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Introduction: Physical match actions are simulated through modified games. Pitch size and set configuration seems to influence the physical responses during small-sided games. Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze the effects of pitch size and set configuration during small-sided games. Methodology: Fourteen young male field soccer players performed three small-sided games, involving 7 vs. 7 + 2 goalkeepers: 3 x 8 min with 5 min of rest between sets on a 68 x 40 m pitch (194 m2); same pitch area but 6 x 4 min with 2 min of rest (194 m2); and 6 x 4 min with 2 min of rest on a 40 x 34 m pitch (97 m2). Vertical jump, kick velocity and sprint were assessed to examine the residual fatigue before and after each small-sided game. Results: Larger pitch sizes showed significantly higher physical demands. Shorter bouts demanded greater distances at high intensity than longer bouts. A significant SSG x time interaction was observed for 10-m sprint time (P = 0.04), where a greater impairment was observed after completing 6 x 4 min (194 m2). Discussion: Higher external loads have been observed during games on larger pitches. A 4 min bout was provided as the optimal physical training stimulus. Conclusions: Larger pitch sizes and shorter bout durations are higher-demand games than smaller pitch sizes and longer bouts. Sprint performance is impaired after completing every small-sided game, especially acceleration capacity after completing modified games involving larger pitch areas and shorter bout durations.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the acute effects on mechanical, neuromuscular, metabolic, and muscle contractile responses to different set configurations in full-squat (SQ).MethodsTwenty-two men performed three SQ sessions that consisted of 3 sets of 12 repetitions with 60% 1RM with 4 minutes inter-set rests: a) traditional set (TS): no rest within the set; b) cluster-6 (CS6): a 30 seconds intraset rest after the 6th repetition of each set; and c) cluster-2 (CS2): a 30 seconds intraset rest every 2 repetitions. Mechanical (i.e., force, velocity, and power) and electromyography (EMG) values were recorded for every repetition. A battery of tests was performed: a) tensiomyography (TMG), b) blood lactate c), countermovement jump (CMJ), d) maximal isometric SQ, and e) performance with the load that resulted in a velocity of 1 m·s−1 at baseline (V1-load). Repeated measured ANOVA analyses were used to compare the 3 protocols.ResultsAs the number of intraset rests increased (TS < CS6 < CS2), mechanical performance was better maintained (p < 0.01) and EMG variables were less altered (p = 0.05). At post, CS2 and CS6 displayed lower lactate concentration, lesser reductions in CMJ height, and smaller alterations in TMG-derived variables than TS (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe introduction of short and frequent intraset rest periods during resistance exercise alleviates training-induced fatigue, resulting in better maintenance of performance. This approach can be applied during the in-season period when minimizing fatigue is a priority.

El rápido avance de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) representa un desafío y una oportunidad crucial para la sociedad contemporánea. Estas herramientas no solo han transformado la manera en que las personas se comunican y trabajan, sino que también han redefinido los paradigmas pedagógicos, planteando nuevas exigencias y posibilidades para los sistemas de enseñanza. La incorporación de estos recursos en las aulas promueve la equidad y calidad educativa, preparando a los estudiantes con diversidad funcional para un mundo cada vez más digitalizado y favoreciendo procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje accesibles, innovadores e inclusivos. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar una escala para medir el conocimiento de los futuros docentes sobre las TIC aplicadas a la inclusión educativa mediante el Modelo de Respuesta Graduada (MRG). Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio psicométrico sobre una muestra no probabilística de 684 estudiantes universitarios del Grado en Educación Primaria de diferentes universidades públicas andaluzas, utilizando una versión reducida de la Escala de Conocimiento de las TIC aplicadas a las personas con diversidad funcional de Cabero-Almenara et al. (2016). Los datos reflejan una diversidad significativa en el conocimiento de los participantes sobre las TIC aplicadas a personas con diversidad funcional. Además, la precisión en la estimación de las puntuaciones latentes respalda la validez del instrumento de medición. Los resultados indican que la escala empleada no solo es efectiva para medir el conocimiento promedio de los participantes, sino que también es capaz de detectar variaciones significativas entre individuos. Por tanto, se concluye que esta escala es una herramienta predictiva útil para identificar deficiencias formativas y diseñar planes de estudios que respondan a estas necesidades.

