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[EN] It is an advisory work to the Fundación Proservanda for the safety and health at work for teachers with 54,000 members of public schools in Cundinamarca (Colombia). The first analysis was done by the foundation's board and it was observed that they had greater opportunities for improvement in the customer service. And the process has been started by implementing Lean manufacturing and 6 sigma tools. First of all, they have done an analysis of the current situation through interviews and mapping of processes, since they did not have indicators. After redefined analysis some of the tools they had used, such as user surveys, and they relaunched again to see the actual status. Opportunities for improvement were detected and studied, with the corresponding technical data sheets and the financial evaluation of each one of the proposals. The implementation of some of the proposals for improvement, above all the defining the indicators and working with them to check what is the actual function of the foundation were achieved., [ES] Es un trabajo de asesoría a la Fundación Proservanda de seguridad y salud en el trabajo para docentes con 54.000 afiliados de los colegios públicos de Cundinamarca (Colombia). Se hizo un primer análisis junto con la directiva de la fundación y se observó que donde tenían mayores oportunidades de mejora era en la atención al usuario y mediante herramientas de Lean manufacturing y 6 sigma se empezó con el proceso. Primero se hizo un análisis de la situación actual, por medio de entrevistas y mapeo de procesos, ya que no contaban con indicadores. Después del análisis de redefinieron algunas de las herramientas que ellos usaban, como son las encuestas a los usuarios, y se empezaron a lanzar de nuevo para ver el estado real. Se detectaron oportunidades de mejora y se estudiaron, con las correspondientes fichas técnicas y la evaluación financiera de cada una de las propuestas. Se consiguió la implementación de algunas de las propuestas de mejora y sobretodo la definición de indicadores y el trabajo con ellos para ir controlando cuál es el funcionamiento real de la fundación.

Comunicação sobre um caso de estudo desenvolvido relativo à aplicação da metodologia Seis Sigma na Avaliação Externa da Qualidade do parâmetro Glicose. N/A

Comunicação sobre a metodologia Seis Sigma no âmbito do controlo de qualidade laboratorial. N/A

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia A manutenção e a realização de ações de melhoria de eficiência energética num sistema de ar comprimido refletem-se em vantagens para o setor industrial, tais como uma maior segurança e fiabilidade do sistema e uma redução dos custos que estão associados à redução de consumos. O potencial de ganhos associados ao aumento da eficiência destes sistemas é elevado, prova disso é o estudo da União Europeia “SAVE II”, em 2000, onde se constata que os compressores de ar comprimido foram responsáveis pelo consumo de 80 mil GWh a nível europeu (cerca de 1,5 vezes o consumo total de eletricidade em Portugal), sendo que pelo menos 30% deste valor poderia ter sido evitado.A grande maioria dos processos das linhas de produção da BorgWarner Emissions and Thermal Systems Portugal (BWP), onde decorreu o trabalho aqui descrito, necessita de ser abastecida com ar comprimido. Apesar de em 2014, a empresa se ter mudado para um novo edifício, passados dois anos, começaram a ser notórias algumas lacunas não só relativamente à eficiência do sistema, mas também a sua falta de monitorização e controlo. Da consciencialização dos responsáveis pelo sistema de ar comprimido, surgiu a ideia de criar um projeto 6 sigma cujo o objetivo é criar medidas de melhoramento e controlo do sistema, de forma a garantir que este se mantenha estável e eficiente ao longo dos anos.Para reforçar a necessidade, importância e valor acrescentado deste projeto, surgiu a oportunidade de desenvolver esta dissertação de mestrado, no âmbito do estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores, da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra, com o objetivo de analisar todo o sistema de ar comprimido da BWP, e identificar as possíveis oportunidades de melhoria. Deste trabalho resultou um plano de ações que foi integrado no projeto 6 sigma “Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Compressed Air System” para dar início a uma agenda de trabalhos da responsabilidade do departamento de Manufacturing Services (MS). Energy efficiency in compressed air system translates into advantages for the industrial sector, such as greater safety and security of the system and consumption reduction. The potential for gains associated with increasing the efficiency of these systems is high. This is illustrated by the European Union study “SAVE II”, in 2000, where compressors where responsible for the consumption of 80,000 GWh in this region (about 1,5 times the total electricity consumption in Portugal), and at least 30% of this figure could have been avoided.This project has taken place in the facilities of BWP. Here, almost all the production lines in BWP need to be supplied with compressed air. In 2014, the company moved to a new building, after two years, some gaps began to appear in the system, not only related to the efficiency of the system but also lack of monitoring and control. From the awareness of those gaps by the people responsible for the compressed air system, emerged the 6 sigma project whose objective is to yield measures to improve and control the system to ensure that it is stable and efficient over the years.To reinforce the importance and value of this project, arised the opportunity to develop this master’s thesis, within a curricular internship of the Master’s degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering, in the Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of University of Coimbra, with the objective of analyzing the entire compressed air systems of BWP and identifying possible opportunities for improvement. This work resulted in an action plan that was integrated into the 6 sigma “Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Compressed Air System” to start a work schedule to the Manufacturing Services department.

