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Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of International Journal for Tourism, Archeology & Hospitality (IJTAH) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal for Tourism, Archeology & Hospitality (IJTAH) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal for Tourism, Archeology & Hospitality (IJTAH) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على سياسات حماية خصوصية بيانات المستفيدين في المكتبات الأكاديمية العربية والعالمية وتحليلها ودراسة التشريعات التي تحكم هذه السياسات، ودراسة الوضع الحالي في المكتبات الأكاديمية فيما يتعلق بالوعي بسياسات الخصوصية، ثم الخروج بنموذج سياسة لحماية خصوصية بيانات المستفيدين في المكتبات الأكاديمية بمصر قابلة للتطبيق. تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لحصر سياسات حماية خصوصية بيانات المستفيدين في المكتبات الأكاديمية العالمية، ودراسة الوضع الحالي للمكتبات الأكاديمية للجامعات المصرية بجمهورية مصر العربية باستخدام مجموعة من أدوات جمع البيانات من أهمها المقابلة الشخصية وقائمة المراجعة والاستبانات. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها: 1- الاستعانة بالمتخصصين في مجال المكتبات والمعلومات لما له من أهمية في رفع الوعي بمفهوم حماية خصوصية البيانات في المكتبات الأكاديمية بالجامعات المصرية. 2- إنشاء سياسات الحماية خصوصية بيانات المستفيدين بالمكتبات الأكاديمية للجامعات المصرية حيث قسم الفصل السادس مراحل إعداد السياسة إلى خمسة مراحل وهي: أولا: القواعد العامة، وثانيا: التعريفات والمصطلحات، وثالثا: الهدف أو الغرض من السياسة، ورابعا: نطاق تطبيق السياسة. وخامسا مضمون السياسة. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Current Study aimed to Develop the Egyptian Pre-university Education Quality Assurance System in Light of French Experience in this Field, and in A Way that is Compatible with the Circumstances and Culture of Egyptian Society, and to conduct A Comparative Analytical Study between the two Countries in this Field, and to present a Proposed Vision for Developing the Pre-university Education Quality Assurance System in Egypt in Light of French Experience. The Problem of the Study was identified in an Attempt to reveal the Features of the System for Quality Assurance of Pre-university Education in both Egypt and France in order to make A Comparison between the Two Systems, and to come up with A Proposed Vision for Developing the System of Quality Assurance of Pre-university Education in Egypt in Light of the French Experience, that suits the circumstances of Egyptian society. The Study used the Problem-solving Approach in Comparative Studies by Brian Holmes, which is compatible with the Nature and Objectives of the Study. It reached A Set of Results, the most Important of which are: 1- The Process of Quality Assurance of Pre-university Education is a Global Trend that all Countries of the World, both developed and developing, seek to achieve. 2- There are A Group of Bodies Responsible for Quality Assurance in Pre-university Education Institutions at all Levels and Stages of Education in Egypt and France. 3- The Pre-university Education Institutions in the Two Countries are evaluated According to Two Main Stages: the Self-evaluation Stage (Internal Review), and the External Evaluation Stage (External Review). 4- The Evaluation of Learners in the Two Countries depends on A Set of Tools and Mechanisms, Including: Tests, Performance Tasks, Attendance and Behavior, and Research Projects. 5- The two Countries are keen to conduct an Evaluation or A Set of Evaluations to Identify the Performance of Head Teacher of Pre-university Education Institutions. 6- The two Countries are keen to Evaluate the Educational Policies followed in Pre-university Education Institutions. 7- The two Countries are interested in Evaluating Teaching Practices in their Respective Pre-university Education Institutions, in order to study Different Aspects of the Teaching Profession in Different Contexts. The two Countries are interested in evaluating all Practices that take place in Pre-university Education Institutions related to the use of Modern Digital Technologies in the Educational Process within these Institutions. In light of the French Experience in the Field of Quality Assurance of Pre-university Education, the two Researchers were able to formulate A Proposed Vision that may be Useful in Developing the System of Quality Assurance of Egyptian Pre-university Education in A Way that is Compatible with the Conditions of Egyptian Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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هدفت هذه الدراسة إلي التعرف علي مدي جاهزية مكتبات مصر العامة لدعم الاستراتيجية الوطنية للذكاء الاصطناعي، فضلاً عن دورها في دعم السياسات والاستراتيجيات الوطنية الأخري بمصر، واعتمدت الدراسة علي المنهج المسحي الميداني لحصر مكتبات مصر العامة بكافة فروعها، بالإضافة إلي المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لوصف الوضع الحالي للمكتبات ومدي جاهزيتها من ناحية الموارد البشرية والمادية والميزانية والأنشطة والخدمات التي تقدمها من أجل دعم وتعزيز استراتيجة مصر الوطنية للذكاء الاصطناعي، واستخدمت الدراسة قائمة المراجعة كأداة لجمع المعلومات والبيانات الدقيقة في ذلك، وأجريت المقابلات مع مدراء ومسئولي مكتبات مصر العامة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلي عدد من النتائج أهمها: ضعف البنية التحتية اللازمة للمكتبات محل الدراسة لدعم وتعزيز الاستراتيجية الوطنية للذكاء الاصطناعي، تُساهم مكتبات مصر العامة في تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة واستراتيجية مصر الرقمية، كما أنها تُساهم في دعم الاستراتيجية الوطنية للذكاء الاصطناعي من خلال توفير مصادر المعلومات اللازمة للمستفيدين في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي؛ ومن أبرز ما قدمته الدراسة البرنامج المقترح لتعزيز دور المكتبات في دعم الاستراتيجية الوطنية للذكاء الاصطناعي بالدولة.