Objetivo. Comparar la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) tras la COVID-19 en función del sexo. Metodología. Estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal en pacientes post-COVID de neumología-medicina interna del Complejo asistencial de Zamora, diagnosticados de COVID-19 al menos 3 meses antes. La CVRS se valoró mediante el cuestionario EQ-5D-5L. Resultados. Se incluyeron 192 pacientes, 91 mujeres (47,4 %), edad 57±13 años. 127 pacientes (66,0%) reflejaron un EQ-5D Index < 1, lo que supone una merma en su CVRS. En el análisis comparativo en función del sexo, las mujeres manifestaron mayor dificultad para las actividades cotidianas (38 [41,3%] vs. 22 [21,6%]; p=0,003), dolor/malestar de forma habitual (50 [54,3%] vs. 35 [34,3%]; p=0,005) y ansiedad/depresión (48 [52,2%] vs. 38 [37,3%]; p=0,037). La Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) fue mayor en hombres (69,8±18,7 vs. 63,1±19,5; p=0,016), así como el EQ-5D Index (0,84±0,22 vs. 0,76±0,25; p=0,023). La regresión lineal multivariante confirmó que las mujeres tenían una peor autopercepción de la CVRS independientemente del resto de factores analizados, tanto en el EQ-5D Index [b (IC95%): -0,090 (-0,153 a -0,026)] como en la EVA [b (IC95%): -6,858 (-12,083 a -1,633)]. Discusión. El sexo femenino es un factor de riesgo significativo para una peor calidad de vida auto percibida en pacientes que han pasado la COVID-19, con mayor incidencia de ansiedad, depresión, dolor y limitaciones en actividades cotidianas. Estos problemas fueron más prevalentes en mujeres, quienes mostraron diferencias significativamente menores en el índice EQ-5D y la escala EVA en comparación con los hombres. ABSTRACT Objective. To compare the health-related quality of life perception (HRQoL) after COVID-19 according to sex. Methodology. Cross-sectional study in post-COVID patients attending neumology and internal medicine consultation rooms at Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, diagnosed from COVID-19, at least 3 months before. HRQoL was evaluated using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Results: 192 patients were included, 91 women (47,4 %), aged 57±13. 127 patients (66,0%) obtained EQ-5D Index < 1, what means a decrease in their HRQoL. Comparative analysis according to sex showed women had higher difficulties for daily activities (38 [41,3%] vs. 22 [21,6%]; p=0,003), usual pain/discomfort (50 [54,3%] vs. 35 [34,3%]; p=0,005), anxiety/depression (48 [52,2%] vs. 38 [37,3%]; p=0,037). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was higher among men (69,8±18,7 vs. 63,1±19,5; p=0,016), as well as EQ-5D Index (0,84±0,22 vs. 0,76±0,25; p=0,023). Multivariate linear regression confirmed women had a worse HRQoL perception with independence of the rest of the analyzed factors, in EQ-5D Index [b (IC95%): -0,090 (-0,153 a -0,026)] as well as VAS [b (IC95%): -6,858 (-12,083 a -1,633)]. Discussion: Female sex is a significative risk factor for a worse self-perceived quality of life in patients who had suffered from COVID-19, with a high incidence of anxiety, depression, pain, and limitations for daily activities. These problems were more prevalent in women, who showed significant lower differences in the EQ-5D index and the VAS scale compared to men.

IntroductionThe most common histopathological finding in Ménière’s disease (MD) is endolymphatic hydrops (EH), which involves the dilation of the membranous labyrinth. The direct relationship between EH and MD is debated, although EH plays a crucial role in auditory and vestibular functional tests. MRI sequences such as 3D-FLAIR and 3D-real-IR are used to study EH, with the latter being more effective. This study aimed to examine whether the severity of EH detected by MRI is always more pronounced in the cochlea than in the vestibule, indicating a cochleocentric progression of the condition.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal study was conducted at a tertiary care medical center from 2019 to 2023, involving patients diagnosed with unilateral Ménière’s disease. All patients underwent MRI hydrops assessments (3D-REAL-IR sequences) using 3 Tesla magnets and gadobutrol contrast agent. EH was graded qualitatively and quantitatively for both ears using scales for cochlear endolymphatic hydrops (cEH) and vestibular endolymphatic hydrops (vEH). Volumetric measurements of the vestibule and endolymph were performed, and the vestibular endolymphatic ratio (vELR) was calculated. The degree of perilymphatic enhancement (PE) and endolymphatic herniation was also assessed. Patient data, including demographics, disease features, comorbidities, hearing loss, and vestibular function, were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis involved various tests to compare groups and evaluate correlations, using a significance level of p

Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown remarkable results in melanoma, but only modest clinical benefits in other cancers, even after TIL have been genetically modified to improve their tumor homing, cytotoxic potential or overcome cell exhaustion. The required ex vivo TIL expansion process may induce changes in the T cell clonal composition, which could likely compromise the tumor reactivity of TIL preparations and ultimately the success of TIL therapy. A promising approach based on the production of bispecific T cell-engagers (TCE) by engineered T cells (STAb-T therapy) improves the efficacy of current T cell redirection strategies against tumor-associated antigens in hematological tumors. We studied the TCRβ repertoire in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors and in ex vivo expanded TIL from two unrelated patients. We generated TIL secreting anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) × anti-CD3 TCE (TILSTAb) and tested their antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo using a NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in which tumor fragments and TIL from the same patient were transplanted into hIL-2 NOG mice. We confirmed that the standard TIL expansion protocol promotes the loss of tumor-dominant T cell clones and the overgrowth of virus-reactive TCR clonotypes that were marginally detectable in primary tumors. We demonstrated the antitumor activity of TILSTAb both in vitro and in vivo when administered intratumorally and systemically in an autologous immune-humanized PDX EGFR+ NSCLC mouse model, where tumor regression was mediated by TCE-redirected CD4+ TIL bearing non-tumor dominant clonotypes.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of 3 training volumes in the bench-press exercise performed with interrepetition rest periods, matched for fatigue, on strength gains and neuromuscular adaptations. Methods: Forty-three resistance-trained men were randomized into 3 groups: low (LOW), moderate (MOD), and high (HIG) volume. The intensities increased from 70% to 85% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) over the 8-week training period. Each session consisted of only 1 set with short interrepetition rest periods. LOW performed only 3 repetitions per session (8-wk total: 48 repetitions); MOD completed 15, 12, 10, and 8 repetitions per session with 70%, 75%, 80%, and 85% 1RM, respectively (8-wk total: 180); and HIG performed 24, 21, 18, and 15 repetitions per session with 70%, 75%, 80%, and 85% 1RM, respectively (8-wk total: 312). Progressive loading and fatigue tests were conducted in the bench-press exercise before and after the training period. Electromyography (EMG) signals from the triceps brachii were registered during these tests. Results: HIG and MOD showed higher velocity loss than LOW (16% vs 12%). No significant group × time interaction was observed for any variable. All groups improved significantly in all strength-related variables, except for maximal unloaded velocity, where only MOD obtained significant gains. Only LOW and MOD induced significant improvements in EMG. MOD obtained the greatest effect sizes in almost all strength variables. Conclusions: No significant differences were found in the performance gains obtained by each group despite the wide differences in the total volume accumulated by each group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the acute effects on mechanical, metabolic, neuromuscular, and muscle contractile responses to different velocity-loss (VL) thresholds (20% and 40%) under distinct blood-flow conditions (free [FF] vs restricted [BFR]) in full squat (SQ). Methods: Twenty strength-trained men performed 4 SQ protocols with 60% 1-repetition maximum that differed in the VL within the set and in the blood-flow condition (FF20: FF with 20% VL; FF40: FF with 40% VL; BFR20: BFR with 20% VL; and BFR40: BFR with 40% VL). The level of BFR was 50% of the arterial occlusion pressure. Before and after the SQ protocols, the following tests were performed: (1) tensiomyography, (2) blood lactate, (3) countermovement jump, (4) maximal voluntary isometric SQ contraction, and (5) performance with the load that elicited a 1 m·s−1 at baseline measurements in SQ. Results: No "BFR × VL" interactions were observed. BFR protocols resulted in fewer repetitions and lower increases in lactate concentration than FF protocols. The 40% VL protocols completed more repetitions but resulted in lower mechanical performance and electromyography median frequency during the exercise than the 20% VL protocols. At postexercise, the 40% VL protocols also experienced greater blood lactate concentrations, higher alterations in tensiomyography-derived variables, and accentuated impairments in SQ and countermovement-jump performances. The 20% VL protocols showed an increased electromyography median frequency at postexercise maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Conclusions: Despite BFR-accelerated fatigue development during exercise, a given VL magnitude induced similar impairments in the distinct performance indicators assessed, regardless of the blood-flow condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study analyzed the influence of 2 velocity-based training-load prescription strategies (general vs individual load–velocity equations) on the relationship between the magnitude of velocity loss (VL) and the percentage of repetitions completed in the bench-press exercise. Methods: Thirty-five subjects completed 6 sessions consisting of performing the maximum number of repetitions to failure against their 40%, 60%, and 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in the Smith machine bench-press exercise using generalized and individualized equations to adjust the training load. Results: A close relationship and acceptable error were observed between percentage of repetitions completed and the percentage of VL reached for the 3 loading magnitudes and the 2 load-prescription strategies studied (R2 from.83 to.94; standard error of the estimate from 7% to 10%). A simple main effect was observed for load and VL thresholds but not for load-prescription strategies. No significant interaction effects were revealed. The 40% and 60% 1RM showed equivalence on data sets and the most regular variation, whereas the 80% 1-repetition maximum load showed no equivalence and more irregular variation. Conclusion: These results suggest that VL is a useful variable to predict percentage of repetitions completed in the bench-press exercise, regardless of the strategy selected to adjust the relative load. However, caution should be taken when using heavy loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Audiovestibular disorders in childhood occur with considerable frequency. However, the difficulty of obtaining medical history, the nonspecificity of symptoms, and the lack of cooperation during complementary tests often contribute significantly to diagnostic biases, attributing clinical presentations to psychosomatic disorders. The objectives of this work are, firstly, to characterize, from an auditory and vestibular perspective, the most frequent causes of vertigo in childhood and a possible relationship with emotional symptoms. On the other hand, to propose the usefulness of the MSSQ-Short questionnaire as a predictive variable in the evolution of children diagnosed with recurrent vertigo of childhood (RVC). Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was designed with retrospective data collection at three tertiary hospitals. Results: Among the 117 patients recruited between 2016 and 2024, 32 patients (27.35%) were diagnosed with an anxious-depressive syndrome prior to audiovestibular testing. The mean age was 11.19 ± 5.61 years and the most frequent final diagnoses were vestibular migraine (VM) with 41.03% and RVC with 23.93%. Patients with VM, compared with RVC, are approximately 1.12 times more likely to have psychosomatic pathology (CI 0.39 to 3.25). The most sensitive and frequently altered test was VEMPS (39.32%), with statistical significance in VM and otic capsule dehiscence, while regarding the MSSQ-Short questionnaire, the linear regression of 0.28 indicates an increase in clinical duration with high questionnaire scores. Conclusions: Vestibular disorders causing dizziness and vertigo are challenging to diagnose, often due to lack of cooperation and/or symptom nonspecificity. A thorough medical history and complementary tests, including audiovestibular and imaging studies, are advisable, thus avoiding systematically attributing children’s complaints to other psychosomatic disorders.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic affected neuro-oncological patients and their caregivers regarding tumor care and emotional functioning, including Quality of Life (QoL). This study aimed to understand how COVID-19 affected their psychological state and the relations between patients and health personnel in neuro-oncology. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on neuro-oncological patients and their caregivers. Results: A total of 162 patients and 66 caregivers completed the questionnaire. Altogether, 37.5% of patients perceived a greater risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to the general population. On a 0–10 scale, the patients’ tumor-related anxiety score was 5.8, and their COVID-19-related score was 4.6. The caregivers reported 7.7 and 5.5, respectively. QoL was described as at least good in 75% of both patients and caregivers; the caregivers’ care burden increased in 22.7% of cases during the pandemic, with no correlation with QoL. Future perception often changed, both in patients and caregivers. In 18% of cases, the cancer treatment schedule was changed, either by patient decision or by medical decision. However, 93.5% of patients were satisfied with their overall care. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of patients and caregivers still perceived the tumor disease as more burdensome than the pandemic, and their future as more uncertain. Such data suggest the need to build a productive alliance between patients and health professionals.

