated, responsive whole. Dissertação (Mestrado)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of colistin- and carbapenemic-resistant genes in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated at the Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima (2015-2018). Susceptibility levels were analyzed by disk diffusion and microdilution. The presence of colistin- and carbapenemic-resistant genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was related to clonality. A total of 36 K. pneumoniae strains were analyzed, 5 (13.8%) were resistant to colistin and belonged to different clonal groups. Only 2 strains were found with carbapenemases (bla KPC and bla NDM), and no colistin plasmid genes were detected. High resistance levels to the other tested antimicrobials were observed, except for amikacin (13.9%). The results highlight the presence of colistin-resistant strains (33.3% in 2018), a worrying situation as they are part of the latest treatment alternatives for infections caused by multiresistant pathogens.El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los niveles y mecanismos de resistencia a la colistina y a los carbapenémicos en cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrogorresistente aisladas durante el periodo 2015-2018 en el Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima. Se analizó la sensibilidad mediante difusión en disco y microdilución. La presencia de genes de resistencia a los carbapenémicos y a la colistina se determinó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, por sus siglas en inglés) y se la relacionó con la clonalidad. Se analizaron 36 cepas de K. pneumoniae, cinco (13,8%) fueron resistentes a la colistina, pertenecían a diferentes grupos clonales. Se encontraron dos cepas con carbapenemasas (bla KPC y bla NDM) y no se detectaron genes plasmídicos para la colistina. Los niveles de resistencia al resto de antimicrobianos testados fueron elevados, a excepción de amikacina (13,9%). Los resultados destacan la presencia de cepas resistentes a la colistina (33,3% en 2018), situación preocupante por ser esta parte de las últimas alternativas de tratamiento para las infecciones causadas por patógenos multirresistentes.

IntroductionThe incidence of depression is high during the perinatal period. This mood disorder can have a significant impact on the mother, the child and the family.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of an exercise programme during pregnancy on the risk of perinatal depression.MethodsHealthy women who were ResultsOne hundred and twenty-four pregnant women were allocated to either the intervention (IG=70) or the control (CG=54) group. No differences were found in the percentage of depressed women at baseline (20% vs 18.5%) (χ2=0.043; p=0.836). A smaller percentage of depressed women were identified in the IG compared with the CG at 38 gestational weeks (18.6% vs 35.6%) (χ2=4.190; p=0.041) and at 6 weeks postpartum (14.5% vs 29.8%) (χ2=3.985; p=0.046) using the per-protocol analysis. No significant differences were found using the intention-to-treat analyses, except in the multiple imputation analysis at week 38 (18.6% vs 34.4%) (χ2=4.085; p=0.049).ConclusionAn exercise programme performed during pregnancy may reduce the prevalence of depression in late pregnancy and postpartum.Trial registration numberNCT02420288; Results.

Para establecer las características espaciales-ambientales de zonas que durante el segundo semestre de 2011 registraron el mayor número de homicidios en Bogotá se realizó un estudio descriptivo-observacional, enmarcado en la criminología ambiental. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Observación Ambiental para Análisis Espacio-Temporal del homicidio en Bogotá, en 51 puntos de concentración del crimen. Los resultados reflejan la predominancia espacial-ambiental en la ocurrencia del homicidio, soportados en variables de la teoría del desorden, de territorialidad, de rutina de actividad y del espacio defendible. En consecuencia, condiciones físicas parecen facilitar el delito y percepción del potencial homicida para cometerlo. Los hallazgos permiten obtener evidencia empírica para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención situacional del delito y, en particular, el diseño de espacios defendibles, sustentados en la intervención del territorio con acciones multidimensionales diferenciales. To determine the spatial-environmental characteristics of the districts which reported the largest number of homicides in Bogotá during the second semester of 2011, we undertook a descriptive-observational study within the framework of environmental criminology. The Questionnaire of Environmental Observation for the Spatial-Temporal Analysis of homicide in Bogotá was applied to 51 focal points of crime. The results show the predominance of spatial-environmental factors in the occurrence of homicide, backed by variables of the theory of disorder, territoriality, routine activity and the defendable space. As a consequence, the physical conditions seem to have facilitated the occurrence of crime and the perception of the potential murderer who is about to the commit one. These findings have enabled us to obtain empirical evidence for the development of strategies for the situational prevention of crime, and in particular, design defendable spaces, based on the implementation of differential multi-dimensional actions in the territory. Para estabelecer as características espaço-ambientais de áreas que, durante o segundo semestre de 2011, registraram o maior número de homicídios em Bogotá, realizou-se um estudo descritivo-observacional, focado na criminologia ambiental. Aplicou-se o Questionário de Observação Ambiental para a Análise Espaço-temporal do Homicídio em Bogotá em 51 pontos de concentração do crime. Os resultados refletem a predominância espaço-ambiental na ocorrência do homicídio, apoiado em variáveis da teoria da desordem, de territorialidade, de rotina de atividade e do espaço defendível. Em consequência, condições físicas parecem facilitar o delito e a percepção do potencial homicida para cometê-lo. As constatações permitem obter evidência empírica para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção situacional do delito e, em particular, o desenho de espaços defendíveis, apoiados na intervenção do território com ações multidimensionais diferenciais.

