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Fonksiyonel adrenokortikal tümör çocuklarda nadir görülür. Çoğu benigndir ancak hem benign ve hem de malign lezyonlar, virilizan veya Cushingoid lezyonlarla bulunabilir. Burada adrenokortikal tümörlü iki olgu sunulmaktadır. Başvurudaki belirti ve bulgular virilizasyon, Cushingoid özellikler, puberte prekoks ve hipertansiyondu. Her iki çocuktaki adrenal bez çıkarıldı. Çalışmada olguların başvuru belirtileri, tedavi yöntemleri ve klinik seyri değerlendirilerek literatür ışığında tartışıldı. Functioning adrenocortical tumor is rare in children. Although most are benign, both benign and malignant lesions may present with virilizing and Cushingoid features. We present two cases of adrenocortical tumor. The symptoms and signs at presentation were virilization, Cushingoid features, precocious puberty and hypertension. Both children underwent resection of the tumors. The presenting symptoms, postoperative course, adjuvant therapy, clinical course are described and the literature is reviewed.

ÖZET Kronik parsiyel ureter obstrüksiyonunun böbrekler üzerinde morfolojik ve fonksiyonel yöndeki beklenen olumsuz etkilerini vazodilatatör olan kaptopril ve nitrik oksit ile ortadan kaldırıp kaldıramayacağımızı ortaya koymayı amaçlayan amaçlayan çalışmamızda, 40 prepubertal, Wistar cinsi, erkek albino sıçan kullanıldı. Tüm deneklere kontralateral kompansatris etkileri ortadan kaldırmak için sağ nefrektomi uygulandı ve sol üreterin parsiyel obstrüksiyonu Ulm ve Miller' in tanımladığı tekniğe uygun olarak yapıldı. Tüm gruplardaki deneklerde 99m Tc-DTPA kullanılarak diüretikli sintigrafî yöntemiyle böbreğin perfuzyonu, glomerüler fıltrasyon hızı (GFH) ve konsantrasyonu ölçüldü. Serum üre ve kreatinin ölçüleri yanında, böbreğin parankim ağırlığı ve pelvik volümü ölçülerek böbrekler histopatolojik değerlendirmeye alındı. Grup l'de yalmzca laparatomi yapılarak sol üreter çevre dokularından serbestleştirildi. Grup 2'de sol üreter parsiyel olarak daraltıldı. Grup 3 'de, sol üreterin parsiyel obstrüksiyonu sonrası 15 mg/kg/gün kaptopril verildi. Grup 4'de, sol üreterin parsiyel obstrüksiyonu sonrası L-Arginine Methyl Ester 150 mg/kg/gün verildi. Üç haftanın sonunda üre ve kreatinin değerlerinde oluşan bozukluğun kaptopril ve L-arg ile düzeltilebildiğini, parankimal atrofi ve pelvik volüm artışının düzeltilemediğini, 3 haftalık kaptopril ve L- arg tedavisinin böbreğin perfuzyonu, glomerüler filtrasyon hızı ve konsantrasyonu olumlu yönde etkilediği, parankimal hasarlarıma üzerine etkili olmadığı yargısına varılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Obstrüktif hidronefrozis, rat, kaptopril, nitrik oksit 41 Summary In this experimental study, we used 40 prepubertal wistar-albino rats and aimed to show whether vasodilator agent's captopril and nitric oxide would change the expected negative effects of chronic partial ureter obstruction on kidney morphology and functions. In all rats, right nephrectomy was done to omit the contralateral compensatory effects and left ureter was obstructed partially according to techniques described by Ulm and Miller. In all rats, Tc-DTPA 99m diuretic scintigraphic method was used to measure the kidney perfusion, glomeruler filtration rate and concantrastion. Besides, serum urea and creatinine levels, kidney parenchyma weight and pelvic volume were measured and kidney was evaluated histiopathologically. In-group 1, rats were only undergone laporatomy and left ureter was dissected from surrounding tissue. In-group 2, left fretter was obstructed partially. In- group 3, 15-mg/kg/day captopril was given after left ureter partial obstruction. In group 4, L- Arginine Methyl Ester 150 mg/kg/day was given after left ureter partial obstruction. At the end of three weeks, captopril and L-arginine methyl ester improved urea and creatinin level but not changed parenchymal atrophy and pelvic volume. As conclusion, three weeks captopril and L-arginine methyl ester treatment were positively effected kidney perfusion, glomeruler filtration and concentration but not effected parenchymal damage. Key words: obstructive hydronephrosis, rats, captopril, and nitric oxide. 42 47

Tez (doktora) –Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 1998 Libra Kayıt No: 31627 Tezin Özgününde özet verilmemiştir.