Malaria poses a serious global health problem, with half the world population being at risk. Regular screening is crucial for breaking the transmission cycle and combatting the disease spreading. However, current diagnostic tools relying on blood samples face challenges in many malaria-epidemic areas. In the present study, we demonstrate the detection of the malaria-causing Plasmodium parasite in non-invasive saliva samples (N = 61) from infected individuals by combining a DNA-based Rolling-circle-Enhanced-Enzyme-Activity-Detection (REEAD) sensor system with a chemiluminescence readout that could be detected with an in-house-developed affordable and battery-powered portable reader. We successfully transferred the technology to sub-Saharan Africa, where the malaria burden is high, and demonstrated a proof of concept in a small study (N = 40) showing significant differences (p < 0.00001) between malaria-positive individuals (N = 33) and presumed asymptomatic negative individuals (N = 7) all collected in Gabon. This is the first successful application of the REEAD sensor system for the detection of malaria in saliva in a high-epidemic area and holds promise for the potential future use of REEAD for malaria diagnosis or surveillance based on non-invasive specimens in sub-Saharan Africa.

El presente trabajo parte una diversidad entre subsistemas socioeconómicos que debieran verse necesitados de modelos diferenciados para mostrar sus resultados para posteriormente abordar el diseño de políticas públicas de fomento para la economía social y solidaria. Siendo para este diseño donde se precise de un conocimiento previo y caracterización sectorial que puede ser obtenido con modelos de Balance Social, justificándose esto desde el análisis hecho con un estudio de caso abordando la totalidad del sector cooperativista del Ecuador. Donde el análisis de la data obtenida nos permite el correcto diseño de las necesitadas políticas públicas de desarrollo sectorial y extraer conclusiones para extrapolar métodos desde la base de la necesidad de implementar modelos de Balance Social.