Placental weight (PW) is a measure commonly used to summarize growth and aspects of placental function. In a normal pregnancy, it is reasonable to assume that PW is related to aspects of the functional capacity of the placenta. The placenta, as the site for all maternal–fetal oxygen and nutrient exchange, influences birth weight and is thus central to a successful pregnancy outcome. PW is the most common way to characterize placental growth, which relates to placental function. With physical exercise becoming an integral part of life for many women, the question of whether exercise during pregnancy has an adverse effect on the growing fetus is very important. The aim was to examine the influence of an aerobic exercise program throughout pregnancy on PW among healthy pregnant women. A randomized control trial was used (registration trial number: NCT02420288). Women were randomized into an exercise group (EG; n = 33) or a control group (CG; n = 32) that received standard care. The EG trained 3 days/week (55–60 min/session) from gestational Weeks 9–11 until Weeks 38–39. The 85 training sessions involved aerobic, muscular and pelvic floor strength, and flexibility exercises. PW and other pregnancy outcomes were measured. There was high attendance to the exercise program, and no differences in the PW at delivery were observed between study groups (CG = 493.2 ± 119.6 g vs. EG = 495.4 ± 150 g, p = .95). A regular, supervised exercise program throughout pregnancy does not affect the PW in healthy pregnant women.

BackgroundPrevious literature supports exercise as a preventative agent for prenatal depression; however, treatment effects for women at risk for prenatal depression remain unexplored. The purpose of the study was to examine whether exercise can lower depressive symptoms among women who began pregnancy at risk for depression using both a statistical significance and reliable and clinically significant change criteria.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials that followed the same exercise protocol. Pregnant women were allocated to an exercise intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). All participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Depression (CES-D) scale at gestational week 9–16 and 36–38. Women with a baseline score ⩾16 were included. A clinically reliable cut-off was calculated as a 7-point change in scores from pre- to post-intervention.ResultsThirty-six women in the IG and 25 women in the CG scored ⩾16 on the CES-D at baseline. At week 36–38 the IG had a statistically significant lower CES-D score (14.4 ± 8.6) than the CG (19.4 ± 11.1; p < 0.05). Twenty-two women in the IG (61%) had a clinically reliable decrease in their post-intervention score compared to eight women in the CG (32%; p < 0.05). Among the women who met the reliable change criteria, 18 (81%) in the IG and 7 (88%) in the CG had a score p > 0.05).ConclusionsA structured exercise program might be a useful treatment option for women at risk for prenatal depression.

Objective: to analyse maternal physiological changes in several areas (cardiovascular, metabolic, renal and hepatic) related to the regular practice of a supervised exercise program. Methods: This is an unplanned secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial carried out in a single maternity unit in Madrid, Spain (NCT 02,756,143). From November 2014 to June 2015, 92 women were randomly assigned to perform a mild-moderate supervised exercise program during pregnancy (Intervention group, IG) or to continue with their routine pregnancy care (control group, CG). For the purpose of this study we collected clinical and analytical data (heart blood pressure, weight, blood glucose, AST, ALT, blood Creatinine and blood Uric acid) available from all obstetric visits and examined the differences between groups. Results: We did not find any differences in: pregnancy weight (IG: 11.4 ± 4.4 Kg vs. CG: 10.1 ± 5.3 Kg; p = 0.173); fasting glucose at 10+0–12+6 weeks (IG: 78.48±8.34 vs. CG: 76±13.26, p = 0.305) or at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 73.25±10.27 vs CG: 73.45± 8.29,p = 0.920), and 50 gs glucose tolerance at 24+4–26+6weeks (IG: 116.23±35.07 vs CG: 116.36±25.98, p = 0.984); Aspartate-amino-transferase at 10+0–12+6 weeks (IG: 15.38±4.17 vs CG: 17.33±7.05, p = 0.124) and at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 21.65±5.25 vs CG: 19.53±8.32, p = 0.165) or Alanine-amino- transferase at 10+0–12+6 weeks (IG: 27.50±10.63 vs CG: 28.27±11.77, p = 0.746) or at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 22.93±9.23 vs CG: 20.84±13.49, p = 0.407); blood Creatinine concentrations at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 0.595±0.401 vs CG: 0.575±0.100, p = 0.757) and blood uric acid concentrations at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 3.526 ± 0.787 vs CG: 3.262±0.672, p = 0.218). Heart blood pressure was similar between groups except at 27+0–28+6 weeks, where systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the CG in comparison to the IG (116.31±10.8 mmHg vs. 120.22 ± 10.3 mmHg, p = 0.010). Conclusion: Regular supervised exercise during pregnancy does not alter normal maternal physiology pre-print 609 KB

Resumen En este estudio se buscó analizar los procesos de evaluación en el campo de la psicología forense en Colombia, teniendo como producto argumentativo un marco teórico acerca de la definición de la Psicología Forense (funciones y rol), sus problemas éticos, su aplicación en los diferentes campos del derecho, y sus contraflujos más recurrentes como el tipo de instrumentos y entrevistas que utiliza el psicólogo. De acuerdo con lo anterior y teniendo en cuenta los criterios de selección de los peritos para las pruebas, se diseñó una entrevista estructurada aplicada a una muestra de psicólogos del campo forense a nivel nacional realizando un análisis de corte cuantitativo sobre la experiencia del psicólogo forense, su participación en los diferentes clases de perito, las técnicas y criterios que usa como soporte en cualquier proceso, y por último, algunas conclusiones acerca del posicionamiento en que se encuentra el psicólogo forense en Colombia. Abstract In this study, we sought to analyze the evaluation processes in the field of forensic psychology in Colombia, having as argumentative product a theoretical framework about the definition of forensic psychology (functions and role), its ethical problems, its application in different fields of law, and its most recurrent counter-flows as the type of instruments and interviews used by the psychologist. In accordance with the foregoing and taking into account the selection criteria of the experts for the tests, a structured interview was designed applied to a sample of forensic field psychologists at a national level performing a quantitative analysis on the experience of the forensic psychologist, their participation in the different types of expert works, the techniques and criteria used as support in any process, and finally, some conclusions about the position in which the forensic psychologist is in Colombia.