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GELENEKSEL TÜRK SPORLARI ÜZERİNE BÎR ARAŞTIRMA ERZURUM YÖRESİ ÖRNE?İ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Suat KARAKÜÇÜK (Tez Yöneticisi) Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı Ankara - 1993 ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı, Erzurum'da yapılmakta olan geleneksel sporların varlığını ve işlerliğini tespit etmek, araştırmak ve bölge olarak üzerindeki etkilerini bir sonuç olarak ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma tarama modelindedir ve erzurum ilindeki geleneksel sporların tarihi geçmişi ve günümüzdeki kültürel değerleri çeşitli yönlerden araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; 1. Erzurum yöresinde yapılmakta olan geleneksel sporlara büyük ilgi gösterilmektedir. 2. Uygulanmakta olan geleneksel sporlar, eskiden uygulananlara göre daha az sayıda bulunmuştur. 3. Yine geleneksel sporların yöre halkı üzerinde sosyal ve kültürel bir etki meydana getirdiği görülmüştür. 4. Erzurum yöresinde yapılmakta olan geleneksel sporlardan en çok cirit (atlı cirit) ve karakucak güreşe ilgi duyulduğu ve yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. 5. Eskiden Anadolu'da yapılan geleneksel sporlardan; çevgan ve gökbörünün uygulanmadığı, okçuluk, avcılık, binicilik ve at yarışlarının çok az uygulandığı ya da yapılmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bütün bu değerlendirmelerden sonra, Erzurum yöresinde yapılmakta olan geleneksel sporların yörede etkili olduğu, geliştirilebileceği, sosyal, kültürel, tanıtım, turizm ve modern sporlar alanlarında kulanılabileceği görüşü kabul edilebilir. GELENEKSEL TÜRK SPORLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA ERZURUM YÖRESİ ÖRNE?İ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Suat KARAKÜÇÜK (Tez Yöneticisi) Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı Ankara - 1993 4 SUMMARY The aim of this study was to find and investigate function of the tradi tional sports in Erzurum and to expose their effects on that region. In this research, the historical background and cultural values of these traditional sports in Erzurum was examined in several ways. The result of the study shoved that: f 1- People are deeply interested in these traditional sports in Erzurum. 2- It was found that these traditional sports were organized less than those in the past. 3- It is seen that these sports have got a social and cultural influence on the people living in that region. 4- People are mustly intrested in karakucak wrestling and javelin among other sports in that region. 5- It is found that the traditional sports which were practised in Ana tolia in the past, such as Çevgan and Gökbörü are not practised to day; and the sports like hunting, riding, horse riding and archery are not practised today. After all these evaluations, the traditional sports in Erzurum are very effective, can be developed and used in the fields of social, cultural tourism and modern sports. 110

Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 1993 Libra Kayıt No: 35277 Tezin özgününde özet verilmemiştir .

Esophageal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies of enteric origin found in children. They are considered to be due to abnormal cannulisation of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical symptoms depend on the size and the localization of the cysts. Respiatory symptoms are the most frequent symptoms seen in children presenting foregut duplication. In this study, we present two patients with foregut cyst was in whom dyspnea evident, ofagus duplikasyon kistleri, çocuklarda görülen enterik kaynaklı nadir konjenital anomalilerdendir. Gastrointestinal sistemin anormal kanalizasyonu sonucu oluşurlar. Klinik semptomlar genellikle kistin büyüklüğüne ve lokalizasyonuna bağlıdır. Forgut duplikasyon kistli bulunan çocuklar en sık solunum ile ilgili semptomlarla başvururlar. Bu çalışmada, solunum sıkıntısı bulunan iki forgut kisti olgusu sunulmuştur

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is an uncommon lesion, occurring as a superficial mass. We present one case of fibrous hamartoma in the ingunal region. The clinical and histopathologic features, and treatment results of child with (FHI) were described and the literature was reviewed. Criteria for histologic diagnosis include the presence of fasicles of myof ibroblasts, disorganized mature adipocytes and small rounded primitive mesenchymal cells. Immunohistochemically, muscle specific actin and vimentin were expressed in the myofibroblastic component, and vimentin was only expressed in the primitive component. The treatment of this uncommonly seen pathology is completely excision, Infantil fibröz hamartom (IFH) yüzeyel bir kitle olarak olusan nadir bir lezyondur. Burada inguinal bölgede fibröz hamartomlu bir olgu sunuldu. IFH’li çocugun klinik ve histopatolojik özellikleri ve tedavi sonuçlari tanimlandi ve literatürle degerlendirildi. Histopatolojik özellikleri miyofibroblast demetlerinin varligi, disorganize matür adipozitler ve küçük yuvarlak yassi primitif mezenkimal hücrelerin varligini içerdi. Immunohistokimyasal olarak miyofibroblastik komponent aktin ile vimentin, primitif komponentin ise sadece vimentin içermekteydi. Çocuklarda nadir olarak görülen bu patolojinin tedavisi komplet eksizyondur

