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Článek se věnuje experimentálnímu zjištění ztrát vznikajících při AC a DC nabíjení elektromobilu Hyundai Kona electric 64 kWh. U obou typů nabíjení je vyhodnocena celková účinnost nabíjení, round-trip účinnost trakční baterie, vlastní spotřeba vozidla při nabíjení, u AC nabíjení pak ještě účinnost palubní nabíječky vozidla. U DC nabíjení je patrný zásadní vliv teploty trakční baterie na rychlost a účinnost nabíjení. Účinnost nabíjení je vypočtena jako poměr energie spotřebované z trakční baterie v jízdě vůči energii dodané do vozidla následným nabíjením do stejné úrovně nabití trakční baterie jako před jízdou. U elektromobilu Hyundai Kona byla zjištěna průměrná účinnost AC nabíjení 85 %, účinnost DC nabíjení 92,1 % bez zahrnutí účinnosti DC nabíječky. Round-trip účinnost trakční baterie je u AC nabíjení 97,6 %, u DC nabíjení 92,7 %. Podíl spotřeby 12 V palubní sítě vozidla na celkovém příkonu vozidla během nabíjení se pohyboval od 0,3 do 0,9 %. Data pro vyhodnocení byla získána ze záznamů sedmnácti AC nabíjení v létě i v zimě uskutečněných po jízdách na různých typech silnic a tří DC nabíjení uskutečněných po jízdách na dálnici v zimě.

Copyright of Revue du Financier is the property of Societe Cybel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article “Fats and body homeostasis”, published in Farmacist.ro journal no. 204(1)2022, I made a structurally classification for lipids into: simple fats (according to the nature of the alcohol – glycerides, steroids, cerides) which can be saturated or unsaturated (mono-/ polyunsaturated), composed (phospholipids) or derivatives (cholesterol)(1). After the breakdown of fats, the resulting free fatty acids can be stored or, according to the needs of the body, they are oxidatively degraded for energy purposes. As the water-soluble vitamins in the B complex potentiate the antioxidant and antiatherogenic effect of omega-3 fatty acids, supplementing the diet with quality standardized products based on omega-3, B9 and B12 is a viable solution to prevent degenerative processes on tissues and blood vessels. As an electron transporter at the mitochondrial level, coenzyme Q10 supports intracellular energy mechanisms. Because after the age of 30 the intensity of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis decreases (simultaneous with the aging phenomenon), any intense physical or mental effort and any cardiovascular issue require an additional intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EMERG: Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization is the property of Romanian National Committee of World Energy Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The 2030 Agenda, established seven years ago, still has not being implemented by most of the signed countries. Due to its breadth, implementation becomes a complex process since it is necessary to find coherence with national policies. Of the 17 SDGs, the UN declared that SDG-7, referring to affordable and clean energy, is central. For countries dependent on fossil fuels or without technology to take advantage of renewable sources, the application of SDG-7 to their energy policies is posing challenges. This article analyzes the normative coherence in Mexico of the SDG-7 goals regarding their progress and the energy and development policy during the 2015–2022 period as a representative case for the theoretical and empirical discussion on the energy-development relationship. Resumen: La Agenda 2030, establecida hace siete años, todavía no ha sido implementada por la mayoría de los países firmantes. Debido a su amplitud, la implementación se convierte en un proceso complejo, ya que se requiere encontrar la coherencia con políticas nacionales. De los 17 ODS, la ONU declaró que el ODS-7, referente a energía asequible y no contaminante, es central. Para países dependientes a energéticos fósiles o sin tecnología para aprovechar fuentes renovables, la aplicación del ODS-7 a sus políticas energéticas está suponiendo desafíos. El presente artículo analiza la coherencia normativa en México de las metas del ODS-7 respecto a su avance y la política de seguridad energética y desarrollo durante el periodo 2015–2022 como un caso representativo para la discusión teórica y empírica sobre la relación energía-desarrollo. Résumé : L'Agenda 2030, établi il y a sept ans, n'a pas encore été mis en œuvre par la plupart des pays signataires. En raison de son ampleur, la mise en œuvre devient un processus complexe, car il est nécessaire de trouver une cohérence avec les politiques nationales. Parmi les 17 ODD, l'ONU a déclaré que l'ODD-7, qui fait référence à une énergie abordable et propre, est central. Pour les pays dépendants des combustibles fossiles ou sans technologie susceptible de tirer parti des sources renouvelables, l'application de l'ODD-7 à leurs politiques énergétiques pose des défis. Cet article analyse la cohérence normative des objectifs de l'ODD-7 concernant leur progression et la politique énergétique et de développement au cours de la période 2015-2022 au Mexique comme un cas représentatif de la discussion théorique et empirique sur la relation énergie-développement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of the energy transition in relation to achieving a low carbon fossil‐free energy of the