4,274 results on '"*GROUP homes"'
Search Results
52. Interim Impacts of the POWER through Choices Program
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US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (DHHS), Office of Adolescent Health, Goesling, Brian, Covington, Reginald D., Manlove, Jennifer, Barry, Megan, Oman, Roy F., and Veseley, Sara
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Some of the nation's most vulnerable youth are those living in foster care and other out-of-home settings. Many such youth have experienced abuse and neglect, face mental health and substance abuse challenges, and struggle with serious behavioral problems (Casanueva et al. 2014). They are more likely than their peers to have academic struggles and less likely to graduate from high school or attend college (Dworsky et al. 2014). In part for these reasons, they also have higher rates of teen pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and associated sexual risk behaviors. Estimates suggest that as many as one in three girls in foster care will become a teen mother--a rate more than double the national average (Dworsky and Courtney 2010). Of those who become mothers before age 18, more than one in four will go on to have another child before aging out of their teens (Putnam-Hornstein and King 2014). This report presents interim findings from a large-scale demonstration project and evaluation of the POWER Through Choices (PTC) program, a comprehensive sexual health education curriculum designed specifically for youth in foster care and other out-of-home care settings. The program features ten 90-minute sessions delivered to small groups of youth by trained facilitators in a classroom-based setting. This curriculum-based structure is similar to many teen pregnancy prevention programs delivered to general youth populations in schools and community settings. The PTC program is unique, however, in addressing the needs and risk factors specific to youth in foster care and other out-of-home care settings. Findings from an implementation study of the PTC program were presented in an earlier report (Meckstroth et al. 2014). The present report adds to these findings by describing the short-term impacts of the PTC program on youth knowledge, attitudes, and intentions. A future report will examine the program's longer-term impacts on youth sexual risk behaviors. The following are appended: (1) Nonresponse Analysis; (2) Outcome Measures; and (3) Sensitivity Analyses.
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- 2015
53. NDTAC Practice Guide: Quality Education Services Are Critical for Youth Involved with the Juvenile Justice and Child Welfare Systems
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National Evaluation and Technical Assistance Center for the Education of Children and Youth Who Are Neglected, Delinquent, or At-Risk (NDTAC), Gonsoulin, Simon, Clark, Heather Griller, and Rankin, Victoria E.
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This National Evaluation and Technical Assistance Center for the Education of Children and Youth Who are Neglected, Delinquent, or At-Risk (NDTAC) practice guide examines the principle that quality education services are critical for youth involved with the juvenile justice and child welfare systems. This principle asserts that, to address the many hardships that may affect a youth's educational outcomes--trauma, changes in placement, family mobility, disabling conditions, economic disadvantage, involvement in the justice system--educators need to provide high-quality education services to provide a counterbalance to these challenges. Education is a protective factor for youth who are system involved and can help prevent future delinquency and crime. The following Quality Education Services in Practice are presented, along with strategies for each practice: (1) Practice 1: Implement Practices That Impact Teacher and Learner Outcomes; (2) Practice 2: Instruct Students in a Manner That Prepares Them for Productive Citizenship and Decision-making in the Future; (3) Practice 3: Implement Effective Transitional Practices and Services; and (4) Practice 4: Implement Policies and Practices That Prioritize Quality Education Services That Meet the Unique Needs of Youth Who Are System Involved. The following resources and examples are appended: (1) Practice 1: Implement Principles That Impact Educator and Learner Outcomes; (2) Practice 2: Instruct Students in a Manner That Prepares Them for Productive Citizenship and Decisionmaking in the Future; (3) Practice 3: Implement Effective Transitional Practices and Services; and (4) Practice 4: Implement Policies and Practices That Prioritize Quality Education Services That Meet the Unique Needs of Youth Who Are System Involved.
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- 2015
54. Effects of Dementia Care Mapping on Job Satisfaction and Caring Skills of Staff Caring for Older People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Quasi-Experimental Study
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Schaap, Feija D., Finnema, Evelyn J., Stewart, Roy E., Dijkstra, Geke J., and Reijneveld, Sijmen A.