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the records of patients treated for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) in the period between 1986 and 2005. At this point we report our clinical experience with delayed CMT in the light of current literature. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the records of our patients in terms of age, sex, clinical presentation, localization of the lesion, diagnostic tests, additional abnormalities, findings at operation and surgical procedures. Results: The mean age of the patients (7 girls, 5 boys) was 6.7 years (range: 1.5- 12 years). Most of the lesions were seen on the left aspect of the neck (58%). The most encountered complaint at application was restriction of neck motion (83%). Sternocleidomastoid tumor accounted for only 17% of the patients’ complaints. All patients in this study were treated by surgical intervention. Conclusions: In this study, neck motion and head tilt showed marked improvement with surgical and conservative treatment in majority of children with CMT who admitted to the hospital lately, Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız geç başvuran konjenital musküler tortikollis (KMT)’li hastalarımızın klinik, tanı ve tedavi özelliklerini analiz etmek ve literatür ile karşılaştırmaktır. Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak hastalarımız yaş, cinsiyet, klinik bulgular, yüzde ikincil biçim değişiklikleri, şişliğin yerleşimi, tanı yöntemleri, ek anomaliler, cerrahi girişimde karşılaşılan bulgular, sağaltım amacıyla uygulanan cerrahi girişimler açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastalarımızın (5 erkek, 7 kız) yaş ortalaması 6,7 (1,5-12 yaş) yıl idi. Lezyonların çoğunluğu solda (%58) görüldü. Olgularımızın ikisi küçük yaş grubundaydı. İki olguda (%17) boyunda kitle palpe edilebildi. Olguların çoğunluğunda boyun hareketlerinde kısıtlılık (%83) en sık bulgu idi. Serimizdeki hastaların tümü cerrahi girişimle tedavi edildi ve ayrıca fizik-tedavi egzersizleri de uygulandı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, geç başvuran KMT’li çocuklarımızın çoğunluğunda cerrahi tedavi ve konservatif tedavi ile boyun hareketleri ve boyun eğriliğinde belirgin bir düzelme oldu

Background: Inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasound measurement is a reliable indicator used in the assessment of intravascular volume status. The aim of this study was to evaluate intravascular volume changes in pediatric patients by measuring the IVC diameter and collapsibility index (CI) in children whose oral feeding was restricted preoperatively. Material and Methods: From May 2018 to October 2018, a total of 55 pediatric patients who were scheduled for surgery were included in this prospective, observational, cohort study. Fasting and satiety IVC diameters and CIs of patients were determined by ultrasonographic evaluation twice: in the preoperative preliminary evaluation, when the patients were satiated, and before surgery, during a fasting period of 6–8 hours. Ultra-sonographic data were recorded and compared between fasting and satiety periods. Results: In the grey scale (B-mode), mean IVC diameter was significantly higher when the patients were satiated, compared to the measurements made just before surgery during the fasting period. In the M-mode, the mean IVC diameter was significantly higher only during the inspiratory phase when the patients were satiated, while during the expiratory phase it was detected to be statistically similar. Mean CI was significantly higher in the immediate preoperative period, compared to the assessment made when satiated. Conclusion: Preoperative ultrasound IVC diameter and CI measurement can be a practical and useful method for evaluating preoperative intravascular volume in children.

CETINKAYA, Ayhan/0000-0002-8212-7149 WOS: 000401303100006 PubMed: 28471232 BACKGROUND: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of acute kidney injury. The pathologic mechanisms underlying renal I/R injury are complicated, involving reactive oxygen species, necrosis, cell apoptosis, and inflammation, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on renal I/R injury and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 10): the sham-control group, the renal I/R-untreated (I/R-untreated) group, and the I/R-OMT group. Renal I/R injury were induced by clamping the left renal artery for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. At 10 min before reperfusion, the rats in the I/R-OMT-treated group rats received an intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg OMT. Renal function and histological changes were compared and the relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected. RESULTS: Oxymatrine pretreatment significantly decreased the level of renal dysfunction, attenuated the renal histological changes, the levels of reactive oxygen species production in renal tissue upon I/R. Additionally, OMT pretreatment could further activate the serum antioxidant enzyme activities. CONCLUSION: The beneficial effects of OMT were likely mediated by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the increase in endogenous antioxidant activity. The results of this study indicate that oxymatrine may represent a potent anti-oxidant drug to protect the kidney against I/R injury (Fig. 5, Ref. 29). Text in PDF www.elis.sk. Scientific Research Projects Unitof Abant Izzet Baysal UniversityAbant Izzet Baysal University This work was supported by "Scientific Research Projects Unit"of Abant Izzet Baysal University.

Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2019 Libra Kayıt No: 128673 …