future largely depends on the extent to which collective efforts are geared towards specific goals, as the actual transformation of the energy sector is shaped by many challenges and uncertainties. Pandemics, uninterrupted supply chains and ongoing conflicts add to the complexity of the situation. The International Energy Agency has published its "World Energy Outlook" since 1998 and demonstrates ways of achieving a decarbonised energy of the future based on different scenarios. Taking three energy scenarios as the starting point, possible routes and corresponding effects by 2050 are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aluminium‐based composites (AMCs) are quite popular in several areas such as building, aerospace, automotive, marine, and aeronautical applications. Production industries deeply emphasize improvement in productivity and saving in cost. The composites fulfil these goals because of reinforcement materials. However, to bring in the composite to usage, it generally demands certain machining operation. Al‐4032 based 6 % (by weight) of granite marble powder (GMP) composite has been developed using stir casting set‐up. The fabricated composite has been examined for its machinability in milling operation. Cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are the cutting parameters selected for the machining trials. The response surface methodology‐based desirability approach has been employed to obtain the best parameters for achieving the desired objectives. Experimental results demonstrate that the machined composite is considerably influenced by built‐up edge formation and interfacial bonding of particles. Minimum surface roughness (1.57 μm) and energy consumption (0.45 kWh) have been achieved at cutting speed 200 m/min, feed rate 197 mm/min, and depth of cut 1.5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• R513A showed a 9% reduction in energy consumption compared to R134a. • The TEWI for R513A presented a reduction of 8.85% with respect to R134a. • The optimal charge of R513A presented a reduction of 16.7% with respect to R134a. Today, hydrofluorocarbons continue to be used as part of a long transition towards the use of fluids with less impact on the environment. In this sense, the present work provides more information on the thermal and energetic performance of a domestic refrigerator using the R513A refrigerant as a direct replacement for R134a. Initially, the effect of the variation of the R513A charge on certain parameters such as operating pressures and temperatures, the superheating degree and subcooling, as well as the cooling capacity, is evaluated. The charge variations were made in increments of 10 g, until the optimal charge was defined for R513A concerning the minimum energy consumption, which was 100 g, representing a reduction of 16.7% compared to R134a (120 g). Once the optimal charge was defined, comparisons were made between both refrigerants under the same test conditions, resulting in a very similar average temperature of the refrigerator compartments; and for a test period of 24 h, R513A showed a 9% reduction in energy consumption compared to R134a. Finally, the analysis of the total equivalent warming impact presented R513A as a fluid with a lesser impact, around 8.85%, relative to R134a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Română de Drept European is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The energy and exergy analysis of two bed solar adsorption cooling system has been studied. • The maximum COP of the system is found to be 0.68 at the maximum cycle temperature 95 °C. • The exergy efficiency decreases with decrease in maximum cycle temperature. • The irreversibility of the SAC system has been estimated and irreversibility of the adsorbent bed is found to be higher. The article presents, the energy-exergy based performance investigation of a solar driven two-bed adsorption refrigeration system. The energy and exergy balance equation for the cooling system has been developed for this analysis. Exergy assessment measures the destruction and losses in various components of the overall system. The thermodynamic model of adsorption refrigeration as well as the energy-exergy analysis is done with MATLAB R2019b platform. The Dubinine Astakhov (D-A) model is used to assess gas adsorption by activated carbon micro pores, and it exceeds other models due to its thermodynamic features. The system operates at a pressure of 2.01 kPa in the evaporator and 23.1 kPa in the condenser. The cooling capacity of the system has been fixed as 600 W, with evaporator and condenser temperatures at 5 °C and 45 °C respectively. Maximum coefficient of performance of cooling system achieved by the simulation study is 0.68. The collector receiver system's second law efficiency is quantified as 4.98% and the cooling system's irreversibility increases as the maximum cycle temperature increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BMS: Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique (Sage Publications Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Keeping it up" is out of the question – steel construction production must become climate‐neutral Owners of Medium‐sized steel construction companies and employers also have a personal responsibility to position their companies and their industry