Coastal upwelling, marked by cool sea surface temperatures, modulates the wind stress and heat fluxes at the air-sea interface. However, the impact of upwelling on offshore wind power has been scarcely studied. This study uses satellite sea surface temperature data and a numerical model to examine how coastal upwelling shapes the diurnal evolution of the marine boundary layer, focusing on implications for offshore wind energy. The study region is the U.S. Mid Atlantic Bight, specifically the coast of New Jersey, known for its persistent summertime upwelling events. We run numerical experiments with upwelling, and upwelling artificially removed, to assess differences in the atmospheric response. For the wind event considered, results agree with theory where a stable, upwelling-cooled atmospheric boundary layer leads to reduced air-sea drag and turbulence intensity, higher wind speeds at hub height, and greater vertical shear relative to the scenario with upwelling removed. This response is likely caused by a sea breeze superimposed on onshore background winds. Experiments with parameterized turbines show that an 18-hour power generation at a lease area close to the shore was 6.5% higher with upwelling (4.86 GWh and 4.56 GWh, respectively). While upwelling can modulate offshore wind, the nature of the modulation is strongly dependent on the boundary layer regimes, background wind direction, and synoptic or mesoscale weather patterns.

IntroductionThe impact of sex bias in medical research is a matter of significant relevance and importance especially in the modern age. Despite notable improvements in sex equity across various societal fields, disparities in sex representation persist within clinical and pharmacological research. The objective of this article is to investigate the sex bias within Prospective Follow-up Observational Studies with Drugs authorized by the Advisory Commission on Post-Authorization Studies with Medicines in Catalonia, a southern European region.MethodsA retrospective study that analyses data from final reports of Prospective Follow-up Observational Studies with Drugs authorized by the Advisory Commission on Post-Authorization Studies with Medicines in Catalonia from 2015 to 2021. Disease categories and specific diseases, obtained from the Global Data Exchange, were evaluated for sex bias, comparing female participation to female prevalence.ResultsThere were 1,06,399 participants, including 43,778 female participants (42.5%). A significant underrepresentation of females was observed across various disease categories. Notably, in 12 out of 19 categories (63.2%), a pronounced female underrepresentation (sex bias ≤ 0.05) was evident, particularly in the categories of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (sex bias = −0.5659). Furthermore, 11 categories (57.9%) also demonstrated significant female underrepresentation, with the same notable categories, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (sex bias = −0.4439). When examining specific diseases, significant female underrepresentation was observed in 13 out of 29 diseases (46.4%), especially in HIV (sex bias = −0.4781). The overall findings indicate that the degree of sex bias was notably less favorable for females in numerous disease categories and specific conditions.ConclusionOur study has demonstrated a significant sex bias within observational studies, mirroring patterns observed in clinical trials. Importantly, our findings highlight a pervasive underrepresentation of women across various disease categories and specific conditions. Despite efforts to promote both sexes inclusivity, our results emphasize the persistent challenges in achieving balanced sex representation in study populations. Furthermore, the absence of categorization of diseases based on male and female prevalence poses a significant challenge in accessing pertinent data, particularly concerning the sex distribution of specific diseases.

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el efecto del consumo de carne de conejo de granja sobre el rendimiento físico, la composición corporal y la salud en deportistas. Los participantes, deportistas de la Selección Española de esgrima, consumieron carne de conejo (n=12) u otras carnes en caso del grupo control (n=6) durante 8 días. Antes y después de la intervención se realizaron valoraciones de la composición corporal mediante bioimpedancia, análisis de biomarcadores sanguíneos y orina y pruebas para valorar el rendimiento (salto en contra movimiento, de longitud, fondo de esgrima y fuerza isométrica de agarre). El análisis de la composición corporal no mostró cambios significativos intra-grupales ni inter-grupales. En los biomarcadores se observó que el grupo intervención redujo los valores de la glucosa sanguínea (p=0,028) y de magnesio (p=0,038); el grupo control incrementó los valores de urea (p=0,044). No se observaron diferencias entre grupos a lo largo del tiempo significativas en ninguno de los biomarcadores analizados. En cuanto al rendimiento, el grupo intervención redujo los valores del salto máximo vertical y la media de los saltos verticales (p

PURPOSEGallbladder cancer (GBC) is a biliary tract malignancy characterized by its high lethality. Although the incidence of GBC is low in most countries, specific areas such as Chile display a high incidence. Our collaborative study sought to compare clinical and molecular features of GBC cohorts from Chile and the United States with a focus on ERBB2 alterations.METHODSPatients were accrued at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) or the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC). Clinical information was retrieved from medical records. Genomic analysis was performed by the next-generation sequencing platform MSK-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets.RESULTSA total of 260 patients with GBC were included, 237 from MSK and 23 from PUC. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between the patients identified at MSK and at PUC except in terms of lithiasis prevalence which was significantly higher in the PUC cohort (85% v 44%; P = .0003). The prevalence of ERBB2 alterations was comparable between the two cohorts (15% v 9%; P = .42). Overall, ERBB2 alterations were present in 14% of patients (8% with ERBB2 amplification, 4% ERBB2 mutation, 1.5% concurrent amplification and mutation, and 0.4% ERBB2 fusion). Notably, patients with GBC that harbored ERBB2 alterations had better overall survival (OS) versus their ERBB2-wild type counterparts (22.3 months v 11.8 months; P = .024).CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of lithiasis seems to be higher in Chilean versus US patients with GBC. A similar prevalence of ERBB2 alterations of overall 14% and better OS suggests that a proportion of them could benefit from human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2–targeted therapies. The smaller cohort of Chile, where the disease prevalence is higher, is a reminder and invitation for the need of more robust next-generation sequencing analyses globally.

