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Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education Sciences & Psychology is the property of Internet Academy, Registered Union and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Темой данной критики является сборник «Индивидуальные и коллективные идентичности» серии публикаций Славянской историко-филологической ассоциации, которая имеет большое значение для венгерской русистики, так как обеспечивает учёных регулярной платформой с ежегодными конференциями. В трех основных главах книги идентичность рассматривается в разных контекстах – с исторической, культурной и литературной точек зрения. По этой причине мы можем сказать, что данный сборник выделяется междисциплинарным характером, разнообразием подходов к теме, и служит полезным ресурсом для тех, кто занимается проблемами идентичности.

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The paper studies a genesis of the ship image in the Russian literature and folklore, an idea of “other kingdom” in the Russian literature poetics of the 19-20 centuries. An emphasis is put on the issues related to the metaphor of a ship, a boat in the artistic world of Lermontov, Turgenev, Dostoevsky and in the poetry of the early 20th century. A paradigm “the Moon - boat” is studied in detail. The image of a boat, which regularly appears in Russian literature, various word-painters’ art works, is associated with semantics of funeral ceremonial boat typical for different folk genres. Addressing to riddles about death, toRussian epic tradition, to plots dedicated to Razin demonstrates complexity and significance of the symbol of a boat/ferry/ship for the national culture. This symbol encapsulates the supreme idea of death as cosmic regeneration, character’s initiation, which appeared highly sought by Russian literature, both realistic prose and avantgarde and modernism poetry.

The article presents the methods of publication, distribution and reading of “tamizdat” works, which were banned for publication in the USSR. The article describes the legal aspects that took place during the era of totalitarian state in the 60-80s the XX century, as well as the influence of legislation on the authors and recipients of “tamizdat” literature. Being published outside of the totalitarian state, the works were spread in the USSR in the form of “tamizdat” books through copies, photographs, etc. A unique method of obtaining information was implemented, i.e. a “samizdat–tamizdat–samizdat” circuit. In addition, this article contains definition examples of the term “tamizdat” proposed by witnesses of the period under study. The author proposes versions of the scientific definition of “tamizdat”, which appeared and was applied in Russia since the late 50s of the XX century, influencing the modern literary and publishing process. Purpose. The article is devoted to the issue of censorship and publication of prohibited literature, as being quite topical in the modern political and economic conditions. The subject of the analysis are the works of Soviet writers published abroad. The author aims to reveal and define the concept of “tamizdat” literature. Methods and methodology. The basis of the research is formed by the following bibliological methods: historical-typological and analytical-thematic, as well as the systematic approach. Results. The results of the work are that the author explores the repertoire and methods of prohibited works publishing. The author proposes hypotheses and formulations of the term “tamizdat” and proves that this concept should be distinguished from the concept of “literature of the Russian expatriate community”. The scope of the results. The results of the research can be applied in the field of studying the history of literary studies, domestic and foreign publishing, its development.

Since the re-admission of the Republic of Serbia to the United Nations (UN), members of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the Serbian Armed Forces (SAF) have been engaged in multinational operations (MnOps). All countries which send their members to MnOps timely undertake measures so that individuals intended to participate in MnOps learn about the dangers of explosive devices, and prepare themselves for safe life and work in MnOps. One of the measures taken is to produce a brochure or a manual to help members of MnOps learn about the dangers of explosives in the particular territory and about general procedures in the event of encountering such danger.The main problem is the lack of literature as the essence of the training process and the preparation of individuals referred to MnOps. The paper combines the currently available literature with the experience of MoD and SAF members as well as foreign armed forces members previously engaged in MnOps regarding the preventive measures for safe and healthy work with explosives i.e. with a special kind of explosives - improvised explosive devices. / После повторного приема Республики Сербия в Организацию Объединенных Наций (ООН) сотрудников Министерства обороны (МО) и Вооруженных сил Сербии (ВСС) привлекают к участию в многонациональных операциях (МнОп). Все страны мира, прежде чем отправить своих сотрудников в МнОп, предпринимают все возможные меры, по их подготовке в предотвращении опасности от взрывных устройств, а также по подготовке безопасного проживания и работы во время МнОп. Одной из таких мер является публикация