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Abstract Background The mortality of metabolic-obesity phenotypes has been thoroughly studied, but it is not known if or how the association between mortality and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference or a body shape index (ABSI) differ in strata of cardiometabolic health status. Methods We linked data on 12,815 men and women aged 36–79 years from the SAMINOR 1 Survey with mortality data from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. We defined metabolically healthy and unhealthy as having zero and ≥ 1, respectively, of the following: MetS, pre-existing diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD), or prescribed drugs for high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia or dyslipidaemia. We defined general and abdominal obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 88 cm (women) or 102 cm (men), respectively, and cross-classified these categories with metabolic status to create metabolically healthy non-obese and obese (MHNO and MHO) and metabolically unhealthy non-obese and obese (MUNO and MUO) phenotypes. We used Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause and CVD mortality for 1) the four phenotypes and 2) BMI, waist circumference and ABSI fitted with restricted cubic splines. We adjusted for age and lifestyle, and tested for interactions with sex and metabolic status (only continuous measures). Results The MHO phenotype was present in 7.8% of women and 5.8% of men. During a median follow-up of 15.3/15.2 years, 596/938 women/men had died, respectively. The MUNO and MUO groups had higher mortality than the MHNO group. Sex and phenotypes interacted with respect to CVD mortality: relative to the MHNO group, the MHO group had an adjusted HR (95% confidence interval) for CVD mortality of 1.05 (0.38–2.88) in women and 2.92 (1.71–5.01) in men. We found curvilinear associations between BMI/waist circumference and all-cause mortality irrespective of metabolic status. Corresponding relationships with CVD mortality were linear and the slope differed by sex and metabolic status. ABSI was linearly and positively associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in men. Conclusion The relationships between BMI, waist circumference or ABSI and mortality differed by sex, metabolic status and cause of death. Poor metabolic health substantially increases mortality regardless of obesity status.

Background: Obesity, especially visceral obesity, seems to be one of the most decisive risk factors for chronic kidney disease. A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is an emerging body size measurement marker of visceral obesity. This study aimed to explore whether ABSI is associated with albuminuria in Chinese community adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 40,726 participants aged 40 or older from seven provinces across China through a cluster random sampling method. ABSI was calculated by body mass index, waist circumference, and height. Increased albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) = 30 mg/g, indicating kidney injury. For ABSI, we divided it by quartile cutoff points and tried to determine the association between ABSI levels and UACR by multiple regression analysis. DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) was plotted using literature and expert consensus to identify potential confounding factors. Results: The average age of subjects with elevated UACR was 61.43 ± 10.07, and 26% were men. The average age of subjects with normal UACR was 57.70 ± 9.02, and 30.5% were men. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted and demonstrated that the ABSI quartiles were related to elevated UACR positively (OR [95% CI] Q2 vs. Q1: 1.094 [1.004, 1.197]; OR [95% CI] Q3 vs. Q1: 1.126 [1.030, 1.231]; OR [95% CI] Q4 vs. Q1: 1.183 [1.080, 1.295], p for trend < 0.001) after adjustments for confounding factors. The stratified analysis further showed that with the mounting for ABSI levels, elevated UACR more easily occurred in the people characterized by the elderly, men, and hypertension. Conclusions: In Chinese community adults, people with higher ABSI levels can be deemed as high-risk individuals with UACR elevation, and it will be beneficial for them to lose weight and significantly reduce visceral fat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose Etiology could not be determined in approximately 50% of recurrent pregnancy loss cases, and it was named unexpected recurrent pregnancy loss(URPL). A body shape index(ABSI), body roundness index(BRI), and waist‐to‐hip ratio(WtHR) are new indexes that are superior to BMI in showing body fat distribution. We aimed to investigate the potency of ABSI, BRI, and WtHR in URPL, their superiority to BMI, and their suitability for clinical use. Methods One hundred and thirty‐eight patients between the ages of 20‐40 who applied to our hospital for URPL between January 2016 and December 31, 2020 were included in our study. Weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and indexes were calculated. Differences between the URPL and control groups were calculated using the IBM SPSS program. Results There was a significant difference between the two groups for BRI, ABSI, and WtHR values, while there was no significant difference in BMI. BRI(4.4 ± 1.7vs3.9 ± 1.5), ABSI(0.08 ± 0.005 vs 0.078 ± 0.004), and WtHR(0.84 ± 0.06vs0.82 ± 0.05) values were higher in the URPL group. ROC analysis showed us that BRI, ABSI, and WtHR have a diagnostic value for URPL(P

AimThis observational study aimed to examine the association between the A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and/or sarcopenia and total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.MethodsThe associations of sarcopenia and ABSI with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality were assessed in 4,488 participants from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who were followed up until December 31, 2015. Models were analyzed separately for men and women and adjusted for age, race, and other confounding factors. ABSI was assessed as a continuous measurement by quartile for men and women. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to assess mortality caused by sarcopenia and/or ABSI in the study population.ResultsWhen ABSI was assessed as a continuous variable, the ABSI quartile showed a linear trend for total (p = 0.0001), cardiovascular (p = 0.04), and cancer (p = 0.02) mortality in men and for total (p = 0.06) and cardiovascular (p = 0.06) mortality in women. The hazard ratios (HRs) of the fourth ABSI quartile were 1.51 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–1.89] in men and 1.23 (95% CI: 0.93–1.64) in women, compared with those in the first quartile. When ABSI was assessed by quartile, the appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI) was lower in the groups with high ABSI. When high ABSI was combined with sarcopenia, the HRs of all-cause mortality were 2.05 (95% CI: 1.60–2.62) in men and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.19–1.92) in women. In the subpopulation (sarcopenia group or higher ABSI), the PAFs of mortality due to sarcopenia were 26.16% (95% CI: 12.68–37.56) in men and 21.89% (95% CI: 5.64–35.35) in women, and the PAF of mortality due to higher ABSI was 23.70% (95% CI: 12.11–33.77) in men.ConclusionThe ABSI value was significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and the co-existence of higher ABSI values and sarcopenia can contribute to a more significant death risk in comparison with high ABSI values or sarcopenia. Moreover, the ABSI values in combination with the ASMI can be used to preliminarily evaluate the content and distribution of fat and muscle and to predict the risk of death in obese and sarcopenic populations.

