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Copyright of Journal of Exercise Therapy & Rehabilitation is the property of Yavuz Yakut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study was carried out to show Turkey's prevalence of tobacco use among 15-24 year olds, to evaluate passively the affected cases, to determine the tendency to quit smoking and to contribute to the development of effective interventions for young people. Methods: In this study, Turkey Statistical Institute (TurkStat) Health Survey 2014 data, representing the whole Turkey population, and a stratified sampling method were used. Results: The sample group represented the population in the age group of 15-24 years in Turkey (11,750,297 young people). Nearly one of five young people (18.5%) was a daily smoker. The percentage of male daily smokers was significantly higher than that of female daily smokers (p<0.001). The initial age of smoking among males was 14.9±3.19 years, whereas that of females was16.3±2.88 years; this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The percentage of passive smoking among young males was significantly higher that among young females (p=0.028). The number of daily smoking cigarette was higher among individuals who started smoking at an early age than among those who started at an older age (p<0.005). Conclusion: Descriptive and further analyses are showing that young people are at a risk for tobacco use and passive smoking despite the strong tobacco control law in our country. Young people who started smoking at earlier ages, smoke more numbers of cigarettes and do not want to quit. Stronger tobacco control activities for young people should be developed and implemented in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Public Health is the property of Turkish Journal of Public Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The child-parent relationship is associated with parenting behavior. The international variation in corporal punishment (CP) may be attributable to cultural differences in the acceptance of moral justifications. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of corporal punishment and to determine the relationship between the parents' point of view regarding CP and their punishment practices. Material and Methods: A referee state hospital and a referee university hospital in Ankara district were chosen to conduct face-to-face interviews with 502 parents. CP practices, perspectives, norms and attitudes were asked. A sample was not chosen for the study and parents accepting to be involved were administered the questionnaire. The power of the study was calculated as 0.76. Chi-square tests and means were calculated using SPSS 21.0 and a p value of 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: The rates of CP practice were 52.2% at the university and 55.1% at the government hospital. Lack of information, the education level and the cultural status of the family were related to CP practices (p<0.001). The psychological condition, traditions and customs, together with cigarette, alcohol and substance use at the family level were other factors related to CP practices. Conclusion: Parental use of CP was at high levels in those attending either hospital. The CP practice differences between the sample groups were related to family characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Determination of the prevalence of risky health behaviors (RHB) of adolescents and evaluation of knowledge of family, school and family physician about RHB. Methods: The study was performed in high schools situated in a district in Ankara. Sample of this research included 1,467 adolescents. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire under observation from adolescents. Face to face interviews were conducted with mothers, teachers and family health practitioners of some adolescents. Frequencies, ANOVA and independent t test; linear regression analysis were used when appropriate. Ethical consent was taken from Hacettepe University. Results: Mean age of adolescents was 17.15±0.45. In the study, 567 of them had risky health behaviors. The mean score of RHB scale score (t: -0.992, p: 0.321) and the mean scores of subgroups of physical activity (t: 2.261, p: 0.024), nutrition (t:0.48, p: 0.962), hygiene (t: -0.418, p: 0.676), psychosocial t:-2.772, p:0.006) and substance abuse (t:-1.273, p:0.203) of governmental high school adolescents were statistically higher than Anatolian high school adolescents (p<0.05). Families, teachers and family physicians were unaware of RHBs of adolescents (p<0.001; p=0.002; p=0.001). Conclusions: Consequently, this study was important for health professionals worked in primary health services and school health services. The study is evidence that shows school type effects health behaviors of adolescent. On the other hand, it's seen that family is the most important side of behavioral development. Moreover, adolescents had communication problems with their social environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Youth knowledge and point of view about child right must be improved after the childhood period and when moving on to professional life. The aim of this study was to see the child rights (CR) knowledge difference among students between the onset and in the university years. Material and Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted with first and fourth grade students of nine universities in Turkey. The weighted sampling technique was used and 6.038 students were reached; Analyses were performed on answers from 5.221 students. Data were collected under observation using a questionnaire consisting of; sociodemographical features, sentences related to the Convention on the Risks of the Child (CRC) and health, participation and development. SPSS 15.