Nacer en España o nacer en territorio español a los efectos de aplicación del artículo 17.1 c) del Código civil tiene trascendencia jurídica si el interesado nació en la ex colonia del Sahara antes del 26 de febrero de 1976, fecha en que España abandonara aquel territorio. La sentencia 207/2020, de 29 de mayo del Pleno de la Sala de lo Civil del Tribunal Supremo aborda, no sin ciertas dudas y con un Voto particular, la cuestión acerca de qué nacionalidad tenían los naturales del Sahara antes y después de la Ley 40/1975. Tomando la doctrina de la Sala 3ª TS en relación con la consideración de apátridas de algunos saharauis y confirmando la postura de la DGRN sobre las consecuencias del no ejercicio del derecho de opción conforme al RD 2258/76, el Pleno de la Sala de lo Civil ha perdido una excelente oportunidad de declarar la inconstitucionalidad sobrevenida del citado RD de 1976. ¿Qué razones justifican el fallo? ¿Qué otros argumentos hubieran podido esgrimirse? Con este enfoque se aborda nuestro comentario.

ResumenLa radioactividad es más conocida por sus efectos nocivos, por el estallido de las bombas atómicas en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, pero también tiene funciones beneficiosas para el cuidado de la salud, ya que sirve tanto para el diagnóstico temprano de enfermedades como para su tratamiento. En este trabajo se presenta, desde una perspectiva de educación química, los conceptos fundamentales de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET). Asimismo, se explica el proceso de producción de radiofármacos para PET, en particular 18F. También, se discuten diversos tipos de radiofármacos utilizados para diagnóstico de enfermedades oncológicas, neurológicas y cardíacas. El uso y aplicaciones clínicas de este método de imagen es ya una realidad en México desde el año 2005. Se espera que estudiantes y profesores del área de ciencias químico-biológicas logren una mejor comprensión y un panorama de los alcances y aplicaciones que puede tener esta técnica.AbstractThe radioactivity is more known for adverse effects by the explosion of atomic bombs in World War II, but also has features beneficial to health care since it serves for the early diagnosis of diseases to your treatment. This paper presents, from a perspective of chemical education, the fundamental concepts of the Emission of Positron Tomography (PET). Also explains the process of production of radiopharmaceuticals for PET, in particular 18F. Also, different types of radiopharmaceuticals used for diagnosis of oncological, neurological and cardiac diseases are discussed. The use and clinical applications of this method of Imaging is already a reality in Mexico since 2005. It is expected students and teachers of the area chemical biological sciences achieve a better understanding and an overview of the scope and applications that this technique can have.

Se define y describe el concepto “Dominio Salino en el Norte de Chile” como el resultado de la combinación de factores geológicos, geomorfológicos y climáticos/paleoclimáticos. Estos determinan que en la región del Norte Grande de Chile (18°-27°Lat.Sur) la presencia de sales tenga una amplia distribución en suelos, secuencias sedimentarias, cuencas evaporíticas, aguas subterráneas y superficiales y en nieblas dinámicas. Se reconoce la presencia mayoritaria de cloruros, sulfatos, carbonatos, boratos y de otras sales poco comunes en la Naturaleza, como nitratos, yodatos, cromatos, dicromatos, cloratos y percloratos. Este Dominio Salino incluye la formación de los principales yacimientos de Minerales Industriales de Chile, como en el caso de los de nitratos y yodo, sal, litio y otros subordinados, como los de boratos y potasio. Se describen el marco geológico, geomorfológico y climático/paleoclimático, el rol de las sales como agentes de meteorización y erosión y los yacimientos principales. Se reconoce la importancia de estos ambientes salinos como un hábitat excepcional para una variada microbiota con un gran potencial biotecnológico.

Este comentario tiene por objeto el examen del Auto de la Audiencia Provincial de Girona de 8 de octubre de 2019. La Audiencia contextualiza el régimen jurídico aplicable a la ejecución de una sentencia marroquí de divorcio con establecimiento de medidas de alimentos en el marco del Convenio hispano-marroquí de 1997. El análisis del cumplimiento y prueba de las condiciones para otorgar la autoridad de cosa juzgada en general y, en particular, la posibilidad de ejecución provisional de las medidas de alimentos en defecto de prueba de la firmeza constituye el núcleo de la controversia.

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Resumen: La interacción entre las normas de competencia judicial internacional y las cuestiones de fondo que resuelven las normas de conflicto en las distintas materias del derecho de familia constitu­yen un problema específico en los divorcios con elementos transfronterizo. En la SAP Barcelona de 15 de abril de 2019 se pone a prueba el sistema de competencia judicial internacional y de ley aplicable a raíz de una acción principal de divorcio donde, además, se han de establecer medidas de responsabilidad parental y fijar la obligación de alimentos.Palabras clave: competencia judicial internacional, ley aplicable, litigios transfronterizos: di­vorcio, responsabilidad parental, obligación de alimentos.Abstract: In family law matters specific issues raises from the interaction between the rules on international jurisdiction and applicable law. The Decision of the Barcelona Court of Appeal rended on April 15, 2019 tests the international jurisdiction system and the issues of applicable law in a cross-bor­der family litigation where a main divorce must be established in addition with parental responsibility measures and maintenance claims.Keywords: International jurisdiction, applicable law, cross-border UE family law: divorce, pa­rental responsability disputes, Maintenance claims.