A determinação da glicose no sangue desempenha um papel fundamental no diagnóstico, monitorização do tratamento e do controlo da diabetes. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação do nível Sigma dos laboratórios participantes no programa de Química Clínica do PNAEQ (2014-2016) relativamente à quantificação da glicose, através de duas avaliações distintas deste índice de qualidade. Na avaliação por amostra foi considerada a especificação mínima da qualidade baseada na variabilidade biológica e obteve-se um nível Sigma médio de 1,63, resultante de 33 amostras consideradas. Na avaliação por laboratório foi considerada a especificação desejável da qualidade baseada na variabilidade biológica, sendo avaliados 79 laboratórios que originaram um nível Sigma médio de 1,70. Ambas as avaliações indicaram níveis de desempenho que evidenciam a necessidade de melhorias. Torna-se, assim, necessário identificar as causas para o desempenho apresentado e incentivar os laboratórios a implementar ações que permitam eliminar ou reduzir a ocorrência de erros e diminuir a variabilidade dos resultados. Glucose quantification plays a key role in the diabetes diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the Sigma level of the participant laboratories of the Clinical Chemistry program of PNAEQ (2014-2016) regarding the Glucose quantification, through two different approaches. In the evaluation per sample, the minimum quality specification based on biological variability was considered and it was obtained a mean Sigma level of 1.63, considering 33 samples. In the evaluation per laboratory the desirable quality specification based on biological variability was considered and 79 laboratories were evaluated, obtaining a mean Sigma level of 1.70. Both evaluations indicated performance levels that require improvement actions. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the causes for the observed performance and encourage the laboratories to implement improvement solutions that allow to eliminate or reduce the occurrence of errors and decrease the results variability. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-09-21T13:18:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta????o - Gilmara S. Forte.pdf: 4193962 bytes, checksum: b3e3892e84e4cce73be4a728d86abc99 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-09-21T13:18:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta????o - Gilmara S. Forte.pdf: 4193962 bytes, checksum: b3e3892e84e4cce73be4a728d86abc99 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T13:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta????o - Gilmara S. Forte.pdf: 4193962 bytes, checksum: b3e3892e84e4cce73be4a728d86abc99 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 This scientific research if based in the case study, applied in assembly line of air conditioners type window, a company in Manaus industrial pole (PIM), with targets of reducing operational costs, based on their internal indicators of year 2016: zero base budget (OBZ), where identified a potential source to reduce operational costs in your assembly line the welding of parts, the welders were the bigger salaries because they are more qualified. The general objective of this dissertation was the understanding of how the interaction between Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma could contribute to the company reduce your assembly costs and increase your productivity. Their methodology was an experimental case study, applied nature, quantitative and qualitative approach, with descriptive purposes and experimental procedures, general features to verify the relationship between the variables, in which the experiment was a planning type with Six Sigma tools. The results achieved, for this research, was ratified how the interaction of Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma can help to become an assembly line more productive with stable results in terms of cost and quality. Intending this research to be the basis for applying these methods in small companies as the future research work of other researchers. Esta pesquisa cientifica se estruturou em estudo de caso, aplicado em uma linha de produtos de eletrodom??sticos de condicionadores de ar tipo janela, de uma empresa do polo industrial de Manaus (PIM), na busca por redu????o dos seus custos operacionais, baseados em seus indicadores internos do ano de 2016: or??amento base zero (OBZ), que identificou uma fonte potencial para redu????o de custos operacionais em sua linha de montagem, a parte de soldagem de pe??as, apontado como sendo os maiores sal??rios dos soldadores por serem profissionais mais qualificados. O objetivo geral desta disserta????o foi o entendimento de como a intera????o entre o Lean Manufacturing e Seis Sigma poderiam contribuir para a empresa reduzir seus custos operacionais e aumentar sua produtividade. Sua metodologia foi um estudo de caso experimental, de natureza aplicada, abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, com fins descritivos e procedimentos experimentais, de caracter??sticas gerais para verificar a rela????o entre as vari??veis, em que o tipo de instrumento foi um planejamento com ferramentas Seis Sigma. Os resultados alcan??ados, por esta pesquisa, foi ratificar como a intera????o do Lean Manufacturing e Seis Sigma podem contribuir para tornar uma linha de montagem mais produtiva com resultados est??veis em termos de custos e qualidade. Deixando esta pesquisa como base para aplica????o destes m??todos para empresas de menores porte ?? trabalhos futuros de outros pesquisadores.

Este poster ganhou o prémio de melhor poster apresentado. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) plays a crucial role in the monitoring and diagnosis of diabetes. In Portugal 9,8% of the population has diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6,5% or treatment with glucose-lowering medications). Six sigma metrics combine bias, precision, and allowable total error (Tea), and can be used for assessing the quality of the analytic phase. The main objective of this study was to apply a linear regression model for long-term evaluation of the precision and inaccuracy, and apply the sigma metric to evaluate the performance of laboratories in HbA1c quantification. N/A