проспектов и инструкций по безопасности, с которыми члены МнОп должны ознакомиться, в цели предотвращения угрозы для их жизней и здоровья, во время работы со взрывчатыми веществами на территории МнОп. Главная проблема в том, что не существует соответствующая литература, применяемая в учебном процессе и подготовке лиц, задействованных в МнОп. В статье представлен обзор, имеющейся в настоящее время литературы и опыта МО и ВСС и иностранных вооруженных сил, участвовавших в МнОп, а также рекомендации профилактических мер по безопасной для жизни и здоровья работы с взрывчатыми веществами и самодельными взрывными устройствами. / Nakon ponovnog prijema Republike Srbije u Ujedinjene nacije (UN) pripadnici Ministarstva odbrane (MO) i Vojske Srbije (VS) angažuju se u multinacionalnim operacijama (MnOp). Sve države sveta čiji se pripadnici upućuju u MnOp pravovremeno preduzimaju mere da se oni upoznaju sa opasnostima od eksplozivnih sredstava i pripremaju ih za bezbedan život i rad. Jedna od mera koje se preduzimaju jeste i izrada brošura ili priručnika kojima se pripadnici MnOp-a upoznaju sa opasnostima od eksplozivnih sredstava i opštim postupcima u slučaju nailaska na njih. Naime, osnovni problem predstavlja nedostatak literature kao osnove procesa obuke, odnosno pripreme lica koja se upućuju u 5 MnOp. Članak predstavlja pregled trenutno raspoložive literature i iskustava pripadnika MO i VS i stranih oružanih snaga koji su bili angažovani u MnOp-u, a u vezi sa preventivnim merama za bezbedan i zdrav rad sa eksplozivnim sredstvima, odnosno jednom posebnom vrstom ovih sredstava – improvizovanim eskplozivnim napravama.

Copyright of Wroclawskie Studia Wschodnie is the property of Wroclaw University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Doxa / Doksa is the property of I. I. Mechnikov Odessa National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the benefits of introducing the Biblical study in the school on the learners' literary interpretive competences. This study as a part of literature classes, although its place is not precise enough, and the number of hours provided for it is not enough, is important for the Bulgarian education after decades of silence about the existence of Biblical themes, images, and motifs. The paper points out that teaching should focus not only on the study of the Bible but on the way certain Biblical elements function in other works as well as practical examples with intertextual links and references are given. The paper emphasizes the importance of Biblical knowledge for cultural growth and shaping aesthetic taste of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction of the World leads to a rethinking of the idea of man - his place in human society, his own - foreign, the notions of the ideal man, fate, love, happiness, the notions of time and space, near and far, civilized and barbaric. Wandering, traveling - in a variety of semantic roles, pictorial solutions and functions - are present in the works of verbal art of all eras. By analyzing the semantizations of road and journey in works from the distant and recent past, contemporary scholars have come to a full understanding of worldviews and traditions, of thinking and imagination, modeled by and modeled by the respective cultures. Cultural space has a semiotic life - it creates a sustainable idea of order. Tradition sets the norm to which new forms are exposed in order to rethink established aesthetic notions. In the study, the topos of THE ROAD and TRAVEL, created and established in the literary and artistic canon of antiquity, preserved in the bowels of folk culture and adopted by European and in particular Bulgarian culture (from the Renaissance to the first half of the XXI century), are compared with the "journey" of the educational content in the cultural field Bulgarian language and literature. The purpose of the text is to study typological similarities between the topos of THE ROAD and TRAVEL in the European literary canon and their exposure in the curricula of Bulgarian language and literature, set as a State educational standard. The subject of research are WRITTEN texts emblematic for the indicated cultural epochs and their inclusion in the State educational standard in the cultural-educational field Bulgarian language and literature. Road and travel are concepts that are overgrown with multiple symbolic meanings, so that their literary existence is far from being restricted to works that represent genuine journeys. A journey can be seen as a kind of metaphor: as a path to God, a path to success, a path to fall, a path to oneself, and so on. When we refer to this type of "strange" travel, a state of activity is presented again - the human will-aspiration to a spiritual or social "topos". Human being in the World is too plastic. The idea of a person's position in the World, as well as the artistic reflections of this idea, are specific for different cultural periods. The change of the inhabited world is connected with the change of ideas about the world, and about the person in it. In this sense, the sociocultural existence of man is obviously different from the Greek classical polis, from the times of the Roman Empire, from the Renaissance or from the eighteenth century, who formulated the claim that the individual is placed in "the best of all possible worlds." Through the literature of the social critique of the nineteenth, the realism of the twentieth and the digital