Objective This article presents the state of knowledge related to the impact of exercise on gestational weight gain and birth weight. Transcendence of baby weight Birth weight is an important indicator of intrauterine environment and maternal and newborn health. There are several factors that can affect birth weight including mother's pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI), gestational weight gain, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), chronic diabetes and gestational age at birth. Impact of exercise during pregnancy Physical exercise has the potential to prevent excessive gestational weight gain, GDM and the potential complications associated with obesity during pregnancy. Therefore, women who regularly exercise during pregnancy are more likely to have an appropriate gestational weight gain and in turn, an appropriate birth weight infant, preventing being LGA without increasing risk of SGA, and this reduces risk factors for later life chronic disease development in the child including cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes. Recommendations It would be advisable to promote compliance with physical activity and exercise recommendations during pregnancy by using the specific resources to prescribe exercise to pregnant women without obstetric contraindications.

ResumenSe presenta una métrica integral que permite evaluar el acercamiento verde de un experimento dado, lo anterior a partir de su respectivo diagrama de flujo; en este se integran tanto el tratamiento y la disposición de los residuos, además de considerar los riesgos para la salud, el ambiente y la seguridad utilizando los pictogramas y rombos de seguridad de reactivos, sustancias auxiliares, productos y residuos. También se muestra una carta de 13 colores (del rojo al verde) en los sistemas RGB y CMYK que indican el número de principios de la química verde que cumple cada experimento, y que se utilizan como color de fondo en los componentes del diagrama.AbstractIn this paper a comprehensive metric that allows the assess to the greenness of the experiments from the flowchart is presented. The corresponding diagram integrates the treatment and disposal of waste, in addition are considered risks to health, the environment and security using pictograms and safety of reactive rhombuses, auxiliary substances, products and wastes. A letter from 13 colors (from red to green) is also shown in RGB and CMYK systems indicating the number of principles of green chemistry that meets each experiment, and which are used as background color in the diagram components.

This paper focus the regulation established in the Law 12/2015, June 24 for granting the Spanish nationality to the Sephardic originating from Spain. The second part analyzes the amendments made to the bill during the parliamentary process and critically examines the most important aspects of the final text of the law. En este trabajo se da cuenta de la regulación establecida en la Ley 12/2015, de 24 de junio para la concesión de la nacionalidad española a los sefardíes originarios de España. Esta segunda parte analiza las enmiendas introducidas al Proyecto de Ley durante el proceso parlamentario y examina críticamente los aspectos más relevantes del texto final de la ley.

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate digestibility and growth of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), fed with diets that included the commercial seaweed meals Nutrigreen (NG) and Nutrikelp (NK). The experimental diets were isonitrogenous (300 g kg−1) and isoenergetic (3.3 Mcal kg−1), and were formulated to include 4 and 8 % of the seaweed meal resulting in five experimental diets: NG4 % and NG8 % of the green seaweed and NK4 % and NK8 % of the brown seaweed, and a control diet without seaweed meal. Juvenile L. vannamei (1.42 g) were stocked in 15 60 L clean-water tanks at 70 shrimp m−2 to evaluate growth. Shrimps of 4.0 and 9.0 g were used for the digestibility trial. Survival in NK8 % (93.3 %) was the highest as compared to the control and the other diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter and crude protein were over 80 % in the seaweed meal treatments, and higher (P 0.05) were found for final weight, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and individual consumption. This result indicates that an inclusion of 4 and 8 % of brown and green meal in commercial shrimp feed supported adequate growth and survival of juvenile L. vannamei reared in RAS.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between physical exercise during pregnancy and maternal gestational weight gain and fetal cardiac function. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial of women with a singleton pregnancy managed from the first trimester at the Hospital de Torrejon, Madrid, between November 2014 and June 2015. Women were randomized to either follow a supervised physical conditioning program, consisting of a 60-min session 3 days per week for the duration of pregnancy, or not attend any exercise program (controls). The primary outcome was maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included fetal cardiac function parameters evaluated at 20, 28 and 36 weeks' gestation, Cesarean section, preterm delivery, induction of labor and birth weight. A sample size of 45 in each group was planned to detect differences in maternal weight gain of at least 1 kg, with a power of > 80% and α of 0.05. RESULTS During the study period, 120 women were randomized into the exercise (n = 75) and control (n = 45) groups. Following exclusions, the final cohort consisted of 42 women in the exercise group and 43 in the control group. Baseline characteristics (maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, parity, conception by in-vitro fertilization, Caucasian ethnicity, physical exercise prior to pregnancy and smoker) were similar between the two groups. No differences were found between the groups in maternal weight at 20, 28, 36 and 38 weeks' gestation or in weight gain at 38 weeks. However, the proportion of women with weight loss ≥ 9 kg at 6 weeks postpartum was higher in the exercise compared with the control group (68.2% vs 42.8%; relative risk 1.593; P = 0.02). The ductus arteriosus pulsatility index (DA-PI) at 20 weeks (2.43 ± 0.40 vs 2.26 ± 0.33, P