El objeto de este proyecto consiste en la reducción de la pérdida de producto (merma) que se produce en los procesos productivos para la obtención de cosméticos y fragancias. La realización de este proyecto se encuentra en el marco de aplicación de la metodología Lean 6 Sigma. Dentro de la filosofía de la Mejora Continua, el 6 Sigma representa una herramienta muy útil para la solución de problemas donde se requieren procesar un número importante de datos con el fin de llegar a conclusiones para la toma de decisiones.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial, A presente dissertação apresenta três projetos de investigação com recurso à metodologia 6 Sigma, realizados na empresa Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal S.A.. Dois deles são focados no processo de montagem de produtos, abordando a problemática da ocorrência de defeitos causados pela presença de partículas de natureza condutiva a isolante no interior das unidades. O terceiro projeto foi realizado sob a ótica de melhoria do processo de análise técnica no laboratório de análises de unidades reclamadas. O principal propósito dos dois primeiros projetos passou pela redução de defeitos com modos de falha associados à presença de resíduos no interior das unidades. Por sua vez, o terceiro estudo procurou melhorar os tempos de resposta do laboratório de análise de unidades reclamadas em relação à análise técnica de unidades com presença de resíduos. Este teve como principal propósito servir como “ensaio” e desenvolver um conjunto de conclusões para um projeto 6 Sigma de grande escala, iniciado em 2014 e a terminar em 2016, com o objetivo de reestruturar todo o processo de tratamento de reclamações da empresa, de forma a alinhar o futuro processo com os standards da divisão Bosch Car Multimedia. Os processos onde se focaram cada uma das investigações foram analisados com recurso a um conjunto de ferramentas da qualidade, sendo identificadas e implementadas um conjunto de oportunidades de melhoria. Em termos de resultados obtidos, foi possível reduzir o nível de resíduos nas linhas de produção, bem como reduzir o tempo de execução dos trabalhos no laboratório de QMM9. Estas melhorias possibilitaram a redução de desperdícios, aumentando de forma efetiva a qualidade dos produtos e processos., This thesis presents three research projects that were developed through the 6 Sigma at Bosch Car Multimedia, S.A.. Two of them were focused in the products’ assembly process, approaching the issue of occurrence of defects caused by the presence of conductive and insulating particles inside the units. The third project was developed from the standpoint of improving the technical analysis’ process in the analysis’ laboratory of claimed units. The main purpose of the first two projects consists of reducing the number of defects caused by failure modes related to the presence of residues inside the units. On the other hand, the third study was the improvement of response time in the analysis’ laboratory regarding to the technical analysis of units that have residues presence. The main aim of this project was to serve has a “test” to start up a large-scale 6 Sigma project that was initiated in 2014 and will finish in 2016, which aims to restructure the whole claims treatment process, in order to align the future process with the Bosch Car Multimedia’s standards. The two projects on which focused each research were analyzed, and it was identified and implemented a range of opportunities for improvement. Regarding to the obtained results, it was possible to decrease the residues level in the production lines, as well as decreasing the execution time in QMM9 laboratory. These improvements have allowed the reduction of waste, increasing in an effective way the quality of the products and processes.

Γίνεται μια προσπάθεια προσέγγισης των επιχειρήσεων οι οποίες είναι πιστοποιημένες κατά ISO:9001, μέσω ενός πιλοτικού ερωτηματολογίου, προκειμένου να διερευνηθεί το κατά πόσο είναι σε θέση να υιοθετήσουν την φιλοσοφία και τις τεχνικές του 6 σίγμα. Η εργασία αποτελείται από δύο σκέλη. Το πρώτο είναι η θεωρητική προσέγγιση της φιλοσοφίας 6 σίγμα και ανάλυση της, και το δεύτερο σκέλος είναι τα αποτελέσματα και τα συμπεράσματα της έρευνας. There is an attempt of approaching bussinesses qualified by the standard ISO:9001, through a pilot questionnaire. This attempt is focusing in the ability of bussinesses in adopting the filosophy of 6 sigma and its techniques. The essay is being contained of two parts, the first one is the theoretical approach of the filosophy of 6 sigma and the second one contains the results of the investigation and the conclusions.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe procesų tobulinimas analizuotas kaip kokybės vadybos dalis. Išanalizuoti pasirinktos įmonės problematiškiausi procesai, nustatytos šių problemų priežastys ir pateikti siūlymai procesų tobulinimui. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje atlikta mokslinės literatūros analizė, pristatyta kokybės vadybos raida. Antrojoje dalyje aptartas procesų tobulinimas kaip kokybės vadybos dalis, procesų reikšmė sėkmingai organizacijos veiklai. Atlikus literatūros analizę, pateiktos 6 sigma ir Lean šeši sigma metodikos, naudojamos procesų tobulinimui. Trečiojoje – analizuojami pasirinktos įmonės problematiškiausi procesai, remiantis 6 sigma DMAIC metodu ir Lean šeši sigma principais, analizuojami duomenys, gauti interviu su įmonės darbuotojais metu, atlikus įmonės reikiamų dokumentų analizę ir stebint procesus. Išanalizuoti du (slaptų pirkėjų atrankos ir projektų koordinavimo) procesai, pateiktos tobulinimo galimybės. Process improvement was analyzed as a part of quality management. Two problematic processes of the selected company were analyzed, the causes of these problems were found and solutions to process improvement were given. The first chapter of master’s work was dedicated to analyze the literature and to introduce the development of Quality Management. In the second chapter, process improvement was discussed as a part of Quality Management, also processes importance to organization’s successful work. After the literature analysis, process improvement methods were introduced - 6 sigma and Lean 6 sigma. The third chapter includes the analysis of chosen company’s problematic processes, using 6 sigma and Lean 6 sigma methods. Data collected during the interviews with the employees of the company and from necessary company documents, were analyzed as well. Two processes (mystery shoppers’ selection and project coordination) were analyzed and solutions to processes improvement were given.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljen začetek procesa implementacije koncepta vitke proizvodnje v proizvodnem podjetju in njen vpliv na proizvodni proces. V teoretičnem delu so predstavljene metode, ki sestavljajo koncept vitke proizvodnje, praktični del naloge pa je sestavljen iz opisa začetnih korakov uvajanja metod 5S, SMED in OEE. S pomočjo metode SMED je glavni cilj zmanjšati čas zastoja procesa v času menjave orodja na stroju in s tem povečati skupni izkoristek opreme. S statistično obdelavo parametrov OEE so prikazane nekatere težave in področja, ki zahtevajo dodatne raziskave. V sklepnem delu so prikazani vplivi uvajanja koncepta vitke proizvodnje na kakovost proizvodnega procesa in na kakovost dela v podjetju. In the master’s thesis is described the start of the process of implementation the concept of lean manufacturing in the manufacturing company. In the theoretical part are introduced methods, which compose the concept of lean manufacturing. Practical part consists of first steps of implementing methods 5S, SMED and OEE. The main purpose of method SMED is to lower the time waste in process of changing dies on the machine and so to improve the efficiency of the equipment. With the statistical processing of the OEE parameters, there are highlighted some problems, which need some further investigations. In the final part, there are shown some impacts of lean manufacturing on the quality of the manufacturing process and on the quality of work in the company.