This study investigated the effectiveness of maternal Body Roundness Index (BRI), Body Shape Index (ASBI), and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) in predicting foetal macrosomia and small for gestational age (SFGA) babies in obese and non-obese pregnant women. This prospective trial included 168 pregnant women (99 obese and 69 non-obese). A logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors of foetal macrosomia and SFGA. BRI, waist/hip ratio, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were found to be significantly associated with increased macrosomia risk in obese women (OR = 1.469, % CI: 1.126–1.917, p =.005; OR = 4.289, % CI: 0.178–1.030, p =.012, OR = 6.277, %Cl: 1.233–31.948, p =.027, and OR = 1.393, %Cl: 1.060–1.832, p =.017). The present study indicates that first-trimester BRI and waist/hip ratio may be powerful determinants in predicting foetal macrosomia in obese pregnant women. What is already known on this subject? Obesity is a major risk factor for maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. The rate of obesity continues to increase rapidly around the world. The accuracy of ultrasound in estimated foetal weight is reduced in obese pregnant women. The Body Roundness Index (BRI) is a new anthropometric index that shows body fat distribution. What do the results of this study add? Our results show that the BRI was an independent risk factor associated with foetal macrosomia in obese pregnant women. What are the implications of these findings for future clinical practice and/or further research? BRI measurements should be taken before pregnancy to help predict shoulder dystocia, GDM, FGR and foetal macrosomia in obese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Abdominal obesity as a risk factor for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (MetS) is evaluated using waist circumference (WC), although WC does not necessarily reflect visceral adiposity. This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify whether replacing WC with "A Body Shape Index (ABSI)," an abdominal obesity index, in MetS diagnosis detects individuals with arterial stiffening assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 46,872 Japanese urban residents (median age 40 years) who underwent health screening. Exclusion criteria were current treatments and a past history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Japanese, International Diabetes Federation, and NCEP-ATPIII criteria were used to diagnose MetS. High CAVI was defined as CAVI ≥9.0. Results: CAVI correlated positively with ABSI (β = 0.127), but negatively with WC (β = −0.186), independent of age, sex, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and high-density lipoprotein--cholesterol. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that ABSI had a stronger contribution to high CAVI (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.730) than WC (AUC = 0.595) and body mass index (AUC = 0.520). ABSI ≥0.080 was defined as abdominal obesity based on the results of ROC analysis for high CAVI and estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Logistic regression analysis revealed that replacing high WC with ABSI ≥0.080 in MetS diagnosis enhanced the detection of subjects with high CAVI. Discussion/Conclusion: Use of ABSI can detect subjects with arterial stiffening, which may lead to efficient stratification of CVD risk. Further studies are needed to confirm whether MetS diagnosis using ABSI predicts CVD morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundDespite the large evidence on the association between obesity and psychological disorders, studies investigating new anthropometric indices in relation to mental health are limited. We aimed to explore the association between A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) and common psychological disorders (anxiety, depression, and psychological distress) among Iranian adults.MethodsIn this cross-sectional investigation, anthropometric measures of 3213 Iranian adults were gathered using a validated self-reported questionnaire. ABSI and BRI values of participants were calculated through pre-defined formulas. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) validated for Iranians were used to assess psychological distress, anxiety, and depression.ResultsMean age of participants was 36.6 ± 7.73, and 62.8% of them were women. ABSI and BRI were higher in subjects with anxiety and psychological distress. Also, depressed participants had higher BRI. After considering potential confounders, individuals in the last tertile of ABSI, compared to the first tertile, had higher odds of anxiety (OR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.93) and psychological distress (OR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.79). Also, a marginal association was found between the highest category of ABSI and depression (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.61). In the sex-stratified analysis, ABSI was positively related to odds of anxiety (OR: 1.58; 95%CI; 1.12, 2.22), depression (OR: 1.40; 95%CI; 1.07, 1.84), and psychological distress (OR: 1.51; 95%CI; 1.13, 2.01) among women, but not men. We failed to find any significant association between BRI and depression, anxiety and psychological distress.ConclusionWe found that ABSI was associated with anxiety, depression and psychological distress among females, but not males. However, we did not find a significant relation between BRI and the outcomes. Further prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship of a new anthropometric index with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients among the Han Chinese.Methods: The study is a community-based cross-sectional study that included 4639 patients with hypertension and integrated clinical and echocardiographic data. Left ventricular (LV) mass was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. LVH was diagnosed by using the criteria of left ventricular mass indexed (LVMI) over 49.2 g/m2.7 for men and 46.7 g/m2.7 for women. Quartiles of a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) were used regarding LVH prevalence. The logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the new anthropometric index and LVH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the obesity indices for LVH risk.Results: The prevalence of LVH increased across quartiles for ABSI, BRI, BMI, and WC. Comparing the lowest with the highest quartile, adjusted OR (95% CI) for LVH were significantly different for BRI 3.86 (3.12-4.77), BMI 3.54 (2.90-4.31), and WC 2.29 (1.88-2.78). No association was observed for ABSI. According to ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of BRI was (AUC: 0.653, 95% CI 0.637-0.669), BMI (AUC: 0.628, 95% CI 0.612-0.644), WC (AUC: 0.576, 95% CI 0.559-0.593), ABSI (AUC: 0.499, 95% CI 0.482-0.516).Conclusions: This study shows that LVH prevalence increased per quartile across the Han Chinese population with hypertension for ABSI, BRI, BMI, and WC. There is a significant association between BRI and LVH in hypertensive people, while ABSI was not. BRI showed potential for use as an alternative obesity measure in the assessment of LVH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is common in asthma. Depression is thought to be one of the risk factors that increase obesi ty. It is known that depression has an effect on poor asthma control. Body Mass Index (BMI) is mostly used to define obesity. In recent years, however, the 'A Body Shape Index' (ABSI) based on waist circumference (WC) measurement has been developed and the higher ABSI corresponds to a more central body volume concentration. Our aim was to examine the effect of obesity and depression on asthma control in a way that questions the usability of ABSI, which is new in abdominal obesity measurement. A total of 99 asthmatic patients aged between 18-80 years who were followed up in Chest Diseases outpatient clinics were included in the study. Demographic and medical history of the patients were recorded. Waist circumference/BMI2/3 X Length(m) 2/3 was calculated for ABSI measurement. Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and Asthma Control Test (ACT) were applied. Pulmonary Function Test was applied to all patients by the same trained person. Obese and morbidly obese patients had poor asthma control. We found that the presence of depression caused poor asthma control in all BMI groups. The poorly controlled asthma group and the obese and morbidly obese patients had higher depression scores. BMI and waist circumference were higher in the poorly controlled asthma group (p=0.002, 0.033 respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the asthma groups in terms of ABSI (p=0.529). The findings of this study indicate that depressive symptoms, increased BMI and WC were significantly associated with poor asthma control. But ABSI is no superior to BMI in detecting asthma control and depressive mood. However, we should prompt our patients to treatment and exercise, especially for abdominal obesity. We should recommend that asthma patients with depression consult a psychiatrist. In this way, we can control our asthma patients more effectively by minimizing the existing risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kamran Baveicy,1 Shayan Mostafaei,2,3 Mitra Darbandi,4 Behrooz Hamzeh,4,5 Farid Najafi,4,6 Yahya Pasdar4,5 1Student Research Committee, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 2Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 3Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 5Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 6Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranCorrespondence: Yahya Pasdar Tel +98 83 38262005Fax +98 83 38263048Email yahya.pasdar@kums.ac.irBackground: The use of anthropometric indices is one of the new and low-cost diagnostic methods of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study aimed to determine optimal cutoff points for the visceral adiposity index (VAI), body roundness index (BRI), and a body shape index (ABSI) in the prediction of MetS.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 10,000 individuals aged from 35 to 65 years, recruited in Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study, in the west region of Iran, in 2019. MetS was defined according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess predictive anthropometric indices and determine optimal cutoff values.Results: The optimal cutoff points for VAI were 4.11 (AUC: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.81– 0.84) in men and 4.28 (AUC: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.85– 0.87) in women to prediction of MetS. The optimal cutoff points for BRI were 4.75 (AUC: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.74– 0.77) in men and 6.17 (AUC: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.61– 0.64) in women to prediction of MetS. The optimal cutoff points for ABSI were 0.12 (AUC: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.47– 0.51) in men and 0.13 (AUC: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.47– 0.51) in women to prediction of MetS. The risk of MetS in men and women with a VAI higher than the optimal cutoff point was, respectively, 9.82 and 11.44 times higher than that in those with a VAI lower than the cutoff point.Conclusion: Although VAI might not be very cost-beneficial compared to IDF, our study showed VAI is a better predictor of MetS than BRI in adults. ABSI was not a suitable predictor for MetS.Keywords: metabolic syndrome, body shape index, body roundness index, visceral adiposity index, ROC curve analysis