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil clínico de pacientes com hiperferritinemia com sobrecarga de ferro primária (HF-Fe1), que foram encaminhados ao serviço de hematologia, do Hospital de Clínicas, da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (HC-UFTM). Material e métodos: Foram coletados dados dos prontuários de 166 pacientes encaminhados, entre 2016 e 2022, ao ambulatório de Hematologia, do HC-UFTM, por hiperferritinemia (HF). A análise descritiva foi realizada pelo RStudio, versão 2024.04.2+764. Resultados: Dos 166 pacientes com HF, 70,5% (n = 117) eram homens, 64,5% (n = 107) brancos, a idade média foi de 55 anos (DP = 12,8) e 45,8% (n = 76) realizaram testes de mutações no gene HFE, dos quais 44,5% (n = 34) apresentaram estas mutações: 70,6% (n = 24) heterozigotos H63D, 8,8% (n = 3) heterozigotos C282Y, 8,8% (n = 3) heterozigotos compostos C282Y/H63D, 5,9% (n = 2) homozigotos H63D e 5,9% (n = 2) homozigotos C282Y. Dos 34 pacientes com HF-Fe1, 14,7% (n = 5) foram encaminhados à hematologia pela atenção primária à saúde (APS) e 44,1% (n = 15) pela atenção secundária. Quanto às médias séricas dos exames laboratoriais, a ferritina foi 981,6 ng/mL (DP = 757,9) antes do ambulatório. Já o primeiro exame ambulatorial, ferritina 659,1 ng/mL (DP = 383,8), ferro 140,5 mcg/dL (DP = 51,3) e índice de saturação da transferrina (IST) 51,1% (DP = 20,7). Após o primeiro tratamento, ferritina 591,4 ng/mL (DP = 721,2), ferro 117mcg/dL (DP = 44,9) e IST 40% (DP = 18,6). Quanto às condutas, houve orientação para mudanças no estilo de vida (MEV) em 50% (n = 17) dos casos e foram indicadas flebotomias em 76,5% (n = 26). Discussão: As prevalências de idade, raça/cor e gênero dos pacientes encaminhados ao HC-UFTM por HF foram semelhantes a outros estudos. A minoria dos pacientes com HF-Fe1 foi referenciada pela APS, enquanto a maioria, pela atenção especializada, o que levanta o questionamento acerca da eficiência da APS com relação ao adequado diagnóstico e manejo dos casos. Neste estudo, quase metade dos pacientes com HF realizaram testes de mutações, dos quais 44% apresentaram alterações. Embora ainda seja uma taxa baixa, representa diferença de 20% a mais de acertos em relação a outro estudo. O perfil genético foi semelhante ao do Sul do Brasil, em que a heterozigose H63D foi a forma mais prevalente de mutação no gene HFE. No entanto, no Sul, a homozigose H63D foi a segunda mais prevalente e, no HC-UFTM, a menos prevalente, junto com a homozigose C282Y, que na Europa, representa 80% dos casos. O perfil do metabolismo do ferro, após a primeira consulta ambulatorial, foi semelhante a outros estudos. Referente às condutas, a orientação das MEV foi registrada em metade dos casos, porém, deveria ser realizada para todos os pacientes. A flebotomia apresentou alta adesão médica, o que condiz com as recomendações vigentes. Conclusão: Os dados deste estudo corroboram os descritos na literatura, porém com diferenças pontuais das prevalências dos perfis genéticos, quando comparados a outras regiões. As causas dos baixos referenciamento pela APS e acertamento dos testes de mutações necessitam de mais estudos, a fim de fomentar melhorias quanto ao manejo dos pacientes com HF e de evitar solicitações desnecessárias de exames complementares, sobrecarrega da atenção secundária, oneração do sistema público de saúde e atrasos de diagnóstico e tratamento dos pacientes.