En el proyecto que se desarrolla a continuación se realiza un estudio de una línea de montaje real, estableciendo la defectuosidad y las acciones tomadas para reducirla. Para el cuál se va a utilizar el indicador FPY, que significa First Pass Yield y expresa el número de hornos fabricados buenos a la primera, es decir, que no precisan de reparación. Partiendo de una situación inicial (85% FPY) se plantea un objetivo inicial de mejora (90% FPY) y no sólo se alcanzan sino que se obtienen valores superiores (94% FPY). Este proyecto se realiza a través de la observación y trabajo en la propia línea de montaje y todos los problemas y acciones tomadas para solucionarlos son reales y se dieron durante la estancia en la empresa. Todo esto se enmarca en una metodología de trabajo 6 Sigma, que establece las pautas a seguir y marca la hoja de ruta para cada uno de los procesos de línea analizados. A modo de resumen podemos decir que diferencia 5 etapas que repetiremos para cada defecto analizado: Definición, Medición, Análisis, Implementación, Control. Inicialmente se establece un análisis mediante una fase de observación y aprendizaje, tanto de los tipos de hornos, como de los defectos y el puesto en el que suceden todos ellos. Gráficas de Pareto principalmente, pero también gráficos circulares reflejan este análisis, elaborado a partir de tablas dinámicas de Excel. Después de establecerse dicho análisis se evalúa el origen de dichos fallos, para tratar de implementar posteriormente una solución a cada uno. Tras estas dos fases se implementan las acciones correctoras. Con objeto de evaluar el impacto de las medidas se hace un análisis económico. Para ello se utilizan los datos reales, pero no se detallan al ser de carácter confidencial. Se muestran los resultados y la base de las estimaciones no estableciendo el origen exacto de cada uno. El proyecto finaliza con unas conclusiones, que recogen los resultados obtenidos para el mismo, las futuras líneas de mejora y las acciones infructuosas.

Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial O presente projeto complementa um período de estágio de 9 meses na Sonae Indústria – P.C.D.M., SA, na área da melhoria contínua, no departamento de Qualidade. Com este trabalho pretende-se demonstrar uma possível abordagem da metodologia DMAIC na eliminação de um defeito específico da produção de ‘placas de MDF’ (Medium Density Fibreboard) – Bordos Partidos. Através dos dados recolhidos foi possível encontrar alguns dos locais críticos onde este defeito ocorreu, bem como as suas respetivas causas. Permitiu, também, sugerir algumas ideias de melhoria, que se forem implementadas será possível uma redução do material enviado para um 2º momento de inspeção visual (2ª Escolha), devido à ocorrência de Bordos Partidos. O autor propõe, por isso, a implementação da metodologia DMAIC na redução, e consequente eliminação das causas responsáveis pelo envio de material para 2ª Escolha, quer na Sonae Indústria – P.C.D.M., SA, em Mangualde (Viseu), como nas restantes unidades fabris da sub-holding Sonae Indústria, produtoras de MDF. This project complements a 9-month internship at Sonae Indústria – P.C.D.M., SA, in the field of continuous improvement at the quality department. This work pretends to demonstrate a possible approach of DMAIC methodology in the elimination of a specific defect – Damaged Edges, during the production of 'MDF boards' (Medium Density Fibreboard). Using the data collected it was possible to find some of the critical locations where the defect has occurred, as well as their respective causes. It was also possible to suggest some ideas for improvement, which if implemented will enable the reduction of the material sent to a 2nd moment of visual inspection (2nd Choice), due to the occurrence of Damaged Edges. Therefore, the author proposes the implementation of the DMAIC methodology in the reduction, and elimination of the causes responsible for sending material to the 2nd Choice at Sonae Indústria – P.C.D.M., SA, in Mangualde (Viseu), as in other plants of the sub-holding Sonae Indústria, producers of MDF.

Σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει την έννοια της πολιτικής ποιότητας «6 Σίγμα» και να αναπτύξει ένα εργαλείο μέτρησης, ένα ερωτηματολόγιο για αυτή. Να εντοπίσει τα κενά που υπάρχουν στην ήδη υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με αυτή την έννοια καθώς και να παραθέσει κάποιες προτάσεις για μελλοντικές έρευνες. Τέλος σκοπός της είναι να παρουσιάσει το προφίλ των ελληνικών μεταποιητικών – βιομηχανικών επιχειρήσεων στις οποίες πρόκειται να στοχεύσει το παρόν ερωτηματολόγιο. Μεθοδολογία/προσέγγιση: στην παρούσα εργασία αναπτύσσεται η θεωρία σχετικά με την εφαρμογή της πολιτικής ποιότητας «6 Σίγμα» στις μεταποιητικές επιχειρήσεις. Η συλλογή των στοιχείων έγινε με βάση τη βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση και οι λέξεις κλειδιά που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ήταν: six sigma, critical success factors of six sigma, barriers of six sigma, benefits of six sigma, problem areas of six sigma, lean six sigma, reasons for implementing and not implementing, tools and techniques used by companies, factors for measuring six sigma management activities, και methodology DMAIC. Στα πλαίσια αυτής της εργασίας δημιουργήθηκε ένα δομημένο ερευνητικό ερωτηματολόγιο το οποίο έχει να κάνει με την πολιτική ποιότητας «6 Σίγμα» στις ελληνικές μεταποιητικές – βιομηχανικές επιχειρήσεις. Συμπεράσματα: μετά τη μελέτη αρκετών παρόμοιων ερευνών που έγιναν πάνω στην πολιτική ποιότητας «6 Σίγμα», καταλήγουμε στο συμπέρασμα ότι το παρόν ερωτηματολόγιο θα απευθυνθεί σε επιχειρήσεις που έχουν κάποια εμπειρία στην πολιτική ποιότητας «6 Σίγμα», ή έχουν εφαρμόσει κάποια άλλη στρατηγική ποιότητας (ISO 9000). Επίσης το μέγεθος των επιχειρήσεων στο οποίο θα στοχεύσει θα είναι ΜΜΕ, αφού αποτελούν την πλειοψηφία των ελληνικών επιχειρήσεων. Περιορισμοί: όπως κάθε έρευνα που πραγματοποιείται περιλαμβάνει κάποιους περιορισμούς έτσι και η παρούσα εργασία έχει τους δικούς της. Ο βασικότερος περιορισμός της είναι ότι βασίστηκε μόνο σε βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση και δεν απέδειξε τα στοιχεία που παρουσιάζονται μέσα από κάποια έρευνα έστω και πιλοτική. Επιπλέον το παρόν ερωτηματολόγιο αφορά μόνο τις μεταποιητικές – βιομηχανικές επιχειρήσεις. Παρόλα αυτά αυτή η μελέτη απλά αντιπροσωπεύει μια προκαταρκτική μελέτη που αργότερα μπορεί να επεκταθεί. Πρακτικές επιπτώσεις: αυτή η εργασία θα δώσει τη δυνατότητα στους επαγγελματίες «6 Σίγμα» να ελέγξουν κατά πόσο οι ελληνικές μεταποιητικές – βιομηχανικές επιχειρήσεις είναι εξοικειωμένες με την έννοια της πολιτικής ποιότητας «6 Σίγμα» και κατά πόσο την εφαρμόζουν. Αυτό θα μπορέσει να γίνει στο άμεσο μέλλον, αφού το παρόν ερωτηματολόγιο θα χρησιμοποιηθεί σε πιλοτική έρευνα. Πρωτοτυπία – αξία: αυτή η εργασία παρουσιάζει τα κενά που υπάρχουν στην ήδη υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με την πολιτική ποιότητας «6 Σίγμα», τα οποία οδηγούν σε πολλές ερευνητικές προτάσεις για το μέλλον. Επίσης αποτελεί την πρώτη απόπειρα προσέγγισης των ελληνικών μεταποιητικών επιχειρήσεων που εφαρμόζουν αυτή την πολιτική ποιότητας. Λέξεις κλειδιά: six sigma, critical success factors of six sigma, barriers of six sigma, benefits of six sigma, problem areas of six sigma, lean six sigma, reasons for implementing and not implementing, tools and techniques used by companies, factors for measuring six sigma management activities, methodology DMAIC, six sigma belt system και manufacturing industry. The purpose of this project is to present the concept of “six sigma” and develop a measurement tool, a questionnaire, on this. To locate the gaps that may exist in the relevant by now-bibliography and also to give some future research suggestions. Finally its aim is to present the Greek manufacturing industries profile, which the present questionnaire concerns. Methodology/approach: The present project develops the theory which is relevant to the application of “six sigma” in the manufacturing industries. The collection of the data was based on literature reviews and the key words that were used were: six sigma, critical success factors of six sigma, barriers of six sigma, benefits of six sigma, problem areas of six sigma, lean six sigma, reasons for implementing and not implementing, tools and techniques used by companies, factors for measuring six sigma management activities and methodology DMAIC. In the context of this project there was created a structured research questionnaire, relevant to “six sigma” in Greek manufacturing industries. Conclusions: after studying enough similar surveys on “six sigma”, we come to the conclusion that the present questionnaire is addressed to industries that have a certain experience in “six sigma”, or have applied some other quality strategies (ISO 9000). Furthermore the size of the industries at which it aims will be SME, since they are the majority of Greek industries. Research limitations: the present project includes some specific limitations, like every other study that has been realized. The most basic limitation is that it was only based on literature reviews and it didn’t prove the elements that were presented through a study, even a pilot one. Moreover the present questionnaire concerns only the manufacturing industries. Nevertheless this study simply represents a preliminary study that later can be extended. Practical implications: this study will give the capability to the “six sigma” professionals to check how much the manufacturing industries are familiarized to the concept of “six sigma” and how much they apply it. This might happen in the direct future, since the present questionnaire is used in pilot study. Originality/value: this study presents the gaps that exist in the already existing literature relevant to six sigma, which leads to a lot of future research suggestions. Also it is the first attempt to approach Greek manufacturing industries that apply this quality politic. Key words: six sigma, critical success factors of six sigma, barriers of six sigma, benefits of six sigma, problem areas of six sigma, lean six sigma, reasons for implementing and not implementing, tools and techniques used by companies, factors for measuring six sigma management activities, methodology DMAIC, six sigma belt system and manufacturing industry.