Na presente pesquisa avaliou-se o efeito da relação carbono/nitrogênio (C:N) na qualidade da água, produtividade e composição centesimal dos alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus durante 58 dias de cultivo. O desenho experimental consistiu em quatro tratamentos: um sistema convencional (controle) e três sistemas de biofloco (CN10, CN15 e CN20). Foram utilizadas 12 unidades experimentais de 0,04 m3 com 30 peixes (750 peixes m-3) com peso médio individual de 1,55 ± 0,01 g. Verificou-se a existência de interação entre os parí­¢metros de qualidade da água do sistema de biofloco e os parí­¢metros produtivos dos alevinos de tilápia. O tratamento CN10 apresentou baixa produção de sólidos sedimentáveis, 38,61 ± 0,54 mL L-1 (p

This paper aims to show how convenient and necessary is to promote tutorship in the domain of chemical education. It stands out tutorship role in the perspective of a comprehensive education, not only in the cognitive aspect, but in all of it's dimensions. Some reflections on the problems and challenges for their appropriate implementation are also presented. Based in our educational experience in the chemical area, actions, activities and suggestions are presented in order to consolidate tutor's action.ResumenEste trabajo pretende mostrar qué tan conveniente y necesario es promover la tutoría en el ámbito de la educación química. Se destaca el papel de la tutoría desde la perspectiva de una educación integral, no solo en el aspecto cognitivo, sino en todas sus dimensiones. También se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre los problemas y retos para su apropiada implantación. Basándonos en nuestra experiencia docente en el área de química, se presentan acciones, actividades y sugerencias para consolidar la acción del tutor.

La evaluación de competencias psicoeducativas resulta trascendental en el diseño de formación especializada para mejorar la intervención de quienes trabajan con adolescentes infractores. A través de un diseño cuasiexperimental pre y post, se evaluó el impacto de un proceso de formación en lascompetencias psicoeducativas de grupos de profesionales y técnicos. Utilizando el instrumento Test de Competencias Psicoeducativas, se observó que estas aumentan después de un proceso de formación especializado especialmente en técnicos, y preferentemente en la capacidad de planificación en ambos grupos. Se discuten los resultados en torno a las distincionesque se deben considerar en un programa de formación idóneo para cada grupo objetivo.

El proposito de este trabajo es presentar algunos aspectos relevantes de la formacion basada en competencias para la formacion de nivel profesional. Los paises latinoamericanos deben estar preparados para tal efecto, para ello los docentes de la region deben comprender los principios bajo los cuales se esta gestando este nuevo modelo centrado en competencias, rompiendo paradigmas y beneficiando con ello la construccion del propio conocimiento por parte del estudiante, que le permitira no solo resolver ejercicios tipo, sino tener competencias (conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y valores) para cualquier momento en el cual se tenga que enfrentar a la solucion de situaciones reales.

Resumen: La salvaguarda del derecho a la vida en familia, tal y como se recoge en los instru­mentos internacionales de Derechos humanos, inspiran las condiciones de ejercicio de la reagrupación familiar. En la tramitación de las autorizaciones de residencia por reagrupación familiar, los Estados miembros cuentan con dos mecanismos que permitirían limitar el acceso al territorio de los miembros de la familia: (1) mediante el establecimiento de condiciones materiales subjetivas y objetivas para la entrada en el territorio (problema típico de derecho de extranjería o migratorio); (2) mediante el control de la validez de los vínculos familiares preexistentes (problema típico del Derecho internacional pri­vado). El examen crítico de la interacción de ambos mecanismos y su análisis a la luz de la Directiva 2003/86/CE y de las normas españolas sobre reagrupación familiar (LO 4/2000 y RD 557/2011) es el objetivo de este trabajo.Palabras clave: reagrupación familiar, nacionales de terceros países, reconocimiento de los víncu­los familiares, límites materiales de las normas de extranjería, interacción de las normas de Derecho in­ternacional privado, Directiva 2003/86/CE, Derecho español de extranjería (LO 4/2000; RD 557/2011).Abstract: One of the fundamental issues to implement legal measures concerning family reunifica­tion in the European Member States is to protect the family unit and respect family life, safeguarded by many instruments of international law. Administratively, in accordance with the integration policies of Member States, two mechanisms can be applied to restrict the potential access of a family member to the new territory. One, through stand still and status quo clauses (typical matters concerning migration law). Two, in international family law, interactions with the complexities of private international law (PIL) are unavoidable, which can be decisive on entry and exiting decisions concerning family regrouping. This paper provides a critical evaluation of both matters in light of the Council Directive 2003/86/CE and the Spanish regulation for family reunification.Keywords: family reunion of third-country nationals, limits to recognize the existence of family ties, restrictive measures, stand still clause, status quo clause; interaction of private international law rules; Directive 2003/86/CE, Spanish Immigration Law.

