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The purpose of the study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of Prednisolon, Danazol and Testosteron propionate in the treatment of 45 dogs with IMHA and IMT. All dogs were selected from dogs diagnosed IMHA and IMT at the Uludag University Faculty of Veternary Medicine, Internal Medicine Clinic, 2003 and 2007 years comprised the animal population of the study. Clinical, biochemical and hematological examination were performed to all dogs during 3 weeks. Dogs in the present study were divided into 3 groups which consisted of 15 dogs. Group I received prednisolone at immunosuppressive doses. Group II received Danazol and also group III received testosterone propionate. The mainly manifesting disturbances in presentation were exercise intolerans, pale mucous membranes, icterus, hemoglobinuria, petechiae and ecchymosis, melena and epistaxis. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly higher in group I and II compared with group III at the end of treatment (P=0.05). Thrombocyte counts were within normal reference limits in group I and II at the end of the therapy. In conclusion in this study, despite the normal response to conventional treatment, prednisolone therapy and danazol as synthetic androgen, it was deterimined that there were no anticipated effects by testosterone propionate for treatment of AIHA in dogs. Bu çalışma Prednisolon, Danazol ve Testosteron propionate’ın İmmun ilişkili anemi (İHA) ve immun ilişkili trombositopenili (İT) 45 köpeğin tedavisindeki etkinliğinin belirlenmesi ve karşılatırılması amacıyla yapıldı. Bütün köpekler 2003–2007 yılları arasında Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Kliniğiinde İHA ve İT taısı konan köpekler arasından seçildi. Bütün köpeklere ait klinik, hematolojik ve biyokimyasal muayeneler 3 hafta boyunca yapıldı. Çalışmada kullanılan köpekler her biri 15 köpekten oluşan 3 gruba ayrıldı; 1. Gruba immunsupresif dozajda prednisolone uygulandı. 2. Gruba Danazol ve 3. Gruba testoterone propionate uygulandı. Köpeklerde ilk muayene sonuçları arasında solgun mukoz membranlar, ikterus, hemoglobinüri, peteşi, ekimoz, melena ve epistaksis saptandı. Hemoglobin ve hematkrit düzeyleri tedavi sonunda 3. grup hayvanlara göre 1. ve 2. gruptaki hayvanlarda istatistiki olarak daha yüksek olarak saptandı (P=0.05) Trombosit sayısı tedavinin sonunda 1. ve 2. Gruptaki hayvanlarda normal sınırlar içindeydi. Sonuç olarak, prednisolone ve danazol uygulamaları tedavide etkili olurken, testosterone propionate tedavisde etkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Outbreak of malignant oedema in sheep following vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid

Three dogs, which had either had endosulfan applied, for ectoparasitic control, or ingested endosulfan-contaminated food, had been referred with the signs of tonic-clonic convulsions, disorientation and dyspnoea, or vomiting, abdominal pain and respiratory distress. Fever, hypothermia and tachypnoea were also detected. Neutrophilic leukocytosis was observed in all dogs and serum biochemical analyses revealed increased levels of total protein, globulin and glucose. Treatment included administration of electrolyte solutions, diazepam and atropine. The dogs completely recovered within 12 to 72 hours. The clinical signs observed in these cases suggest that endosulfan poisoning should be taken into consideration during the diagnostic work-up of dogs suffering from vomiting, tonic-clonic convulsions, disorientation and respiratory dysfunction.

In 2007, an outbreak of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) occurred in Turkey. On the basis of clinical investigation, 41 cattle were suspected to have EHD. Reverse transcription-PCR and sequence analyses indicated that the virus belonged to EHD virus serotype 6, thus confirming EHD virus infection of cattle in Turkey. UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (BBS/E/I/00001144) UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (BBS/E/I/00001159) UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (BBS/E/I/00001446)

Summary Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of routine haematological, serum iron and iron binding capacity analyses in cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Material and methods: Thirty-eight cows were included in the study. An ELISA for MAP, intradermal Johnin test and microscopic examination of the animals faecal smears for acid fast organisms were performed. According to the results 19 cows (4–8 years old) were found positive and 19 cows (4–7 years old) from the same herd were negative and served as control group. In all cows routine haematological values as well as serum iron level and iron binding capacity were evaluated. Results: When compared with control animals, routine haematological values including haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte counts were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in positive cows. Also serum iron level (p < 0.01) and iron binding capacity (p < 0.01) were significantly lower in positive cows than in the control group. Conclusion: As a result, these parameters can be important for the mechanism of the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis.