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy in males and obesity may play a role in its development and progression. Associations between visceral obesity measured by a body shape index (ABSI) and PCa mortality have not been thoroughly investigated. This study assessed the associations between ABSI, body mass index (BMI), and long-term PCa-specific mortality using a nationally representative US database., Methods: This population-based longitudinal study collected data of males aged ≥40 years diagnosed with PCa and who underwent surgery and/or radiation from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database 2001-2010. All included participants were followed through the end of 2019 using the National Center for Health Statistics Linked Mortality File. Associations between PCa-specific mortality, BMI, and ABSI were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis., Results: Data of 294 men (representing 1,393,857 US nationals) were analyzed. After adjusting for confounders, no significant associations were found between BMI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.16, p = 0.222), continuous ABSI (aHR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.83-2.02, p = 0.253), or ABSI in category (Q4 vs. Q1-Q3: aHR = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.72-3.24, p = 0.265), and greater risk of PCa-specific mortality. However, among participants who had been diagnosed within 4 years, the highest ABSI quartile but not in BMI was significantly associated with greater risk for PCa-specific mortality (Q4 vs. Q1-Q3: aHR = 5.34, 95% CI: 2.26-12.62, p = 0.001). In ROC analysis for this subgroup, the area under the curve of ABSI alone for predicting PCa-specific mortality was 0.638 (95% CI: 0.448-0.828), reaching 0.729 (95% CI: 0.490-0.968 when combined with other covariates., Conclusions: In US males with PCa diagnosed within 4 years, high ABSI but not BMI is independently associated with increased PCa-specific mortality., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: The mortality of metabolic-obesity phenotypes has been thoroughly studied, but it is not known if or how the association between mortality and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference or a body shape index (ABSI) differ in strata of cardiometabolic health status.Methods: We linked data on 12,815 men and women aged 36-79 years from the SAMINOR 1 Survey with mortality data from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. We defined metabolically healthy and unhealthy as having zero and ≥ 1, respectively, of the following: MetS, pre-existing diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD), or prescribed drugs for high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia or dyslipidaemia. We defined general and abdominal obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 88 cm (women) or 102 cm (men), respectively, and cross-classified these categories with metabolic status to create metabolically healthy non-obese and obese (MHNO and MHO) and metabolically unhealthy non-obese and obese (MUNO and MUO) phenotypes. We used Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause and CVD mortality for 1) the four phenotypes and 2) BMI, waist circumference and ABSI fitted with restricted cubic splines. We adjusted for age and lifestyle, and tested for interactions with sex and metabolic status (only continuous measures).Results: The MHO phenotype was present in 7.8% of women and 5.8% of men. During a median follow-up of 15.3/15.2 years, 596/938 women/men had died, respectively. The MUNO and MUO groups had higher mortality than the MHNO group. Sex and phenotypes interacted with respect to CVD mortality: relative to the MHNO group, the MHO group had an adjusted HR (95% confidence interval) for CVD mortality of 1.05 (0.38-2.88) in women and 2.92 (1.71-5.01) in men. We found curvilinear associations between BMI/waist circumference and all-cause mortality irrespective of metabolic status. Corresponding relationships with CVD mortality were linear and the slope differed by sex and metabolic status. ABSI was linearly and positively associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in men.Conclusion: The relationships between BMI, waist circumference or ABSI and mortality differed by sex, metabolic status and cause of death. Poor metabolic health substantially increases mortality regardless of obesity status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our aim in this study was to investigate if Hip index (HI) improves the identification of cardiovascular risk (CVR) beyond that achieved with either the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) or body mass index (BMI)-adjusted waist circumference (A body shape index [ABSI]) in the Spanish Caucasian population. Methods: Three thousand eight hundred forty-four subjects (1754 males, response rate 75.8%) were included. Anthropometric indices (AIs) included were HI, ABSI, and WHtR. CVR was estimated using the Framingham, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) charts. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were obtained to evaluate the performance of AIs in detecting CVR. We also estimated the AIs' standardized Z-scores and compared them against the CVR. Results: AUC demonstrated that the best AI in males to estimate higher CVR according to Framingham and ACC/AHA charts was WHtR. In females, WHtR also achieved good performance and showed higher prediction capacity than the other AIs. After transforming to Z-scores, ABSI was the best linear predictor for CVR according to SCORE and ACC/AHA, although WHtR also proved to be good. HI did not associate with the measures of CVR. Conclusions: HI does not predict high CVR in the Spanish Caucasian Population. However, ABSI is directly and linearly related to high CVR, with a higher performance than WHtR when standardized and evaluated as a linear predictor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Etiology could not be determined in approximately 50% of recurrent pregnancy loss cases, and it was named unexpected recurrent pregnancy loss(URPL). A body shape index(ABSI), body roundness index(BRI), and waist‐to‐hip ratio(WtHR) are new indexes that are superior to BMI in showing body fat distribution. We aimed to investigate the potency of ABSI, BRI, and WtHR in URPL, their superiority to BMI, and their suitability for clinical use. Methods: One hundred and thirty‐eight patients between the ages of 20‐40 who applied to our hospital for URPL between January 2016 and December 31, 2020 were included in our study. Weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and indexes were calculated. Differences between the URPL and control groups were calculated using the IBM SPSS program. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups for BRI, ABSI, and WtHR values, while there was no significant difference in BMI. BRI(4.4 ± 1.7vs3.9 ± 1.5), ABSI(0.08 ± 0.005 vs 0.078 ± 0.004), and WtHR(0.84 ± 0.06vs0.82 ± 0.05) values were higher in the URPL group. ROC analysis showed us that BRI, ABSI, and WtHR have a diagnostic value for URPL(P <.05). When indexes were above the cutoff values, RPL risk increased 3.59 times in ABSI, 2.26 times in BRI, and 2.9 times in WtHR(P <.05). Conclusions: The relationship between obesity and URPL can be explained more clearly by using effective indexes that show body fat distribution rather than BMI. Ethics committee approval was obtained from Erzincan Binali Yildirim University in 14.01.2021. Clinical Research Ethics Committee no: 01/01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context From previous studies, decreased thermogenesis and metabolic rate in the patients with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism lead to an increase in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) incidence, and which was associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we want to explore the relationship between various forms of VAT [pericardial (PCF), and thoracic periaortic adipose tissue (TAT)] and obesity indices [body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI)] with subclinical hypothyroidism by gender. Objective This study aims to evaluate region-specific cardiovascular (CV) fat tissue (pericardial fat [PCF] and thoracic periaortic fat [TAT) and noninvasive visceral adipose indices (a body shape index [ABSI], body roundness index [BRI]), and Chinese visceral adiposity index [CVAI]) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) as compared to a control population and relative to variations in CV risk. Methods A total of 125 Taiwanese patients recently diagnosed with SCH (age: 52.9 ± 10.16 years, 41.6% female) and 1519 healthy volunteers (age: 49.54 ± 9.77 years, 29.0% female) were evaluated for this study. All participants underwent PCF and TAT assessment using a multidetector computed tomography scanner, ABSI, BRI, and CVAI evaluation using a mathematical formula. CV risk was classified by Framingham risk score (FRS). Results Multivariable logistic regression models showed that the independent association of TAT and BRI with SCH were stronger in women than men. The adjusted model associations (odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI) with SCH for TAT and BRI in women were 2.61 (95% CI, 1.03-6.97) and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.07-3.92). The incidences of TAT and BRI third tertile were also higher in women with SCH (SCH vs euthyroid, TAT third tertile, 9 [17.3%] vs 35 [7.9%], P  = .04; BRI third tertile, 22 [42.3%] vs 111 [25.2%], P  = .01). In addition to BRI and TAT, there were higher risks of CVAI in SCH with intermediate/high FRS, especially in women (OR; 95% CI, TAT: 4.01; 95% CI, 1.01-6.640; BRI: 6.91; 95% CI, 1.03-10.23; CVAI: 7.81 95% CI, 1.01-12.03). Conclusion Our findings show that patients with SCH have significantly greater TAT, BRI, and CVAI values than control groups, especially in women (with different FRS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Overweight and obesity are assessed clinically using the body mass index (BMI), but the index is criticized as a crude measure of relative fat-muscle composition. The recently introduced a body shape index (ABSI) is an independent and more accurate predictor of mortality than other anthropometric measures. Aims: Describe ABSI in relation to other clinical and cardiometabolic risk factors in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional, armed forces diabetes clinic. Materials and Methods: Demographic and clinical data were obtained from randomly sampled patients with type 2 diabetes. Statistical Analysis: The t test, analysis of variance, or Chi-square test as appropriate, and contingency table analysis. Results: The 120 patients with type 2 diabetes (60 males, 60 females) had a mean (SD) age of 52.5 (9.3) years and BMI of 31.8 (5.5). Comparisons of ABSI and ABSI mortality risk categories with clinical and cardiovascular risk factors were statistically nonsignificant. Patients with below-average BMI (z < 0) (n = 33) were more likely to have above-average ABSI (z > 0) (27.5%) than a below-average ABSI z score (17.5%). Conclusion: These data provide a baseline assessment useful in further studies using larger datasets to confirm whether the ABSI can prove to be clinically useful and serve as a better predictor of mortality risk in the Saudi population. These local data should be of interest to the primary care practitioner who may be thinking of applying these new measures in their primary care practice.