Autophagy is a ubiquitous process through which damaged cytoplasmic structures are recycled and degraded within cells. Aging can affect autophagy regulation in different steps leading to the accumulation of damaged organelles and proteins, which can contribute to cell dysfunction and death. Motor neuron (MN) loss and sarcopenia are prominent features of neuromuscular aging. Previous studies on phrenic MNs showed increased levels of the autophagy proteins LC3 and p62 in 24 month compared to 6 month old mice, consistent with the onset of diaphragm muscle sarcopenia. In the present study, we hypothesized that aging leads to increased expression of the autophagy markers LC3 and p62 in single lumbar MNs. Expression of LC3 and p62 in lumbar MNs (spinal levels L1-L6) was assessed using immunofluorescence and confocal imaging of male and female mice at 6, 18 and 24 months of age, reflecting 100 %, 90 % and 75 % survival, respectively. A mixed linear model with animal as a random effect was used to compare relative LC3 and p62 expression in choline acetyl transferase-positive MNs across age groups. Expression of LC3 and p62 decreased in the white matter of the lumbar spinal cord with aging, with ~29 % decrease in LC3 and ~ 7 % decrease in p62 expression at 24 months of age compared to 6 months of age. There was no change in LC3 or p62 expression in the gray matter with age. LC3 expression in MNs relative to white matter increased significantly with age, with 150 % increase at 24 months of age compared to 6 months of age. Similarly, p62 expression in MNs relative to white matter increased significantly with age, with ~14 % increase at 24 months of age compared to 6 months of age. No effect of sex or MN pool was observed in LC3 and p62 expression in MNs. Overall, these data suggest autophagy impairment during elongation (increased LC3) and degradation (increased p62) phases with aging in lumbar MNs.

Chemokines are cytokines that mediate leukocyte traffic between the lymphoid organs, the bloodstream, and the site of tissue damage, which is essential for an efficient immune response. In particular, the gamma interferon (IFN- γ) inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, and their receptor CXCR3, are involved in T cell and macrophage recruitment to the site of infection. The nature and function of these chemokines and their receptor are well-known in mammals, but further research is needed to achieve a similar level of understanding in fish immunity. Thus, in this study, we seek to identify the genes encoding the components of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11/CXCR3 axis (CXCL9-11/CXCR3), predict the protein structure from the amino acid sequence, and explore the regulation of gene expression as well as the response of these chemokines and their receptor to viral infections. The cxcl9, cxcl10, cxcl11, and cxcr3 gene sequences were retrieved from the databases, and the phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the evolutionary relationships. The study revealed an interesting pattern of clustering and conservation among fish and mammalian species. The salmon chemokine sequences clustered with orthologs from other fish species, while the mammalian sequences formed separate clades. This indicates a divergent evolution of chemokines between mammals and fish, possibly due to different evolutionary pressures. While the structural analysis of the chemokines and the CXCR3 receptor showed the conservation of critical motifs and domains, suggesting preserved functions and stability throughout evolution. Regarding the regulation of gene expression, some components of the CXCL9-11/CXCR3 axis are induced by recombinant gamma interferon (rIFN-γ) and by Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection in Atlantic salmon cells. Further studies are needed to explore the role of Atlantic salmon CXCL9-11 chemokines in regulating immune cell migration and endothelial activation, as seen in mammals. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no functional studies of chemokines to understand these effects in Atlantic salmon.

En este ensayo, como en todos los que integran el presente homenaje de Kipus al escritor y ensayista ecuatoriano José de la Cuadra, la palabra montuvío se utiliza tal cual la emplearon los autores del -Grupo de Guayaquil-, esto es, como reflejo de -monte y vida-o Posteriormente la Academia decretó, así consta en el Diccionario, que debía escribirse montubio como resultado de -monte y biología-. Como parte de este homenaje, en esta ocasión seguimos el uso que del término hizo De la Cuadra. (N. del E.)

Summary: Magnesium shows promise as a material for temporary fixation, yet its rapid corrosion poses health risks due to metal ion release. To mitigate these concerns, a biofunctionalization approach involving dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) compounds and Chlorella sp. biomass was employed via electrodeposition, silanization, and dip-coating. Surface characterization using XRD, FTIR, and SEM confirmed successful deposition and immobilization. Corrosion behavior was assessed through electrochemical, immersion, and atomic absorption tests, revealing improved resistance and reduced Mg2+ ion release. The coatings demonstrated significant enhancement in corrosion resistance, guarding against pitting and cracks. The findings suggest the potential of Mg/DCPD and Mg/DCPD/microalgae coatings in addressing corrosion-related risks in temporary fixation applications, promising improved biocompatibility and longevity for medical implants.

Objectives: The evidence on water intake in the prevention of kidney function decline is scarce at population level in well-being individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Therefore, we aimed to longitudinally evaluate the associations between total water intake and subtypes and kidney function, through estimated-Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). Methods: Three-year prospective analysis conducted in 1986 older adults (aged 55–75 year) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Water intake was assessed using validated beverage and food frequency questionnaires. Serum creatinine-based eGFR (SCr-based eGFR; ml/min/1.73 m2) was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation at baseline, one-year and 3-years of follow-up. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations between baseline total water intake and subtypes, and SCr-based eGFR over 3-years of follow-up. Results: Participants in the highest baseline tertile of total water intake, plain water and water from all fluids showed a lower decrease in SCr-based eGFR after 3-years of follow-up, compared to those in the lowest tertile. Participants with the highest tap water consumption showed a lower SCr-based eGFR decline after 1-year and 3-years of follow-up, in comparerd to participants in the lowest intake category (T3 vs. T1: β: 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95%CI: 0.5–2.3, β: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.1–2.0, respectively). Conclusions: Plain water rather than other water sources, and especially tap water, was associated with lower kidney function decline assessed through eGFR over 3-years of follow-up, in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Trial registration: ISRCTN89898870. Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 2000.