En los cursos de cinética química de licenciatura, se estudia la rapidez de las reacciones químicas, así como los efectos de temperatura en la rapidez de reacción, a través de ejercicios que utilizan métodos matemáticos como integración de ecuaciones de rapidez y funciones que se ajustan mediante regresión lineal. Con estos ejercicios, los alumnos desarrollan el tratamiento matemático de los datos sin lograr aprendizajes significativos. Es por ello, que surge la necesidad de crear ejercicios como “verdaderos problemas”, que tengan que ver con su vida cotidiana, esto es, aplicar el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP). Se presenta el problema ¿Cuánto tiempo (en horas) se conserva la leche pasteurizada a temperatura ambiente?, a estudiantes de Fisicoquímica V (Cinética Química), de la carrera de Química de la FES Cuautitlán UNAM. A partir del cuestionamiento, surgieron una serie de preguntas, respuestas y acciones por parte de los estudiantes y del profesor. Con el modelo de primer orden, la ecuación de Arrhenius y el tratamiento matemático adecuado los estudiantes determinaron el número de horas en que se conserva la leche a temperatura ambiente. Los resultados mostraron que después de aplicar el ABP, los estudiantes comprendieron el efecto de la temperatura en la rapidez de la reacción. Esta estrategia, permitió estudiar el efecto de la temperatura en la rapidez de una reacción de una forma didáctica para lograr aprendizajes significativos, por lo que puede ser utilizado en los cursos de cinética química con el fin de incrementar el rendimiento académico.

En el presente trabajo, se describe a Tricholeiperia peruensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Molineidae) en base a 25 especímenes colectados del intestino de 5 murciélagos de la especie Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis de la localidad de Angostura, distrito Pampas de Hospital, departamento de Tumbes, Perú. La nueva especie se caracteriza por la morfología de la vesícula cefálica en forma de capuchón con escotaduras, por el tamaño y forma de las espículas cuyo extremo distal de la rama externa se divide en dos, de las cuales la rama interna sufre una nueva división; por la disposición de las costillas de la bolsa copulatríz donde, entre otros detalles, las antero y postero-ventrales están separadas y las externo-dorsales nacen cerca de la parte media del tronco dorsal y son gruesas., In the present work, Tricholeiperia peruensis. n sp. (Nematoda, Molineidae) is described on the basis of 25 collected specimens from 5 bat intestines of the Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis species from Angostura, district of Pampas de Hospital, department of Tumbes, Peru. The new species is characterized by the morphology of the cephalic vesicle in the form of hood with recesses, for the size and form of spikes whose distal end of the external branch is divided in 2 from which the internal branch undergoes a new division; by the disposition of the ribs of the copulatory apparatus where, among others details, the pre- and post ventral ribs are separated and the external-dorsal ribs begin near the half of the dorsal trunk and are heavy.

O método lattice Boltzmann (LBM) foi proposto na década de 1980, fundamentado num modelo de lattice gas com a discretização da equação de transporte de Boltzmann. Esse método tem sido utilizado para retratar o fluxo sanguíneo pela possibilidade de simular computacionalmente a dinâmica de fluidos regida pelas equações de Navier-Stokes, conseguindo representar desde geometrias complexas até fluxos turbulentos e multifásicos. Com a necessidade de criar bons modelos físicos e matemáticos para representar o sistema cardiovascular humano (HCVS) é preciso utilizar teorias que analisem as leis físicas que regem o fluxo sanguíneo através de veias ou artérias do corpo humano. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar todo o processo de construção de um modelo idealizado para representar o fluxo sanguíneo em artérias, considerando um fluído newtoniano, viscoso, em regime laminar e pulsátil. A pulsação é definida conforme disposto por Womersley em seu artigo publicado em 1955 e posteriormente reproduzido com a utilização de diversos métodos numéricos por outros autores. Uma aplicação representativa de um trecho da artéria femoral ilustra o procedimento e os resultados são comparados com a literatura médica. Julgou-se que o modelo proposto para o fluxo pulsátil de um escoamento sanguíneo idealizado gerou resultados satisfatórios sob o ponto de vista qualitativo.

Objetivo: Identificar marcadores de saúde do homem. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, exploratória com abordagem quantitativa realizada em um município de pequeno porte de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu de outubro a dezembro de 2013, utilizando-se 217 formulários estruturados com informações de homens. Resultados: 134 (62%) formulários foram preenchidos durante o atendimento na Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde e o restante no dia da chamada nutricional realizada pelo município; 58% dos homens apresentaram sobrepeso e obesidade e a prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus foi de 17,5% e 4,6%, respectivamente. As doenças cardiovasculares mostraram-se mais presentes entre os homens, e sua alimentação inclui um grande percentual de alimentos processados. Conclusão: Os marcadores de saúde identificados no homem apontam a necessidade de operacionalização de estratégias que fortaleçam a participação do público masculino nas ações de promoção da saúde. Objetivo: Identificar los marcadores de salud del hombre. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en un pequeño municipio de Minas Gerais. La coleta de datos se produjo desde octubre hasta diciembre de 2013, utilizando 217 formularios estructurados con informaciones de los hombres. Resultados: 134 (62%) formularios fueron llenados durante el atendimiento en la Unidad de Atención Primaria a la Salud, los demás, se completaron en el día de la convocatoria nutricional realizada por el municipio; 58% de los hombres estaban con sobrepeso y obesidad; la prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus fue de 17,5% y 4,6%, respectivamente. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares fueron predominantes entre los hombres y su dieta incluye un gran porcentaje de los alimentos procesados. Conclusión: Los marcadores de salud identificados en los hombres destacan la necesidad de operacionalización de estrategias que fortalezcan la participación del público masculino en acciones de promoción en salud. Objective: Identifying markers of men's health. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach, held in a small town in Minas Gerais. The data collection occurred from October to December 2013, using 217 structured forms with information from men. Results: 134 (62%) forms were filled during visit at the primary health care unit and the rest, on the day of the nutritional census performed in the city; 58% of men were overweight and obese and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 17.5% and 4.6% respectively. Cardiovascular diseases were greater among men and their diet includes a large percentage of processed foods. Conclusion: Health markers identified in man highlight the need for operationalization of strategies that strengthen the participation of the male audience on actions of health promotion.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um modelo físico-matemático computacional utilizando inteligência artificial para simulação e análise da movimentação de pedestres, em ambientes que podem gerar comportamentos desordenados devido a altos níveis de estresse. Aliando Inteligência Artificial, que inclui raciocínio probabilístico, aprendizagem de máquina e conceitos de robótica é possível simular o deslocamento de pedestres assumindo variáveis psicocomportamentais para que esses agentes possam distinguir situações virtuais impostas pelo ambiente e tomar decisões. Estudos de fluxo de pedestres foram empreendidos, em especial nas últimas três décadas. Entretanto, a existência de fatores psicocomportamentais transforma esse tipo de sistema em algo extremamente complexo. Se o organismo de um pedestre é submetido a situações desconfortáveis ou de impotência ocorre um aumento na ansiedade que gera estresse. Esse estresse produz uma cadeia de reações que podem variar de irritabilidade, desorientação e até pânico. Essa gama de variáveis pode alterar o fluxo pedonal de forma significativa e é justamente esse o maior problema quando se procura um modelo de movimentação de pedestres. A modelagem computacional é viabilizada utilizando-se linguagem de programação Python, por ser uma linguagem de alto nível, otimizada para o programador ou seja, de fácil implementação e aprendizado, possui vários ambientes integrados e é portável a todos os sistemas operacionais, além de ter módulos para processamento gráfico. O entendimento da movimentação de pedestres, tendo como foco principal seu comportamento, permite expandir a análise para ambientes mais complexos resultando em uma ferramenta de auxílio em situações com multidões em diferentes ambientes. Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se um modelo bidimensional com visualização tridimensional de um ambiente genérico, simulando-se agentes inteligentes desconfortáveis, representativas de comportamentos psicológicos humanos genéricos, capazes de identificar situações e tomar decisões. Comparações com trabalhos já constantes na literatura sobre fluxo de pedestres ilustram as discussões.

La Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de 8 de marzo de 2011 (C-34/09) asunto Ruiz Zambrano contra la l´Office National de l´Emploi (ONEM) de Belgica vuelve a poner de relieve una cuestion, ya debatida por la jurisprudencia y la doctrina, relativa al derecho de residencia de nacionales de un tercer Estado progenitores de menores nacionales de un Estado miembro. El enfoque adoptado en este asunto por el TJUE resulta novedoso en parte debido al propio planteamiento de las cuestiones prejudiciales y muy especialmente por los argumentos en torno al estatuto de ciudadano de la UE y a la nocion misma de ciudadania. La cuestion nuclear de la litis trata de dilucidar la incidencia de la nacionalidad comunitaria de unos menores, que no han ejercido su derecho de libre circulacion, sobre la situacion de residencia (irregular) de sus progenitores nacionales de un tercer pais. Si hasta ahora era cierta la premisa segun la cual “seria necesario cruzar la frontera” para ser beneficiario del Derecho comunitario, la sentencia Ruiz Zambrano viene a cuestionar este presupuesto al amparar una situacion “puramente interna” bajo el paraguas protector del estatuto de ciudadano y extender el ambito de aplicacion del derecho comunitario. Esta sentencia nos sugiere una revision de uno de los topicos preferidos por los academicos -la nocion de ciudadania- para, desde una perspectiva distinta, reflexionar acerca de la incidencia del estatuto de ciudadano de la Union en el ambito de aplicacion del Derecho comunitario.The ECJ judgement of 8 March 2011 (C-34/09), case Ruiz Zambrano sheds new light on a disputed question: the right to residence of nationals of third Countries who are parents of underaged nationals of a member State.The ECJ approach is innovative because it assesses whether the EU citizenship of underaged children is relevant for granting the residence of the parents (irregular according to domestic law) even if the minors did not exercise the right to free movement (as they did not cross any border). According to the Court the EU citizenship of the minors extends the scope of EU law to their non-European parents. P. Abarca Junco and M. Vargas Gomez-Urrutia analyze in this joint paper the implications of this judgement for the dogmatic evolution of EU law.

Tonsil Actisil FF, a commercial bentonitic clay, promotes the formation of a series of electrophilic-aromatic-substitution products from para-methoxybenzyl acetate in carbon disulfide. The molecules obtained correspond to linear isomeric dimers, trimers, tetramers and a pentamer, according to their spectroscopic data. A clear indication of the title mechanistic pathway for the oligomerization growth was obtained from the analysis of a set of computational-chemistry calculations using the density-functional-theory level B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). The corresponding conclusions were based on the computed dipole moments, the HOMO/LUMO distributions, and a natural-populations analysis of the studied molecules.

The general objective that this investigation had was to know the social representations that the underage boarders have in a closed institution of reeducation in Bogotá city, especially in the location stage. By the way, the methodology used was the discussion technique of the focal group and from the speech analysis it was set out the following categories of analysis: delinquency conceptualization, attribution of responsibility, legitimacy of criminal acts and future. The results that were analyzed according with those categories show that the social representations about delinquency are the result of its conceptualization from the consequences, assessment, origin, instrumentation and knowledge. The attribution of responsibility in delinquency focuses in itself in relationship with others in family, social life and the opportunities that society offers. The future prospect gets influenced in the levels: personal, institutional and social. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general conocer cuáles son las representaciones sociales que tienen las menores internas en una institución cerrada de reeducación en la ciudad de Bogotá, en la fase de ubicación. Como metodología se utilizó la técnica de discusión de grupo focal y a partir del análisis de discurso se plantearon las siguientes categorías: la conceptualización de la delincuencia, atribución de responsabilidad, legitimación de los actos delictivos y futuro. Los resultados analizados de acuerdo con dichas categorías muestran que las representaciones sociales sobre delincuencia reflejan que ésta se conceptualiza a partir de sus consecuencias, por su valoración, por su origen, por su instrumentación y por su conocimiento. La atribución de responsabilidad en la delincuencia se centra en sí misma, en relación con los demás, en la familia, en la sociedad y en la oportunidad que ésta brinda. La perspectiva de su futuro se ve influida en tres niveles: personal, institucional y social.