Background: The associations of body fat parameters with arterial stiffness measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients were scarce., Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 4322 hypertensive adults. The correlations between the anthropometric indexes (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist-tohip ratio [WHR], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR], a body shape index [ABSI], body round index [BRI]) and ba-PWV values were analyzed using multivariable linear regression model., Results: In both sex categories, linear regression models showed that BMI levels were inversely related to baPWV (adjusted- β per SD increase in male: -0.51, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.36, P < 0.001; female: -0.50, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.37, P < 0.001). Waist circumference positively correlated with baPWV only in male hypertensive individuals. BaPWV positively correlated to WHR or WHtR levels (adjusted- β per SD increase: 0.32, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.43, P < 0.001; 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.82, P < 0.001; respectively), ABSI (adjusted- β per SD increase for ABSI × 100: 0.27, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.36, P < 0.001) and BRI (adjusted- β per SD increase: 0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.81, P < 0.001) levels. The relationship between anthropometric indices and arterial stiffness based on baPWV values were also consistent. ABSI had the highest predictive power of arterial stiffness (area under the curve, 0.594; P < 0.001)., Conclusion: In Chinese adults with hypertension, BMI was inversely related to baPWV, while WHR, WHtR, ABSI and BRI were positively related. Waist circumference positively correlated with baPWV only in male hypertensive individuals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Objective: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as measures of obesity have some limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether one measure could predict the presence of diastolic dysfunction (DD) more accurately than the other measures. Methods: A total of 91 obese patients without any other risk factors for DD were prospectively enrolled. Echocardiographic examination was performed. DD was defined and categorized according to recent guidelines. The study participants were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of DD. Weight, height, and WC were measured; BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated; and a body shape index (ABSI) was calculated as WC/(BMI2/3height1/2). The associations between ABSI, BMI, WHR, and WC and the presence of DD were examined using logistic regression analyses. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the differences. Results: WC and BMI were significantly greater in subjects with DD (p=0.049 and 0.051, respectively). A greater BMI, WC, and WHR increased the risk of the presence of DD (BMIDD: odds ratio [OR]=1.096, p=0.024; WC-DD: OR=1.059, p=0.007; WHR-DD: OR=2.363, p=0.007). After adjustment for age and sex, only BMI continued to be significantly associated with DD (p=0.031). ABSI was not associated with DD. Conclusion: After adjustment for age and sex, BMI was the only predictor of DD in obesity. Despite its limitations, BMI may still be a potentially more accurate measure of DD compared with other obesity measures.

Abstract Background Obesity is known to be related to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The most commonly used anthropometric indicator (body mass index [BMI]) presents several limitations such as the lack of possibility to distinguish adipose tissue distribution. Thus, this study examines the suitability of a body shape index (ABSI) for prediction of body composition and sarcopenic obesity in obese or overweight T2D subjects. Methods Cross-sectional study in 199 overweight/obese T2D adults. Anthropometric (BMI, ABSI) and body composition (fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM], fat mass index [FMI] and fat-free mass index, and the ratio FM/FFM as an index of sarcopenic obesity) data was collected, as well as metabolic parameters (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], mean blood glucose, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL], low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides [TG] levels; the ratio TG/HDL was also calculated as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance). Results ABSI was significantly associated with age and waist circumference. It showed a statistically significant correlation with BMI exclusively in women. Regarding body composition, in men, ABSI was associated with FM (%), while in women it was associated with both FM and FFM. Both males and females groups with high ABSI scores were significantly older (men: 59.3 ± 10.8 vs 54.6 ± 10.1, p ≤ 0.05; women: 65.1 ± 9.8 vs 58.1 ± 13.3, p ≤ 0.005) and showed lower FFM values (men: 62.3 ± 9.0 vs 66.2 ± 9.3, p ≤ 0.05; women: 48.7 ± 5.6 vs 54.5 ± 8.9, p ≤ 0.001) compared with low-ABSI groups. Multiple linear regression revealed that ABSI independently predict FMI and the FM/FFM ratio in women. Sarcopenic obesity was identified in 70 (36.5%) individuals according to the FM/FFM ratio. The AUROC of ABSI was 63.1% (95% CI 54.6–71.6%; p = 0.003) and an ABSI value of 0.083 m11/6 kg−2/3 was the optimal threshold in discriminating patients with sarcopenic obesity (sensitivity: 48%, specificity: 73%). Moreover, a significant association between ABSI and FPG was found in men. Conclusions ABSI could be useful to identify visceral and sarcopenic obesity in overweight/obese adults with T2D, adding some relevant clinical information to traditional anthropometric measures.

Background: Central obesity has been established to be linked with increased cardiometabolic health risks. Waist circumference (WC), conicity index (CI), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) are anthropometric proxy for central obesity. Maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) provides an estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness of an individual. Decrease in V̇O2maxhas also been established to be associated with increased health risk. Aim: The aim of the study was to find out correlation between central obesity parameters and V̇O2max. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 154 young adults (male = 90 and female = 64) who were in daily exercise. WC, height, and weight were measured to calculate CI and ABSI according to formulae. V̇O2maxwas estimated by submaximal exercise test – 1.5 mile run test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to find out correlation between central obesity parameters and V̇O2max. Results: Mean age of male and female was 21.89 ± 3.65 years and 21.06 ± 2.92 years, respectively. Correlation coefficient between WC and V̇O2maxwas r = −0.61 (P < 0.001), ABSI and V̇O2maxwas r = −0.46 (P < 0.001), and CI and V̇O2maxwas r = −0.59 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Central obesity anthropometric parameters were negatively associated with V̇O2max. WC showed higher negative correlation with V̇O2maxthan CI and ABSI. Hence, CI and ABSI are not better predictor variable in comparison with simple WC for V̇O2max. Further studies are needed to explore this association for general population.