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Background: The ageing of people with intellectual disabilities, involving consequences like dementia, creates a need for methods to support care staff. One promising method is Dementia Care Mapping (DCM). This study examined the effect of DCM on job satisfaction and care skills of ID-care staff. Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental study in 23 group homes for older people with intellectual disabilities in the Netherlands. Among staff, we assessed job satisfaction and care skills as primary outcomes and work experience measures as secondary outcomes (N = 227). Results: Dementia Care Mapping achieved no significantly better effect than care as usual (CAU) for primary outcomes on job satisfaction (MWSS-HC) and working skills (P-CAT). Effect sizes varied from -0.18 to -0.66. We also found no differences for any of the secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Dementia Care Mapping does not increase job satisfaction and care skills of staff caring for older people with intellectual disabilities. This result differs from previous findings and deserves further study.
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- 2019
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55. The Impact on Social Relationships of Moving from Congregated Settings to Personalized Accommodation
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McConkey, Roy, Bunting, Brendan, Keogh, Fiona, and Garcia Iriarte, Edurne
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A natural experiment contrasted the social relationships of people with intellectual disabilities (n = 110) before and after they moved from congregated settings to either personalized accommodation or group homes. Contrasts could also be drawn with individuals who had enduring mental health problems (n = 46) and who experienced similar moves. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in each person's residence on two occasions approximately 24 months apart. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to determine significant effects. Greater proportions of people living in personalized settings scored higher on the five chosen indicators of social relationships than did persons living in grouped accommodation. However, multivariate statistical analyses identified that only one in five persons increased their social relationships as a result of changes in their accommodation, particularly persons with an intellectual disability and high support needs. These findings reinforce the extent of social isolation experienced by people with disabilities and mental health problems that changes in their accommodation only partially counter.
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- 2019
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56. Service Managers' Experiences of How the Participation of People with Intellectual Disabilities Can Be Promoted in Swedish Group Homes
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Berlin Hallrup, Leena, Kumlien, Christine, and Carlson, Elisabeth
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Background: People with intellectual disabilities in staffed group homes often need lifelong support and dependency on others. Thereby, special demands are placed on staff and service managers to ensure opportunities for participation in everyday life. This study aims to explore how service managers promote participation in Swedish group homes for adults with intellectual disabilities. Method: A qualitative research design involving individual interviews with 14 service managers was used to gain an understanding of how the participation of adults with intellectual disabilities can be promoted in Swedish group homes. Results: The results comprise two main themes; Creating preconditions for participation and Barriers for promotion of participation. Conclusions: Service managers experienced that promoting service user participation in group homes was an important part of their responsibility. The findings indicate that structural strategies such as coaching, supervision and reflection are important and should be further developed.
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- 2019
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57. Active Support Training, Staff Assistance, and Engagement of Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the United States: Randomized Controlled Trial
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Qian, Xueqin, Larson, Sheryl A., Tichá, Renáta, Stancliffe, Roger, and Pettingell, Sandra L.
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Two non-U.S. quasi-experimental studies reported Active Support training was associated with increased engagement in individuals with IDD, but no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exist. We evaluated effects of Active Support training on staff assistance, and social and nonsocial engagement in 75 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in U.S. group homes. We detected no significant effects of active support training. Individuals with more skills and less challenging behavior engaged more in nonsocial activities. Younger individuals with more skills living in homes with fewer staff changes were more socially engaged. Factors associated with nonsocial engagement mirrored those reported in Qian, Tichá, Larson, Stancliffe, & Wuorio, (2015). Staffing-related implementation challenges and statistical power limited our ability to detect differences.