This study aims to elucidate the unofficial Arab stance encapsulated in the partisan perspective regarding the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty from 1977 to 1979 AD. The culmination of this treaty played a significant role in the emergence of the Arab partisan movement on the Arab stage. It generated an unparalleled Arab upheaval that resonated deeply with the sentiments of Arab populations across various regions. The significance of this study lies in its approach to examining the unofficial (popular) Arab viewpoint through a range of Arabic documents and diverse sources. The author of this study tries to clarify the process of concluding the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty (1977-1979 AD) and to discern the Arab response at an informal level, specifically through the Arab partisan standpoint. This involves delineating the stances of political parties across their various factions. This will be achieved through a thorough examination, analysis, and scrutiny of relevant data. The study identifies the emergence of the Arab opposition movement, which permeated the popular sentiment by manifesting itself in various forms. This was particularly evident in Arab political parties, many of which viewed Egyptian President Muhammad Anwar Sadat's initiative as a betrayal of the Palestinian cause, solidifying Israeli and American influence in the Arab region, and shattering the aspirations for the establishment of a Palestinian state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims atrevisiting, with a view to rebutting, the widespread belief, especially in the West, that the 2010-11 outbursts of popular protests that shook the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region were revolutions. By examining these crises, named the ‘’Arab Spring’’, through an analytical lens, hence,it seeks to conclusively demonstrate their unrevolutionary nature. To this end, it inescapably draws on key criteria accumulated from the revised ‘Theory of Revolution’ to gauge the essence of the uprisings. The appraisal, precisely, focuses exclusively on Egypt and Tunisia, the only two countries where regime change materialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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تناول التراث الشعبی ظاهرة اللصوصیة التی مثلها فئة من المجتمع المصری الَّتی أُطلق علیهم تسمیات عدیدة منها: الصعالیک، والشطَّار، والعیَّار، والفتیان، والزعَّار، والعیَّاق، والحرافیش وأَصحاب المهن المحقرة وأَشباههم من المعدمین والفقراء والجیاع والعاطلین عن العمل الذین طحنهم الفقر وأعجزتهم البطالة، بسبب سوء تدبیر الزعماء الحکام، وقد جمع بینهم تاریخیًا واجتماعیًا فی دائرة اجتماعیة منبوذة طبقیًا واجتماعیًا، فهی فئة تعیش على هامش المجتمع، فی حالة صراع المجتمع الذی رفضهم فما کان منهم إِلَّا أَنَّهم رفضوا واقعهم المریر، وتمرَّدوا على مجتمعهم، وحاولوا القیام بالثورة للتأثیر فی تلک المجتمعات؛ لینالوا بأسلوب غیر شرعی ما یتصورون أَنَّه حق شرعی لهم، فی عصر سلطنة الممالیک عندما حاولوا، فرض واقعهم على المجتمع.

هدفت الدراسة إلى قياس الوعي الاقتصادي لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية حول الاستهلاك الاقتصادي وأهمية دعم السلع المحلية في مصر من خلال استخدام المنهج التجريبي. حيث اشتملت عينة الدراسة على مجموعتين من طلاب مدارس المتفوقين للعلوم والتكنولوجيا بمصر احدهما تجريبية والأخري ضابطة. وقد تم تطبيق برنامجاً للوعى الاقتصادي من خلال مكتبة المدرسة وأنشطتها وقياس أثر تطبيق هذا البرنامج على العينة التجريبية من خلال الاختبار التحصيلى للجانب المعرفي للاستهلاك الاقتصادي والعوامل المؤثرة عليه وسلبياته، وتوصلت الدراسة في نتائجها إلى أنه توجد فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى 0.05 في العينة التجريبية لصالح تطبيق البرنامج التجريبي . بينما لا توجد فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة 0.05 في العينة الضابطة التي لم تحصل على البرنامج . كما وجدت الدراسة وجود فروقاً دالة بين المجموعة الضابطة و التجريبية بعد تطبيق البرنامج. وفيما يلي أبرز التوصيات التي تضمنتها الدراسة: ضرورة قيام المكتبة المدرسية بتفعيل دورها في تنمية الوعى الاقتصادى لدى الطلاب من خلال برامج تتضمن أنشطة ومسابقات اقتصادية خاصه بالمكتبة تقوم على التعلم الذاتى والبحث والتقصي والاستكشاف والتعلم التعاوني والتكليفات والمناقشات بين الطلاب. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Accounting & Auditing (2314-4793) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current research aimed to identify the most important areas of development of technical and vocational secondary education in contemporary educational literature, and to examine the current situation of vocational secondary education in Finland and France, as well as the current situation of technical and vocational secondary education in Egypt in light of the influential cultural forces and factors, and to present a proposed vision for the development of technical and vocational secondary education. in Egypt in accordance with the cultural context of Egyptian society, and relied on the entrance to the problem of Brian Holmes In comparative studies, and its most prominent results are the absence of a law on technical and vocational secondary education, incentive policies for the participation of the private sector, the lack of appropriately qualified and well-trained teachers, and the absence of vocational guidance as well as the necessary legislation for the transition from vocational education to public education, which reduces the societal view of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

يرصد هذا الباب أبرز الوثائق السياسية ذات الصلة بالتحول الديمقراطي في الوطن العربي. وفي هذا العدد، الذي نرصد فيه وثائق شــهري أيار/ مايو وحزيران/ يونيو ،2023 ننشــر وثيقتين من تونس ومصر. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

يتضّمّن هذا التقرير توثيًًقا ألبرز محطات التحول الديمقراطي في الوطن العربي في المدة 1 أيار/ مايو - 30 حزيران/ يونيو . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)