Anthropometric indices have been used as indicators for predicting hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescents but it is not clear which anthropometric measures are a better index for identifying elevated blood pressure (EBP) risk factors in pediatric population. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), weight-height ratio (WHR), a body shape index (ABSI) and blood pressure were measured in 14 008 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in a national school-aged survey CASPIN V. Hypertension (HTN) was defined according to the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, using the 95th percentile. The predictive power of anthropometric indices for HTN risk factors was examined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compare areas under ROC curves (AUCs) among the four anthropometric indices. BMI, WC, WHR, and ABSI were significantly higher in adolescents than in children. EBP was more prevalent in boys (7.2%) than girls (5.5%), whereas the prevalence of HTN was higher in girls (11.3%) than boys 10.4%. Prevalence odds ratio was around 2 for BMI, WC, and WHR with AUCs scores of nearly 0.6 to predict EBP in both children and adolescents of both sexes. Thus, the ability of BMI z-score, WC, WHR or ASBI to identify Iranian children and adolescents at higher risk of EBP was week. WC, WHR or ASBI in combination with BMI did not improve predictive power to identify subjects at higher risk of EBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity and arterial stiffness are both independently associated with cardiovascular risk. New anthropometric indices can better reflect abdominal obesity than traditional anthropometric indices. Thus, we hypothesized that compared with conventional parameters, these newly developed anthropometric parameters were more accurate to identify arterial stiffness among overweight and obesity population. Cross-sectional data on socio-demographic, lifestyle, clinical characteristics and biochemical measurements were collected for 1442 Chinese obese and overweight adults. Six anthropometric indices including a body shape index (ABSI), body mass index (BMI), ABSI combined with BMI, body roundness index (BRI), waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) was detected in all subjects. Meanwhile, visceral fat area (VFA) was quantificationally measured by CT. Partial Spearman correlation coefficients were used to clarify the association between anthropometric measures with cf-PWV. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify to the association between anthropometric measures and arterial stiffness. After adjusting for covariates, BRI had the strongest correlation with cf-PWV and VFA in all anthropometric indices. Multivariate regression analysis showed VFA (β = 0.322, p < 0.001) and BRI (β = 0.307, p < 0.001) remained independently associated with cf-PWV. BRI had a highest odds ratios in all anthropometric indices (OR = 1.543, p < 0.001). ABSI only displayed a weak correlation with arterial stiffness. Meanwhile, BRI had the highest area under curve for abnormal cf-PWV, and the optimum cutoff value was a BRI ≥5.4. BRI was found to have a close relationship with arterial stiffness in overweight and obesity people. However, ABSI was weakly correlated with arterial stiffness, but not better than traditional anthropometric indices. • Obesity and arterial stiffness are both independently cardiovascular risk. • BRI was found to have a close relationship with arterial stiffness. • ABSI was weakly correlated with arterial stiffness, and was not better than traditional anthropometric indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/hypothesis: This prospective association study aimed to compare the relationship between each of four obesity indices and mortality risk in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The associations of BMI, waist circumference, WHR and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) with all-cause mortality were analysed in 1282 participants of the Fremantle Diabetes Study, followed for up to 20 years after baseline assessment. Models were adjusted for age and other confounders; assessments as continuous measures and by quintile were carried out for men and women separately. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to minimise reverse causality. Results: When indices were assessed as continuous variables, there were significant bivariate associations with mortality for: ABSI, which was greater in both men and women who died (p < 0.001); WHR, which was greater in women only (p = 0.033); and BMI, which was lower in women only (p < 0.001). When assessed by quintile, there were significant bivariate associations with mortality for ABSI in men and women (p < 0.001) and BMI in women only (p = 0.002). In Cox models of time to death, adjusted for age, diabetes duration, ethnicity and smoking, ABSI quintiles showed a linear trend for both men (p = 0.003) and women (p = 0.035). Men in the fifth ABSI quintile had an increased mortality risk compared with those in the first quintile (HR [95% CI]: 1.74 [1.24, 2.44]) and women in the fifth ABSI quintile had an increased mortality risk that approached statistical significance (1.42 [0.97, 2.08], p = 0.08). Men in the fifth WHR quintile had an increased mortality risk (1.47 [1.05, 2.06]). There was no association between mortality and BMI or waist circumference in either sex. Conclusions/interpretation: ABSI was the obesity index most strongly associated with all-cause mortality in Australians with type 2 diabetes. There was no evidence for an obesity paradox with any of the assessed indices. ABSI may be a better index of central obesity than waist circumference, BMI or WHR when assessing mortality risk in type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The estimation of fat mass with indirect techniques is beneficial in daily clinical practice. This study aimed to compare new and old body shape indices using bioimpedance analysis for the assessment of body fat mass in obese and morbid obese Turkish females. Material and Methods: Four hundred thirty-eight obese and morbid obese females were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements of the study participants were completed using standard techniques. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), a body shape index, waist to hip ratio and body roundness index (BRI) were calculated. The body fat ratio was evaluated using TANITA-48M. Results: All the anthropometric indices except waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and ABSI correlated with body fat (%). BMI and BAI were the best predictors of body fat ratio derived from bioimpedance analysis for all participants. Only for obese females, BAI alone as well as BAI and BMI together were the best predictive methods of body fat (%). In the morbid obese group, BAI alone proved to be the best predictive method for body fat (%) estimation. Conclusion: In clinical practice, the determination of body fat ratio with indirect techniques may help physicians estimate the risk of diseases in obese and morbid obese patients. BAI can help estimate body fat ratio easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Besides body mass index (BMI), new parameters have been developed to classify individual body shape. Aim: To investigate the relationship between BMI, waist circumference (WC), a body shape index (ABSI) and ABSI-adolescents among adolescents and verify which would better predict lower adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio and disturbances on glucose metabolism. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study with 197 Brazilian adolescents of 14–18 years. Serum leptin, adiponectin, glucose and insulin were measured. A/L ratio, ABSI, ABSI-adolescents, BMI, homeostasis model assessment estimates of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Results: ABSI-adolescents positively correlated with WC (r = 0.83, p

Objective: To further evaluate the connection between obesity and Parkinson's disease, we utilized A body shape index which normalizes waist circumference for Body mass index. Derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey., Methods: Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2018, this study included 31,933 adult participants in total. First, all the participants were divided into the Parkinson's disease group and non-Parkinson's disease group, respectively. Next, according to their quartiles of A body shape index levels, they were further classified into Q1 group (0.058-0.077), Q2 group (0.078-0.081), Q3 group (0.082-0.084), and Q4 group (0.085-0.117). A body shape index was the primary exposure, while Parkinson's disease was the primary outcome. A body shape index is defined by waist circumference divided by Body mass index 2/3  × height 1/2 , and the expected value of waist circumference based on height and weight derived empirically from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Consequently, A body shape index and Parkinson's disease were analyzed through multifactor logistic regression., Results: According to the unadjusted multivariate logistic analysis, the Q4 group had a greater likelihood of acquiring Parkinson's disease than the Q1 group [OR = 4.519, 95% CI: 3.094-6.600; P  < 0.001]. After adjusting the demographic variables such as age, sex, and race, Q4 group was at a higher risk of Parkinson's disease acquisition than Q1 [OR (95% CI): 2.677 (1.774-4.038); P  < 0.001]. Compared with Q1 group, the male participants were in a greater chance of getting Parkinson's disease than female participants in Q4 group, as shown by subgroup analysis by gender [male vs. female: OR = 6.563 (3.289-13.098) vs. OR = 3.827 (2.398-6.108); Interaction P -value<0.001]., Conclusions: There is a non-linear positive correlation between the adult A body shape index and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Adults are at a greater risk of getting Parkinson's disease as A body shape index rises, and the link is particularly strong among men aged 20 to 59., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: The relationship between novel anthropometric indices, specifically a body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI), with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) or severe AAC (SAAC) is unclear. The aim of our study was therefore to investigate possible relationships between novel anthropometric indices and prevalence of AAC and SAAC., Methods: We obtained U.S. general population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2013 and 2014. The study used restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, multivariable logistic regression modeling, subgroup analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessment. We investigated relationships between ABSI or BRI and AAC and SAAC risk. Associations between ABSI or BRI and the degree of AAC were also evaluated using a generalized additive model., Results: The study cohort was comprised of 1062 individuals. The RCS plots revealed a U-shaped curve associating ABSI with AAC risk. A similar trend emerged for SAAC, where the risk initially increased before subsequently decreasing with rising ABSI levels. Additionally, BRI exhibited a positive correlation with both AAC and SAAC risk. As ABSI and BRI values increased, the degree of AAC also increased. In ROC analysis, ABSI displayed a significantly larger area under the curve compared to BRI., Conclusions: ABSI is associated with AAC prevalence following a U-shaped curve. Additionally, BRI is positively correlated with AAC risk. ABSI demonstrates a superior discriminative ability for AAC compared to BRI. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate ABSI and BRI may reduce the prevalence of AAC., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.)

Aim: To elucidate the mechanism by which cigarette smoking causes vascular damage, we examined the relationship between cumulative cigarette consumption and abdominal obesity, and the possible mediating effect of smoking on arterial stiffness., Methods: Cross-sectional data from 19499 never smokers and 5406 current smokers receiving health screening was analyzed. Abdominal obesity was assessed by ABSI, and arterial stiffness by CAVI. High CAVI was defined as CAVI ≥ 9.0., Results: Current smoker showed higher ABSI than never smokers after propensity score matching. Cumulative cigarette consumption expressed in pack-years correlated with ABSI (R s : 0.312 in men, 0.252 in women), and was also extracted as an independent factor associated with ABSI by multiple regression analysis. A linear relationship between pack-year and CAVI was observed (R s : 0.544 in men, 0.423 in women). Pack-year had almost equal discriminatory power in predicting high CAVI in both sexes (C-statistic: 0.774 in men, 0.747 in women), and the best cut-offs of pack-year for high CAVI were 24.5 in men and 14.7 in women. Bivariate logistic regression models revealed that the association between pack-year higher than cut-off and high CAVI was independent of traditional risks. A mediating effect of ABSI (mediation rate: 9.9% in men and 11.2% in women), but not waist circumference (WC), on the association of pack-year with CAVI was observed, after adjusting for traditional risks., Conclusion: Cumulative cigarette smoking in pack-years was independently associated with ABSI. ABSI partially mediates the association between pack-year and CAVI, suggesting that abdominal obesity partially mediates smoking-related vascular dysfunction.