Bu çalışmada, İsmâîl es-San'ânî'nin `Sübülü's-Selâm Şerhu Bulûği'l-Merâm` adlı eserinde Hanefi mezhebine ait görüşlerin isabetli olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Çalışmamız giriş ve iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmamızın giriş kısmında araştırmanın konusu, amacı, kaynakları ve yönteminden bahsedilmiştir.Birinci bölümde San'ânî'nin hayatı, eserleri ve Zeydi mezhebinin karakteristik özelliklerinden bahsedilip ardından tezin kaynağını oluşturan, Sübülü's-Selâm Şerhu Bulûği'l-Merâm adlı eseri tanıtılmıştır. Daha sonra, San'ânî'nin bağlı olduğu belirtilen Zeydiye'nin Hadeviyye koluna ait bazı fıkhi görüşler örnek verilmiştir.İkinci bölümünde ise Sübülü's-Selâm adlı eserde Hanefi mezhebine ait olduğunu ifade ettiği görüşler tespit edilip Hanefi mezhebinin kaynaklarından bu görüşlerin nispeti tahkik edilmiştir. Tezde toplam 314 görüş incelenmiş, bu görüşlerin 29 tanesinin hatalı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu hatalar daha çok namaz, alışveriş, nikâh, cinâyetler ve cihad bahsi konularında bulunmaktadır.Anahtar Sözcükler: Namaz, Alışveriş, Nikâh, Cinâyetler Ve Cihad Bahisleri The purpose of this study is to determine whether the views of Hanafi Sect in İsmâîl es-San'ânî's work called `Sübülü's-Selâm Şerhu Bulûği'l-Merâm`.Our study consists of an introduction and two other parts. The introduction part includes the topic, purpose, resources and method of the study.In the first part; upon mentioning about İsmail Es-San'ânî's life, his works and characteristic features of Zeydi Sect, we tried to introduce the thesis subject that is his work entitled Sübülü's-Selâm Şerhu Bulûği'l-Merâm. Then we presented some examples about Islamic law from the views of Hadeviyye cult of Zeydism to which San'ânî' is fatihful.In the second part of our study, we identified San'ânî's views that he expressed as belonging to Hanafism in his book Sübülü's-Selâm and investigated the relativeness of these opinions. In our thesis, we studied 314 views in total and came to a conclusion that 29 of them are mistaken. These mistakes are generally related to the issues such as prayer, shopping, marriage, murders, hudud-i Şer'iyye and jihad.Key words: Prayer, Shopping, Marriage, Murders and Jihad 161

WOS:000402475400004 PubMed: 28433070 To evaluate the effects of nicorandil in a rat kidney model of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO). Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: (1) Group 1 (Sham-control), ureters of the rats were manipulated but not ligated; (2) Group 2 (PUUO-untreated), PUUO was performed with two-thirds of the left ureter embedded in the psoas muscle; and (3) Group 3 (PUUO-nicorandil treated). After PUUO was established, nicorandil (15 mg/kg/day) was administered by gastric lavage for 21 days to determine its effects on PUUO-induced histopathological-, functional-, and oxidative stress-induced changes. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were reduced in Group 3. The level of urinary albumin and the ratio of urinary protein/creatinine were increased in the kidneys of Group 2 but decreased in Group 3. Malondialdehyde value was decreased in Group 3 compared with Group 2. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were decreased in Group 2. Nicorandil treatment caused an increase in these enzyme activities. In Group 3, leukocyte infiltration and tubular dilatation were significantly reduced. Other parameters, such as degeneration of tubular epithelium and fibrosis, also showed a marked improvement in Group 3. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in Group 2 and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in Group 3 were significantly elevated. Nicorandil can inhibit renal tubular damage and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by reducing the effects of oxidative stress after PUUO. Copyright (C) 2017, Kaohsiung Medical University. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.

WOS:000282219500004 PubMed: 20877949 Purpose: To evaluate the effects of sirolimus (SRL) on renal injury in rats with bile duct ligation. Methods: A total of 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-260g were used. Group 1 (Sham-control, n=7) rats were undergone laparotomy alone and bile duct was just dissected from the surrounding tissue. Group 2 rats (BDL/Untreated, n=7) were subjected to bile duct ligation and no drug was applied. Group 3 rats (BDL/SRL, n=7) received a daily dose of sirolimus (0.5 mg.day(-1)xkg(-1) dissolved 1 ml in saline) by orogastric tube for 14 days after BDL. At the end of the two-week period, biochemical and histological evaluation were processed. Results: AST, ALT, AP and TB levels values were decreased in group 3 when compared to group 2. There was no significant difference in serum levels of BUN and creatinine among all the experimental groups. Histological evaluation of the liver of BDL/Untreated group rats demonstrated marked portal fibrosis and signs of major bile duct obstruction with prominent portal and lobular inflammation. In BDL/SRL group, moderate damage was seen. Tubular injury scores were higher in the BDL subgroups; however, group 3 rats showed considerably fewer lesions in the tubules and interstitium compared to the group 2 rats. In group 2 animals, in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules presented vacuoles and hydropic changes, atrophy and inflammatory cell infiltrate in the medullar interstitium. Conclusions: Sirolimus decreased tubulointerstitial lesions in kidney induced by bile duct ligation in rats. The improve effects of sirolimus on renal morphology can be due to improved liver function or due to direct action on the kidney.