transformation of travel and education in the first half of the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present paper, we set our goal to analyze the usage of dialectics in "Glory of the Empire" of Jean D'Ormesson as a weapon against the very idea of Platonic and Hegelian dialectics. Our main thesis is that D'Ormesson projects the dialectics in a formal logical space, which creates artificial contradictions and inconsistencies, which are object to his satire. This is the reason some parts of his critique towards historiography and religion to be inconsistent themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature and cinema are arts that interact closely and create productive dialogues. The purpose of the text is to outline the common cultural fields and differences in the artistic world of the two arts, highlighting the specific artistic means and aesthetic mechanisms through which ideological and emotional suggestions are achieved. On the basis of comparison, the fictional character of the two arts is clarified; the relationship between reality and conditionality is observed, the role of different artistic effects in achieving suggestive effect is traced. The text presents the various elements and dramatic structure of the storyline in the movie Avalanche, in comparison with the initial experience of the characters, as revealed in the literary text - Blaga Dimitrova's novel Avalanche. Analogies were sought in the aesthetic mechanisms through which the dramatic nature of the experience and the spiritual transformation of the characters were addressed. The text includes analytical observations on the problems, ideological and emotional suggestions and poetics of the two works; outlines basic psychological types and behavioral patterns. The choice of characters expresses a breakthrough in the motonous rhythm of everyday life, a departure from the stereotypes of prudence, which for them are identical to impersonal programmed life. Their quest for the top is an expression of the human impulse towards the spiritual and the starting point for the tragic path of self-realization. An attempt has been made to elucidate identification mechanisms in the attempt to solve basic existential problems. The identity crisis caused by the extreme situation and the immediate encounter with death necessitates a change of perspective. The different view point outlines another value system, other priorities, a different understanding of oneself, another measure of things in life. In a sense, it is a "accomplished will for difference", awakening of latent energies and self-renewal experienced by the pain of thawing. The process of realizing personal contradictions is dramatic, painful, but also loaded with therapeutic energy. It is an attempt to preserve the sensibility of the characters and to achieve their spiritual maturity and relevance to the world. The symbolism of the journey to the top is conceived as a vision of human metamorphoses - an expression of a purely spiritual potential and a projection of the eternal human desire for self-improvement, self-knowledge and freedom. The tragedy of the narration exposes the philosophical and psychological insights of the authors with exceptional artistic mastery and turns their works into emblematic achievements of the two arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main task of the article is an attempt to understand the relationship between such processes as literary transligualism and cultural revitalization. The authors conclude that the national imagined needs adequate ways of representation by the tools of the dominant language. As the result this language is not only transforming, but also promoting the renewal of culture, “speaking” through it.

The relevance of the article is determined by the insufficient knowledge of the problem, connected with the use of graphic-symbolic analysis of a literature text in the system of teaching Russian of foreigners. The purpose of the article is to determine the linguistic and cultural potential of the semiotic approach to the teaching of the Russian language of foreigners using literature text. As the educational material is the author’s method of graphic-symbolic analysis of the literature text, which is based on the use of the main provisions of semiotics, mnemonics, ergonomics, and the introduction of a new concept of “symbolic words” in the system of vocabulary and graphic symbols based on the poem by N.V. Gogol’s “Mertvie dushi” The teaching of the Russian language of foreigners on the basis of a literature text will enable them to better understand the history, philosophy of the studied language, Russian culture and literature, and contribute to its more effective assimilation. Author’s method of teaching Russian to foreigners is designed to determine the effectiveness of its use in the educational process at different stages of teaching Russian oа foreigners.

XVI- XVII centuries were the «golden age» in the history of Spanish culture, which was largely due to the translation. Through translation into Spanish literature, the motifs and forms of lyrical and epic poetry, the themes of ancient and Italian plays, the knightly and pastoral novel, the novel genre have penetrated. The translation allowed the Spaniards to get acquainted with the ideas of humanists from di erent countries of Western and Central Europe. The translation contributed to the enrichment of the Spanish language.