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- 2019
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58. A Comparison of Foster Care Reentry after Adoption in Two Large U.S. States
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Rolock, Nancy, White, Kevin R., Ocasio, Kerrie, Zhang, Lixia, MacKenzie, Michael J., and Fong, Rowena
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Purpose: This study examines foster care reentry after adoption, in Illinois and New Jersey. The provision of services and supports to adoptive families have garnered recent attention due to concern about the long-term stability of adoptive homes. Method: This study used administrative data to examine the pre-adoption characteristics associated with post-adoption foster care reentry. Children were tracked longitudinally, using administrative data, for five to fifteen years (depending on their date of adoption), or the age of majority. Results: Results indicated that most (95%) children did not reenter foster care after adoption. Findings from survival models suggested key covariates that may help to identify children most at risk for post-adoption reentry: child race, age at adoption, number of placement moves in foster care, and time spent in foster care prior to adoption. Conclusion: Study findings may help identify families most at-risk for post-adoption difficulties in order to develop preventative adoption service.
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- 2019
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59. An Exploration of Communication within Active Support for Adults with High and Low Support Needs
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Iacono, Teresa, Bould, Emma, Beadle-Brown, Julie, and Bigby, Christine
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Background: The aim was to explore the relationship between quality of active support and communication support for people in group homes with high and low support needs. Methods: Data from 182 service users, 20-81 years (mean = 40), 89 with high support needs, were observed to have either good (n = 142) or poor (n = 40) communication support. Measures were of quality of active support, engagement and staff contact; field notes provided examples of good and poor communication supports. Results: We found a relationship between the quality of communication support and active support. Receiving good communication was associated with higher levels of engagement. Field notes included some examples of appropriate communication supports, but limited use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Conclusions: Staff show limited use of appropriate communication with people having high support needs who require AAC. Strategies to improve quality of practice are discussed.
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- 2019
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60. Exploring Spontaneous Interactions between People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities and Their Peers
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Kamstra, A., van der Putten, A. A. J., Maes, B., and Vlaskamp, C.
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Background: Peers living in the same group form important interaction partners for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). Given the severity of their disabilities, direct support persons (DSPs) play a significant role in facilitating interactions between these peers. This study explores the spontaneous interactions between persons with PIMD and the possibilities provided by DSPs related to physical positioning. Method: Observational data were obtained from 14 people with PIMD for three consecutive hours in a non-controlled situation. Results: Of all 213 observed interactions, 5.1% were with peers, 73.4% with DSPs, 14.9% with the observer, and 6.5% with others. In 61.3% of the observed timeframes, the participants with PIMD were positioned in a way that made it impossible to touch or/and to look at a peer. Conclusion: Generally, the observed positioning of the participants made contacts between peers nearly impossible. DSPs should create optimal conditions for interaction between peers.
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- 2019
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61. 'More People Talk to You When You Have a Dog'--Dogs as Catalysts for Social Inclusion of People with Intellectual Disabilities
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Bould, E., Bigby, C., Bennett, P. C., and Howell, T. J.
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Background: Research has shown Australian group homes, and supported living options, fail to support people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) to develop social connections. This pilot study evaluates the effectiveness of a visiting dog walking program to facilitate encounters with other community members. Method: Sixteen adults with IDs were assigned to one of two groups, matched on key characteristics. Group 1 had 14, 1-hour outings in the community with a dog and their handler; Group 2 had 14 outings with a handler alone, followed by an additional five outings with a handler and a dog. Within and between group differences were analysed according to number of encounters when a dog was present and absent. Qualitative data provided insights into the nature of these encounters. Results: The number of encounters was significantly higher when a dog was present than when participants went out into the community with a handler alone. This pattern was reflected in the qualitative data, which also suggested the presence of a dog helped to break social norms about speaking to strangers and discourage disrespect towards people with IDs. Conclusions: A dog walking program has the potential to encourage convivial encounters, which in the long term could be catalysts to help people with IDs build social connections in their communities; this should be further explored.