Context: Overweight and obesity are assessed clinically using the body mass index (BMI), but the index is criticized as a crude measure of relative fat-muscle composition. The recently introduced a body shape index (ABSI) is an independent and more accurate predictor of mortality than other anthropometric measures. Aims: Describe ABSI in relation to other clinical and cardiometabolic risk factors in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional, armed forces diabetes clinic. Materials and Methods: Demographic and clinical data were obtained from randomly sampled patients with type 2 diabetes. Statistical Analysis: The t test, analysis of variance, or Chi-square test as appropriate, and contingency table analysis. Results: The 120 patients with type 2 diabetes (60 males, 60 females) had a mean (SD) age of 52.5 (9.3) years and BMI of 31.8 (5.5). Comparisons of ABSI and ABSI mortality risk categories with clinical and cardiovascular risk factors were statistically nonsignificant. Patients with below-average BMI (z < 0) (n = 33) were more likely to have above-average ABSI (z > 0) (27.5%) than a below-average ABSI z score (17.5%). Conclusion: These data provide a baseline assessment useful in further studies using larger datasets to confirm whether the ABSI can prove to be clinically useful and serve as a better predictor of mortality risk in the Saudi population. These local data should be of interest to the primary care practitioner who may be thinking of applying these new measures in their primary care practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) are two new anthropometric adiposity indices that have shown to be associated better than BMI with adipose abdominal tissue, with the onset of diabetes and the risk of premature death. Little is known about the influence of ABSI and BRI on subclinical vascular damage. The study was aimed to assess the relationship between ABSI and BRI with carotid atherosclerosis damage in subjects with arterial hypertension.Methods and Results: A total of 468 patients with arterial hypertension (30-80 years old) were enrolled; adiposity indices were calculated (BMI, WC, ABSI, BRI) and carotid ultrasonographic examination was performed to detect atherosclerotic damage (IMT or atherosclerotic plaque). BRI, but not ABSI, was higher in subjects with IMT> 0.90 mm in comparison to those with a lower IMT (p < 0.001), whereas patients with carotid plaques showed higher values of ABSI (p = 0.001), as well as of BRI (p = 0.003). Linear regression analysis disclosed significant correlation of IMT with ABSI, BRI and BMI (all p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, BRI was independently correlated with cIMT (p = 0.015). On the contrary, ABSI did not show any independent association with cIMT. However, ABSI was strongly associated with carotid plaques in multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounding factors. When BRI or BMI replaced ABSI into the multivariate models, they did not show any independent correlation with carotid plaques.Conclusions: ABSI may be proposed as a better correlate of carotid atherosclerosis than the traditional measures of adiposity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waist circumference (WC) is the currently recommended marker of central fat for cardiometabolic risk screening. Alternative surrogate markers have been recently proposed to better reflect the metabolic impact of central fat accumulation per se, based on WC normalization by height (Weight-to-Height Ratio – WtoH; Body Roundness Index – BRI) or body mass index (BMI) without (A Body Shape Index – ABSI) or with inclusion of plasma triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol concentrations (Visceral Adiposity Index – VAI). We investigated associations between WtoH, BRI, ABSI or VAI and insulin resistance (HOMA-index) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a general population cohort from the North-East Italy Mo.Ma. study (n = 1965, age = 49 ± 13 years, BMI = 26.7 ± 5.2 kg/m2). Baseline values were also evaluated as predictors of future insulin resistance and MetS in overweight-obese individuals undergoing 5-year follow-up (Ow-Ob) (n = 263; age = 54 ± 9, BMI = 30,7 ± 4,1). Compared to WC or BMI, basal WtoH and BRI were similarly associated with baseline HOMA and MetS prevalence after multiple adjustments (P < 0.001) and all markers similarly predicted 5-year HOMA and MetS (P < 0.001). Under basal conditions, superimposable results were observed for VAI whereas ABSI was less accurate or unable to identify baseline HOMA and MetS (p < 0.05 vs WtoH-BRI-VAI-WC-BMI). VAI had highest 5-year risk predictive value in Ow-Ob [ROC Area Under the Curve (AUC) VAI > WtoH-BRI-WC-BMI; p < 0.05] while no predictive value was in contrast observed for ABSI (ROC AUC ABSI < WtoH-BRI-WC-BMI; p < 0.05). Using alternate formulae with plasma lipid inclusion in ABSI and removal from VAI calculations completely reversed their 5-year predictive value and AUC. The current findings do not support replacement of WC with height-normalized anthropometric central fat surrogate markers to predict cardiometabolic risk in the general and overweight-obese population. BMI-normalization impairs risk assessment unless plasma lipid concentrations are available and included in calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate the combined effects of a high body shape index (ABSI) and a high serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level on the incidence of ischemic stroke in a Mongolian population in China. A prospective cohort study was conducted among 2,589 participants from June 2002 to July 2012 in Inner Mongolia, China. The participants were categorized into 4 groups according to their level of ABSI and CRP. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HR s) and 95% confidence intervals (CI s) for ischemic stroke among all groups. The multivariate adjusted HR s (95% CI) of ischemic stroke for high ABSI and high CRP level were 1.46 (0.89-2.39) and 1.63 (0.95-2.79), respectively. Compared with the low ABSI/low CRP level group, the multivariate adjusted HRs (95% CI) of ischemic stroke in the low ABSI/high CRP, high ABSI/low CRP, and high ABSI/high CRP groups were 1.04 (0.46-2.35), 1.06 (0.58-1.95) and 2.52 (1.27-5.00), respectively. The HR of ischemic stroke for the high ABSI/high CRP level group was the highest and most statistically significant. We found that participants with simultaneously high ABSI and high CRP levels had the highest risk of ischemic stroke in the Mongolian population. Our findings suggest that the combination of high ABSI and high CRP levels may increase the risk of ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are linked to excessive adiposity and anthropometric indices can be used to identify those at risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of anthropometric indices in identifying obesity and risk factors for NCDs and to investigate the emergence of obesity-related NCDs in young women in Sri Lanka., Methods: We recruited 282 women 18 to 35 y of age from suburban and rural areas in Sri Lanka. We measured the women's height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), A Body Shape Index(ABSI), hip circumference (HC), hip index (HI), anthropometric risk index (ARI), fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerols, and ovulatory gonadal hormones (progesterone, testosterone). Comparisons were made between women with normal BMI and those who were overweight or obese using anthropometric and biochemical characteristics., Results: The prevalence of obesity was highest in WC and in receiver operating characteristic analysis, BMI, WC, and WHtR showed higher sensitivity and lower 1-specificity as indicators of obesity. BMI had an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.000 with 100% sensitivity and 0% 1-specificity. WC had an AUC of 0.941 with 80% sensitivity and 13.4% 1-specificity. Additionally, WHtR showed a 0.974 AUC, 92.1% sensitivity, and 4.9% 1-specificity. The correlations between body size and shapes were assessed among the study participants using Pearson's correlation. More than other measures, WC and WHtR showed a significant correlation with BMI with P < 0.05 (r = 0.888 and 0.737, respectively). Although ABSI and BMI showed only a weak correlation (P = 0.006, r = 0.162), WHR and BMI showed a moderate correlation (P = 0.001, r = 0.477). Although HI demonstrated a negative association with BMI (P = 0.618, r = -0.030), HC exhibited a strong association (P = 0.001, r = 0.749). A significant association with higher odds ratios was found for obesity-related NCD risk factors such as hypertension, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, altered ovulatory hormones with these (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, ABSI, HI) obesity-assessing criteria (P < 0.05). A significant correlation between WC and hypertriacylglycerolmia (P = 0.001, r = 0.781, odds ratio, >16) was identified. A positive correlation was observed between all MS components and ARI, indicating that ARI may serve as a potential indicator of cardiometabolic risk., Conclusion: BMI, WC, WHtR, and HC are intercorrelated anthropometric measurements that can be used either alone or in combination to define obesity and detect the risk for NCDs, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and infertility. On the other