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The Coronavirus disease is quickly spreading all over the world and the emergency situation is still out of control. Latest achievements of deep learning algorithms suggest the use of deep Convolutional Neural Network to implement a computer-aided diagnostic system for automatic classification of COVID-19 CT images. In this paper, we propose to employ a feature-wise attention layer in order to enhance the discriminative features obtained by convolutional networks. Moreover, the original performance of the network has been improved using the mixup data augmentation technique. This work compares the proposed attention-based model against the stacked attention networks, and traditional versus mixup data augmentation approaches. We deduced that feature-wise attention extension, while outperforming the stacked attention variants, achieves remarkable improvements over the baseline convolutional neural networks. That is, ResNet50 architecture extended with a feature-wise attention layer obtained 95.57% accuracy score, which, to best of our knowledge, fixes the state-of-the-art in the challenging COVID-CT dataset.

Colon cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. In this study, the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and the Capecitabine in CRC were investigated. Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups with 12 animals in each group: untreated healthy and CRC groups, healthy and CRC groups treated with TCAE or Capecitabine, and healthy and CRC groups treated with both TCAE and Capecitabine. Azoxymethane was used in all CRC groups. TCAE and Capecitabine were administered to the relevant groups starting in the 15th week. All rats were euthanized after 18 weeks, and tissue samples were collected. The mRNA levels of Bcl–2, Bax, and Cas–3 in the harvested tissues were determined using real–time PCR and histopathologically abnormal crypt foci (ACF) scores were determined. It was found that TCAE modulated the decreased Bax/Bcl–2 expression rate in the CC group, but had the opposite effect in healthy animals, which was significantly reduced compared to the healthy groups (P0.05). Importantly, single and combined use of TCAE and Capecitabine in rats with CRC significantly reduced ACF scores (P

Metaverse (MV) technology introduces new tools for users each day. MV companies have a significant share in the total stock markets today, and their size is increasing. However, MV technologies are questioned as to whether they contribute to environmental pollution with their increasing energy consumption (EC). This study explores complex nonlinear contagion with tail dependence and causality between MV stocks, EC, and environmental pollution proxied with carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) with a decade-long daily dataset covering 18 May 2012–16 March 2023. The Mandelbrot–Wallis and Lo’s rescaled range (R/S) tests confirm long-term dependence and fractionality, and the largest Lyapunov exponents, Shannon and Havrda, Charvât, and Tsallis (HCT) entropy tests followed by the Kolmogorov–Sinai (KS) complexity measure confirm chaos, entropy, and complexity. The Brock, Dechert, and Scheinkman (BDS) test of independence test confirms nonlinearity, and White‘s test of heteroskedasticity of nonlinear forms and Engle’s autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity test confirm heteroskedasticity, in addition to fractionality and chaos. In modeling, the marginal distributions are modeled with Markov-Switching Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Copula (MS-GARCH–Copula) processes with two regimes for low and high volatility and asymmetric tail dependence between MV, EC, and CO2 in all regimes. The findings indicate relatively higher contagion with larger copula parameters in high-volatility regimes. Nonlinear causality is modeled under regime-switching heteroskedasticity, and the results indicate unidirectional causality from MV to EC, from MV to CO2, and from EC to CO2, in addition to bidirectional causality among MV and EC, which amplifies the effects on air pollution. The findings of this paper offer vital insights into the MV, EC, and CO2 nexus under chaos, fractionality, and nonlinearity. Important policy recommendations are generated.

Purpose: The present study investigated the root canal configuration of maxillary second molars with root fusion using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Materials Methods: A total of 136 fused maxillary second molars were scanned with micro-computed tomography. Images were transferred to CTAn v.1.18.8 software (Bruker-microCT) to obtain three-dimensional models. The specimens were classified according to the fusion type. According to Vertucci, classification of the root canal configuration of fused roots was determined using CTVol v. 2.3.2.0 (Bruker-microCT) and DataViewer v.1.5.6 (Bruker-microCT) softwares. The specimens that could not be represented were also specified. The frequency of canal configuration according to the fusion type was calculated. Results: For Type 1 fusion (n=40) and Type 2 fusion (n=22), the most common canal configuration for mesiobuccal (MB), distobuccal (DB) and palatal (P) canals was Type I. In type 3 fusion specimens (n = 21), DB and P canals were completely fused in 1 sample in accordance with Vertucci type IV, while in the remaining specimens, types II, I, V, VI and IV were observed in decreasing order in the MB canal. In type 4 fusion, MB and DB canals were completely fused in 4 of 21 specimens and showed Vertucci type VI, II, I and III configurations. In the remaining 17 samples, MB had Vertucci type I, II, IV, V, VI, VII configurations, while DB showed type I, V and III configurations. In 7 samples with type 5 fusion all canals displayed different configurations. In type 6 fusion, the canal configurations of 6 samples could not be classified. Type II, I, and V configurations were seen in 9 of the remaining 19 samples with a single canal. Conclusion: Vertucci type I was the dominant canal configuration in the P and DB, however, MB showed much more diverse configurations either independently or when included in fusion.

In the present study, characterization and beneficiation tests were performed on an iron ore sample for the evaluation of separation efficiency (SE) of different methods. Results showed that the decrease in feed size fraction increases the SE irrespective of to beneficiation method. It was determined from the liberation analyses that the increase in SE values at finer size fractions is related withhigher liberation. Calculated SE values revealed that operational parameters significantly affect the SE of all methods and the net forces acting on particles play an important role on SE of different size fractions. Mean SE of different size fractions showed that the separation efficiencies of gravity concentration and magnetic separation takes similar values above 1 mm, however, SE of magnetic separation is significantly higher than gravity concentration below 1 mm for the studied sample. For low grade ores, it is very crucial to develop a flow sheet to achieve the optimum grade and recovery while decreasing the cost likely by using optimum method. Therefore, SE calculations used in this research can be used as a basic method to compare the efficiency of different beneficiation methods. SE method has advantages as they provide fast evaluation of efficiency by using experimental results.