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- 2018
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62. Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2010: Selected Findings. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: National Report Series. Bulletin NCJ 241134
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US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Hockenberry, Sarah, Sickmund, Melissa, and Sladky, Anthony
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This bulletin is part of the "Juvenile Offenders and Victims National Report Series." The "National Report" offers a comprehensive statistical overview of the problems of juvenile crime, violence, and victimization and the response of the juvenile justice system. During each interim year, the bulletins in the "National Report Series" provide access to the latest information on juvenile arrests, court cases, juveniles in custody, and other topics of interest. Each bulletin in the series highlights selected topics at the forefront of juvenile justice policymaking, giving readers focused access to statistics on some of the most critical issues. Together, the "National Report" and this series provide a baseline of facts for juvenile justice professionals, policymakers, the media, and concerned citizens.
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- 2013
63. Quality Care for Down Syndrome and Dementia
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Tedder, Amanda
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This article will give both examples and methods to use when providing services to individuals with a dual diagnosis of Down syndrome and Dementia. This is a prevalent issue that most care facilities are facing as the population with Down syndrome age. Staff training, schedule adjustments, living space adjustments and a new thought process regarding active treatment are essential for successful, quality care to take place.
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- 2012
64. A Case Study of the Identity Development of an Adolescent Male with Emotional Disturbance and 48, XYYY Karyotype in an Institutional Setting
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Rausch, John L.
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The goal of this study was to utilize a phenomenological case study design to investigate the individual and social identity development of an adolescent male who had been placed in a high-security group home setting. The participant had been identified with emotional disturbance (ED), and 48, XYYY karyotype. The participant described his social and emotional development as being impacted by his environment, his level of personal control, and his view of the future. (Contains 1 table.)
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- 2012
65. No Place for Kids: The Case for Reducing Juvenile Incarceration
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Annie E. Casey Foundation and Mendel, Richard A.
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States confine juvenile offenders in many types of facilities, including group homes, residential treatment centers, boot camps, wilderness programs, or country-run youth facilities (some of them locked, others secured only through staff supervision). But the largest share of committed youth--about 40 percent of the total--are held in locked long-term youth correctional facilities operated primarily by state governments or by private firms under contract to states. Yet these institutions have never been found to reduce the criminality of troubled young people. Quite the opposite: For decades now, follow-up studies tracking youth released from juvenile corrections facilities have routinely reported high rates of recidivism. Meanwhile, reports of pervasive violence and abuse have been regularly emerging from these facilities for as long as anyone can remember. The main body of this report details six pervasive flaws in the states' long-standing heavy reliance on large, prison-like correctional institutions. Specifically, the report will show that these facilities are frequently: (1) dangerous, (2) ineffective, (3) unnecessary, (4) obsolete, (5) wasteful, and (6) inadequate. A subsequent chapter addresses the question of public safety, finding that states where juvenile confinement was sharply reduced in recent years experienced more favorable trends in juvenile crime than jurisdictions which maintained or increased their correctional facility populations. Finally, the report provides recommendations for states on how to reduce juvenile incarceration and redesign their juvenile corrections systems. (Contains 12 figures and 145 endnotes.) [For "No Place for Kids: The Case for Reducing Juvenile Incarceration. Issue Brief," see ED527945.]
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- 2011
66. 2010 American Community Survey/Puerto Rico Community Survey: Group Quarters Definitions
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US Census Bureau
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A group quarters is a place where people live or stay, in a group living arrangement, that is owned or managed by an entity or organization providing housing and/or services for the residents. This is not a typical household-type living arrangement. These services may include custodial or medical care as well as other types of assistance, and residency is commonly restricted to those receiving these services. People living in group quarters are usually not related to each other. Group quarters include such places as college residence halls, residential treatment centers, skilled nursing facilities, group homes, military barracks, correctional facilities, and workers' dormitories.
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- 2010
67. The Effects of Video Modeling on Staff Implementation of a Problem-Solving Intervention with Adults with Developmental Disabilities
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Collins, Shawnee, Higbee, Thomas S., and Salzberg, Charles L.