Summary Objective: Description of clinical, biochemical and haematological changes in Saanen goat kids post-exposure to a naturally occurring heat stroke. Material and methods: The experimental group consisted of goats of different age (1–4 months) and sex (8 males, 12 females) with an average weight of 7.2 ± 3.1 kg. Twenty clinically healthy, three to four months old, Saanen goat kids (sex-ratio 1:1) were used as a control. The average body weight in this group was 9.4 ± 2.6 kg. Case history, clinical signs, and results of haematology and blood biochemistry were documented in all goat kids. Results: Most common findings were hyperthermia, ataxia, muscle tremor and depression. Increased serum urea, creatinine, potassium and plasma lactate concentrations as well as an increase in aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activity were observed in goats post-exposure to heat stroke when compared to the control group. Two goat kids died despite supportive treatment. Physical and biochemical blood parameters improved following treatment. Conclusion: This is the first study on heat stroke in Saanen goat kids. Heatstroke may be fatal in Saanen goat kids, despite appropriate treatment, and may lead to secondary complications. Plasma lactate concentration seems to be a reliable indicator for the prognosis of heat stroke in goat kids.

Objective To determine the clinical efficacy of subconjunctival injection of clindamycin in the treatment of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Animals studied Clinically, out of 81 animals examined, 46 were found to be suffering from IBK of variable severity. The ocular secretions were collected and cultured for Moraxella bovis. The study included 36 Holstein cattle from which M. Bovis was isolated. These animals ranged between 4 and 28 months of age. Procedures The severity of the clinical findings were scored as normal, mild, moderate, and severe. Clindamycin was injected subconjunctivally at a total dose of 150 mg (1 mL), once daily for 3 days to the test group (n = 18); isotonic saline solution (1 mL) was administered to the control group. After treatment, all cattle were re-examined and clinical response was evaluated on days 3, 7 and 15 post-treatment. Results Compared with the control group and prior to treatment, all active lesions such as blepharospasm, epiphora, photophobia, chemosis, corneal edema, and corneal ulceration were generally resolved by day 15 after subconjunctival injection of clindamycin. Severity of IBK lesions increased on days 3 and 7, compared to baseline in the control group administered isotonic saline solution. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that subconjunctival injection of clindamycin is effective in the treatment of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

A two-year-old, female, domestic short-haired cat was presented with visual impairment, tetraparesis, depression, head tilt and nystagmus. Serum and CSF were positive for coronavirus antibody and hydrocephalus secondary to feline infectious peritonitis was diagnosed based on clinical, laboratory and computed tomography findings. Medical treatment was not effective. This report presents a case of hydrocephalus in a cat suspected to be secondary to feline infectious peritonitis.

Periparturient recumbency is a common problem in dairy cows (Blood and Rodostits, 1989). There are a number of causes of this condition, including metabolic diseases such as hypocalcaemia and hypophosphatemia, malnutrition and septic conditions (Blood and Rodstits, loc. cit.; Clark et al., 1987; Gerloff and Swenson, 1996; Smith et al., 1990). Biochemical and haematological tests have been used by several workers to identify factors involved in the recumbency, predict the likely outcome and determine treatment plan (Clark et al., loc. cit.). The purpose of the study was to evaluate clinical, haematological and biochemical test results derived from periparturient recumbent cows.

Endotoxin is a potent stimulator of the inflammatory response and is believed to initiate the pathology in gram-negative sepsis. Agents are being searched for that bind and neutralize or block the effects of endotoxin. The aim was to study the anti-endotoxic effects of polymyxin-E (colistin) in endotoxaemic dogs. The study included a total of 30 endotoxaemic dogs, which were divided into two groups (control = 15; test = 15) of both sexes, different breeds and ages. Hetastarch colloid solution (Expahes(R),10 mL/kg, i.v.) with lactated Ringer's solution (20 mL/kg, i.v., Q12 h) was given to all dogs. While ampicillin was administered (Alfasilin(R), 10 mg/kg, i.m., Q12 h) as an antibacterial to the control group, colistin (12 500 IU/kg, i.m., Q12 h) + ampicillin were administered to the test group. The clinical examination (body temperature, pulse and respiration rates, capillary filling times, peripheral pulse qualities, dehydration degrees), hematological and biochemical examinations (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, thrombocyte, serum urea, creatinine and TNF-alpha) were performed both before the treatment, and 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after the treatment. In comparison with the control group, it was observed that test group had shorter capillary filling time at 24 h (P < 0.001). Moreover, the degree of dehydration in test group, was significantly improved at 24 h (P < 0.01). While the differences in peripheral pulse qualities significantly differed between 0 and 2 h in controls, at 2, 4, 24 h after treatment it was found to be significantly increased when compared with 0 h in the test group. Serum TNF-alpha concentrations were statistically decreased in the test group between 0 h and other times (P < 0.01). When compared with controls, serum TNF-alpha concentrations were lower at 2, 4, 12 and 24 h in test group (P < 0.05). Results of the study indicated that polymyxin-E (colistin) has an anti-endotoxic effect and is safe for the dogs with endotoxemia at the dosage used in this study.