hand, BMI, ABSI, and HI are designed to be mutually independent indices and have the advantage of combining the separate risks to generate an overall ARI. Furthermore, ARI appears to be a highly effective predictor of cardiovascular disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Abstract Background and objectives Comparisons of predictive performance of various anthropometric measures in high blood pressure have not been investigated. This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the predictive power of Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Adiposity index (BAI) and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) for predicting hypertension in adults. Methods The data of 277 subjects (109 men and 168 women) as a part of the major Lifestyle Promotion Project (LPP) conducted in the districts of Tabriz-East Azerbaijan-Iran were collected for this study. The weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured and BMI, BAI and ABSI were calculated. Blood pressure was measured twice, after 5 minutes of rest. The ANOVA and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) were used for statistical analysis. Results In all subjects, BMI (area under the curve (AUC): 0.65) predicted systolic blood pressure equally (P < 0.05). None of them had a significant prediction for diastolic blood pressure. By gender, considering P -value (P < 0.05), BMI predicted systolic in men (AUC: 0.71) and women (AUC: 0.61) and diastolic blood pressure only in men (AUC: 0.79). In addition systolic blood pressure in women was predicted by both BAI (AUC: 0.66) and ABSI (AUC: 0.67). Furthermore, BAI (AUC: 0.82) predicted diastolic blood pressure in men. Conclusion Although it was claimed that ABSI and BAI as the indexes of high waist circumference and body fat percent respectively, express the excess risk, based on our results, they are not better alternative than BMI in the clinical evaluation for screening for high blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) is called to obese people that their insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles and inflammatory profiles are favorable, and there are no signs of hypertension and cardio-metabolic diseases. The metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) is the opposite. A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is a marker to identifying abdominal obesity that is derived from weight, height and waist circumference (WC). Several studies have reported ABSI is associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and higher mortality rate. Materials and methods A total of 305 overweight and obese women were included in the current comparative cross-sectional study. Body composition was measured using body composition analyzer. Blood samples were obtained. The usual food intake of evaluated through the use of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between ABSI and MHO and MUHO (p = 0.04) and area under the ROC curve was 0.60. Also there is a significant relationship between BMI, fat mass index (FMI), free fat mass index (FFMI), neck circumference (NC), WC, fat mass (FM) and metabolic healthy status (MHS). The largest area under the ROC curve belonged to NC, WC, FM and BMI (0.66). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that there is a significant relationship between ABSI, BMI, FMI, FFMI, NC, WC, FM and MHS. The largest area under the ROC curve was related to the NC, WC, FM and BMI not ABSI, that means NC, WC, FM and BMI have maximum sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The role of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) in the development of obesity has been debated globally. The relationship with body shape and fat distribution was examined in this cross-sectional association study among apparently healthy Iranian adults.Methods and Materials: A study population of 265 (126 males and 139 females) aged 18-55 years participated in this cross-sectional study from the communities of Tehran based on cluster sampling. GI and GL were assessed by the 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed by a trained dietitian. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference of the participants were measured, and body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) were further calculated. Fat mass and fat-free mass were also measured using a body composition analyzer, and fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were then calculated. Multivariate regression models were fitted to assess the association between GI/GL and fat distribution measures such as FMI, FFMI, WC, BMI, WHR, and ABSI, considering potential confounding factors such as sex, age, BMI, and physical activity.Results: There was a statistically significant inverse association between GL and WC, BMI, and ABSI found in the adjusted model. GL was inversely associated with WC for both the adjusted model (p-trend = 0.027) and the crude model. Also, an inverse association was seen between GL and BMI (p-trend = 0.019) in the adjusted model but a marginal association in the crude model. GL was also inversely associated with ABSI (p-trend = 0.089) in the highest tertile.Conclusion: Dietary GL but not GI is inversely associated with fat distribution measures such as WC, BMI, and ABSI in the study population. This result may suggest a beneficial role of higher-GL diets in the prevention of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Anthropometric measures are simple, inexpensive, noninvasive tools to assess the risk of morbidity and mortality. This systematic review assessed the performance of A Body Shape Index (ABSI) in predicting hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and all‐cause mortality and compared the differential predictability between ABSI and two other common anthropometric measures – body mass index and waist circumference. A keyword and reference search were conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science for articles published until 1 November 2017. Thirty‐eight studies were included in the review, including 24 retrospective cohort studies and 14 cross‐sectional studies conducted in 15 countries. Meta‐analysis found that a standard deviation increase in ABSI was associated with an increase in the odds of hypertension by 13% and type 2 diabetes by 35% and an increase in cardiovascular disease risk by 21% and all‐cause mortality risk by 55%. ABSI outperformed body mass index and waist circumference in predicting all‐cause mortality but underperformed in predicting chronic diseases. ABSI is highly clustered around the mean with a rather small variance, making it difficult to define a clinical cutoff for clinical practice. Future studies are warranted to assess ABSI's potential usefulness as an anthropometric measure in population‐level health surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body mass index (BMI) corrects body weight for height and is well established for diagnosing overweight and obesity and correlating with many medical conditions. Waist circumference (WC) is used to diagnose abdominal obesity. However, the correlation of BMI and WC is high, around 0.9, making the use of BMI and WC in concert challenging. A body shape index (ABSI) is a new measure of risk associated with abdominal size. Derived in 2012, ABSI is analogous to BMI in that it normalizes WC for weight and height (and thus to BMI). A similar derivation led to hip index (HI), normalizing hip circumference for BMI. Hazard ratios (HRs) for univariate risk associations of the independent measures height, BMI, ABSI, and HI can be multiplied to give a combined HR, the anthropometric risk indicator (ARI). Compared to any one anthropometric factor, including BMI and WC, ARI more accurately estimates personalized mortality hazard. Published work on ABSI, HI, and ARI supports their association with many aspects of health, including cardiometabolic conditions related to the metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the ability of a body shape index (ABSI) and body adiposity estimator (BAE) to BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist:height ratio (WHtR) for predicting development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural adult Chinese. The prospective cohort study included 11 687 eligible participants who were free of T2DM at baseline. The risk of new-onset T2DM for ABSI, BAE, BMI, WC and WHtR quintiles was estimated by Cox proportional-hazards regression at follow-up. We also compared the power of ABSI and BAE to BMI, WC and WHtR for predicting the development of T2DM. With increasing ABSI, BAE, BMI, WC and WHtR, T2DM incidence was substantially increased (Ptrend<0·0001). After adjustment for multi-covariates, risk of T2DM was increased from the second to fifth quintile as compared with first quintile for ABSI (1·27; 95% CI 0·95, 1·69; 1·35; 95% CI 1·00, 1·82; 1·75; 95% CI 1·33, 2·32 and 1·87; 95% CI 1·40, 2·49; Ptrend <0·0001); BAE (1·82; 95% CI 1·38, 2·41; 1·93; 95% CI 1·38, 2·68; 2·73; 95% CI 1·94, 3·84 and 4·18; 95% CI 2·98, 5·87; Ptrend<0·0001); BMI (1·42; 95% CI 1·03, 1·97; 1·62; 95% CI 1·18, 2·23; 2·59; 95% CI 1·92, 3·50 and 3·90; 95% CI 2·90, 5·26; Ptrend <0·0001); WC (1·53; 95% CI 1·08, 2·17; 1·66; 95% CI 1·18, 2·33; 2·72; 1·97, 3·76 and 4·09; 95% CI 2·97, 5·62; Ptrend <0·0001); and WHtR (1·40; 95% CI 0·98, 1·99; 2·06; 95% CI 1·47, 2·88; 2·90; 95% CI 2·10, 4·01 and 4·22; 