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We investigated the effects of video modeling on the percentage of correctly implemented problem-solving steps by staff in a group home for adults with developmental disabilities, using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants. The treatment consisted of staff watching a video model demonstrating the correct implementation of a problem-solving intervention (i.e., teaching clients to identify problems, possible solutions, and consequences to each solution, and to choose the best solution). The percentage of correctly implemented problem-solving steps increased for all participants, and the effect was maintained over time, generalized to novel problems, and generalized from role play with a researcher to actual clients. (Contains 2 figures.)
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- 2009
68. Assessing the Utility of a Demand Assessment for Functional Analysis
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Roscoe, Eileen M., Rooker, Griffin W., and Pence, Sacha T.
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We evaluated the utility of an assessment for identifying tasks for the functional analysis demand condition with 4 individuals who had been diagnosed with autism. During the demand assessment, a therapist presented a variety of tasks, and observers measured problem behavior and compliance to identify demands associated with low levels of compliance or high levels of problem behavior (low-probability demands) and demands associated with high levels of compliance or low levels of problem behavior (high-probability demands). Results showed that clearer functional analysis outcomes were obtained for 3 of the 4 participants when low-probability rather than high-probability demands were used. (Contains 2 figures.)
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- 2009
69. A Need For Correction: Reforming New York's Juvenile Justice System. Child Welfare Watch. Vol. 18, Fall 2009
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Center for an Urban Future, White, Andrew, Hemphill, Clara, and Hurley, Kendra
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In the wake of a U.S. Justice Department investigation that found widespread use of excessive force by staff at upstate psychiatric care facilities for mentally ill children, this new edition of Child Welfare Watch identifies shortcomings in mental health services and explores possible solutions, including the expansion of alternatives to incarceration for juvenile delinquents. Contents include: (1) Recommendations and Solutions; (2) Where the Sick get Sicker; (3) Private Institutions, Public Costs; (4) Admissions of Juvenile Delinquents and Juvenile Offenders to Institutions 1998-2008; (5) How New York's Juvenile Justice System Works; (6) Homes for Teens, Not Lock-Ups; (7) Keeping it in the Family; (8) On the Same Page; (9) What are the Alternatives?; (10) Snapshot of Juvenile Justice in NYC 2008; and (11) Watching the Numbers.
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- 2009
70. Shared-Life Communities for People with a Learning Disability: A Review of the Evidence
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Cumella, Stuart and Lyons, Maria
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Background: A key aim of public policy has been to move people with a learning disability from segregated settings into ordinary housing, with the expectation that they would become integrated in and accepted by the rest of society. Despite this policy, people with a learning disability have high rates of unemployment, social isolation, mental disorders and premature death. Aims: This raises questions about the dominant capitalist mode of care and makes it essential to consider alternative types of residence. Materials and Methods: This study reviews research into shared-care communities in which people with a learning disability share their lives with families and volunteers ("co-workers"), either in dispersed housing or in village settlements. Results: Reviews of research into types of accommodation for people with a learning disability have compared dispersed housing with "congregate" housing, finding that the former provide a better quality of life. However, they also found wide variations in outcome, which can be attributed to the heterogeneous range of accommodation categorised as "congregate." When shared-care communities are analysed separately, they were found to offer accommodation as homely as dispersed housing, with a similar lack of institutional practices. Residents in shared-care communities were also more likely than those in other types of accommodation to be involved in planning their own lives and in accessing professional health and social care. Research into shared-care communities has attributed these outcomes to the availability of meaningful and diverse employment, opportunities for friendship and long-term relationships with co-workers. Discussion: These conclusions are supported by the results of official inspections and by recent research, which has emphasised how the quality of life of residents with a learning disability is improved when there are long-term emotional bonds between staff and clients. It is concluded, therefore, that shared-care communities offer a viable alternative to traditional dispersed housing for people with a learning disability. Choice of accommodation has often been denied to people with a learning disability, even though the rest of the population now live in a wide variety of living circumstances. It is therefore recommended that public policy accepts the need for shared-life communities as one of a range of living options for people with a learning disability, rather than enforcing one type of accommodation deemed "normal.