A nine-week-old female Doberman Pinscher pup was presented with paraplegia and progressive pelvic limb hyper-extension. The pup had a 1:800 serum antibody titre to Neospora caninum by indirect fluorescent antibody test. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs and serologic examination. The dog died after 18 days therapy with sulphadiazine-trimethoprim (15mg/kg po bid), clindamycin (10mg/kg im bid) and pyrimethamine (1mg/kg po bid).

Pyometra is the accumulation of purulent material within the lumen of the uterus (Leib et al., 1997). It is regarded as one of the most common illnesses in bitches. Pyometra must be considered if depression, lethargy, anorexia and polyuria with poydipsia occur in the intact bitch (Borresen, 1980; Leib et al., loc. cit.) Renal failure and urinary tract infection may occur in bitch with pyometra (De Schepper et al., 1987: Stone et al., 1988, Leib et al., loc. cit.). The aim of this study was to investigate the link between renal failure and pyometra.

Salt poisoning has been described under various circumstances in adult cattle. Presenting clinical signs in 6 Holstein beef cattle with such poisoning were primarily dysfunction of the central nervous system and included ataxia, opisthotonus, nystagmus, depression, muscle twitching and intermittent convulsions, as well as abdominal pain and polydipsia. Diarrhea occurred in 2, and blindness in 3/6 cattle. Hypernatremia (161.8 - 178.8 mmol/L) and hyperosmolality (331.81 366.18 mOsm/L) were present in all animals. To treat the affected cattle, access to fresh water was restricted, vascular volume was expanded with isotonic saline and then hypotonic fluid (5 % Dextrose solution) iv and dexamethasone im was administered. Although biochemical parameters returned to normal reference ranges, 3/6 affected animals remained blind.

Bu çalışmada 1990 - 2000 yılları arasında Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Kliniklerine getirilen sığır ve koyunların değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. 1990 - 2000 yılları arasında 1646 sığır ve 677 koyun muayene ve tedavi edildi. Sığır (% 39.1) ve koyunlarda (% 36.05) hastalıkların en yaygın görüldüğü dönemin 0 - 6 aylar arasında olduğu belirlendi. Sığırlarda en çok sindirim sistemi (% 34.45), solunum sistemi hastalıkları (% 25.46) saptandı, bu hastalıkları enfeksiyon hastalıklar (% 22.96), metabolizma hastalıkları (% 4.0), üriner sistem hastalıkları (% 2.79), deri hastalıkları (% 2.68) ve dolaşım sistemi hastalıkları (% 2.31) izledi. Koyunlarda da benzer şekilde en çok sindirim sistemi hastalıkları (% 30,1) gözlendi. Bu hastalıkları enfeksiyon hastalıklar (% 25.12) ve solunum sistemi hastalıkları (% 21,8), metabolizma hastalıkları (% 5.32), deri hastalıkları (% 2.67), üriner sistem (% 2.52) ve dolaşım sistemi hastalıkları (% 0.3) izledi. Sonuç olarak 1990 - 2000 yılları arasında Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Kliniklerine getirilen sığır ve koyunlarda hastalıkların en çok görüldüğü dönemin 0-6 aylık dönem olduğu, tüm hastalıklar arasında sindirim, solunum sistemi ve enfeksiyon hastalıkların görülme oranının daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiş ve özellikle 0-6 aylık dönemde profilaktik önlemlerin alınmasıyla insidensin azaltılabileceği kanısına varılmıştır. In this study, it was aimed to determine the analysis of cattle and sheep admited to the large animal clinics of internal medicine department of Uludağ University Veterinary Faculty between 1990-2000. Clinical examinations and treatment of cattle (1646) and sheep (677) were performed between 1990-2000. It was determined that diseases were most commonly observed between the age of 0 - 6 months in cattle (39.1 %) and sheep (36.05 %). Commonly, digestive system (% 34.45) and respiratory system (% 25.46) diseases were observed in cattle, following infectious diseases (22.96 %), metabolic diseases (4.0 %), ürinary system diseases (2.79 %), dermatologic diseases (2.68 %) and cardiovascular system diseases (2.31 %). Similarly, digestive system diseases (34.45 %) were commonly observed in sheeps as well. These were follewed by infectious diseases (25.12 %), respiratory system diseases (% 21.8), metabolic diseases (5.32 %), dermatologic diseases (2.67 %), ürinary system diseases (2.52 %) and cardiovascular system diseases (0.3 %). As a result, it was seen that cattle and sheep admited to large animal clinics of Uludağ University Veterinary Faculty were mostly 0 - 6 months aged and percentage of digestive, respiratory and infectious disease were found higher than the other diseases and the incedence of deseases may be lowered by prophylactic procedures in 0 - 6 months aged calves.