Статтю присвячено питанням формування системи якості управління підприємствами авіаційної галузі. Розглянуто основні питання впроваджень та особливості систем якості управління на прикладах міжнародних авіаційних заводів по випуску та ремонту авіаційних двигунів. Статья посвящена вопросам формирования системы качества управления предприятиями авиационной отрасли. Рассмотрены основные вопросы внедрений и особенности систем качества управления на примерах международных авиационных заводов по выпуску и ремонту авиационных двигателей. The article is devoted to the formation of the management of quality of aviation branch enterprises . The main question implement and features of quality management systems by factors of international aviation for the production and repair of aircraft engines.

Information quality research has been matured significantly over the last two decades whereas organizations have applied the same to a varying degree of success. This means that quality activities in organizations are not implemented properly or organizations do not understand quality issues clearly. In order to thoroughly understand the concepts of quality initiatives and implement them to information quality, review of quality concept and information quality research including dimensions and frameworks are absolutely necessary. The aim of this research is to provide general understanding of quality concept and fundamental of information quality to the organizations which pursue high quality of information continuously. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial, As empresas competitivas são aquelas que procuram a melhoria contínua nos procedimentos e processos em todas as áreas departamentais da sua organização. A gestão da cadeia de abastecimento sendo uma das áreas com grande relevância quando falamos do nível de maturidade de uma empresa, é um dos sectores onde se procura uma gestão eficiente e eficaz. A logística lean e metodologias de melhoria contínua, como o 6 Sigma, surgem então aqui com um papel fundamental para a redução de atividades que não acrescentam valor aos produtos e na otimização dos processos intrínsecos da cadeia de abastecimento de uma organização. O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar as variáveis que influenciam a qualidade e o desempenho do processo de abastecimento de matéria-prima, através de um caso de estudo, e compreender como estas influenciam o processo de modo a propor melhorias que permitam reduzir o número de não conformidades que ocorrem no mesmo. Com o objetivo de obter melhores resultados e atendendo à complexidade do problema, a metodologia 6 Sigma foi selecionada como prática a utilizar no desenvolvimento do projeto devido à sua estrutura organizada de análise de problemas e sua resolução. A utilização do DMAIC em conjunto com as ferramentas da qualidade permitiu identificar as variáveis que influenciam o processo de abastecimento de matéria-prima e definir quais as ações de melhoria a implementar para que a redução de defeitos fosse mais eficiente e eficaz. As ações implementadas permitiram reduzir o número de DPMO do processo, melhoria do serviço ao cliente (produção) e um aumento de produtividade nas áreas de supermercado e reembalamento de material., Competitive companies are those enterprises who are always looking for continuous improvement regarding processes and procedures in all areas of their departmental organization. The supply chain management is one of the areas with great impact when we speak about the maturity level of a company. An efficient and effective management is one of main goals for this area. Lean logistics and continuous improvement methodologies, such as 6 Sigma, are key subjects to reduce non added value activities and improve intrinsic processes in the supply chain of an organization. The aim of this dissertation is to identify the variables influencing the quality and performance of raw material supply process throughout a case study in order to propose improvements to reduce the number of process defects. In order to obtain better results and due to the problem complexity, 6 Sigma methodology was selected for project development because of it organized structure for problem analysis and resolution. Using DMAIC together with quality tools helped the identification of the variables that influence the raw material supply process and the definition of the improvement actions to be implemented for a more efficient and effective defect reduction. The actions implemented reduced the number of process DPMO, improved the customer service (production) and increased productivity in supermarket and repacking areas.

Veličinom rasipanja definirana je razina kvalitete određene značajke procesa ili proizvoda. Kako je mjera rasipanja u statistici standardno odstupanja σ, može se reći da je σ ujedno i mjera kvalitete. Ako razina 6σ predstavlja praktički savršen rezultat (kvalitetu) poželjno je odrediti tzv. „σ-razinu“ procesa radi procjene mogućnosti poboljšanja istog. Primjeri u ovom radu pokazuju da procjenjivanje „σ-razine“ nije samo primjena jednostavnog statističkog računa.

Članak obrađuje počela 6 sigma metodologije i njezina statistička obilježja s ciljem demistifikacije i mogućnosti praktične primjene u malim proizvodnim organizacijama. Osim toga, u članku se obrađuju i temelji metodologije 6 sigma s naglaskom na proces i projektnom pristupu.