PURPOSE: Urethrocutaneous fistula and neourethral dehiscence are frequently seen complications of hypospadias surgery requiring reoperation. In this study we report the experience of one surgeon with dartos flap coverage in primary hypospadias, reoperative hypospadias and urethrocutaneous fistulas repair. METHODS: A total of 23 patients underwent hypospadias and urethrocutaneous fistulas repair from January 2006 to May 2009. Fourteen patients were operated on for primary hypospadias repair at our institution and 9 patients were admitted for hypospadias complications such as failed hypospadias repair and urethrocutaneous fistula. In all the patients, the dartos flap was dissected and transposed to cover the neourethra. Operative results were recorded. RESULTS: The primary surgical procedure was a one-stage repair in 61% (n = 14); tubularised incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty in 43% (n = 6) and a Mathieu procedure in 57% (n = 8). Urethrocutaneous fistulas complicating the previous initial hypospadias repair were anterior in 33% (n = 2), middle in 33% (n = 2) and proximal in 33% (n = 2). Repair of the fistula was successful on the first attempt in all patients. The reason for redo surgery in 3 patients was complete dehiscence and the patients had distal shaft hypospadias. CONCLUSION: Dartos flap coverage of the neourethra seems to be an effective method of reducing the fistulous complication rate following primary and secondary hypospadias repair. OBJETIVO: Fístulas uretrocutâneas e deiscências são complicações frequentes na cirurgia das hipospádias necessitando reoperações. Este estudo é baseado na experiência pessoal de um cirurgião utilizando um retalho pediculado do músculo dartos para cobertura da neouretra na correção primária de hipospádias, reoperações de hipospádias e correção de fístulas uretrocutâneas. MÉTODOS: Vinte e três pacientes foram operados sendo 14 submetidos a cirurgia primária de hipospádia e 9 a reoperações por insucesso da correção primária ou por fístulas uretrocutâneas. Em todos os pacientes, um retalho pediculado do músculo dartos foi mobilizado e utilizado para recobrir a neouretra. RESULTADOS: Para a cirurgia primária da hipospádia foi utilizada técnica de correção em um só tempo (n=14): uretroplastia tubularizada com incisão da placa (TIP) em 43% (n=6) e técnica de Mathieu em 57% (n=8). As fístulas uretrocutâneas resultantes de correções primárias anteriores eram de localização anterior em 33% (n=2), média em 33% (n=2) e proximal em 33% (n=2). A correção das fístulas uretrocutâneas resultou em sucesso em todos os pacientes. Três pacientes necessitaram de reoperação por deiscência completa e em todos a hipospádia era distal. CONCLUSÕES: O emprego do retalho pediculado do músculo dartos para recobrir a neouretra é um método eficaz que reduz a incidência de fístulas em cirurgias primárias e nas reoperações de hipospádias.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of iloprost a prostacyclin analogue on the hepatic IR injury in rats. METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were divided into four groups each containing 10 rats;(1)- controls: data from unmanipulated animals; (2) sham group: rats subjected to the surgical procedure, except for liver I/R, and given saline; (3) I/R group: rats that underwent liver ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 45 min; (4) IR/ Iloprost group: rats pretreated with iloprost (10 µg kg-1, i.v). Liver tissues were taken to determine SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA levels and for biochemical and histological evaluation. RESULTS: The plasma ALT and AST levels were increased in group 3 than in group 4. MDA values and the liver injury score decreased, while the SOD, CAT, and GSH values increased in group 4 compared to group 3. In group 3, hepatocytes were swollen with marked vacuolization. In group 4, there were regular sinusoidal structures with normal morphology without any signs of congestion. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated hepatoprotective effects of iloprost against severe ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat liver. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do iloprost, um análogo da prostaciclina nos danos causados ao fígado de ratos pela lesão de IR. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratos machos Sprague-Dawley (250-300 g) foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de dez; - (1) grupo de controle: dados de animais não manipulados; (2) grupo "sham": ratos que sofreram intervenção cirúrgica sem I/R, aos quais foram administrados solução salina; (3) grupo I/R; animais que foram submetidos à isquemia por 45 minutos seguida de reperfusão por 45 minutos; (4) grupo I R/Iloprost: ratos previamente tratados com Iloprost ( 10µ kg-1, i.v). Tecidos hepáticos foram retirados para determinar os níveis de SOD, CAT, GSH, e MDA e para avaliação bioquímica e histológica. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de plasma ALT e AST aumentaram no grupo 3 mais do que no grupo 4. Os valores de MDA e o índice de lesões hepáticas diminuíram, enquanto os valores de SOD, CAT e GSH aumentaram no grupo 4, em comparação com o grupo3. No grupo 3, os hepatócitos se apresentaram edemaciados, e vacuolizados. No grupo 4, havia estruturas sinusoidais regulares, apresentando morfologia normal, sem sinais de congestão. CONCLUSÃO: Demonstramos os efeitos hepato-protetores do Iloprost contra a isquemia grave e o dano de reperfusão no fígado de ratos.

H, Ozturk/0000-0001-5608-5742 WOS: 000262472300012 PubMed: 19142813 Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury remains the leading cause of acute renal failure. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the role of dexmedetomidine on histologic alterations induced by renal I-R in rats. In the present study, thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly assigned into three groups: the sham-control group (group 1, n = 10), the R/untreated group (group 2, n = 10), and the I-R/dexmedetomidine-treated group (group 3, n = 10). For group one, we performed a sham operation. The abdomen was dissected, the right kidney was harvested, and then the left renal pedicle exposed. Renal clamping was not applied. For group 2, rats underwent left renal ischemia for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion for 45 minutes. For group 3, the same surgical procedure as in group 2 was performed, and dexmedetomidine (100 g/kg, intraperitoneal) was administrated at the starting time of reperfusion. The rats were sacrificed after reperfusion, and the kidney tissue was harvested. The histopathological score in the kidney of the I-R/dexmedetomidine-treated group rats was significantly lower than that of I-R/untreated group rats. This score in I-R/untreated group rats was higher than the other two groups, which was statistically significant. In the I-R/untreated group rats, kidneys of untreated ischemia rats showed tubular cell swelling, cellular vacuolization, pyknotic nuclei, medullary congestion, and moderate to severe necrosis. Treatment with dexmedetomidine shows normal glomeruli and slight edema of the tubular cells. These findings provide the first evidence that dexmedetomidine can reduce the renal injury caused by I-R of the kidney, and may be useful in enhancing the tolerance of the kidney against renal injury.