İnsanlarda serum lipid ve lipoprotein konsantrasyonları böbrek yetmezliği ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada total kolesterol, trigliserid, HDL-C, LDL-C’yi kapsayan serum lipidleri ile böbrek yetmezlikleri (akut ve kronik renal yetmezlik) arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kronik böbrek yetmezliğine sahip olan köpeklerin akut renal yetmezlikli ve sağlıklı köpeklerle karşılaştırılmasında, serum total kolesterol, trigliserid ve LDL-C seviyelerinin istatiksel olarak daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu bulundu (p

Thirty dehydrated diarrheic calves aged 2-45 days were used to study the effects of small volume intravenous 7.2% hypertonic saline and 6% dextran 70 solution in combination with alkalinising oral fluids and to compare this therapy with the large volume intravenous isotonic saline with alkalinising oral fluid treatment. This study included a total of 30 diarrhoeic dehydrated calves aged 2-45 days. After routine clinical and haematological examinations, the calves were allotted to two treatment groups. Isotonic saline solution (32 ml/kg, i.v.) with an oral electrolyte solution (22 ml/kg, p.o.) were administered to group I (control), and the combination of 7.2% hypertonic saline in 6% dextran 70 solutions (HSD) (4 ml/kg, i.v.) with an oral electrolyte solution (50 ml/kg, p.o.) were administered to group II (test). Additionally, an oral electrolyte solution (50 ml/kg, p.o.) was readministered to both groups at 12 h of the study. The clinical and haematological examinations of all calves were performed both before and after the treatment at the 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h. The capillary refill time, peripheral pulse quality, dehydration degrees, mental status, haematocrit rates, haemoglobin and plasma values after treatment were found to be statistically different compared with the values before treatment. In comparison with group I, group II is observed to have shorter capillary refill time at 1, 4 and 12 h (P < 0.001) and better peripheral pulse quality at 1/2 (P < 0.05), 1, 2, 4 and 12 h (P < 0.001). Moreover, the degree of dehydration in group II, was significantly improved at 2 (P < 0.01), 4 and 12 h. Results of the study indicated that administration of low volumes of hypertonic sodium chloride and dextran 70 solution combinations with oral electrolyte solutions was concluded as quicker, practical, economical and most importantly an effective way for the treatment of dehydrated diarrhoeic calves.

Buzağılarda neonatal enfeksiyoları yüksek mortaliteye neden olur. Yüksek mortalitenin oranının temel nedenini kolostrumdaki immun globulin yetersizliği olabilir. Levamizol immunmodülator ve stimülasyon özelliği olan anthelmintik bir ilaçtır. Bu çalışmada levamizolün kolostrol immunoglobinler üzerine olan etkisini saptamak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 30 buzağı kullanılmıştır. Kuru dönemin son 2 haftasına kadar 15 ineğe haftada bir kez 2.5 mg/kg dozda kas içi levamizol uygulandı. Bu ineklerden doğan buzağılar çalışma grubunu oluşturdu. Diğer 15 ineğe plesobo olarak izotonik NaCl solusyonu uygulandı. Bu ineklerden doğan buzağılarda kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Doğumu takiben 2 saat içersinde buzağıların kolostrum alması sağlandı. Doğumda sonraki 3. günde serum GGT ve total protein konsantrasyonları ölçüldü. Ayrıca glutaraldehyde koagulasyon testi yapıldı.Çalışma grubunu oluşturan buzağılarda serum GGT ve total protein seviyeleri kontrol göre daha yüksek bulundu. Glutaraldehyde koagulasyon testi süresi çalışma grubundaki buzağılarda daha düşüktü. Bu bulgular temelinde, levamizolün immunomodülator etkilerine bağlı olarak yeni doğan buzağıların neonatal enfeksiyonlara karşı direncini yükselttiği sonucuna varıldı. Neonatal infections cause high mortality in calves. The underline cause of this high mortality rate may be colostral immunogloblin deficiency. Levamisole is an anthelmintic drug which also has immunomodulatory and immunostimulant properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of levamisole on the clostrol immunoglobulins. Material of this study included totally 30 calves. Levamisole was administered intramusculary, once a weekly, 2.5 mg/kg to 15 cows till the last two week of dry period. Calves of these cows were evaluated as study group. Also, placebo (isotonic saline solutions) was administered to other 15 cows. Calves of these were evaluated as control group. Calves were fed clostrum within 2 hours after birth. Serum GGT and total protein concentrations were measured at the 3th day after parturition. Also, glutaraldehyde coagulation test was made. Serum GGT and total protein levels were significantly higher in the study group compared to control group. Glutaraldehyde coagulation time was lower in the study group than in the control group. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the immunomodulatory effects of levamisole may cause to increase the resistance of neonatal infections in newborn calves.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of isotonic sodium chloride (ISS-0.9%), hypertonic sodium chloride (HSS-7.2%), HSS + lactate ringer solution (LRS) and HSS + sodium bicarbonate solution (SBS-1.3%) in the treatment of dogs with endotoxaemia. Endotoxaemia was induced by slow injection of a I mg/kg/i.v. dose of E. coli endotoxin (0111:B4). At the treatment stage, four groups, each composed of six dogs, were formed and a different treatment plan was carried out in each group: ISS, HSS, HSS + LRS and HSS + SBS. Clinical, haematological and biochemical examinations were performed before and after endotoxaemia. Hypotension (MAP < 60 mm Hg), leukopaenia and trombocytopaenia were observed during endotoxaemia in all dogs. MAP and plasma volume were increased in all groups except the ISS group. HCO3- values were increased in the HSS + SBS group and decreased in the other groups. Therefore, it was concluded that the HSS + SBS combination was the most effective model of fluid therapy in the treatment of dogs with endotoxaemia.