95% CI 3·05, 5·85; Ptrend<0·0001). ABSI, BAE, BMI, WC and WHR were effective and comparable in discriminating cases from non-cases of T2DM. Risk of T2DM was increased with elevated ABSI and BAE, but the predictive ability for T2DM did not differ than that of BMI, WC and WHtR in a rural Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background & aims Recently, a new anthropometric parameter emerged, namely A Body Shape Index (ABSI), which appears to be a major risk factor for mortality in the American and British populations. To the best of our knowledge, the relationship between ABSI and mortality was not studied previously in the middle-aged Chinese men. Therefore, we assessed the relationship based on a 15-year prospective study. Methods In an urban community of Chengdu, 780 middle-aged Chinese men were included in 1992 and followed up for 15 years. Results During the follow-up, 29 subjects died (mortality rate: 3.7%), and ABSI tended to be linearly associated with mortality. The subjects could be categorized into five groups by the quintiles of baseline ABSI, as follows: the first quintile (Q1), the second quintile (Q2), the third quintile (Q3), the fourth quintile (Q4) and the fifth quintile (Q5). Across the quintiles, the mortality rates were 3.8%, 5.3%, 3.0%, 4.7% and 1.9% in Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, respectively ( p trend = 0.386). With the highest quintile (Q5) as reference, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses presented that ABSI was not associated with mortality. Conclusions ABSI, a new anthropometric parameter, might not be associated with mortality in the middle-aged Chinese men. Further studies are needed to explore the specificities of ABSI in different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Besides body mass index (BMI), new parameters have been developed to classify individual body shape. Aim:To investigate the relationship between BMI, waist circumference (WC), a body shape index (ABSI) and ABSI-adolescents among adolescents and verify which would better predict lower adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio and disturbances on glucose metabolism. Subjects and methods:A cross-sectional study with 197 Brazilian adolescents of 14–18 years. Serum leptin, adiponectin, glucose and insulin were measured. A/L ratio, ABSI, ABSI-adolescents, BMI, homeostasis model assessment estimates of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) andβ-cell function (HOMA-β) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Results:ABSI-adolescents positively correlated with WC (r = 0.83,p < 0.0001) and BMI (r = 0.66,p < 0.0001), but stronger correlations were observed between WC and BMI (r = 0.95,p < 0.0001). ABSI-adolescents, BMI and WC negatively correlated with A/L ratio (allp < 0.0001). The correlation between BMI and A/L ratio was the strongest (r = −0.63,p < 0.001). A/L ratio, BMI, WC and ABSI-adolescents correlated with markers of glucose metabolism (allp < 0.0001) and the strongest correlation was observed with BMI (QUICKI:r = −0.75; HOMA-IR:r = 0.76; HOMA-β:r = 0.77; insulin:r = 0.79). Associations were confirmed by linear regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age. Conclusions:ABSI-adolescents, but not ABSI, was related to A/L ratio and to markers of glucose metabolism, but not more strongly than BMI and WC. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: Obesity is well recognized to be an important risk factor for hypertension (HTN), but it is not clear which obesity indices have stronger association with HTN. Aim: To evaluate the ability of different obesity indices, including visceral adiposity index (VAI), hypertriglyceridemic-waist (HTGW) phenotype, a body shape index (ABSI), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as possible hypertension (HTN) predictor in a high-risk population. Methods: Seven years follow-up data in first-degree relatives of consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30-70 years without diabetes and HTN with at least one follow-up examination (n = 1417) were analysed. Discriminatory capabilities were examined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the strength of association between obesity indices and HTN. Results: Among the indices, the highest quintile compared with the lowest quintile of WHtR and WC was more strongly associated with HTN in age and sex adjusted models [odds ratio (95% CI); WHtR: 4.02 (2.36, 6.85) and WC: 3.26 (2.05, 5.20)]. Those with HTGW phenotype was 2.3 (1.54, 3.35) times more likely to develop HTN than those with normal WC normal triglyceride. On ROC curve analysis, WHtR (63.1%; 59.6, 66.7) and WC (61.7%, 58.0, 65.4) had the higher area under the ROC. Conclusions: Although higher values of VAI, BMI, WHR and HTGW were associated with the risk of HTN, WHtR and WC was more strongly associated with the development of HTN, while the ABSI showed weaker association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been reported to be more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among non-obese individuals than BMI and waist circumference (WC). A body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI) have been proposed recently to assess obesity-related disorders or mortalities. Our aim was to compare the ability of ABSI and BRI with that of WHtR to identify cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese adults with normal BMI and WC. Design: Receiver-operating characteristic curves and areas under the curve (AUC) were employed to evaluate the ability of the indices (WHtR, BRI, ABSI) to identify metabolic risk factors and to determine the indices' optimal cut-off values. The value of each index that resulted in maximization of the Youden index (sensitivity + specificity - 1) was defined as optimal. Differences in the AUC values between the indices were also evaluated. Setting: Individuals attending a voluntary health check-up in Beijing, China, July-December 2015, were recruited to the study. Subjects: Non-obese adults (n 1596). Results: Among both genders, ABSI exhibited the lowest AUC value for identifying each risk factor among the three indices; the AUC value of BRI for identifying each risk factor was very close to that of WHtR, and no significant differences were observed between the AUC values of the two new indices. Conclusions: When evaluating cardiometabolic risk factors among non-obese adults, WHtR was a simple and effective index in the assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors, BRI could be used as an alternative body index to WHtR, while ABSI could not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A healthy body shape is essential to maintain athletes' sports level. At present, little is known about the effect of athletes' body shape on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Moreover, the relationship between body shape and variables such as knee joint function after operation and return to the field has not been well studied., Aim: To verify the relationship between a body shape index (ABSI) and the functional prognosis of the knee after ACLR in athletes with ACL injuries., Methods: We reviewed 76 athletes with unilateral ACL ruptures who underwent ACLR surgery in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between 2017 and 2020, with a follow-up period of more than 24 mo. First, all populations were divided into a High-ABSI group (ABSI > 0.835, n = 38) and a Low-ABSI group (ABSI < 0.835, n = 38) based on the arithmetic median (0.835) of ABSI values. The primary exposure factor was ABSI, and the outcome indicators were knee function scores as well as postoperative complications. The correlation between ABSI and postoperative knee function scores and postoperative complications after ACLR were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression., Results: The preoperative knee function scores of the two groups were similar. The surgery and postoperative rehabilitation exercises, range of motion (ROM) compliance rate, Lysholm score, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score of the two groups gradually increased, whereas the quadriceps atrophy index gradually decreased. The knee function scores were higher in the Low-ABSI group than in the High-ABSI group at the 24-mo postoperative follow-up ( P < 0.05). In multifactorial logistic regression, ABSI was a risk factor of low knee joint function score after surgery, specifically low ROM scores (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.10-1.44]; P < 0.001), low quadriceps atrophy index (OR = 1.11, 95%CI [0.97-1.29]; P < 0.05), low Lysholm scores (OR = 2.34, 95%CI [1.78-2.94]; P < 0.001), low symptoms (OR = 1.14, 95%CI [1.02-1.34]; P < 0.05), low activity of daily living (OR = 1.34, 95%CI [1.18-1.65]; P < 0.05), low sports (OR = 2.47, 95%CI [1.78-2.84]; P < 0.001), and low quality of life (OR = 3.34, 95%CI [2.88-3.94]; P < 0.001). ABSI was also a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb (OR = 2.14, 95%CI [1.88-2.36], P < 0.05] and ACL recurrent rupture (OR = 1.24, 95%CI [0.98-1.44], P < 0.05) after ACLR., Conclusion: ABSI is a risk factor for the poor prognosis of knee function in ACL athletes after ACLR, and the risk of poor knee function after ACLR, deep vein thrombosis of lower limb, and ACL recurrent rupture gradually increases with the rise of ABSI., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)