PURPOSE: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) have been extensively used in neonates. However, insertion of these thinnest catheters is a very delicate procedure associated with a high failure rate. In our Neonatal Surgical Intensive Care Unit, we developed a very easy new PICC insertion and evaluated the neonates treated with PICCs which were inserted by using our technique as well as catheter features such as success rate, number of insertion attempts, reason for removal and complications. METHODS: Information was retrospectively collected on all 40 PICCs inserted at Kutahya Evliya Celebi Goverment Hospital and Dicle University Hospital during a 6-years period from September 2004 to September 2010. RESULTS: A total of 40 PICCs were inserted in 37 patients (26, 70% males, 11, 30% females) by using new technique. The median age of patients was 8.3 days (range 1 to 66 days) and the median weight of patients was 2365 g (range 600 to 5000 g). The vein most commonly accessed was long saphenous vein (85%). The length of PICCs in the body was 19.6 cm (range 5 cm to 30 cm). The tip was located in a central vein in all patients. Surgical abdomen was the most common cause for PICC insertion (38%). Duration of catheterization was 7.7±5.6 days (1-F 5.5 days, 2-F 8.6 days). Almost all of the PICCs were inserted successfully (40/42, success rate 95%) and in the first venipucture (36/42, 86%). Completion of therapy and removed after death were achieved with 87% of PICCs. Three minor complications were noted. Minor bleeding in the insertion site which was stopped via compression occurred in two neonates. Major complication was not seen. No deaths were directly attributed to PICCs use. CONCLUSION: The new insertion technique of the neonatal peripherally inserted central catheters may be one of the easiest and safest techniques, in comparison to previous techniques reported in the literature. OBJETIVO: Cateteres centrais de inserção periférica (PICC) têm sido usados extensivamente em neonatos. Entretanto, a inserção destes cateteres tão finos é um procedimento muito delicado associado a uma elevada taxa de falha. Em nossa Unidade de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal, nós desenvolvemos uma técnica muito fácil de inserção de PICC e avaliamos os neonatos tratados com PICCs que foram inseridos usando nossa técnica assim como características relacionadas ao cateter tais como taxa de sucesso, número de tentativas de inserção, razão de remoção e complicações. MÉTODOS: Informações foram coletadas retrospectivamente de todos os 40 PICCs inseridos no Kutahya Evliya Celebi Goverment Hospital e Dicle University Hospital durante um período de seis anos, desde Setembro de 2004 até Setembro de 2010. RESULTADOS: Um total de 40 PICCs foi inserido em 37 pacientes (26 homens, 70%, 11 mulheres, 30%) usando a nova técnica. A idade media dos pacientes foi de 8,3 dias (variando entre 1 e 66 dias) e a mediana do peso dos pacientes foi 2365g (variando entre 600g e 5000g). A veia mais comumente acessada foi a veia safena magna (85%). O comprimento mediano do PICC no corpo foi 19,6 cm (variando entre 5 cm e 30 cm). A ponta foi alocada em uma veia central em todos os pacientes. Cirurgia abdominal foi a causa mais comum de uso do PICC (38%). A duração do cateterismo foi 7,7±5,6 dias. Quase todos os PICCs foram inseridos com sucesso (40/42, taxa de sucesso de 95%) e na primeira venopunção (36/42, 86%). O término da terapia e a remoção após morte ocorreu em 87% dos PICCs. Foram observadas três complicações menores. Pequeno sangramento no local da inserção, que parou com compressão, ocorreu em dois neonatos. Complicações importantes não foram observadas. Nenhuma morte foi diretamente atribuída ao uso do PICC. CONCLUSÃO: A nova técnica de inserção periférica de cateteres centrais em neonatos pode ser um procedimento seguro e fácil, comparando com as técnicas previamente relatadas na literatura.