In the present study, a total of 100 urine samples obtained by antepubic cystocentesis from dogs with symptoms of urinary tract infection were examined bacteriologically. Bacteria were isolated from 38 of 100 urine samples. No significant difference was determined when the frequency of bacteriuria was compared between female and male dogs and in 2 different age groups (

Bu çalışmada 1990-2000 yıllarında Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Küçük Hayvan Kliniği’ne getirilen kedi ve köpeklerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 9297 hasta ile ilgili olarak köpek ve kedi sayıları sırasıyla 7831 ve 1466 idi. Değişik ırklardaki köpek ve kedilerin sırasıyla 4350’si dişi ve 3481’si erkek, 785 dişi ve 681’i erkek olarak belirlendi. Hastalıklar köpek (%53,7) ve kedilerde (% 37,9) en yaygın olarak 0-6 aylarda tespit edildiler. Köpeklerde 12, kedilerde 5 ırk değerlendirilmiştir. Köpeklerde kangal (%17,5), Terrier (%17,2), Pointer (%15,5) ve German Sheepdog (%15,4) en yaygın ırklar olurken, sokak kedileri %52,7 oranı ile kliniğe getirilen kedilerin en büyük kısmını oluşturmuştur. Köpeklerde en çok sindirim sistemi hastalıkları (%29,5) ve endoparaziter hastalıklar (%23,3) belirlendi, bu hastalıkları deri hastalıkları (%13,9), solunum sistemi hastalıkları (%8,0), üriner sistem hastalıkları (%7,8), ektoparaziter hastalıklar (%4,2) ve enfeksiyon hastalıklar (%4,1) izledi. Benzer olarak, kedilerde de en çok sindirim sistemi hastalıkları (%29,1) tespit edildi. Bu hastalıkları solunum sistemi hastalıkları (%14,7), endoparaziter hastalıklar (%12,4), üriner sistem hastalıkları (%11,5), enfeksiyon hastalıklar (%6,6) ve deri hastalıkları (%5,4) takip etmiştir. Sonuç olarak, hasta sahiplerinin eğitilmesinin köpek ve kedilerin enfeksiyon ve paraziter hastalıklarından korunmada etkili olabileceği kanısındayız In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the cats and dogs reffered to the clinics of companion animals, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Uludag, in 1990-2000 years. Of 9297 patients, the number of dogs and cats were 7831 and 1466, respectively. 4350 female and 3481 male, 785 female and 681 male were observed in dogs and cats, of different breeds, respectively. Diseases were most commonly observed between 0-6 months aged in dogs (53.7%) and cats (37.9%). Twelve breeds in dogs and 5 breeds in cats were evaluated. While Kangal (17.5%), Terrier (17.2%), Pointer (15.5%) and German Sheepdog (15.4%) were most common breeds in dogs, Stary cats were the major population of all cats, referred to the clinic, with 52.7%. Digestive system diseases (29.5%) and endoparasitic diseases (23.3%) were commonly observed in dogs, following dermatologic diseases (13.9%), respiratory system diseases (8.0%), urinary tract diseases (7.8%), ectoparasitic diseases (4.2%) and infectious diseases (4.1%). Similarly, digestive system diseases (29.1%) were commonly observed in cats as well. These were followed by respiratory system diseases (14.7%), endoparasitic diseases (12.4%), urinary tract diseases (11.5%), infectious diseases (6.6%) and dermatologic diseases (5.5%). As a result, it was concluded that educating the owners could be impessive for the preventation from the infectious and parasitic diseases in dogs and cats.