in a sustainable manner in the interests of future generations. A personal contribution explains how the entrepreneur Bernhard Hahner acts within the six areas of action worked out for his company in order to continuously come closer to the goal of "climate‐neutral steel construction". The article examines the possibilities of influencing suppliers and service providers, presents the development of own sustainable steel construction products and, in the area of "steel construction production", explains changes and improvements to buildings and systems that have already been implemented and are planned. Another topic is the cooperation with customers who both demand sustainable production and who can optimize projects before the start of production through intensive cooperation in the planning phase. Trends such as urban mining or building information modeling are also discussed. Conclusion of the current situation: far‐reaching changes are unavoidable, but they are also realistically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New processes for exhaust air purification with improved economy and low carbon dioxide formation are presented. Focus is on the treatment of particularly problematic emissions in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Highlighted are emission storages for batch operation with molecular sieves and flexible textile fabric. Assessments of photolytic processes and experiences gained from practice make the current status of a significant part of the BAT exhaust air purification technology manageable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenges related to energy storage have led, over the past decade, to a scientific proliferation giving birth to spectacular innovations in battery research. They have contributed in making todays electric mobility a reality, and have been key enablers in the deployment of renewable energies. However, it is legitimate to wonder what will be the battery of the future and, in particular, if this battery will be the right option for sustainable development. This is what this manuscript addresses by discussing many aspects of battery research enlisting performances improvements in terms of autonomy, durability and safety. Moreover it presents on ongoing strategies aiming towards the development of more eco-compatible and smarter batteries, based either on new chemistries enlisting abundant metals (Na-ion), on innovative recycling processes or on the injections of smart sensing and self-healing functionalities. Such a diversity of fundamental scientific challenges emerging from concrete technological bottlenecks generates a myriad of fascinating opportunities to arouse new generation of talented students to take part in this exciting adventure.

L’article s’intéresse aux conditions d’émergence et aux contenus des politiques de transition énergétique dans un type de territoire, les villes décroissantes, considérées à la fois comme des collectivités favorables à l’engagement dans des politiques alternatives, notamment dans le domaine du développement durable, mais également comme fragilisées par les crises qui les frappent. Il s’agit donc d’examiner, à partir d’une enquête de terrain à Vitry-le-François, archétype d’une petite ville française en décroissance urbaine, à quelles conditions et selon quelles finalités une politique de transition énergétique a émergé et s’est structurée. L’analyse rend compte du rôle de la crise territoriale provoquée par la décroissance urbaine dans l’émergence de la politique de transition énergétique et de la manière dont ce contexte conduit à penser la transition énergétique comme une politique de redéveloppement territorial.

Le recours à l’échelle locale pour mettre en œuvre des politiques climatiques se retrouve, en France, au travers des plans climat-air-énergie territoriaux (PCAET). Nous avons d’abord cherché à identifier, dans la bibliographie, ce qui est attendu de cet échelon scalaire et les grands leviers sur lesquels les collectivités peuvent agir. Puis, nous avons comparé ces possibles aux objectifs des PCAET de trois villes moyennes françaises dont les plans sont considérés comme particulièrement réussis, et mis en évidence que s’ils prennent en charge une diminution des consommations d’énergie et des actions de mobilisation des acteurs locaux, ils ne se saisissent que d’un seul des trois autres leviers à leur disposition (la production d’énergie, les infrastructures et la planification urbaine). Pour réussir leur mise en œuvre, ils cherchent à favoriser la transversalité dans leurs actions et à provoquer une dynamique par le recours à des labels.

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering / Revista Română de Inginerie Civilă is the property of Matrix Rom and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Access to energy is a key factor in the economic development of countries. We will first examine the evolution of different ways to access to energy and their correlations with world population and countries’ GDP. We will see that the objectives of reducing carbon dioxide emissions which require a profound transformation of our access to energy will be very difficult to achieve. We will also see that the thermal improvement of buildings, and in particular the renovation of existing housing, is one of the possible objective.