Introduction: In this study, we investigate the effect of montelukast on histologic damage induced by testicular torsion-detorsion in rats. Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 3 groups, each containing 7 rats. A sham operation was performed in group 1 (control). In group 2 (ischemia-reperfusion [IR]/ untreated), 1-hour detorsion of the testis was performed after 6 hours of unilateral testicular torsion. In group 3 (I-R/dextroamphetamine), after performing the same surgical procedures as in group 2, montelukast was given intraperitoneally. In all experimental rats, ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed for histological examination and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione and myeloperoxidase assays. Results: Montelukast treatment significantly decreased the I-Rinduced elevation in testes tissue MDA and glutathione levels were found to be preserved. The level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was significantly increased in the testes tissue of the IR/ untreated group. However, in I-R/montelukast treatment group significantly decreased testes tissue MPO level. Histopathologically, the in the group 2 rats, edema, congestion, hemorrhage between seminiferous tubules and necrosis of the germinal cells were predominant features in sections. However, most of the specimens in the montelukast treated group 3 showed grades-I and II injury. Additionally, the testicular injury score was lower in group 3 rats compared with group 2. Conclusion: The current findings demonstrate that the montelukast decreased the severity of testicular injury by reversing the oxidative effects of testes I-R. Introduction : Dans cette etude, nous examinons l’effet du montelukast sur les lesions tissulaires provoquees par torsion-detorsion testiculaire chez le rat. Methodologie : Vingt-et-un rats Sprague-Dawley mâles ont ete repartis en trois groupes de 7 rats. Une operation fictive a ete realisee dans le groupe 1 (groupe temoin). Dans le groupe 2 (ischemie-reperfusion / non traite), une detorsion testiculaire d’une heure a ete realisee apres 6 heures de torsion testiculaire unilaterale. Dans le groupe 3 (ischemie-reperfusion / dextroamphetamine), on a administre du montelukast par voie intraperitoneale apres les memes interventions chirurgicales que pour le groupe 2. Chez tous les rats, une orchidectomie homolaterale a ete effectuee en vue d’un examen histologique et de mesures du malonaldehyde, du glutathion et de la myeloperoxidase dans les tissus. Resultats : Le traitement par montelukast a significativement reduit l’elevation dans les tissus testiculaires provoquee par l’ischemiereperfusion, mais les taux de malonaldehyde et de glutathion sont demeures les memes. Le niveau d’activite de la myeloperoxidase (MPO) a significativement augmente dans les tissus testiculaires du groupe ayant subi l’ischemie-reperfusion sans traitement subsequent. Cependant, dans le groupe ayant subi l’ischemiereperfusion avec traitement par montelukast, le taux de MPO dans les tissus testiculaires avait significativement diminue. Selon les examens d’histopathologie, dans le groupe 2, de l’oedeme, de la congestion, des hemorragies entre les tubules seminiferes et une necrose des cellules germinales etaient les caracteristiques predominantes observees dans les coupes. Par comparaison, la plupart des echantillons du groupe 3 (traite par montelukast) presentaient des lesions de stade I et II. En outre, le score de lesions testiculaires etait plus faible dans le groupe 3 que dans le groupe 2. Conclusion : Les observations actuelles montrent que l’administration de montelukast diminue la gravite des lesions testiculaires en annulant les effets oxydatifs de l’ischemie-reperfusion des testicules.

WOS:000246884800001 PubMed: 17497436 This study was designed to determine the effect of L-arginine on hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) levels considered to be involved in the development of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Unilaterally nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 minutes of left renal ischeMia followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion. Group I were sham-operated animals; group 2, I-R/Untreated animals; and group 3, I-R/L-Arg-treated animals. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA eve were determined as well as examining the kidneys histologicall The treatment of rats with L-Arg produced a significant reduction in the levels of BUN, creatinine, MDA, and histopathological score compared to renal I/R groups. The Shh expression in the tubulus epithelia were intensely increased in the I-R/L-Arg group when compared to that of the Sham-control and the I-R/ untreated groups. Additionally, the HIF-fix expression in the tubulus epithelia and the interstitial spaces were intensely increased in the I-R/L-Arg group. These findings suggest that NO reduces the renal dysfunction associated with I/R of the kidney and may act as a trigger to induce Shh and HIF-1 activity.

WOS:000240646900020 PubMed: 16981272 AIM: To evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on liver damage in rats with bile duct ligation. METHODS: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 165-205 g, were used in this study. Group 1 (sham-control, n = 10) rats underwent laparotomy alone and the bile duct,was just dissected from the surrounding tissue. Group 2 rats (untreated, n = 10) were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) and no drug was applied. Group 3 rats (low-dose dexa, n = 10) received a daily dose of dexamethasone by orogastric tube for 14 d after BDL. Group 4 rats (high-dose dexa, n = 10) received a daily dose of dexamethasone by orogastric tube for 14 d after BDL. At the end of the two-week period, biochemical and histological evaluations were processed. RESULTS: The mean serum bilirubin and liver enzyme levels significantly decreased, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) values were significantly increased in low-dose dexa and high-dose dexa groups when compared to the untreated group. The histopathological score was significantly less in the low-close and high-dose dexa groups compared to the untreated rats. In the low-dose dexa group, moderate liver damage was seen, while mild liver damage was observed in the high-dose dexa group. CONCLUSION: Corticosteroids reduced liver damage produced by bile duct obstruction. However, the histopathological score was not significantly lower in the high-dose corticosteroid group as compared to the low-dose group. Thus, low-dose corticosteroid provides a significant reduction of liver damage without increased side effects, while high dose is associated not with lower fibrosis but with increased side effects.