This study was carried out to compare the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL – C, LDL – C, TC: HDL – C ratio and to determine of ischemic heart disease risk in healthy German shepherd, Labrodor retriever and Pointer. Material of this study included a total of 65 healthy dogs from both sexes and 2 to 4 years old, 15 of which were Pointers, 21 of which were German shepherd and 29 of which were Labrodor retrievers. Blood samples were taken from each dog fasted for at least 12 hours, to evaluate total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL - C, LDL – C. Plasma total cholesterol level was significantly (p< 0.001) lower in Pointer than in German shepherd and Labrodor retriever. The serum HDL - C level was significantly (p< 0.001) higher in German shepherd and Labrodor retriever than in Pointer. However, LDL - C level was lower in Pointers compared with German shepherd and Labrodor retriever. Also, it was observed that total cholesterol: HDL – C ratio was higher (p< 0.001) in Labrodor retriever when compared with other two breeds. As a result, in this study, ıt was concluded that the prevalence of lipoprotein metabolism disorders and coronary artery disease might be lower in pointer than in German shepherd and Labrodor retriever Bu Çalışma, sağlıklı German shepherd, Labrodor retriever ve pointer köpeklerinde total kolesterol, trigliserid, HDL – C, LDL – C, TC: HDL – C oranlarını karşılaştırmak ve ishemik kalp hastalıkları riskini tespit etmek için yapıldı. Çalışmanın materyelini 15’ni pointer, 21’ni ,German Shepherd ve 29’nü Labrodor retriever olmak üzere her iki cinsiyetten ve 2-4 yaşları arasında toplam 65 sağlıklı köpek oluşturdu. Total kolesterol, triglserid, HDL – C ve LDL – C değerlendirilmesi için 12 saat aç olan her bir köpekten kan örnekleri alındı. Pointerlerdeki plasma total kolesterol seviyesi German shepherd ve Labrodor retriever’lardan önemli düzeyde düşük bulundu (p

Bu olgu aşı uygulamasını takiben şekillendiği düşünülen immun ilişkili hemolitik anemi (IHA) ve trombositopeninin (ITP) vincristine ile sağaltımını irdelemek amacıyla değerlendirildi. Olguyu Uludağ Üniversitesi İç Hastalıkları kliniğine kusma ve karın altında morarma şikayeti ile getirilen 5 yaşlı, dişi Terrier ırkı köpek oluşturdu. Yapılan klinik muayenede mukozalarda solgunluk, ekstremitelerde ve abdomende peteşi ve ekimoz, laboratuar muayenelerinde de mikrositik bir anemi, yüksek MCHC değeri ve trombositopeni belirlenmiş olup kan frotisinin mikroskopik muayenesinde sferosit saptandı. Lam aglütinasyon testinde ise aglütinasyon pozitifti. Klinik ve laboratuar bulguları doğrultusunda immun-hemolitik anemi ve trombositopeni tanısı konulan hastada, tedavinin birinci günü prednisolon (2mg/kg i.v.), ranitidin (2,5mg/kg i.v.) ve sucralfate (200 mg P.O.) uygulandı. Tedavinin 3. gününde klinik bulgular ve laboratuar bulguları kötüye gittiği için hastaya kan nakli yapıldı ve vincristine (0.025 mg/kg, i.v., haftada bir kez 3 doz) tedavisine başlandı. Bu tedaviyi takiben 3. ve 9. günde klinik ve laboratuar bulgularında önemli bir düzelme belirlenmiş, 21. günde de olgunun tamamen normale döndüğü gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak aşı uygulamasını takiben şekillendiği düşünülen immun hemolitik anemi ve trombositopenilerde prednisolona yanıt alınamayan durumlarda vincristine ile tedavide başarılı sonuçlar alınabileceği kanısına varılmıştır This case was evaluated to discuss the effects of vincristine in the treatment of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) which might be caused by vaccination. A 5 years old, female terrier was presented to the Clinics of Internal Medicine, University of Uludağ with the history of womiting and scattered discoloured areas on the abdomen. Pale mucous membranes, petechia and echymosis on the abdomen were observed clinically. Macrocytic anemia, high MCHC value, thrombocytepenia and spherocytes were determined on the laborotary examination. Also lam agglutination test was positive. Immune - mediated hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia was diagnosed based on the clinical and laboratory examination and prednisolone (2mg/kg, i.v.), ranitidine (2,5mg/kg, i.v.) and sucralfate (200mg, P.O.) were administered on the first day. Because of deterioration, blood transfusion and vincristine therapy (0.025 mg/kg, i.v., once weekly for 3 weeks) were administered for 3 days after initial treatment. On the 3rd and 9th days following the therapy, clinical signs and laboratory results were improved significantly. On the 21st day the dog was completely recovered. As a result, it was concluded that vaccination-induced IHA and ITP can be effectively treated with vincristine in the prednisolone resistant cases.