Measurement(s) Social Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic • Psychological Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic • State-Trait Anxiety Inventory • Measurement of Distress Intolerance • Economic Behavior • Usage of debit/credit card • Online Shopping • Stockpiling • Safety perception • Community safety perception • Feeling uneasy in crowded places • Self-rated health • Personal hygiene behaviour • Having a chronic disease • Diagnosed Covid-19 • Working Home office • Demographic Technology Type(s) Survey Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens Sample Characteristic - Environment Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) of Turkey Sample Characteristic - Location Turkey

Background: We aimed to investigate the extent to which ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is used as a bridging or definitive therapy for grade II and III acute cholecystitis and whether this treatment causes significant changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and direct bilirubin (DB) levels in the first 72 h and the first three weeks. Methods: We included 145 consecutive patients who underwent PC over 17 years. No patient had cirrhosis. PC was performed in the interventional radiology department under US guidance. Results: US-guided PC was the definitive treatment for more than half of the patients (51.7%) and decreased DB levels significantly more than CRP levels. Conclusion: No statistically significant correlation between those whose CRP and DB levels normalized within three weeks and those who did not and required a second invasive procedure. Nevertheless, the bridging treatment group was significantly older than the definitive treatment group.

Submersible pumps, widely used in deep wells drilled to meet the water needs of users in urban areas, add an additional load to the conventional electricity grid infrastructure and are responsible for increasing the concentration of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The main objective of this study is to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of using solar photovoltaic (PV) energy to reduce the net power drawn from the grid by submersible pumps in urban water supply systems. The Germiraltı catchment area (Kayseri, Turkey), which provides all of its energy needs from the city electricity grid, was chosen as the research area. Two different scenarios, ‘hybrid-powered water pumping system’ and ‘grid-connected PV system’, were analyzed and evaluated. A 1,620 kWp grid-connected PV system can inject 2,787.8 MWh/year of energy into the grid, which is more than the total annual energy need of the submersible pumps. The system operates with 85.7% performance ratio (PR), 19.6% capacity factor (CF) and 4.71 (h/d) final yield. The payback period of the system is calculated as 4.1 years. The results show that it is economically competitive to meet the energy needs of submersible pumps in urban water supply systems with solar PV energy. HIGHLIGHTS Submersible pumps, which have been widely used in urban water supply systems, consume a considerable amount of energy.; Feasibility of using solar PV energy in urban water supply systems is investigated.; Two scenarios, ‘hybrid-powered water pumping system’ and ‘grid-connected PV system’, are analyzed and evaluated.; The grid-connected PV system is found to be a more feasible and viable alternative for Germiraltı catchment area.;

Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate patients who underwent endovascular treatment due to abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and ruptured AAAs at our center, especially in terms of secondary interventions performed during endovascular treatment and to compare the obtained data with the current literature. Patients and methods: A total of 137 patients underwent endovascular stent graft implantation due to AAA and ruptured AAA at our center, between 2004-2012. Eighty-one patients whose preoperative CT scans could be obtained were recruited in the study. Demographic data, preoperative aneurysm diameters, aneurysm neck lengths, neck angles, success rate for stent placement, perioperative mortality rate ( [Turk J Vasc Surg 2022; 31(1.000): 15-24]

Aim:The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based texture analysis (TA) to differentiate the two most common lung malformations, congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) and pulmonary sequestration (PS).Materials and Methods:This retrospective single-center study included 24 patients with CPAM and 8 patients with PS who had a fetal MRI examination between January 2015 and December 2020. T2-weighted coronal images were used for TA. One reader designated the malformation borders and drew a region-of-interest for TA. The differences in values of the texture features between the groups were assessed and receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated for each statistically significant feature. P-value

Abstract The transition to renewable energy sources requires extensive changes to the energy system infrastructure, ranging from individual households to the national scale. During this transition, stakeholders must be able to make informed decisions, researchers need to investigate possible options and analyse scenarios, and the public should be informed about developments and options for future infrastructure. The data and parameters required for this are manifold and it is often difficult to create an overview of the current situation for a region of interest. We propose an environmental information system for the visualisation and exploration of large collections of heterogeneous data in the scope of energy system infrastructure and subsurface geological energy storage technologies. Based on the study area of Schleswig-Holstein, a federal state in Germany, we have set up a virtual geographic environment integrating GIS data, topographical models, subsurface information, and simulation results. The resulting application allows users to explore data collection within a unified context in 3D space, interact with datasets, and watch animations of selected simulation scenarios to gain a better understanding of the complex interactions of processes and datasets. Based on the cross-platform game engine Unity, our framework can be used on regular PCs, head-mounted displays, and virtual reality environments and can support domain scientists during assessment and exploration of the data, encourages discussions and is an effective means for outreach activities and presentations for stakeholders or the interested public.

Background: The objective of this study was to conduct a randomized controlled trial in order to examine the hemodynamic impacts of two different doses of intrathecal isobaric bupivacaine (5 mg and 7 mg) when combined with 15 µg fentanyl in the context of patients undergoing caesarean section under combined spinal epidural anesthesia. Methods: Eighty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, aged between 16–50 years, who would undergo elective caesarean section under combined spinal epidural anaesthesia were randomly allocated to Group A and Group B (n = 40, for each group). Group A patients received a solution containing 5 mg isobaric bupivacaine + 15 µg fentanyl (1.3 mL), while Group B patients received a solution containing 7 mg isobaric bupivacaine + 15 µg fentanyl (1.7 mL) intrathecally. Incidences of hypotension, intraoperative systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, motor block resolving time, and analgesia duration were recorded. Results: Group A had a substantially lower incidence of hypotension than Group B (p = 0.022). Patients in Group B had significantly lower systolic blood pressure values at the 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 15th, and 30th minutes of the surgery compared to Group A (p = 0.012, p = 0.014, p = 0.005, p = 0.016, p < 0,001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.011; respectively). Both groups had similar diastolic blood pressure and heart rate values during surgery (p > 0.05). The motor block resolving time and analgesia duration were longer in Group B compared to Group A (p < 0.001 for both). Two (5%) patients in Group A and ten (25%) patients in Group B experienced postoperative itching (p = 0.012). Conclusions: We concluded that combining 5 mg isobaric bupivacaine with 15 mcg of fentanyl administered intrathecally provides adequate anaesthesia while maintaining better hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing caesarean section. Clinical Trial Registration: The study has been registered with registration number NCT05136040 on https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=+NCT05136040&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=.