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: In the study, 62.8% were first and 37.2% were fourth grade; 38.3% were attending education faculties, 35.2% faculties of arts and 26.5% medical faculties. The percentage of hearing about CRC was 61.0% in the first and 62.3% in the fourth grade. A lower percentage of faculty of science and arts students had heard of CRC at both first and fourth grades (p<0.05). The place of residence until 14 years of age and hearing about CRC were significantly related at the first grade (p=0.015) but this was not significant at the fourth grade (p=0.189). conclusion: Evaluation, discussion and knowledge of CR are very important. Parent education on CRC will help children adopt and practice the notion of rights in their lives. Education programs will positively affect university students' attitudes towards their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In 2008, Turkey became one of 26 countries with a complete ban on all forms of direct and indirect tobacco marketing. We assessed the level of exposure to anti- and pro-cigarette advertising and to cigarette promotions and sponsorships among various demographic groups in Turkey.Methods: We used the data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), conducted in November 2008 in Turkey. The data consist of answers to GATS questions by 9030 respondents from a nationally representative, multistage probability sample of adults 15 years of age or older. To find differences in exposure to the advertising by sex, age, education level and smoking status, we analyzed responses to GATS questions about cigarette advertisements and anti-cigarette smoking information in various forms and through various advertising channels, during the 30 days before the survey, using bivariate analysis.Results: Overall, 13.3% of respondents aged 15 years or older noticed some type of cigarette marketing during the 30 days before the survey: 7.1% saw advertisements, 5.3% saw promotions and 3.3% saw sports sponsorships. Men were more likely than women to have seen cigarette promotions (7.8% versus 3.0%) and sports sponsorships (5.3% versus 1.4%). Respondents aged 15-24 years were more likely than those aged 25 years or older to have seen cigarette advertisements (10.2% versus 6.2%), promotions (8.7% versus 4.4%) and sponsorships (6.6% versus 2.3%), respectively. Respondents were most likely to have seen cigarette advertisements on television (3.4%) or in shops (2.7%). In addition, 2.8% of respondents reported seeing a clothing item with a brand name or logo, 2.5% reported that they received free samples of cigarettes and 0.3% received gifts along with the purchase of cigarettes. Almost 9 of 10 survey respondents (88.8%) reported having noticed some anti-cigarette information during the 30 days before the survey. Most anti-cigarette information was seen on television (85.5%). The anti-cigarette information was seen by slightly more cigarette smokers (91.6%) than nonsmokers (87.6%). Persons with less than a primary education were less likely to notice anti-cigarette information than those with a higher level of education, in all examined media channels.Conclusions: Our findings showed a low prevalence of noticing cigarette marketing, which indicates high compliance with the Turkish law banning such marketing. GATS data provide an in-depth understanding of the level of exposure to pro- and anti-cigarette information in 2008 and they are of practical assistance to those who implement policies to reduce the demand for tobacco. The challenge now is to maintain rigorous enforcement. To do so requires ongoing surveillance to produce data on the effectiveness of the enforcement efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity in childhood is increasing and becoming a major public health problem in the last years in Turkey.The aim of the study was to find out the prevalance of childhood overweight and obesity among Turkish second grade of schoolchildren. The data was collected from 53 cities in 12 NUTS Area in May-June 2013. This study is a cross-sectional study, overweight and obesity prevalance were calculated by using WHO criteria. The numbers of the children in the sample were 5600. Out of 216 schools, 43 were from rural settlements and 163 from urban settlements. The target age group of the study was 7-8 years age children at second grade of the schools. Out of all children at the schools, 88.8% of the children had parent consent for antropometric measurements. The antropometric measurements were conducted by by trained health staff using standardized equipment. Out of all the children in the sample, 88.5% of them was analyzed. Out of the children, 49.9% were girls and 52.7% were seven years old. According to WHO Criteria, the prevalance of overweight were 14.5% (95% CI 13.1-15.9) and the prevalance of obesity was 8.6% (95% CI 7.52-9.67) among 7 years age children. These figures were respectively 13.9% (95% CI 12.5-15.3) and 8.0% (95 % CI 6.90-9.09) among 8 years age children. Prevalance for overweight and obesity were different by gender and residence. Boys and children living in urban settlements were more frequently overweight and obese. Overweight and obesity prevalance showed differences by NUTS Regions. Istanbul and East Blacksea NUTS Regions had the highest figures among all regions (15.9% CI 13.4-18.4; 18.3% CI 11.5-25.1, respectively). These findings shows that there is an urgent need to develop obesity prevention program for children in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted in order to evaluate ideas of some cafe and restaurants' clients and workers about the tobacco control law three years after entering into force in a central district in Ankara in 2008. Methods: In the descriptive study;105 management, 113 worker and 386 client was visited, face to face interviews were done using two different questionnaire form and another form for managements' evaluation. SPSS 15.0 statistical package program, Chi-square and t-tests were used. Administrative leave was taken. Results: Mean age of workers was 30.1±8.32 years; 82.3% were men, 54.0% smoker; with clients the values are 27.7±8.61 years; 53.6% women and 39.4% were smokers. There's a difference between smokers and non- smokers' ideas about the hazards; death due to second-hand smoking (p=0.024; p<0.01). 