ÖZETALTI SİGMA VE OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜNDE İSTATİSTİKSEL UYGULAMALARIAltı Sigma, 1980’lerde Motorola’nın öncüğünde ortaya çıkan, bugün ise yalnız üretimde değil finans, sağlık gibi hizmet sektörlerinde de iş sonuçlarının iyileştirilmesi amacıyla kullanılan bir yaklaşımdır. Bu tez çalışmasında da, Altı Sigma incelenmiş ve otomotiv sektöründeki gerçek bir uygulamasına yer verilmiştir.Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde Altı Sigma’nın sigma, değişkenlik gibi temel kavramları ile tarihsel gelişimine yer verilmiş, temel ilkeleri paylaşılmıştır. Ek olarak, Altı Sigma’nın faydaları ve dünya çapında çeşitli sektörlerde Altı Sigma uygulayan firmaların sağladıkları kazançlara yer verilmiştir. Altı Sigma’nın sayısal olarak ifade edilmeyen ancak işletmelere sağladığı kültürel değişim, çalışan motivasyonu gibi kalitatif faydalarına da yine bu bölümde yer verilmiştir.İkinci bölümde Altı Sigma uygulamalarındaki temel stratejilere değinilmiş, Altı Sigma yaklaşımının çözüm olarak ortaya koyduğu iki metodoloji olan TÖAIK ve DFFS metodolojileri anlatılarak özellikle öne çıkan ve daha yaygın olarak kullanılan TÖAIK döngüsü ve adımları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.Üçüncü bölümde Altı Sigma uygulamalarında en sık kullanılan araç ve yöntemlere yer verilmiştir.Dördüncü bölümde Altı Sigma uygulamalarından istenilen sonuçların elde edilebilmesi için gereken organizasyon yapısı, temel roller, bu rollerin görevleri ve sahip olmaları gereken yetkinlikler paylaşılmıştır.Son olarak, Ford Otosan A.Ş. de yapılmış bir altı sigma uygulamasına yer verilmiş, TÖAIK metodolojisine uygun olarak her adımda yapılanlar detaylıca paylaşılmıştır.ABSTRACTSIX SIGMA AND STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN AUTOMATIVE SECTORSix sigma is an approach which has started to be used in early 1980’s at Motorola’s lead and today to be used also at finance, health and service sectors beside production sector. In this thesis, six sigma has been examined specifically in service sector and gave place to an application at service sector. In the first part of the study, basic concepts of six sigma such as sigma, variability are explained and historical evaluation placed. In addition, benefits and earnings of six sigma in different sectors are explained. Also, benefits of six sigma which can not be numerically expressed such as cultural change and employee motivation are also explained in this section.In second section, basic strategies in six sigma applications are defined. DMAIC and DFSS methodologies which six sigma approach introduces as solutions are explained and especially DMAIC loop and steps are explained in details.In third section, most used tools and methods in six sigma applications are explained.In fourth section, necessary organizational structure, basic roles, responsibilities of the roles and needed competencies are shared to achieve targeted benefits in six sigma applications.Finally in the last section, a six sigma application which is done in Ford Otosan A.Ş. is explained, things done according to DMAIC methodology are detailly shared. Advantages and disadvantages encountered during application are explained in the result section.

SÜREÇ İYİLEŞTİRMEDE ALTI SİGMA YAKLAŞIMI VEOTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA(Yüksek Lisans Tezi)Zümrüt Sinem ÖZTÜRKMARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİSOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜOcak 2010ÖZETBu tezde süreç iyileştirme tekniği olan Altı Sigma yaklaşımının otomotiv sektöründe sağlayabileceği iyileştirme üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Altı Sigma, uzun vadede hata oranını bir milyon adet ürün veya hizmette 3.4 adet hatalı ürün veya hizmete indirmektedir. Bu tezde yapılan uygulamada, otomotiv sektöründeki bir işletmenin çok katlı yedek parça deposunun günümüzün koşullarına ve ihtiyaçlarına göre çok yönlü incelenerek yerleşim, kapasite kullanım ve verimlilik açısından optimize edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu uygulamada katların birbiri arasındaki ve katlar ile atölye arasındaki hareketliliği, hem atölyeye verilen hizmet hızını ve kalitesini, hem de depo personelinin verimli çalışmasını sağlamak için Altı Sigma süreç iyileştirme tekniği kullanılmıştır.SİX SİGMA APPROXIMOTION ON PROCESS IMPROVEMENTAND AN APPLICATION ON AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR(M.Sc. Thesis)Zümrüt Sinem ÖZTÜRKMARMARA UNIVERSITYINSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCESJanuary 2010ABSTRACTIn this thesis, it has been worked on amendment that Six Sigma approximation could provide in the sector of automotive. Six Sigma decreases the product or service at 3.4 faults in a million products or services on failure rate in the long term. In the application of the thesis, it was aimed that multistorey spare part depot of a business in the sector of automotive to be investigated sophisticatedly according to present conditions and demands, and to be optimized in terms of capacity usage and productivity. In this application, it has been used the Six Sigma technic of process amendment in order to provide the activities between the layers and the layers & atelier, the service ratio and quality being given the atelier, and also to work productively of depot personnel.