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging offers unrivaled visualization of the fetal brain, forming the basis for establishing age-specific morphologic milestones. However, gauging age-appropriate neural development remains a difficult task due to the constantly changing appearance of the fetal brain, variable image quality, and frequent motion artifacts. Here we present an end-to-end, attention-guided deep learning model that predicts gestational age with R2 score of 0.945, mean absolute error of 6.7 days, and concordance correlation coefficient of 0.970. The convolutional neural network was trained on a heterogeneous dataset of 741 developmentally normal fetal brain images ranging from 19 to 39 weeks in gestational age. We also demonstrate model performance and generalizability using independent datasets from four academic institutions across the U.S. and Turkey with R2 scores of 0.81–0.90 after minimal fine-tuning. The proposed regression algorithm provides an automated machine-enabled tool with the potential to better characterize in utero neurodevelopment and guide real-time gestational age estimation after the first trimester.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder, currently affecting ~7 million people worldwide. PD is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with at least 10% of all cases explained by a monogenic cause or strong genetic risk factor. However, the vast majority of our present data on monogenic PD is based on the investigation of patients of European White ancestry, leaving a large knowledge gap on monogenic PD in underrepresented populations. Gene-targeted therapies are being developed at a fast pace and have started entering clinical trials. In light of these developments, building a global network of centers working on monogenic PD, fostering collaborative research, and establishing a clinical trial-ready cohort is imperative. Based on a systematic review of the English literature on monogenic PD and a successful team science approach, we have built up a network of 59 sites worldwide and have collected information on the availability of data, biomaterials, and facilities. To enable access to this resource and to foster collaboration across centers, as well as between academia and industry, we have developed an interactive map and online tool allowing for a quick overview of available resources, along with an option to filter for specific items of interest. This initiative is currently being merged with the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2), which will attract additional centers with a focus on underrepresented sites. This growing resource and tool will facilitate collaborative research and impact the development and testing of new therapies for monogenic and potentially for idiopathic PD patients.

Aim : During the COVID-19 pandemic, all elective surgeries, except emergency surgeries and surgeries for patients with malignancy, were postponed. However, thoracic surgery clinics continued to operate during the pandemic. In this study, patients who presented to the thoracic surgery clinic of our hospital during and those who presented before the COVID-19 pandemic were compared, and changes in characteristics of the patients presenting to the thoracic surgery clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated. Materials and methods: Age, gender, and reason for admission to the hospital were documented for all patients who presented to the thoracic surgery clinic of our hospital during March 2019–March 2020 and March 2020–March 2021. Patients presenting to the clinic were categorized into malignancy, trauma, chest pain, pneumothorax, and other disease groups. Results: In total, 947 patients presented to the clinic in the prepandemic period. Conversely, 756 patients presented to the clinic during the pandemic. In the prepandemic period, 353 patients presented with trauma; this number decreased to 154 during the pandemic. Additionally, during the pandemic, a decrease was observed in all patient admissions other than those due to malignancies. Conclusion: During the pandemic, there has been a decrease in patient admissions due to trauma, mostly as a result of curfews and restrictions. However, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients presenting with lung malignancies during the pandemic. This may be due to findings of incidental lung masses in the thoracic computed tomography performed after COVID-19 prediagnosis.

Lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer. This study aims to investigate the relationship between lymph node involvement and the depth of chest wall invasion. Thirty-three patients who were operated on between 2015 and 2019 for radiologically and pathologically diagnosed chest wall invasion were retrospectively reviewed. Thirtytwo of the patients were male (97.3%) and 1 was female (2.7%) with an average age of 59.4 years. The tumor had a mean diameter of 5.81cm. The invasion was in the posterior part of the chest wall in 17 patients (51.5%), lateral in 11 (33.3%) and anterior chest wall in 5 patients (15.2%). Pleural, soft tissue and costal involvement was present in 32, 19 and 9 cases, respectively. A statistically negative correlation was observed between the depth of chest wall invasion and metastasis of lymph nodes no. 2, 4, 7, 10 and 11 (p:0.041, p:0.006, p:0.011, p:0.025, and p:0.009, respectively). As the invasion progresses towards the periphery, the result of the histopathological evaluation of the lymph nodes number 2, 4, 7, 10 and 11 was found to be benign in 73.1%, 64.6%, 91.4%, 87.5% and 64.9%, respectively. The correlation between the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis, a subject of negligence up to now was evaluated. The findings presented herein have shown that in chest wall resections, the possibility of complete resection and the presence of lymphatic involvement which is an important prognostic marker are more important in terms of survival compared to the depth of invasion. [Med-Science 2021; 10(3.000): 934-8]

Low birth weight (LBW) is a worldwide public health problem as it is the most important cause of infant deaths and contributes significantly to the burden of childhood problems. There are many studies that have investigated the relationship between LBW and lead exposure, but the mechanism underlying lead exposure and increased risk of LBW are still unknown. In our study, we aimed to determine the effect of lead on endothelial dysfunction by investigating the relationship between the severity of exposure, birth weight and methylated arginines in pregnant women. The study was carried with 165 pregnant women. Placental methylated arginines (ADMA, SDMA, L-NMMA), arginine, citrulline, homoarginine cadmium and lead levels were analyzed. Pb level was significantly higher in the 25% and below percentile group compared with other groups. There was a negative correlation between birth weight and Pb levels. A statistically significant correlation was found between Pb and birth length, Cd, ADMA and SDMA. It is possible to say that the underlying mechanism in fetal growth retardation due to lead exposure can be linked to placental endothelial dysfunction. [Med-Science 2021; 10(3.000): 1008-14]

ABSTRACT: Histomonas meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum are two protozoans responsible for mortality associated with typhlohepatitis in poultry. In this study, the etiology of high mortality in Chukar partridges suspected of infection with these agents was investigated pathologically and molecularly. Twelve healthy partridges during the laying period and 30 partridges that died due to disease and were included in the study. In blood analysis, increased levels of WBC, NEU, LYM, MONO, EO and BASO suggesting bacterial and/or parasitic infection; decreased levels of HGB, MCH and MCHC, which are markers of anemia; and increased AST and LDH levels, which are important for liver degenerations. In the liver, which is one of the most pathologically affected organs, multifocal necrosis foci that sometimes merge with each other and spread to large areas, and severe fibrino-necrotic typhlitis were detected. There was amyloid deposition in the space of Disse and vascular sinuses in the liver. PAS positive protozoal agents were observed in and around the lesioned areas. By PCR analyzes using specific primers, 11 of the samples were positive for H. meleagridis only, whereas 5 were positive for T. gallinarum only; 14 samples tested positive for both agents. Sequence analysis showed 100% identity between all samples resulting in positive PCR. In addition, Escherichia coli was produced in microbiological culture (27 of 30). When all the results were evaluated together, it was concluded that H. meleagridis and T. gallinarum and secondary E. coli may cause high mortality in partridges under lay stress.