ÖZET Safra yollarının bağlanması ile ortaya çıkan kolestazis karaciğerde fibrosis gelişmesine neden olan ana faktörlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada safra yolları ligasyonu yapılan sıçanlarda karaciğer bozukluğu üzerine deksametzonun etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. 40 prepubertal Sprague-Dawley sıçan (170-220 gr) kullanıldı. Grup 1 (sham- kontrol, n=10) sıçanlarda safra kanalı çevre dokularından diseke edildikten sonra herhangi bir işlem yapılmadı. Grup 2 sıçanlarda (tedavi verilmeyen, n=10) safra yolları ayrıştırılarak bağlandı. Grup 3 sıçanlarda (düşük doz deksametazon, n=10) safra yolları ligasyonu sonrası deksametzon 14 gün gastrik tüp yoluyla verildi. Grup 4 sıçanlarda (yüksek doz deksametazon, n=10) safra yolları ligasyonu sonrası deksametazon 14 gün gastrik tüp yoluyla verildi, iki haftanın sonunda biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik değerlendirme yapıldı. İki haftalık safra yolları obstrüksiyonu sonrası serum bilirubin ve karaciğer enzimleri Grup 2, 3 ve 4'de kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında belirgin olarak arttı. Grup 2'de portal ve periportal biliyer duktlarda proliferasyon, hepatositlerde disorganizasyon, portal aralıkta dilatasyon, polimorfonüklear lökosit infiltrasyonu fibrozis ve hepatosit nekrozu gözlendi. Grup 3 ve 4'de hepatosit nekrozu ve fibrozis gözlenmedi. Karaciğer kollojen birikimi Grup 2'de deksametazon gruplarına göre daha fazla artış gösterdi. Kollojen birikimi Grup 4'de tedavi verilmeyen Grup 2'ye çok daha az bulundu. Sonuç olarak, deksametazon safra yolu obstrüksiyonlu sıçanlarda fibrozisin önlenmesinde anahtar rol oynayabilir Anahtar kelimeler: safra yolu ligasyonu, karaciğer fibrozisi, deksametazon 40 Summary Cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) is one of the main factors causing liver fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on liver damage in rats with bile duct ligation. Forty male prepubertal Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 170-220 g were studies. Group 1 (sham-control, n=10) rats were only undergone laparotomy and bile duct was dissected from surrounding tissue. Group 2 rats (BDL / Untreated, n=10) subjected to bile duct ligation and no drug was applied. Group 3 rats (BDL / low-dose dexamethasone, n =10) received a daily dose of dexamethasone by gastric tube for 14 days after BDL. Group 4 rats (BDL/ top-dose dexamethasone, n =10) received a daily dose of dexamethasone by gastric tube for 14 days after BDL. At the end of the two-week, biochemical and histological evaluation was processed. Serum bilirubin and liver enzymes were significantly increased in the Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 in comparison with the sham-control group two weeks after BDL. In the group 2, proliferation of portal and periportal biliary ductules with disorganization of the hepatocytes plates dilated portal spaces and areas of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate, fibrosis and hepatocytes necrosis were observed. In group 3 and 4, hepatocytes necrosis and fibrosis were not present. The collogen content in liver was increased at two weeks after obstruction in the group 2 when compared to group 3 and 4. Collagen expression was not observed in group 4 in contrast to group 2. Dexamethasone on liver damage in rats with bile duct ligation may be a key factor in the prevention of fibrosis. Key words: bile duct ligation, hepatic fibrosis, dexamethasone 41 40

WOS: 000261768200008 PubMed: 19084917 AIM: To investigate the effects of resveratrol on liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. METHODS: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-290 g were randomized into four groups of ten: (1) controls: data from unmanipulated animals; (2) sham group: rats subjected to the surgical procedure, except for liver I/R, and given saline; (3) I/R group: rats underwent liver ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 45 min; (4) I-R/Resveratrol group: rats pretreated with resveratrol (10 mu mol/L, iv). Liver tissues were obtained to determine antioxidant enzyme levels and for biochemical and histological evaluation. RESULTS: Plasma aminotransferase activities were higher in the I/R group than in the I-R/Resveratrol group. Malondialdehyde levels and the hepatic injury score decreased, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased in group 4 compared to group 3. In group 4, histopathological changes were significantly attenuated in resveratrol-treated livers. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that resveratrol has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury, and is a potential therapeutic drug for ischemia reperfusionrelated liver injury. (C) 2008 The WIG Press. All rights reserved.

WOS:000248382500010 PubMed: 17657839 AIM: To investigate the role of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) on the course of liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in rats, and the interaction between treatment with nitric oxide donor L-Arginine-methyl ester (L-Arg) and up-regulation of Shh expression. METHODS: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-240 g were used in this study. Shamcontrol group (G1, n = 10): a sham operation was performed (except for liver I/R). I/R-untreated group (G2, n = 10): rats underwent liver ischemia for 1 h followed by reperfusion for 45 min. I/R-L-Arg group (G3, n = 10): after performing the same surgical procedure as in group 2, animals were treated with L-Arg. Liver tissues were taken for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and biochemical and histological evaluations were made. RESULTS: Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activities were higher in group 2 than in group 3. MDA values and the hepatic injury score decreased in the L-Arg treated group compared to the I/R-untreated group. In group 2, the hepatocytes were swollen with marked vacuolization. Group 3 rats showed well-preserved liver parenchyma, with hepatocytes extending from the central vein. The morphology of the hepatocytes and the sinusoidal structures was normal, without any signs of congestion. Mild Shh positive immunostaining was detected in group 2 animals. The expression of immunoreactive cells was increased markedly in liver tissue from I/R-L-Arg rats. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that Shh molecules are critical factors in the pathophysiology of inflammatory liver injury induced by I/R. In addition, NO plays an important role in the immunohistochemical expression of these molecules. (c) 2007 WJG. All rights reserved.