ÖZETALTI SİGMA FELSEFESİ – ÜNİVERSİTEDEKİ EĞİTİM SİSTEMİ İÇİN BİR UYGULAMA ÇALIŞMASI Altı Sigma yöntemi incelendiğinde, hizmet sektöründe ve özellikle eğitim alanında uygulanması zor bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada “Kalitatif Analiz” Metodu kullanılmıştır. Mevcut süreçler bu metotla belirlenmiş ve süreçlerin Altı Sigma yöntemiyle iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Bu tez çalışmasında “Altı Sigma Metodu ve Kalitatif Analiz yöntemi” birlikte incelenmiştir. İlk olarak Altı Sigma ve Kalitatif Analiz yöntemleri hakkında detaylı açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Daha sonra Altı Sigma’nın TÖAİK(Tanımlama-Ölçme-Analiz-Iyileştirme-Kontrol) metodu tanımlanmıştır. Tanımlama ve Ölçüm bölümlerinde Kalitatif Analiz yöntemi kullanılarak Marmara Üniversitesi Endüstri Mühendisliği bölümü yöneticileri ve akademik kadrosu ile bire bir karşılıklı görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu görüşmeler ile mevcut süreçler tanımlanıp değerlendirilmiş ve analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.İyileştirme kısmında sorunlu süreçlere çeşitli çözüm yolları önerilmiştir. Kontrol kısmında uygulanan çözümler için ölçme ve değerlendirmede gerekli olan veriler tanımlanmıştır. ABSTRACTSIX SIGMA PHILOSOPHY- AN APPLIED STUDY IN THE UNIVERSITY FOR EDUCATION SYSTEM The Six Sigma Method is a difficult method when it is applied in service sector, especially in education organizations. The Qualitative Analysis Methodology was primarily used while making this study. Current processes were determined with this method and improvements of processes were aimed by applying Six Sigma. In this study, the Six Sigma was researched with Qualitative Analysis Methodology. Initially, detailed explanations of “Six Sigma and Qualitative Analysis” methods were given. Then, the DMAIC Methodology, an aspect of Six Sigma, was defined. Academic staff and directors of the Marmara University Industrial Engineering Department, both faculty members and research assistants, were interviewed in Define and Measure Phases by using Qualitative Analysis Methodology. Attempts to Define, Measure and Analyze current processes were conducted via the interview process.Various solutions were suggested for problematic processes in Improve Phase. In Control Phase, applied solutions have been defined for required data to measure and to assess.

Today, the competitive environment of the knowledge age has been replaced with the competitive environment of the industrial age as the rules of the business world are changing completely. The focused issue is to reach to the knowledge as soon as possible, and to process and apply it rapidly. In this context, one of the important goals that the companies try to reach in order to achieve acceleration is the six sigma philosophy. Six sigma is a fundamental continuous improvement methodology aimed at reducing the variation and waste on processes by utilizing statistical methods and techniques efficiently. Global companies are making noteworthy profits by using this method in their processes. The six sigma methodology focuses on process excellence advantages for companies that apply it, to reach profit, to increase productivity and to have larger market share. In this paper, an application of six sigma methodology for reducing the quantity of rework parts for robotic arc welding process is given. The phases of six sigma and their results are indicated in detail. Furthermore, it is also shown how various techniques of six sigma methodology are applied to achieve financial benefits. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Kvaliteta je vrlo bitno obilježje svakog proizvoda ili usluge i predstavlja, uz cijenu i rok isporuke, mjerilo tržišne kompetencije i uspjeha poduzeća. Od ovih triju parametara u posljednje se vrijeme najviše pažnje pridaje kvaliteti. Kvaliteta je po definiciji zbroj svih karakteristika nekog proizvoda ili usluge kojima je svrha zadovoljenje očekivanja i postizanja zadovoljstva kupca ili korisnika. Prema tome, proces osiguravanja i unapređivanja kvalitete postaje sve važniji u današnjem svijetu i koristi se mnogim alatima i metodologijama u cilju smanjenja odstupanja od željenih vrijednosti i postizanja savršenstva tj. što veće razine kvalitete. Tako i metodologija "šest sigma" nastoji osigurati minimalan udio nekvalitetnih proizvoda ili usluga. U daljnjem će se tijeku ovoga rada pobliže pojasniti metodologija poboljšavanja kvalitete "šest sigma".

En una foneria d’alumini a alta pressió dedicada al sector de l’automoció es vol estudiar mitjançant la metodologia sis sigma la forma de com millorar una de les característiques d’una de les seves peces que va muntada dins d’un cinturo de seguretat. La característica es la resistència a la tracció de la peça que es testa amb un assaig amb dinamòmetre. El requeriment per part del client al realitzar l’assaig es de que es compleixi que mitjana-4sigma>=1600DaN. Es defineixen els factors que influeixen en aquesta característica i es fa una anàlisis mitjançant la tècnica del disseny d’experiments per tal de definir les condicions optimes mitjançant les quals aconseguim màxims resultats i mínima variabilitat en els resultats de l’assaig a tracció. Abans de fer l’estudi mencionat ens adonem que hi ha dos factors que podrien fer que no tinguéssim resultats comparables entre les diferents probes requerides per fer el disseny d’experiments: la variabilitat en l’assaig depenent de l’experiència de l’operari que realitza l’assaig i el temps que passa des de que la peça s’ha fos fins que es realitza l’assaig. Comprovem que hi ha variabilitat en els resultats de l’assaig depenent de l’experiència de l’operari. Per eliminar aquet factor es fa una modificació en l’útil utilitzat per fer l’assaig. Desprès de la modificació desapareix la variabilitat. D’altra banda es fa una anàlisis trencant peces en diferents moments de temps des de la fosa de les mateixes. S’arriba a la conclusió de que les peces es mantenen estables en el resultat de l’assaig a partir de les 10 hores transcorregudes des de que s’han fos. Un cop conegut això es fa el disseny d’experiments que ens permet trobar condicions optimes. Un cop es col·loquen aquests paràmetres a la producció es comprova que positivament donen resultats superiors a l’assaig a tracció. Ara be, aquests paràmetres no permeten treballar en sèrie. Es per aquesta raó que finalment es conclou que no es pot treballar nomes buscant un bon resultat d’assaig a tracció, sinó que s’ha de donar un equilibri entre aquest objectiu i el de treballar de forma continuada sense problemes. Per aquesta raó s’adopten els paràmetres trobats com a tendències a seguir a l’hora de realitzar programacions a la producció.