In this paper, we investigate the phase transitions of Reissner-Nordström (RN) and Schwarzschild black holes for the extended uncertainty principle (EUP) framework. Considering temperature T, charge Q and electric potential Φ as the state parameters, we show the van der Waals (vdW) like phase transition of RN black hole in Q−Φ diagrams and find the critical points depending on EUP parameter α. Furthermore, we find Hawking-Page like phase transition for Schwarzschild black hole. The results imply that the black holes in asymptotically flat space have the similar phase structure with the black holes in anti-de Sitter (AdS) space.

Climate change and the high proportion of private motorised transport leads to a high exposure of the urban population to environmental stressors such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, noise, and heat. The few fixed measuring stations for these stressors do not provide information on how they are distributed throughout the urban area and what influence the local urban structure has on hot and cold spots of pollution. In the measurement campaign “UmweltTracker” with 95 participants (cyclists, pedestrians), data on the stressors were collected via mobile sensors. The aim was to design and implement an application to analyse the heterogeneous data sets. In this paper we present a prototype of a visualisation and analysis application based on the Unity Game Engine, which allowed us to explore and analyse the collected data sets and to present them on a PC as well as in a VR environment. With the application we were able to show the influence of local urban structures as well as the impact of the time of day on the measured values. With the help of the application, outliers could be identified and the underlying causes could be investigated. The application was used in analysis sessions as well as a workshop with stakeholders.

This comprehensive study investigates the micro-milling of a Mg13Sn alloy, a material of considerable interest in various high-precision applications, such as biomedical implants. The main objective of the study was to explore the optimizations of variable feed per tooth (fz), cutting speed (Vc), and depth of cut (ap) parameters on the key outcomes of the micro-milling process. A unique experimental setup was employed, employing a spindle capable of achieving up to 60,000 revolutions per minute. Additionally, the study leveraged linear slides backed by micro-step motors to facilitate precise axis movements, thereby maintaining a resolution accuracy of 0.1 μm. Cutting forces were accurately captured by a mini dynamometer and subsequently evaluated based on the peak to valley values for Fx (tangential force) and Fy (feed force). The study results revealed a clear and complex interplay between the varied cutting parameters and their subsequent impacts on the cutting forces and surface roughness. An increase in feed rate and depth of cut significantly increased the cutting forces. However, the cutting forces were found to decrease noticeably with the elevation of cutting speed. Intriguingly, the tangential force (Fx) was consistently higher than the feed force (Fy). Simultaneously, the study determined that the surface roughness, denoted by Sa values, increased in direct proportion to the feed rate. It was also found that the Sa surface roughness values decreased with the increase in cutting speed. This study recommends a parameter combination of fz = 5 µm/tooth feed rate, Vc = 62.8 m/min cutting speed, and ap = 400 µm depth of cut to maintain a Sa surface roughness value of less than 1 µm while ensuring an optimal material removal rate and machining time. The results derived from this study offer vital insights into the micro-milling of Mg13Sn alloys and contribute to the current body of knowledge on the topic.

This research focuses on the fabrication and characterization of TAZ532-xNb composites, employing high-purity, micron-sized powders of Mg, Sn, Al, Zn, Mn, and Nb as the raw materials. These powders were subjected to a paraffin coating process aimed at mitigating oxidation. The formation of composites was achieved via hot pressing and was followed by surface preparation and analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). An X-ray diffraction (XRD) study was conducted to identify the microstructural phases. Quantitative assessments including the theoretical density, actual density, and relative density were computed, and their fluctuations in relation to the increasing Nb reinforcement ratio were scrutinized. Furthermore, the mechanical attributes of the composites, such as hardness and tensile strength, were assessed via experimental procedures. The absence of oxygen-related peaks in the XRD patterns endorsed the successful execution of the paraffin coating technique and protective gas atmosphere during sintering. The detection of α-Mg, Mg2Sn, MgZn, Mg17Al12, and Nb phases within the Nb-reinforced composite patterns authenticated the formation of the intended phases. Notably, the relative density values of the composites surpassed 95%, indicating efficient sintering. SEM results disclosed a densely packed microstructure, with Nb reinforcement particles evenly distributed along the grain boundaries, devoid of particle clustering or significant grain growth. These composites manifested exceptional wetting characteristics, which can be attributed to the employment of Mg alloy as the matrix material. EDS data confirmed the proportions of Nb within the composites, aligning with the quantities incorporated during fabrication. The composites showcased an increase in microhardness values with the escalating Nb reinforcement ratio, credited to the harder constitution of Nb particles in comparison to the matrix alloy. Concurrently, tensile strength showed a significant improvement with the increment in Nb reinforcement, while elongation values peaked at a specific Nb reinforcement level. The positive evolution of tensile strength properties was ascribed to the escalated Nb reinforcement ratio, grain size, and consequent higher sample densities.

Objective: To assess the role of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the postnatal survival in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Method: 25 patients with CDH who had fetal MRI between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the postnatal survival at 30 days of age: alive and dead. The fetal MRI images were assessed to calculate the lung-to-liver signal intensity ratio (LLSIR), and the total lung volume (TLV). In addition, the site of the defect (right or left), accompanying liver herniation (present or absent), detectable-ipsilateral lung parenchyma at the apex (present or absent) were also recorded. MRI images were evaluated by two pediatric radiologists. A p value lesser than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 25 fetuses, 6 were alive and 19 were dead within 30 days after birth. The detectable lung parenchyma had a relationship with the alive group (p = 0.023). Observed-to-expected TLV (p = 0.001) and LLSIR (p = 0.023) were significantly lower in the dead group. Using the cutoff values for the observed-to-expected TLV as 0.27 (a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 84%) and for the LLSIR as 2.02 (a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 67%) were found as predictors for death. Conclusion: The postnatal survival in CDH may be predicted using the observed-to-expected TLV and LLSIR on the fetal MRI. The presence of the detectable-ipsilateral lung parenchyma at the apex may also be associated with the postnatal survival.