The article focuses on philology as a scientific and educational project realized at the Institute of Philology and History of the Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH). The most important impetus to the creation and subsequent development of philological education in the RSUH was the idea of the fruitfulness of the comparative approach to the content of the educational process and to the research work supplying this content as well as the necessity to actualize the logic of the «general and special» in the formation of ideas about the development of culture and civilization. The institutionalization of comparative studies as a complex specialization - not only for philologists but also for historians, translators, theatre and cinema critics and experts - has already proven its heuristic value and educational effectiveness over the years.

Рассматриваются место и роль культурологической советологии в системе западногерманского остфоршунга в период с 1945 по 1990 г. Сделан вывод о том, что внимание к феноменам социалистической культуры СССР, в первую очередь к художественной литературе, было обусловлено дефицитом достоверных источников о развитии идеологического противника в рамках холодной войны, стремлением к выявлению скрытых тенденций социально-политического развития СССР, расцветом социальной истории, культурным поворотом в социогуманитарных исследованиях и интересом политической элиты и широких слоев населения ФРГ к «экзотической» советской культуре. Тематизируется институциональное оформление культурологической советологии, обозначившееся концентрацией исследований этого профиля на кафедрах славистики и восточноевропейской истории, а также в специализированных научно-исследовательских организациях.

В данной статье рассматривается роль чтения в формировании географических представлений школьников, обобщается практический опыт учителей географии, литературы и начальной школы. Основное внимание в работе акцентируется на возможности использования отрывков художественных произведений на уроках окружающего мира и географии в школе. Авторами была проанализирована программа по литературному чтению и литературе начальной, основной и старшей школы, проведен анализ наличия географического содержания в произведениях российских и зарубежных авторов и возможности использования данных произведений в формировании географических представлений школьников. В качестве исследовательской задачи была определена попытка использовать художественные произведения как приемы и методы формирования географических представлений учащихся в урочной и внеурочной деятельности, а также определить, каким требованиям для этого должны соответствовать такие произведения. В статье обосновывается идея о том, что преподавание географии как учебного предмета, формирующего целостное представление о мире, невозможно без использования художественных произведений. Через описания географических объектов, явлений и процессов, содержащихся в художественных произведениях, авторы прослеживают у школьников формирование географического образа территории, понимание географических процессов и явлений, соотнесение географического пространства, описанного в книге, с реально существующими объектами, познание географического прошлого территории посредством исторической географии и наоборот. В статье отмечается, что использование отрывков художественных произведений в рамках уроков географии или окружающего мира может стать началом реализации межпредметного проекта. Обосновывается мысль о том, что использование художественных произведений на уроках географии и окружающего мира в системе приводит к тому, что учащиеся начинают интересоваться чтением приключенческой литературы, у них повышается познавательная активность, расширяется кругозор. Авторы приходят к выводу, что роль чтения художественных произведений при изучении географии довольно велика. Это и расширение кругозора школьников, и формирование ярких образов географических явлений и объектов, и формирование стремления к познанию мира, путешествиям, и знакомство с самыми разными профессиями.