Orientadora : Profa. Dra. Liliana Madalena Gramani Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. Eloy Kaviski Dissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciencias Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática Aplicada. Defesa: Curitiba,01/02/2010 Bibliografia: fls. 129-130 Resumo: Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se o modelo contínuo de primeira ordem para o fluxo de tráfego de pedestres tendo como ponto de partida uma equação da continuidade que é fechada para dois casos distintos, a saber: (i) velocidade constante e (ii) velocidade linear, obtendo assim dois modelos hidrodinâmicos de primeira ordem. Os modelos foram resolvidos pelo método das diferenças finitas e depois os resultados foram comparados resolvendo-se o mesmo modelo pelo método das características e também foram feitas comparações com dados experimentais bibliográficos. As soluções encontradas para modelar o fluxo de tráfego de pedestres são importantes para que seja possível aproximar-se de um único e bom modelo que caracterize o fluxo de pedestres ou, pelo menos, que seja possível chegar a um número reduzido de modelos que caracterizem o tráfego de pedestres de forma apropriada para todas as situações que vão de uma simples caminhada a situações caóticas. Abstract: This study developed the model of continuous first order for the flow of pedestrian traffic and as a starting point an equation of continuity which is closed for two distinct cases, namely: (i) constant speed and (ii) linear velocity thus obtaining two hydrodynamic models of first order. The models were solved by finite difference method and then compared their results by solving the same model by the method of haracteristics and were also made comparisons with experimental data bibliographical. The solutions to model the flow of pedestrian traffic are important to be able to approach one single good model to characterize the flow of pedestrian or at least that we can reach a few models that characterize the pedestrian traffic as appropriate for all situations ranging from a simple walk to chaotic situations.

En septiembre 2006, en el Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape, departamento de Tumbes, Perú; 39 individuos de murciélagos, pertenecientes a 16 especies fueron capturados. El análisis parasitológico determino que solo dos individuos de las especies Phyllostomus hastatus (Phyllostomidae) y Noctilio leporinus (Noctilionidae) estaban parasitados. Los cestodos fueron colectados del intestino delgado e identificados como Atriotaenia hastati Vaucher, 1982 (Anoplocephalidae) y Vampirolepis sp. (Hymenolepididae). Atriotaenia hastati es un nuevo registro para el Perú y Vampirolepis sp. es registrado por primera vez en Tumbes y en un nuevo huésped, Noctilio leporinus., In September 2006, at Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape, department of Tumbes, Peru, 39 individuals of bats belonging to 16 species were captured. Parasitological analysis determined that only two individuals of the species Phyllostomus hastatus (Phyllostomidae) and Noctilio leporinus (Noctilionidae) were parasitized. The cestodes were collected from the small intestine and identified as Atriotaenia hastati Vaucher, 1982 (Anoplocephalidae) and Vampirolepis sp. (Hymenolepididae). Atriotaenia hastati is a new record for Peru and Vampirolepis sp. is registered for the first time in Tumbes and a new host, Noctilio leporinus.

Se describe la caracterización mediante técnicas espectroscópicas de una montmorillonita natural colectada en Cuencamé, Durango. La composición de las capas tetraédricas y octaédricas fue analizada por Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) de ángulo mágico para los núcleos de 29Si y 27Al. Las propiedades superficiales de la arcilla se cuantificaron utilizando técnicas de adsorción-desorción de nitrógeno y mediante la aplicación de los métodos de Brunahuer-Emmett-Teller (BET) y Barrett-Joyner- Halenda (BJH). Los resultados indican que la arcilla analizada es una montmorillonita sódica con una capa molecular de agua adsorbida entre sus láminas, cuyos átomos de Si en la estructura de filosilicato Q3 presentan diferente composición Si-nAl (n = 0, 1 y 2). El 3.3% de los átomos de Al correspondientes a la estructura se encuentran sustituyendo a los de Si en la capa. La presencia de los iones paramagnéticos Fe+3 y Mn+2 en la montmorillonita fue determinada por resonancia paramagnética electrónica (RPE), después de ser tratada con HCl y CF3SO3H. Adicionalmente, se discuten los resultados adquiridos por las técnicas de absorción atómica, microscopía de barrido electrónico, infrarrojo y análisis térmico gravimétrico

A montmorillonite clay from the State of Durango, Mexico, was used as catalyst. The clay was activated with trifluoromethane sulfonic acid and used to study the condensation of different acetophenones in refluxing benzene to produce triphenylbenzenes, #946;-methylchalcones and pyrylium salts. This catalytic procedure afforded a new simple one-step method for the synthesis of complex organic molecules through the C-C bonds formation and the counter ion for the pyrylium salt. A proposed mechanism of the isolated compounds is discussed as well as their identification by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with reported data, acquired from the previously synthesized derivatives by other synthetic methods.