Transportation planning and design had been a major concern from the urban planning perspective. Various means of transportation have shaped our cities and landscapes for ages and by looking at transportation buildings from an architectural perspective one can see that existing studies focus on the building performance of the transportation buildings or the history of them. Consequently, transportation building design is an important concern that should be addressed from multiple perspectives. Starting from 2019-2020 Fall Semester, Abdullah Gül University Department of Architecture started a new elective course ARCD 110 Transit Architecture, focusing on this issue. While the main intention of the course is to develop a critical view on the existing prescriptive design methods related to the transportation buildings and their environment, students are expected challenge these discussions at their final projects. In order to develop a critical view on the existing design methods, a considerable part of the class focuses on the design guidelines and typologies of the buildings along with the history of the selected building types. In parallel, student presentations showing different examples throughout the world to inspect different design approaches as well as to start debates regarding various debates around design, global world, awards in architecture, and symbolism in architecture. Afterwards, the class turns into a discussion environment focusing on design issues not only related to transportation buildings but also to the rest of the design environment which they might encounter in the future. these discussions start from multimodal and micro mobile transportation possibilities followed by the personal space as a design parameter. These arguments are followed by sustainability from triple bottom line perspective and the possibilities of different technologies and their effect on the transportation related buildings. Meanwhile, they also experiment with simulation tools to test their design cases in different conditions. After the discussions and the debates students are tasked to design a subway station in front of their campus for a final project. After four semesters, this paper will present the aim of the course, the class structure, projects and the findings of the course with selected examples from the course students to its readers.

.In the present study a detailed characterization followed by beneficiation of low grade iron ore was studied. The Run of Mine (R.O.M) sample assayed 21.91 % Fe, which is very low grade in nature. The impurities are SiO2 26.25%, MgO 20.48%, CaO 5.85%, Al2O3 1.86% and loss on ignition (LOI) 12.71%. A Davis Tube test was performed for the assessment of the separability of magnetic ores by low intensity magnetic separators. The heavy liquid test was carried out to evaluate the possible response of the sample by the gravity concentration technique. The samples were subjected to jigging, dry low intensity magnetic separation (DLIMS) and shaking table tests. Thus a sufficient concentrate could not be obtained in +1 mm by using jigging and DLIMS. The obtained results show that the a high grade iron concentrate (>65% Fe) with lower recoveries was obtained from shaking table tests by using -1 mm fraction. According to the results a flowsheet was developed. From the developed flowsheet, it is possible to obtain pellet grade concentrate with 65.41% Fe, 2.54% SiO2, 2.79% MgO, 0.70% CaO and 0.32% Al2O3. with 21.42% weight recovery. The overall ganguerejection recovery of the circuit is over 95%.

Background: Infraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block is a commonly performed anesthesiology technique in the upper extremity. Local anesthetics may be administered at different temperatures for both neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the temperature of the local anesthetic at the time of administration on the onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks in infraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block. Methods: A total of 80 patients undergoing elective upper extremity surgery were randomly assigned to one of the following groups using a computer-based randomization software; low temperature (4 °C) (Group L, n = 26), room temperature (25 °C) (Group R, n = 27) and warmed (37 °C) (Group W, n = 27). A 1:1 mixture of 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine was used as local anesthetic. Infraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block was performed under ultrasound guidance in all patients preoperatively. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks were recorded. Results: Each group had different onset of motor (p

Aim:Traumatic rib fractures are a common injury in the trauma population and may cause severe pain in cases of both isolated rib fractures and chest injuries. The aim of our study was to compare the early pain control of intercostal block with that of intravenous analgesia + intercostal nerve block in patients with rib fractures admitted to the emergency department due to blunt thoracic trauma.Materials and Methods:Patients admitted to the emergency department due to blunt thoracic trauma in a tertiary medical facility were evaluated retrospectively. Forty-eight patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: on in which only intercostal nerve block was performed and another in which intravenous analgesia + intercostal block were performed concurrently.Results:Nine patients (18.7%) were given only intercostal block, while 39 patients (81.3%) were given intravenous analgesia + intercostal nerve block. Considering the early pain results of group A (intercostal nerve block) and group B (intravenous analgesia + intercostal nerve block), significant improvement was observed in group B in terms of pain results after the first 15 minutes.Conclusion:We conclude that the combination of intravenous nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioid derivatives and intercostal nerve block would be an effective combination in pain control in patients with rib fractures. In addition, intercostal nerve block would be beneficial in pain control and increase respiratory efficiency in patients with rib fractures, since it is both easy to apply and accelerates healing by providing effective analgesia. Due to these positive effects, we believe that it reduces the duration of hospital stay and would offer great advantages in terms of efficiency and cost.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is defined as colon and rectum cancer and is among the major causes of mortality in developed Countries. Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and Nerium oleander distillate (NOD) are reported to have anticancer and antioxidative activity. In this study, it was aimed to research the impact on cell proliferation markers of TCAE and NOD given simultaneously in experimental colon cancer. A total of 24 rats, 6 in each group, were used in the study. Cancer Control (CC): Azoxymethane was administered at the beginning of the experiment at a dose of 15 miligrams (mg)· kilograms-1 (kg), (Subcutaneous, SC) twice, with an interval of a week (wk), to induce cancer. CC+TCAE: the dosage of Azoxymethane administered was 15 mg·kg-1 (SC) twice a wk at the beginning of the experiment, while in the case of TCAE, it was 0.2 mL·kg-1 (SC) once a wk for 18 wk from the beginning of the experiment. Fifteen mg·kg-1 (SC) of Azoxymethane was administered twice at one-wk intervals at the beginning of the experiment to the CC+NOD group, and NO distillate (NOD) was given with water throughout the experiment. Afterwards, animals were euthanized under appropriate conditions, paraffin blocks formed from colon tissues, histochemical AgNOR (Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions), and immunohistochemical PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) stainings were performed. In the study, immunohistochemically, PCNA scores and AgNOR count per nucleus (AgNCI) were significantly decreased in C-TCAE and C-NOD groups (P

Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) allow geoscientific in-situ experiments at large scale. At the Mont Terri URL in Switzerland, international research groups conduct numerous experiments in parallel. The measured and simulated data as well as research results obtained from them are highly relevant as they improve the general understanding of geological processes, for example in the context of radioactive waste disposal. Unfortunately, the data obtained at the test site is often only available to researchers who are directly involved in a particular experiment. Furthermore, typical visualisation techniques of such data by domain scientists often lack spatial context and accessing and exploring the data requires prior technical knowledge and a high level of effort. We created a digital replica of the Mont Terri URL and thereby implemented a prototype of a Virtual Experiment Information System that integrates highly heterogeneous data from several different sources. It allows accessing and exploring the relevant data embedded in its spatial context without much prior technical knowledge. Both, simulation results and observation data are displayed within the same system. The 4D visualisation approach focuses on three exemplary experiments conducted at Mont Terri and is easily transferable to other experiments or even other URLs. The Unity Game Engine has been used to develop the prototype. This allowed to build the application for various output devices like desktop computers or Virtual Reality hardware without much additional effort. The implemented system reduces the technical effort required to access and explore highly relevant research data and lowers the cognitive effort usually needed to gain insights from measurements, simulation models and context data. Moreover, it promotes exchange among research groups by enabling interactive visualisations embedded in the URL’s spatial context. In addition, a future use of the system for the communication of scientific methods and results to stakeholders or the general public is plausible.