The aim of this research was to investigate the energy input-output analysis of apple produced in Karaman province of Central Anatolian Region in Turkey. This research was conducted at the apple cultivating facilities during the 2016 and 2017 production seasons in Karaman province. Production data of this research were collected in 2018. In order to determine the energy use efficiency of apple cultivation, various surveys were conducted at the 180 apple farms located in Karaman and selected through Simple Random Sampling method. The data were collected by face to face questionnaires and observations. The agricultural input and output energies used in apple cultivation were calculated to determine the energy input-output analysis. The energy input and output values in apple production were calculated as 78,378.08 MJ ha−1 and 99,959.60 MJ ha−1, respectively. Based on these research findings, the energy inputs in apple cultivation were 15,364.70 MJ ha−1 (19.60%) chemical fertilizers energy, 31,623.70 MJ ha−1 (40.35%) diesel fuel energy, 13,864.40 MJ ha−1 (17.69%) chemicals energy, 6998.40 MJ ha−1 (8.93%) machinery energy, 5738.88 MJ ha−1 (7.32%) human labor energy 2016 MJ ha−1 (2.57%) irrigation water energy and 2772.00 MJ ha−1 (3.54%) electricity energy, respectively. Yield output energy of apple production was calculated as 99,959.60 MJ ha−1. The energy productivity, specific energy, energy use efficiency and net energy calculations were also calculated as 0.54 kg MJ−1, 1.84 MJ kg−1, 1.28 and 21,581.52 MJ ha−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth performance of birds depends on their juvenile development, which is also the most crucial and exigent period in the production of guinea fowl. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of variation in energy and protein intake of local keets. A total of 600 local keets were allocated to 5 treatments groups: control, low energy (Low-E), low protein (Low-P), high energy (High-E) and high protein (High-P) with 4 replicates of 30 keets each. Feed was offered ad libitum and feed intake was recorded daily. The birds were weighed weekly and mortalities were recorded. At 8 weeks of age, blood samples were collected for haematology and biochemical analysis. The data obtained were analysed using Graph Pad Prism 5.00.288 software in a completely randomised design. The results showed that the birds fed High-E diet consumed less feed at all ages than those in the other treatment groups. At 5 weeks onwards, body weights of keets fed Low-E and High-P diets increased (p < 0.05) more rapidly than those in control, High-E and Low-P diets. Keets fed High-E diet had a lower average daily weight gain than those in control, Low-E, High-P and Low-P diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was similar across treatment groups. Keets fed High-P and Low-E diets had less mortality. Most of the blood parameters were not affected (p > 0.05) by feed treatments. However, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the haematocrit of the birds according to the feed treatments. In conclusion, the Low-E and High-P diets improved body weights, average daily gain and reduced mortality rate during the juvenile age. The High-E negatively affected the feed intake. Diet did not significantly influence the level of total cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides and albumin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether carbohydrate-energy replacement immediately after prolonged endurance exercise attenuates insulin sensitivity the following morning, and whether exercise improves insulin sensitivity the following morning independent of an exercise-induced carbohydrate deficit. Oral glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity were compared the morning after 3 evening conditions, involving (1) treadmill exercise followed by a carbohydrate replacement drink (200 or 150 g maltodextrin for males and females, respectively; CHO-replace); (2) treadmill exercise followed by a non-caloric, taste-matched placebo (CHO-deficit); or (3) seated rest with no drink provided (Rest). Treadmill exercise involved 90 minutes at ∼80% age-predicted maximum heart rate. Seven males and 2 females (aged 23 ± 1 years; body mass index 24.0 ± 2.7 kg·m−2) completed all conditions in a randomised order. Matsuda index improved by 22% (2.2 [0.3, 4.0] au, p = 0.03) and HOMA2-IR improved by 10% (–0.04 [–0.08, 0.00] au, p = 0.04) in CHO-deficit versus CHO-replace, without corresponding changes in postprandial glycaemia. Outcomes were similar between Rest and other conditions. These data suggest that improvements to insulin sensitivity in healthy populations following acute moderate/vigorous intensity endurance exercise may be dependent on the presence of a carbohydrate-energy deficit. Novelty: Restoration of carbohydrate balance following acute endurance exercise attenuated whole-body insulin sensitivity. Exercise per se failed to enhance whole-body insulin sensitivity. Maximising or prolonging the post-exercise carbohydrate deficit may enhance acute benefits to insulin sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EU-topías: A Journal on Interculturality, Communication & European Studies is the property of Universite de Geneve, Global Studies Intitute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cette étude a été menée au Cameroun dans le département de la Menoua, région de l’Ouest avec pour objectif une meilleure connaissance des vents induits par les véhicules en mouvement, ainsi que leurs potentiels énergétiques. Pour y parvenir, des données ont été collectées avec un anémomètre monté sur un véhicule, puis elles ont été analysées à l’aide de Microsoft Excel et du Logiciel SPSS 23. L’étude s’est intéressée à la variation de la vitesse du vent en fonction de celle du véhicule, de la position du capteur de l’anémomètre au tour du véhicule et ainsi que de l’altitude. Elle a révélé à son terme que, le vent induit par les véhicules en mouvement est un vent artificiel caractérisé par sa direction qui est unique et qui est toujours opposé au sens d’avancement du véhicule, sa vitesse qui dépend de la vitesse d’avancement du véhicule, qui varie tout autour de celui-ci (avec les positions avant et dessus présentant des avantages relatifs par rapport aux positions derrière et latérale basse) et qui est indépendante de l’altitude. Par rapport aux vents naturels, il présente l’avantage d’être plus stable et facile à prédire. Ce vent recèle également une immense quantité d’énergie dont la valorisation permettrait de développer plusieurs applications notamment dans le domaine de l’énergie des transports.