İshalli buzağılarda ölümün en yaygın nedenleri dehidrasyon ve asidozisdir. Öncelikli olarak buzağılarda ishallin tedavisi oral ve paranteral solusyonlarla, elektrolit, asit-baz dengesi, sıvı ve enerji açığı düzenlenmesi temelinde yapılır. Hafif ve orta şiddetli ishalli buzağılarda oral rehidrasyon tedavisi tek başına oldukça etkilidir. Şiddetli dehidrasyona ve asidoza sahip olan buzağılarda en iyi tedavi intravenöz sıvılarla sağlanır. İzotonik kristalloidler ishalli dehidre buzağıların tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu solusyonlar intersititiel sıvının hacminin tekrar sağlanması için düşünülmelidir. Laktatlı Ringer solusyonu şiddetli metabolik asidozu düzeltmek için kullanılmamalıdır. Şidetli metabolik asidozlu buzağılarda sodyum bikarbonat kullanılmalıdır. Hipertonik kristalloid solusyonları (%7.2 hipertonik sodyum klorür, 4ml/kg, i.v.) hızlı resussitatif etkilerinden dolayı ishalli endotoksemik buzağıların başlangıç tedavilerinde önemlidirler.Hipertonik kristalloid solusyonlrın etki süreleri koloid solusyonların ilavesi ile uzatılabilir. Kolloid solusyonlar plazma onkotik basıncında artış meydana getirerek, plazma hacmini yükseltirler. Hipertonik sodyum klorür ve dekstran 70 solusyonlarının birlikte uygulanması oral uygulanan sıvıların emilimini artırabilir. Sonuç olarak, hafif ve orta şiddetli ishalli buzağılarda oral rehidrasyon tedavisi tek başına kullanılabilir. Bununla birlikte, ishalli şidetli dehidre buzağıların tedavisinde izotonik oral elektrolit solusyonu ile birlikte küçük hacimlerde hipertonik sodyum klorür -dekstran 70 kombinasyonunun intravenöz uygulanması daha etkili bir yoldur. The most common causes of death in diarrheic calves are dehydration and acidosis. Treatment of diarrhea in calves is primarily based on correcting the electrolyte, acid-base imbalances, fluid and energy deficits via using of oral and paranteral solutions. Just an oral rehydration therapy is the most effective therapy for mildly or moderately affected diarrheic calves. The best way of treating calves with severe dehydration and acidosis is use of intravenous fluids. Isotonic crystalloids are widely used to treat dehydrated calves with diarrhea. This solutions should be considered to the replacement of interstitial fluid volume. Lactated Ringer's solution should not be used to correct severe metabolic acidosis. Sodium bicarbonate should be used to in calves with severe metabolic acidosis. Hypertonic crystaloid solutions (e.g., %7.2 hypertonic saline, 4ml/kg, i.v.) are valuable in the initial treatment of endotoxemic calves with diarrhea because of their rapid resuscitative effects.The effects of hypertonic crystaloid solutions can be prolonged by adding colloid solutions (Dextran 70). Administration of colloid solutions causes an increase in plasma volume, which increases the plasma oncotic pressure. Absorption of orally administered fluids can be enchanced by intravenous administration of hypertonic saline-dextran solution. As a conclusion, just an oral rehydration therapy alone can be used for mildly or moderately affected diarrheic calves. However, intravenous administration of a small volume of hypertonic saline and dextran 70 solution combined along with an isotonic oral electrolyte solutions are more efective way to treat diarrheic severely dehydrated calves.

Bu çalışmada beden sıcaklığı. solunum sayısı, kalp frekansı artışı ve öksür.ük gibi solunum sistemi hastalıkları kompleksi belirtileri gösteren 20 danada amoksisilin ile triınethoprim + sulfadoksin kombinasyonunun etkilerinin karşılaştınlması amaçlandı. Sağaltım aşamasında hasta hayvanlar iki farklı gruba ayrılarak, 7 gün süre ile I. gruba (n=IO) 10 mg/kg dozunda amoksisilin ve Il. gruba (n=IO) 15 mglkg dozunda trimethoprim + sulfadoksin kombinas yonu im. yolla uygulandı. Klinik ve hematolojik muayeneler sa~altım öncesi ve çalışmanın 1., 3., 5., 7.,10. günleri tekrar edildi. Beden sıcaklı~ının I. grupta birinci (p

PARATUBERCULOSIS is a debilitating disease of livestock caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Its control is very important for the industry because of the economic loss caused by decreased milk yield, pregnancy rate and increased veterinary costs ([Murray and Smith 2002][