Objective: Ventriculomegaly may not only develop secondary to a process,but it may also be in the form of isolated ventriculomegaly with no specific reason. MRI is performed to show the presence of accompanying pathologies.In this study, we measured ADC values in mild ventriculomegaly cases and aimed to investigate the role of ADC value measurements in predicting neurological prognosis in isolated mild ventriculomegaly during MRI. Methods: In our study, ADC values were measured of 37 patients detected to be present with mild ventriculomegaly and 17 fetuses in the control group who had no additional central nervous system patology. For the measurement, ROI was placed in differtent brain regions (frontal lobe white matter,occipital lobe white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum and pons). The analysis of the data obtained was performed using the SPSS (20th version) program. MannWhitney U test was applied. Statistical significance level was set as p

In this paper, alternative advanced combustion methods were investigated by conducting experiments at common operation condition (2000 rpm, 6.6 mg fuelling) of EURO-5 capable 1.5-liter diesel engine under NEDC. Single and double injection configurations of 6.6 mg at 2000 rpm were studied by adjusting SOI and EGR with pure diesel and biodiesel blended diesel. Power, NOx, Opacity, Start of Combustion and combustion data of the studied points were compared with the original condition of the 1.5 L diesel engine of the Ford Fiesta. Adjusting SOI and EGR for double injection configuration allowed reducing NOx emission from 65 ppm to 29 ppm and Opacity emission 1.2% to 0.2%. Utilization of biodiesel at single injection configuration reduced power almost 4% compared to pure diesel. More than 15% increase was observed for NOx emission, while opacity emission reduced 20% with biodiesel blended diesel compared to pure diesel. Although addition of biodiesel worsen the power, proposed advanced combustion method with pure diesel improve opacity, NOx and power compared to original condition of the engine.

Pressure has an important effect on the occurrence of failures/leaks in water distribution systems (WDSs) or the change of leakage in existing leakages. For this reason, monitoring the pressure is important especially for analyzing the changes in the day and night, determining the fluctuations and applying pressure management (PM) to ensure normal operating conditions. In this study, the effect of pressure on water losses and minimum night flow (MNF) was carried out according to the Fixed and Varied Area Discharge (FAVAD) approach, which allows the amount of leakage to be calculated based on the change in pressure and field tests. The minimum flow rate and potential leakage were determined under the network operating conditions before the pressure control in a region. Then, considering the features of the region, pressure was reduced with the pressure control system and MNFs and leaks were monitored. By reducing the pressure from 9.10 bar to 3.2 bar in the region, the MNF rate was reduced from 6.95 l/s to 3.29 l/s. The daily water savings in the system inlet volume is 78.44 m3/day and the annual saving is 28,624 m3/year. The results obtained are very important for practitioners in terms of implementing PM in the field. Highlights The effect of pressure on water losses and minimum night flow rate was analyzed.; The pressure was reduced with the help of the pressure control system.; The minimum night flows were monitored after pressure management.; The theoretical leakage level was analyzed according to the FAVAD equation.; The results of field data and FAVAD equation were compared.;

Aim: In this study the case of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) has been identified as histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) in a 6-month-old male domestic shorthair cat. In necropsy, the abdominal cavity contained a significant volume of yellow liquid and granular fibrinous exudate was seen on the liver, serosa of intestines, and peritoneum. Microscopically, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrin exudation, consisting mainly of macrophage, lymphocyte and plasma cells, were determined around small and medium-sized vessels in the tunica serosa layer of the intestines. Many granulomatous foci of various sizes, with or without necrosis, were found in the liver, spread to the parenchyma. In methyl green pyronin staining, plasma cells were found to be the majority of the inflammatory cells present in lesions. In IHC staining with specific antibodies against the agent, immunopositivity was obtained in granulomatous lesions in the serosa layer of the intestines and less frequently in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria. Immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages in the liver, around both pyrogranulomas and granulomas. It was concluded that this case of FIP, when all findings are evaluated together, may have started as a dry form, and turned into a wet form in the terminal period.

Forecasting stock markets is an important challenge due to leptokurtic distributions with heavy tails due to uncertainties in markets, economies, and political fluctuations. To forecast the direction of stock markets, the inclusion of leading indicators to volatility models is highly important; however, such series are generally at different frequencies. The paper proposes the GARCH-MIDAS-LSTM model, a hybrid method that benefits from LSTM deep neural networks for forecast accuracy, and the GARCH-MIDAS model for the integration of effects of low-frequency variables in high-frequency stock market volatility modeling. The models are being tested for a forecast sample including the COVID-19 shut-down after the first official case period and the economic reopening period in in Borsa Istanbul stock market in Türkiye. For this sample, significant uncertainty existed regarding future economic expectations, and the period provided an interesting laboratory to test the forecast effectiveness of the proposed LSTM augmented model in addition to GARCH-MIDAS models, which included geopolitical risk, future economic expectations, trends, and cycle industrial production indices as low-frequency variables. The evidence suggests that stock market volatility is most effectively modeled with geopolitical risk, followed by industrial production, and a relatively lower performance is achieved by future economic expectations. These findings imply that increases in geopolitical risk enhance stock market volatility further, and that industrial production and future economic expectations work in the opposite direction. Most importantly, the forecast results suggest suitability of both the GARCH-MIDAS and GARCH-MIDAS-LSTM models, and with good forecasting capabilities. However, a comparison shows significant root mean squared error reduction with the novel GARCH-MIDAS-LSTM model over GARCH-MIDAS models. Percentage decline in root mean squared errors for forecasts are between 39% to 95% in LSTM augmented models depending on the type of economic indicator used. The proposed approach offers a key tool for investors and policymakers.