Objectives. We will review current concepts regarding bioenergetic decline in heart failure (HF). In the heart, the high energy demand must be met by continuous ATP generation. Cardiac energetic machinery orchestrates the ATP production by using oxidation of multiple energetic substrates including fatty acids (FA), glucose, amino acids and ketone bodies. The normal heart is metabolically flexible and able to use different energetic fuels during physiologic or pathologic circumstances to better match the energy demand. Mitochondria have critical role in maintaining cardiac metabolic flexibility. Methods. We analyzed the scientific literature pertinent to HF and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results. The general consent is that metabolic flexibility is lost in HF with either preserved or reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively). The prototype of HFpEF is the metabolic heart disease that is characterized by increased reliance on FA oxidation for ATP production and decreased glucose oxidation, while HFrEF presents a decreased FA oxidation. Both types of HF are associated with a decline in mitochondrial function leading to increased oxidative stress, abnormalities in the redox status and energy deficit. Conclusion. Current research is committed to find novel metabolically targeted therapeutic approaches to improve energetic metabolism and alleviate HF progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

l Performance of mixtures consisting R1234yf, R170, R41 and R1132a were investigated within a three-stage ACR. l All alternatives presented promising energy results and can be recommended to replace R23. l The isobaric 3D and the isothermal-isobaric ternary VLE diagrams were presented. l R1234yf/R23/R14 (0.59/0.24/0.17) offers the maximum COP and exergy efficiency of 0.614 and 26.15%. l R1234yf/R41/R14 (0.64/0.17/0.19) is suggested as a promising alternative refrigerant at -100 °C. In order to seek promising refrigerants for vapor compression refrigeration system to obtain ultra-low temperatures down to -100 °C, and to determine whether the low-GWP refrigerants, R41, R170 and R1132a, are suitable substitutes for R23, this study conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis on the cycle characteristics of a three-stage auto-cascade refrigeration (ACR) system using R1234yf/R23/R14, R1234yf/R41/R14, R1234yf/R170/R14 and R1234yf/R1132a/R14. The system performances, including cooling capacity, coefficient of performance (COP), evaporation temperature, compressor discharge temperature, exergy destruction and efficiency were investigated with various compositions and vapor qualities. Results show that R41, R170 and R1132a can all be recommended to replace R23, and the alternatives present promising thermodynamic properties in theoretical simulations. Under the same operation conditions, the cooling capacity of the R1234yf/R41/R14 system is the largest, while the maximum COP and exergy efficiency occur in the R1234yf/R23/R14 system. Considering the energy shortage and environmental pollution issues, R1234yf/R41/R14 with the mass fraction of 0.64/0.17/0.19, COP of 0.2713, and exergy efficiency of 13.91% performs better and hence can be suggested as an alternative refrigerant for the three-stage ACR operating at -100 °C. The largest exergy destruction component occurs in the compressor, followed by the air-cooled condenser and expansion valve, on which future optimization work can be carried out. The results provide a basic theoretical analysis of the selection and replacement of refrigerant in three-stage ACR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Information Technology & Automatic Control / Revista Română de Informatică și Automatică is the property of National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics - ICI Bucharest and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Thermodynamic analysis of a two bed solar adsorption refrigeration system is presented. • Activated carbon-ethanol is the best adsorbent-adsorbate pair for the continuous operating adsorption cooling cycle. • The maximum C O P S Y of the system is 0.68 for the desorption temperature of 95 °C. • Dependency of performance parameters with desorption temperature is studied. • Isothermal adsorption is thermodynamically efficient as compared to isobaric adsorption. In this study, a thermodynamic model for analysing the performance of a two-bed solar adsorption cooling system (SAC) has been presented. It projects isothermal adsorption instead of isobaric to reduce the heat of adsorption and hence improve the performance