Bu araştırmada septik şoklu köpeklerin dobutamin ile sağaltımında meydana gelen değişikliklerin Elektrokardiyografi (EKG) 'de gözlenmesi amaçlandı. Deneysel olarak septik şok oluşturmak için 12 köpeğin her birine intravenöz yolla 5x109 adet/kg'a E. coli verildi. Ortalama bir saat içinde klinik ve hematolojik olarak septik şok kriterleri saptandı. Şok anındaki EKG'lerde R amplitüdünde azalma, ST segmentinde çökme gözlendi. Sağaltım aşamasında I. gruba (n = 6) yalnız antibiyotik ve sıvı verilirken, II. gruba (n = 6) bu sağaltıma ilave olarak dobutamin (10 mcglkgldk., i.v.) uygulandı. Sağaltım dan sonraki 1. ve 4.saat muayenelerinde II. gruptaki kalp frekansı, solunum sayısı, kaplar dolma süresi ve periferal nabız kalitesinin I. gruba göre daha iyi olduğu belirlenirken, bu durumun EKG'de R amplütünde artma ile izlenebileceği gözlendi. Beş günlük süreçte I. grupta üç köpek ölürken, II. grupta hiç ölüm olmaması antibiyotik ve sıvı uygulamasına ilave olarak kullanılan dobutaminin hayatta kalma oranını artırabileceğini göstermiştir. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the changes in ECG during the treatment with dobutamine of dogs with septic shock. E. coli was given via intravenous route at the dose of 5xl 09 E. coli/kg to each dog (12 dogs) to experimentally induced septic shock. Clinically and haematological eritertes of septic shock were determined within one hour. In the ECG decreased R amplütüd and depressed ST segment were observed during septic shock. In the treatment while only antibiotic and fluid therapy were performed to the st group (n = 6), dobutamine (10 mcg kg minute, i. v.) was given to II and group (n = 6) additionally. It was seen that while heart rate, respiratory rate, capillary refilling time and peripheral pulsation quality in ll and group were better than I st group in the elinical exaıninahon at the I. and 4. hours of treatment, this may be monitored by increased R amplütüd in ECG examination. It was concluded that when dobutamine is combined with an abiotic and fluid, this therapy may increase the survival rate, while three dogs died in group, there was no deaths in the group II during five days.

lki yıl içinde juvenil cellulitis (Juvenil pyoderma) tanısı konulan üç; köpegin klinik, laboratuar ve sagaltım sonutları degerlendirildi. Kopeklerin ırkları Kangal, Terrier ve Alman kurt melezi idi. Yaşları iki-üç; ay arasında degişen bu köpeklerden biri dişi, ikisi ise erkek olup, hiçbiri aşılanmamıştı. Üç; olguda da lenfadenopathi, özellikle submandibular, deride şişkinlikle karakterize ağrılı lezyonlar, kulak akıntısı ve beden sıcaklıgının normal oldugu saptandı. Köpeklerin ikisinde agzı ve göz çevresinde lezyon ve seropurulent alanı, ikisinde çene altında, birinde kulak kepçesinin dip kısmında şişlik saptandı. İki köpek letharjik ve iştahsız idi. Normositik normokromik anemi, nötrofili ve lokositozis önemli laboratuar bulgularıydı. Yalnız bir olguda bakteri izole edildi. Köpeklerin biri öldü. Deri lezyonların histopatolojisi piyogranülamatız cellulitisi tamamladı. Olguların digerlerinde prednisolone (günde 2 mglkg) ve cephalexin veya cefazolin (giinde iki kez 30 mglkg) kullanmının tok iyi sonuç; verdigi gozlendi. Juvenil cellulitisin klinik ve laboratuar bulgularının dikkatli bir şekilde degerlendirilerek tanısının konulmasının tok onemli oldugu sonucuna varıldı. Buna ek olarak, hastalık ilk kez Türkiye'ye ezgii ve kısa tüylü olmayan Kangal ırkında saptandı Three dogs diagnosed as having juvenile cellulitis {juvenile pyoderma) in two years were evaluated for clinical, laboratory and therapeutic results. Breeds included Anatolian sheepdog (Kangal), terrier and cross-breed German shepherd. Of these dogs one was female and two were males, and none of them was vaccinated, their ages ranged between two and three months. In all the three dogs, there were lymphadenopathy, especially in the submandibular nodes, painful skin lesions characterised with swellings, auricular discharge, and their temperatures were normal. While perioculer and perioral lesions and seropurulent discharge were determined in two dogs and swelling under chin in the other dogs, in one dog swelling on pinnea were observed. Two dogs were lethargic and anorexic. Normocytic normochromic anemia, neutrophili and leucocytosis were significant laboratory findings. The bacteria was only isolated in one case. One of them was died. Histopathology of the skin lesions depicted pyogranulomatous cellulitis. It was observed that usage of prednisolone (2 mg/kg daily) and cephalexin or cefazolin (30 mg/kg twice daily) in the remaining dogs gave good results. It was concluded that a c:areful evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings in the diagnosis ofjuvenile cellulitis is very important. In addition, this is the first observation of the disease in Anatolian sheepdog (Kangal) which is a native breed ofTurkey and also non-short-coated.

In this study, the clinical findings and results of haematological and biochemical analyses of 26 cattle with botulism were evaluated. The most important clinical signs in the affected cattle included: decreased appetite, ataxia, difficulty to rise, loss of tongue tone, salivation and bradycardia. A definitive diagnosis of botulism was based on demonstration of the preformed toxin in ruminal and intestinal contents and feed materials including poultry litter, by mouse inoculation test. This study is the first confirmation, by direct toxin isolation, of Clostridium botulinum type C and Clostridium botulinum type D in cattle, in Turkey.