Prediction of the economy in global markets is of crucial importance for individuals, decisionmakers, and policies. To this end, effectiveness in modeling and forecasting the directions of such leading indicators is of crucial importance. For this purpose, we analyzed the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), Investor Sentiment Index (VIX), and Global Stock Market Indicator (MSCI) for their distributional characteristics leading to proposed econometric methods. Among these, the BDI is an economic indicator based on shipment of dry cargo costs, the VIX is a measure of investor fear, and the MSCI represents an emerging and developed county stock market indicator. By utilizing daily data for a sample covering 1 November 2007–30 May 2022, the BDI, VIX, and MSCI indices are investigated with various methods for nonlinearity, chaos, and regime-switching volatility. The BDS independence test confirmed dependence and nonlinearity in all three series; Lyapunov exponent, Shannon, and Kolmogorov entropy tests suggest that series follow chaotic processes. Smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) type nonlinearity tests favored two-regime GARCH and Asymmetric Power GARCH (APGARCH) nonlinear conditional volatility models where regime changes are governed by smooth logistic transitions. Nonlinear LSTAR-GARCH and LSTAR-APGARCH models, in addition to their single-regime variants, are estimated and evaluated for in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts. The findings determined significant prediction and forecast improvement of LSTAR-APGARCH, closely followed by LSTAR-GARCH models. Overall results confirm the necessity of models integrating nonlinearity and volatility dynamics to utilize the BDI, VIX, and MSCI indices as effective leading economic indicators for investors and policymakers to predict the direction of the global economy.

Although the clinical and pathological findings are important in the diagnosis of listeriosis, to isolation or to be shown the presence of the bacterium must be required for the definitive diagnosis. This study aims to investigate the availability of imprint cytological (IC) and immunocytochemical (ICC) methods in comparison with histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods for the rapid diagnosis of encephalitic listeriosis . In the study, the touching and smear preparations taken from the pons and medulla oblongata of 25 ruminants suspected with listeriosis by neurological symptoms were stained with modified giemsa and also with ICC technic for revealing antigens, as a new method. Same tissue sections were stained with Hematoxylin&Eosin and IHC methods too, and examined under light microscope by scoring. In IC examinations, there were intensive neutrophils in 14 cases and few neutrophils in 4 cases, and no neutrophils were observed in 7 cases. In histopathological examinations, 13 of these 14 cases revealed typical microabscesses and listeria positivity in IHC staining. ICC positivity was detected in 12 (92.3%) of the listeria positive 13 cases. A highly positive correlation was observed among cytology (14), ICC (12), histopathology and IHC (13) scores (r2> 0.8; P

In water loss management, monitoring system behavior and analyzing system performance according to appropriate indicators is very important for improving operating conditions. However, appropriate calculation tools should be used to make these analyzes accurately, regularly, systematically and precisely. Therefore, in this study, the most appropriate indicators were determined based on the indicators proposed IWA and other organizations in literature in order to analyze and monitor the process performance in water loss management. A web-based "GGS basic performance analysis calculation tool" has been developed to systematically calculate these indicators and monitor performance. This tool basically includes volumetric and percentage indicators, service connection and per line length indicators, administrative and physical loss, economic and cost, failure and network rehabilitation indicators. The details of this tool were detailed, its advantages were discussed by analyzing of sample data set. It is believed that this analysis tool developed in this study will provide significant contributions to the analysis and monitoring of the performance of the Utilities in terms of water loss management and its components, and to evaluate the process performance for active leakage control activities

Abstract A time‐specific encrypted range query scheme that has the following properties is proposed. (1) The proposed scheme has trapdoor privacy and data privacy so that a semi‐honest cloud is not able to get any useful information from given ciphertexts and given tokens that are used for searching ranges. (2) Unlike most of the other studies which report that the cloud server stores single encrypted keyword/element in the database, in our solution, the cloud server stores encrypted multi‐keywords/ranges in the database. Therefore, the semi‐honest cloud compares ciphertexts to tokens as ranges based on a predefined threshold ϕ value. This approach decreases the cloud search time since the cloud compares ranges to ranges (multi‐keywords with multi‐keywords) not points to points (not a keyword with a keyword). Thus, the proposed scheme is efficient based on searching ranges on ciphertexts. (3) Moreover, the communication cost between users and the cloud is decreased from O(n) to O(log n), where n is the size of a range. Users send logarithmic size information to the cloud server instead of sending linear size information.

In internal combustion engines, in a way integrated under the engine block, the oil pan is used to store the engine oil, to separate foreign substances in the oil coming from the engine block, to lubricate the moving parts, to help the engine cooling system. In this study, by using different materials such as DC06 (IF), AISI 304, Al6082, and DC01 and selecting different thicknesses such as 1.5 mm and 2 mm, the deep drawing method was applied to them, and their formability behaviors with deep drawing were investigated. The effects of the sheet material type and thickness parameters on the tensile force and wall thickness variation on a sample engine oil pan formed by deep drawing were determined. Different parameters were determined for the sample engine oil pan. According to the analysis results, it was detected that the wall thicknesses of the sensitive points were determined to decrease by 0.86 mm, 0.62 mm, and 0.37 mm, respectively, for deep drawn samples with a 1.5 mm thickness (AISI 304, DC06, DC01), but tearing occurred in the Al6082 material. On the other hand, when the sheet material thickness was increased to 2 mm, it was observed that the thickness change rates decreased by 13% in DC06, 0.7% in AISI 304, 33% in Al 6082, and 4% in the DC01 material type in comparison with the initial sheet thickness of 1.5 mm. The results of the analysis obtained in this study demonstrated that these four materials had superiorities over each other, that the thickness of the material was an essential criterion in deep drawing, and that the use of a 2 mm thick AISI 304 material among the selected materials in the production of the engine oil pan was more suitable.

The largest amount of evidence for bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) use in clinical practice derives from Absorb trials and registries. Comparison of Absorb BVS with metallic stents resulted in increased rates of target lesion failure and device thrombosis in the Absorb BVS group. We investigated whether all BVS platforms created equal outcomes. At 3-year follow-up novolimus-eluting BVS (Desolve Elixir Medical Corp., Sunnyvale, CA) achieved better outcomes compared with Absorb BVS. The scaffold thrombosis rate is still high with Absorb BVS despite pre- and post- dilatation. No scaffold thrombosis was present with Desolve BVS.

IntroductionIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been widely used to treat the hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Although it has been shown that IVIG treatment reduces the duration of phototherapy and hospitalization, the use of IVIG in hemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility has been controversial in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the role of IVIG in the prevention of exchange transfusion in infants with ABO HDN who presented with bilirubin levels at or above the level of exchange transfusion.Materials and MethodsThis study evaluated the data of infants with ABO HDN in the Turkish Neonatal Jaundice Online Registry. The infants with ABO HDN who met the total serum bilirubin level inclusion criteria (within 2–3 mg/dL of exchange transfusion or even above exchange transfusion level) were included in the study according to the guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Turkish Neonatal Society. All patients were managed according to the unit protocols recommended by these guidelines and received light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy. Infants who only received LED phototherapy, and who received one dose of IVIG with LED phototherapy were compared.ResultsDuring the study period, 531 term infants were included in the study according to inclusion criteria. There were 408 cases in the phototherapy-only group, and 123 cases in the IVIG group. The demographic findings and the mean bilirubin and reticulocyte levels at admission were similar between the groups (p > 0.05), whereas the mean hemoglobin level was slightly lower in the IVIG group (p = 0.037). The mean age at admission was earlier, the need for exchange transfusion was higher, and the duration of phototherapy was longer in the IVIG group (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The rate of re-hospitalization and acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) was higher in the IVIG group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionIn this study, we determined that one dose of IVIG did not prevent an exchange transfusion nor decrease the duration of phototherapy in infants, who had bilirubin levels near or at exchange transfusion level, with hemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility.

Introduction Headache is a frequent but neglected side effect of angiography, and the criteria for angiography related headache have been based on only a few studies. Methods One-hundred and thirty nine patients who underwent cerebral angiography and 30 controls who underwent peripheral angiography participated in this prospective, non-randomized, case-control study. Participants were instructed to tell the angiography staff in case a headache developed and were questioned about their headache just after, 24 hours after, and one week after angiography. Results In the cerebral angiography group 42 patients (30.2%) had procedural headache compared to three of the controls (10%). Two different types of headache related to angiography were observed: one during angiography, which was related to contrast injection, and the other occuring within 24 hours. Both headaches were more frequent in patients with a history of primary headache, but were distinctly different from the premorbid headache. Headache characteristics are described in detail. Discussion Both types of headache related to angiography did not match the ICHD-3beta criteria for angiography headache, but were similar to headaches reported in studies that were not included in the current criteria. The timing and characteristics of these headaches are discussed in the light of our and previous reports. We suggest that the present ICHD-3 beta criteria are inadequate in properly defining angiography headache and should be revised in the light of the present literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: HPV (Human papilloma virus) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and constitutes an important part of cancers for which infectious agents are blamed in its ethology. The most important duty of informing the public about HPV and the HPV vaccine with a high protection rate belongs to doctors. The curriculum and scope of this subject in medical education in our country is uncertain. We aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of our students about HPV and the HPV vaccine before the internship and to find out the change in their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour status after the internship. Method: The population of the study consists of a total of 257 third and sixth grade students studying in the Faculty of Medicine at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University during the 2018-2019 academic year. A questionnaire, including questions and suggestions about sociodemographic characteristics, and knowledge, attitudes and behavioural status about HPV infection and the HPV vaccine, was administered under supervision to third and sixth grade students between April and June 2019 without specifying their name and surname. Chi-square test was used for statistical evaluation. For statistical significance, p lt;0.050 was accepted.Results: 108 third grade and 91 sixth grade students participated in our study. Although HPV is known to play a role in the ethology of cervical cancer and anogenital warts (91%, 91.2%), this awareness was as low as 35.4%, 37.9% and 38.8%, respectively, in penis, anus and head and neck cancers. The knowledge level was statistically significant in favour of the sixth-grade students (p lt;0.001). When the attitudes and behaviours of the students were examined, the frequency of having the HPV vaccine was 4.5%. It was observed that the frequency of the idea of vaccination among the female students was higher than that of the male students (61.3%, 18.1%). No statistically significant difference was found among the possible variables that could affect the need for the HPV vaccine when compared according to the gender, grade, and the educational status of the mother or father (p gt; 0.05). The reason why the students did not have the HPV vaccine was related to the fact that they found the vaccine expensive and did not consider it necessary. Only 46.7% of the sixth-grade students thought that they could give their patients enough information about the HPV virus and vaccine when they graduated.Conclusion: The frequency of vaccination in our country is very low even among doctors. Training strategies should be developed to enable doctors to graduate with full knowledge of HPV and the HPV vaccine with multidimensional training programs.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of kangaroo care provided during recurrent heel lance procedures on the pain score of a newborn. METHODS: The study is a randomized controlled experimental study. It included 60 2- to 7-day-old term-born newborns hospitalized with the diagnosis of moderate-risk hyperbilirubinemia. Of them, 30 were assigned into the intervention group and 30 to the control group. In the unit where the study was conducted, all newborns having no oral intake problem are administered one or two ml of 25% dextrose solution two minutes before the procedure. The newborns in the control group underwent the clinical routine at each pain interference. The newborns in the intervention group were given a 30-minute kangaroo care before the last pain intervention. Just before the intervention, they were administered 25% sucrose solution orally, a routine procedure in the clinic. Heel lance was performed by the researcher using the appropriate technique. The pain score was assessed by two observers independently of each other using the NIPS scale during and two minutes after the procedure. RESULTS: During the first heel lance procedure, no difference was found between the mean pain scores of the newborns in the intervention and control groups. However, during the second heel lance procedure, the mean pain score of the newborns who received kangaroo care (3.13 +- 2.33) was significantly lower than that of the newborns in the control group (6.10 +- 0.96) (p 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it was found that kangaroo care decreased the pain score during the recurrent heel lance procedures.

INTRODUCTION: Group therapy as a different method in the treatment of obesity in adolescence; weight loss, eating habits, communication skills and emotional and behavioral problem levels in terms of evaluation. METHODS: The study is performed in University of Health Sciences, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Family Medicine, Youth Counselling and Health Service Center. Two study groups were created from randomly selected 16 obes adolescents according to their BMI (Body Mass Index), between the ages of 13-18. Group I: eight adolescents who took sosyometric psikotravmatic group therapy for obesity treatment. Group II: eight adolescents who didn't take sosyometric psikotravmatic group therapy. A sosyometric psikotravmatic group therapy was applied that will take 8 weeks, 1 day per week in order to develop their communication skills. RESULTS: BMI (Body Mass Index) of those who continued therapy showed 100% reduction, while those who did not contribute had 25% in reduction. Especially their relations with their parents and relatingly their emotional distress was found to have a negative contribution to their eating habits. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the small sample suggests the reliability of our findings, this prospective study shows that; group therapies with young people are thought to increase the success in relation to the fact that they experience the power of group interaction independently of the subject. Studies on this subject can be repeated with a larger sample.