80.3% of smokers and 74.3% of non-smokers knew the law in restaurants serving alcoholic beverages. Acceptance of the idea of the law could help to quit smoking was significantly different between smoker/non smoker workers and smoker/non smoker clients (p=0.004;p<0.001). According to observations, 7.6% of the managements didn't have law related plaque, 94.1% had smoking free areas, 57.1% had show window, 22.7% had smoking individuals and 12.6% had ashtray. Conclusion: Tobacco use is an individualistic reality but also a public health issue. Publicly acceptance of 45 law and implementations are needed besides individual perceptions. Implementations must be inspected and Smokers' observance of the rules must be supplied in order to decrease tobacco use and related health complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Tip Dergisi is the property of Firat University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After putting forward the health, social, environmental, economic and other consequences of tobacco use, beginning with developed countries over the last half a century, a number of studies to control tobacco use have been initiated. For this purpose, intervention techniques for tobacco-dependent individuals are being successfully used. However, tobacco control studies should not be just for those people using tobacco. Therefore, apart from the individual approaches enabling people to quit smoking, some social studies should be performed as well. Some of these studies may include the use of medical methods, while others will necessitate legal regulations. With regard to the introduction and implementation of individual and social programs and regulations, social marketing methods should be taken into consideration. In this review, together with information given on individual implementation in the form of the diagnosis and treatment of tobacco dependence to decrease the use of tobacco and legal regulations at the societal level, information about the place and importance of social marketing approaches in this subject is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Smoking is an important public health issue in Turkey. This study set out to investigate the smoking prevalence among first and fourth grade university students as well as the associated socio-demographic variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey was carried out by the International Children's Centre (ICC) in the faculties of Science and Literature, Education and Medicine of nine Turkish Universities to determine the knowledge and life styles of the 1st and 4th grade university students in adolescence (2009). A total of 5.221 students were evaluated. Data were analysed using SPPS 16.0-9907290 statistical package program. RESULTS: The first grade students with illiterate mothers (23.0%), those who were living alone at home (37.7%) and those who considered receiving inadequate pocket money (24.9%) had a higher level of smoking prevalence (p<0.05). The fourth grade students with illiterate mothers (34.9%), those who were living with their friends (34.0%), those who perceived their economic situation bad (37.7%) and those who considered receiving inadequate pocket money (36.3%) had a higher level of smoking prevalence (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: A relationship between smoking habits of university students and some socio-demographic characteristics was found. We believe that more priority should be given to health promotion interventions among university students, especially among those of low socioeconomic status. On the other hand, in order to monitor the efficacy of smoking-related interventions among young people, there is a need for early detection of young individuals who are at risk and urgent interventions should be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As World Health Organization (WHO) defined, a disaster is the prodigious force of nature which occurs so abruptly and severely that an external assistance is necessary. If the preventive measures are not taken in order for disaster mitigation and in the society where the disaster occurs, deaths and diseases may increase as a result of the disaster. In the aftermath of a disaster, the risk of catching an infectious disease is high. The methods which are used in fighting against infectious diseases may differ depending on disaster types. In the first days of abrupt disasters, the infection is not observed whereas due to problems such as migration or substructure people may be catched infection. Therefore, recognizing the factors leading up to them is a necessity to control the infections which occurs during natural disasters. Ensuring the continuity of prevention and control efforts against disasters during the early period of the disaster preparedness will reduce the occurrence of infections after the disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Public Health is the property of Turkish Journal of Public Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Disasters have the greatest effect on the most vulnerable groups, especially children. Millions of children worldwide are exposed to disasters both directly and indirectly. The most common problems of children are psychological problems, nutritional problems and infectious diseases at the time of disaster.Children are the most vulnerable members in the community affected by disasters because they are not mature to understand disasters' effect. The children who exposed to harsh living condition in disasters are faced serious mental problems. Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety affect large numbers of children and contribute to long-term psychological burden. Nutritional problems are the common problems of children in disaster. The ensuring of an adequate and balanced nutrition service is essential for the children who have impressed by disaster. There can be appearing health and nutrition problems for children especially at the age below five due to fall ensuring adequate and balanced nutrition during disasters. It is known that the risk of the communicable disease epidemics increases after disaster in developing countries because of poverty,lack of resources and inadequacy of infrastructure system. Lots of factors such as being in close touch with people so long time, inadequate hygienic behaviors causes to increase risk of communicable diseases among the vulnerable age groups such as children. A well-trained team for protecting the health of the children and resolving the problems to take place needs to be created before the disaster and respond quickly after the disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to define the reasons of early and forced marriages in our country, determine the place of early marriage in national and international legislations and find the frequency of the situation. Also discuss the prevention interventions with public health view. In the study, the scientific literature on early marriages were reviewed, in conjunction with reports, regulations and practices global and country level. From this evidence-based recommendations on child/woman health promotion were developed from the perspective of public health. In the literature, there are numerous studies on health effects of early marriages. Early marriages frequencies were between 30% and 35% in Turkey, however there is a difference according to regions, local social and cultural structure. Psikolojik and sensual development adversely affected when married at early ages. The children whose rights are taken will be negatively effected in their adulthood. The different interpretation at legislations in Turkey makes difficulties at commitments on early marriages and gives place to opinions which accepts early marriages. Early marriages are important child and woman problem in our society. Preventing of early marriages for whatever the reason is, solving social contradictions, raising awareness on the issue and governmental further proceeding on early marriages are necessary from the point of public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Informing the community has an important place among the methods of tobacco struggle. One of the newest information techniques is anti-tobacco advertisements on TV. The Ministry of Health in Turkey has initiated anti-tobacco advertisements on TV to inform the community about the health effects of tobacco. This study aimed to identify some opinions of government employees about anti-tobacco advertisements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this descriptive study, 202 administrative employees working at a governmental institution were reached. The questionnaire developed by the researchers was applied to the participants by using face-to-face interview techniques. During the interview, the picture of a moment from the advertisement was shown to the participants. The participants were asked if the picture reminded them of any advertisement on TV. RESULTS: Most of the participants were men who had graduated from high school or university. Their mean age was 40±8.7. Almost half of the participants were smokers (45.5%). The prevalence of smoking among men was 45.9%, compared to 41.2% for women. The most common emotion felt after watching the anti-tobacco films was 'sorry' (85.3%). The participants thought that the anti-tobacco advertisement films were motivating smokers to quit (75.5%) and informing people about the harmful effects of tobacco (85.7%). Six smokers out of ten wanted to quit smoking and 3 individuals actually quit smoking. CONCLUSION: Anti-tobacco advertisements are thought to be an effective method for informing people about the harmful effects of smoking and motivating smokers to quit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Thoracic Journal / Turk Toraks Dergisi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Public Health is the property of Turkish Journal of Public Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess coffee-house clients' opinions about and their approach to the new legislation for tobacco control two years after the second phase of the law, which covers the hospitality sector, entered into force.Material and Methods: The descriptive study was carried out in 27 coffee-houses in Kecioren, Ankara. The data was collected through face to face interviews with 317 clients by using a standard questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, whereas chi-square and t-tests were used to compare groups by SPSS 15.0 statistical programme (alpha value was taken as 0.05). Results: In the study, all of the coffee-house clients and workers were male, with 73.8% between the ages of 39 to 103 years. In the study, 62.8% of the clients and 81.5% of the workers were found to be current smokers, whereas 20.5% were ex-smokers. 74.7% of the clients stated that they supported the law. Nonsmokers were found to be more in favor of the law than current smokers (p<0.001). They stated that the law was advocating the right to smokefree air and it is a restriction on smoking behavior in general (p<0.001). In case of any violation of the law, nonsmokers' tendency to warn the smoker (p<0.001). Meanwhile, 99.1% of the nonsmokers and 89.0% of the current smokers were found to be pleased with the smokefree environment. Of the smokers, 55.5% expressed their will to quit smoking, whereas 45.8% stated that they have reduced the number of cigarattes smoked per day. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that coffeehouse clients, in general, are in favor of the new tobacco control law, although they seem to refrain from taking action in the case of any violations of the law. Interventions, such as advocacy for the right to breathe smokefree air and strengthening of health services for smokers who are willing to quit smoking, need to be implemented for better enforcement of the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]