Copyright of Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry / Glasnik Šumarskog Fakulteta is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nova škola is the property of University of East Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulgarian Language & Literature / Bulgarski Ezik i Literatura is the property of Az Buki National Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined the status of technology integration in teaching literature in the major in Pedagogy of Bulgarian and Foreign Language Teaching (English, French, Romanian), *Angel Kunchev* University of Ruse, Silistra Branch. The University of Ruse has a working platform for distance learning. It has uploaded WEB-based courses in various disciplines. “Pedagogy of Bulgarian and Foreign Language Teaching” is not a specialty accredited for distance learning. The practical training of students in the specialty "Pedagogy of Bulgarian and Foreign Language Teaching" takes place in the schools of Silistra and the district - primary schools, specialized high schools, vocational high schools. These schools are equipped with state-of-the-art technological tools to conduct the learning process. This report presents the results of a study of the university-student-student (student) relation and the student-teacherstudent (student) (relate) relationship regarding the use / non-use of IT technology in the teaching process - at university and at school, in teaching literature. In terms of quantity, the study group is below the standard of a sociological survey. A mixed methodology involving two sets of questionnaires, classroom observation, structured interviews and a case study were used to collect data from 6 university professors, 11 mentoring teachers and 22 trainee teachers. The findings concluded that technology has a positive impact on trainee teachers and students’ engagement in learning literature. Despite the highly positive attitudes towards technology integration reported by teachers and students, traditional techniques are still dominant when teaching literature. University professors have a mixed attitude towards integrating IT technologies into the teaching process. Some of them use technology ergonomically - they have WEB-based courses in the disciplines they teach. They use the INTERNET daily in the learning process. Others use information uploaded to the Internet for self-study, but believe that the introduction of technology in an hour distracts students and students. They consider participation in - Web binaries "frivolous", Web publications – worthless. Тhe study calls for providing the necessary equipment and young university professorsр training programs regarding technology integration by the institution to enable both the students - future teachers to cope with the challenges of the 21st century’s rapidly evolving world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work is related to the creation of new models of teaching and leads to new knowledge about processes and phenomena in pedagogical science. In our work we analyze both current educational and delicate ideological problem accompanied with scientific and practical application reliability. Identifying the specifics in the ethics of young people, verification of model work and approbation in educational work in Bulgarian language and literature is an important point of the overall personal development of young people. We use a theoretical framework that we draw from research, adapt and correct it according to the results of the experiment. The concept of the lesson is oriented towards the formation of competence. In the exhibition we present the capabilities of each of the tools for personal development; creativity and teamwork: communication via Internet; the role of the presentations and associative tasks; place the tools for effectiveness in the educational process. The implementation of the control unit tools plays an important role in reporting achievements and creativity. In conducting a productive dialogue with students, we take into account the role of the teacher's charisma by creating opportunities for trust, mutual understanding and respect for students in relation to the teacher. The conclusions from the conducted research are important and reveal the relevance and reliability of the applied methods and techniques in the literary-educational discourse. Students which are studying longer and using interactive methods and techniques, are providing more deep and reasoning answers. Their depth and analyticity depend on their participation in different forms of work, using both traditional methods and techniques, as well as interactive ones. The participants are placed in the same conditions and have the choice of participation. The positive role of creative education and development through the proposed model of literature learning has been taken into account. In conclusion based on our data we offer our understanding about the role of the work instruments in the educational process in Bulgarian language and literature students in terms of multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slavica Litteraria is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Whether we see citation as retelling the words of others, as paraphrasing or summarizing someone's ideas or attitudes in order to confirm their own insight or argue with different opinions, or just directing readers to related works, it requires a clear and detailed bibliographic description of the source. This includes rules that provide information on the bibliographic unit. These rules vary from one to another citation style. The choice of style depends on the scientific discipline, the rules prescribed by journals, scientific publications, and the collections of works in which the articles are to be published, or the affinities of the authors themselves. This paper presents changes in the citation of different types of material and sources published in the seventeenth edition of the Chicago style of source citation, with practical examples. The Editorial Board of Čitalište: A Scientific Journal for Theory and Practice of Librarianship decided to apply Notes and Bibliography style (i. e. Humanities style), in accordance with the practice applied in journals dealing with library and information activity worldwide. This work presents the ways of citing different library and information material and sources which are most often used as referential literature in scientific or professional articles. As can be seen from the