of SAC system. An adsorption chiller of 500 W capacity operating at an evaporator temperature of 5 °C and a condenser temperature of 45 °C is selected for the present research. The proposed adsorption chiller uses activated carbon/ethanol as the working pair. The refrigeration cycle operates between an evaporator pressure of 2.01 kPa and a condenser pressure of 23.1 kPa. The input heat distribution in the bed component, followed by, assessing the effect of maximum desorption temperature on the performance of the system is also carried out. The maximum coefficient of performance of 0.68 is observed for a desorption temperature of 95 °C.The thermal performance of the system is also studied for adsorbate fraction, adsorbent bed pressure and effect of desorption temperature on various parameters. It has been found that the isothermal adsorption process increases the thermal performance of the SAC and it is estimated that coefficient of performance of the system with isothermal adsorption is 13.23% times more when compared with conventional isobaric adsorption. The study aims at providing a formidable solution to the low performance of adsorption cooling systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing efficient noble metal-free systems for electrocatalysis and the reduction of oxygen (ORR) is crucial for hydrogen economy. Bioinspired hybrids combining iron or copper/iron porphyrins with multiwalled carbon nanotubes were tested for ORR using a rotating ring-disk electrode at pH 13 to 8. The porphyrin-nanotube hybrids exhibited better electrocatalytic properties than their constituents alone due to the electrical network formed by the nanotubes, and they reduced oxygen via a four-electron pathway to produce water. Whereas the presence of Cu was not mandatory to reduce oxygen, its presence improved ORR activity and decreased the overpotential compared to monometalic (iron porphyrin) hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tōhoku Pacific Coast earthquake on 11 March 2011 severely disrupted transport networks, suddenly jeopardising a large part of Japan, and prompting authorities to take fast action. Refugees and inhabitants of the affected areas were forced to adapt their transport needs. This unprecedented situation laid bare the need for a more resilient Japanese transportation infrastructure in order to significantly improve physical and social reconstruction capacity during an emergency situation. This paper analyses the damage and impact of the disaster on transport and its energy infrastructure, reviews the measures adopted, and assesses past and acquired resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discrete element method (DEM) was used to develop a model to simulate hemp processing using a hammer mill. The model was computed using a commercial software package - Particle Flow Code in Three Dimensions (PFC3D). In the model, a simulated hemp stem was defined using spherical particles connected with parallel bonds implemented in the PFC3D. The breakage of the bonds mimics the hemp breaking phenomenon within the hammermill. A micro property, bond strength of the hemp stems, was calibrated using the literature data from compression tests of hemp stems. The calibrated bond strength was 2.2 x106 Pa. With the calibrated bond strength, the model was used to simulate the power and energy distributions within the hammermill. The simulations were performed for different hammer rotational speeds and feeding masses. The results showed that both the specific kinetic and strain energies increased with the increase of the feeding mass; however, the effects of the hammer rotational speed did not follow any particular trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Energie und Energieflüsse können durch Quanteneffekte negativ werden. Lange Zeit blieb unklar, wie groß dieser Effekt sein kann, also wie negativ Energieflüsse maximal werden können. Strikte Schranken hierfür liefern jedoch sogenannte Quanten‐Energiebedingungen. Mathematisch lassen sie sich in Form von Ungleichungen fassen. Auf der linken Seite dieser Ungleichungen steht die Energie oder der Energiefluss und auf der rechten Seite eine bestimmte Kombination aus Ableitungen der sogenannten Verschränkungsentropie. Letztere ist ein Maß für die Quantennatur eines Systems, also wie stark das System von der klassischen Mechanik abweicht. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of EMERG: Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization is the property of Romanian National Committee of World Energy Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)