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 2002 y 2003.

El 9 de febrero de 2024 se cumplieron tres años desde que la vacuna de la empresa Sinopharm fue aplicada por primera vez en el Perú; los profesionales de la salud fueron el primer grupo poblacional en recibirla (1). Este hito ocurrió mientras los peruanos vivían en un contexto de imparable confusión y creciente temor ante el virus SARS-CoV-2, pero con la esperanza de que la ciencia, haciendo gala de sus herramientas, pudiera mostrar a la población la tan ansiada luz al final del túnel pandémico. En el Centro de Investigación de Virología de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres (CIV-USMP) se ha revisado información relevante, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, y se ha reflexionado sobre los tres años transcurridos desde aquella primera dosis de la vacuna BBIBP-CorV de Sinopharm en nuestro país.

La viruela del simio es una enfermedad poco frecuente causada por el virus de la viruela del simio (MPXV). Este es un virus que puede ingresar al huésped a través de diferentes vías, como la orofaringe, la nasofaringe, rutas intradérmicas, entre otras. En el año 2022 se supo de un brote en el que el virus parecía tener mutaciones que le harían propagarse de manera más eficiente. Presentamos tres casos de viruela del simio en el seno de una familia de ocho miembros. El paciente 1, un hombre de 32 años, presentó una pápula debajo del ojo izquierdo, la cual fue eclosionada manualmente por su esposa; luego presentó endoftalmitis asociada a fiebre y cefalea, añadiéndose lesiones pruriginosas tipo vesiculares no dolorosas en extremidades y genitales. Finalmente, se le diagnosticó, clínicamente, infección por viruela del simio. La paciente 2, una mujer de 27 años (pareja del paciente 1), presentó lesiones vesiculares y pustulares en el tórax, las extremidades y la región anal seis días después de exposición por contacto estrecho con el paciente 1. Luego, se le adicionaron mialgias, fiebre y odinofagia, con resultado positivo a prueba molecular para MPXV. El paciente 3, un niño de ocho años, a los siete días del inicio de síntomas de la madre (paciente 2), presentó odinofagia, tinnitus, fiebre, adenopatía cervical y pápulas umbilicadas en el abdomen, el brazo izquierdo y el glúteo derecho, con resultado positivo a prueba molecular para MPXV. Los otros miembros de la familia no presentaron manifestaciones clínicas a pesar del contacto intrafamiliar prolongado de aproximadamente dos semanas con los pacientes, en el que compartieron áreas comunes y utensilios sin restricciones.

Los Geoparques Mundiales de la UNESCO, a pesar de su gran diversidad patrimonial, no han sido objeto de estudios de funcionalidad turística. Estos estudios se han centrado principalmente en las Ciudades Patrimonio Mundial y en el patrimonio cultural inmueble y, en menor medida, en los recursos naturales, siendo los geológicos los menos analizados debido a su reciente reconocimiento. En este artículo se realiza el estudio de funcionalidad turística de dos geoparques que presentan realidades muy dispares, uno latinoamericano (Mixteca Alta) y otro europeo (Villuercas-Ibores-Jara), con el objetivo de visibilizar la gestión de geoparques bajo diferentes realidades a nivel mundial. La metodología empleada consiste en un inventario pormenorizado del patrimonio existente, identificando el uso turístico de cada recurso patrimonial y otros indicadores de interés para su funcionalidad. La base del inventario ha sido fruto de una selección de fuentes de información, algunas de ellas cedidas por ambos geoparques, así como de trabajo de campo. Los resultados de este trabajo proporcionan un análisis de la funcionalidad turística en dos casos exitosos de geoparques que presentan diferentes formas de gestión acorde a su realidad. De igual forma, se proponen actuaciones para mejorar, si cabe, la gestión turística sostenible de los recursos patrimoniales de estos territorios.

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has forced many human subjects research to halt in-person activities and pivot to virtual engagement, including Focus Groups (FGs). We highlight learnings from our experience of hosting virtual FGs from our BEhavioral EConomics for Oral health iNnovation (BEECON) study focusing on oral hygiene behaviors among low-income, predominantly Hispanic families, including practical tips and potential pitfalls to avoid for researchers considering virtual engagement.ResultsThere can be particular benefits to holding virtual sessions among minority parents of young children-to provide flexibility, comfort, and reduced logistical barriers for participation-while still facilitating friendly conversation with minimal distractions. However, extensive preparation is needed to ensure smooth execution and minimal distractions.