new Guidelines, Chicago style of source citation has undergone significant changes compared to previous editions. Much more attention is given to electronic sources and content created in different social media. This is a consequence of the development of information and communication technologies and the influence of the media on all segments of life, including the scientific research. Chicago style of source citation takes over the supremacy in the field of scientific research in humanities. In the Act on Editing Journals of the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, it is listed as one of the styles supported by the leading international databases for evaluation, as well as by the Serbian Citation Index. Therefore, knowing its rules is very important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The huge research, educational, publishing and social activities of Prof. Marin Drinov played a major role in the development of the education, literature and culture of Bulgaria after the liberation. As the first Minister of Education in the Principality of Bulgaria, he had a particularly important contribution to the creation of a large-scale educational program aimed at solving strategic educational tasks, and in doing that M. Drinov used his knowledge of European experience in this field. He prepared the Provisional Statute for Public Schools, issued on August 29, 1878, in which he set out his views on the school structure, the goals of the different educational levels, the content of the curricula, their management, staffing and maintenance. The schools established during the Revival Period in Karlovo, were rebuilt after the Liberation and developed according to the new realities, but this was done through overcoming many difficulties, regardless of the leading role and financial support of the state. People who donated for education helped significantly for the development of the city’s education. After the Liberation of Karlovo, thanks to the care of the city government, the Karlovo community and the generous donor gestures of the Karlovo benefactors, the educational network continued to exist, abiding all the normative requirements and regulations, and developed according to the legislative changes in post-liberation Bulgaria in the field of education. Many of them are based on the principles of the Provisional Statute for Public Schools, drafted by Prof. Marin Drinov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulgarian Language & Literature / Bulgarski Ezik i Literatura is the property of Az Buki National Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the article was the review of the existing literature about the questions of vocal physiology, practice of voice training and functional voice box' disorders, the arising defects which have the beginning singers. The methodology - the general scientific method and overview approach which helps to disclose the problems of the material's statement quality in the literature about the questions of voice box' physiology were used, and to analyze the scientific works of the famous voice teachers, physiologists, and doctors in the phoniatrics' industry. The scientific novelty of the work consists of knowledge expansion about the questions of the voice box' physiology, voice defects and the methods of their elimination. Сonclusions: the study of the acoustic and physiological singing characteristics, the best-known voice flaws, not only does broaden knowledge and understanding of the singing technology, but has, first of all, practical meaning for singers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prilikom upotrebe minsko-eksplozivnih sredstava za rušenje elemenata, materijala i objekata jako je bitna organizacija izvođenja radova prilikom pripreme i u toku izvođenja samog rušenja. Za izvođenje ovih radova u Vojsci Srbije postoje specijalizovane i namenske jedinice. Radi se o jedinicama jedne od specijalnosti u okviru roda inžinjerije, pionirske specijalnosti, koje egzistiraju u okviru inžinjerijskih bataljona, odnosno brigada KoV. Organizacija inžinjerijskih radova zapravo predstavlja iznalaženje najcelishodnijeg rešenja u pogledu upotrebe pokretnih stvari, ali i naprezanja ljudstva, pri rušenju konkretnog objekta – deonice puta. Pri tome veliki problem predstavlja literatura, a posebno norme za izvođenje radova, jer izuzev nekoliko skripti za internu upotrebu, sve se svodi na literaturu iz sedamdesetih ili početak osamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Posebno je razrađena primena mera zaštite prilikom upotrebe eksploziva. / When using explosive ordnance for the demolition of elements, materials and facilities, organization is very important in the preparation of works as well as during demolition itself. In the Army of Serbia, for this kind of works, there are specialized expert units within Land Forces engineering battalions or brigades. The organization of the engineering work given in the article is a purposeful solution, regarding the use of movable property and stress imposed on people as well, when performing demolition of a concrete structure - road section. Lack of literature is a big drawback, especially lack of norms for demolition works. Except for some unofficial lectures for internal use, most of the literature dates back to the seventies or early eighties. A special emphasis in this paper is given to the application of protective measures in the use of explosives. / В процессе применения минно-взрывных средств для сноса элементов, материалов и объектов значительным фактором является организация производства работ, как при подготовке, так и в самом процессе сноса и демонатажа. Демонтаж с применением минно-взрывных устройств входит в профессиональные обязанности специализированных частей ВСРС, таких как дорожностроительные и дорожно-технические взводы, входящие в состав инженерного батальона, то есть бригады КоВ. Организазация инженерных работ, описанных в статье представляет собой поиск самых оптимальных решений, касательно как материальных, так и человеческих ресурсов, задействованных в производстве демонтажных работ конкретного объекта – участка дороги. Одной из проблем данной области является научная литература, особенно техническая, определяющая стандарты и нормы по производству работ. Проблема заключается в том, что за исключением нескольких экземпляров пояснительных записок, подавляющее большинство литературы опубликовано в 70-80-ые годы прошлого века. В работе особое внимание уделено правилам безопасности при взрывных работах.