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- 2018
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71. How Frontline Staff Manage Paperwork in Group Homes for People with Intellectual Disability: Implications for Practice
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Quilliam, Claire, Bigby, Christine, and Douglas, Jacinta
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Background: Paperwork is a key tool that transforms organizational intentions into actions in group homes, although prescriptive procedures may limit how frontline staff use it in practice. The aim of this study was to explore how frontline staff use paperwork in group homes for people with intellectual disability and identify practice implications. Method: Constructivist grounded theory methodology guided the research. Data collection included semi-structured interviews and participant observations. Coding, comparison and sorting methods were adopted to analyse how staff used paperwork. Results: Staff followed organizational paperwork rules when they aligned with their resident-focused approach to work. When they perceived rules to misalign with this approach, they managed paperwork by adjusting the time and place of completion, managing content, creating alternative tools and refusing completion. Conclusions: Staff purposefully managed paperwork rather than simply following procedures. Disability service organizations could develop flexible paperwork procedures and include frontline perspectives in paperwork development.
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- 2018
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72. Family Centered Treatment, Juvenile Justice, and the Grand Challenge of Smart Decarceration
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Bright, Charlotte Lyn, Farrell, Jill, Winters, Andrew M., Betsinger, Sara, and Lee, Bethany R.
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Purpose: Responding to social work's grand challenge of smart decarceration, this study investigated whether Family Centered Treatment (FCT), a home-based service for juvenile court-involved youth, is more effective than group care (GC) in reducing recidivism. Outcomes are juvenile readjudication and commitment to placement, and adult conviction and sentence of incarceration. Method: Data were drawn from service provider and state administrative databases. Propensity score matching was used to create a sample of 1,246 FCT youth and 693 GC youth. Cox proportional hazard models estimated time to the four outcomes. Results: FCT participants had a significantly lower risk of adult conviction and adult incarceration relative to youth who received GC. The findings for juvenile outcomes were nonsignificant. Discussion: FCT shows more favorable adult criminal justice outcomes than GC, making it a potentially effective community-based service to support smart decarceration for juvenile court-involved youth. [Paper presented at the Stockholm Conference on Behavioral and Social Intervention Research, 11-12 May, 2017.]
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- 2018
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73. Being a Valuable Contributor on the Frontline: The Self-Perception of Staff in Group Homes for People with Intellectual Disability
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Quilliam, Claire, Bigby, Christine, and Douglas, Jacinta
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Background: Group home frontline staff have a critical role in implementing service policies, yet research typically examines implementation issues from an organisational perspective. The aim of this study was to explore the self-perception of frontline staff about their role in group homes for people with intellectual disability. Method: Constructivist grounded theory methodology guided the study. Data were collected with frontline staff through semistructured interviews and participant observations. Coding and sorting methods were used to analyse participants' self-perception. Results: Frontline staff felt they were valuable contributors who knew the service setting and residents well. Despite this staff felt powerless in their roles, excluded from organisational dialogue, stressed and exhausted. Conclusions: Frontline staff have critical insight into service implementation although disability service organisations may limit their capacity to contribute to this. Further action could explore new ways to better nurture frontline staff engagement in organisational dialogue.
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- 2018
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74. General Nutrition Knowledge among Carers at Group Homes for People with Intellectual Disability
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Hamzaid, N. H., Flood, V. M., Prvan, T., and O'Connor, H. T.
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Background: Good nutrition knowledge among carers of people with intellectual disability (ID) living in group homes is essential as they have a primary role in food provision for residents. Research on the nutrition knowledge of carers is limited. Method: This cross-sectional study assessed the level of general nutrition knowledge in a convenience sample of Australian carers (C) of people with ID and compared this to the general Australian community (CM). Nutrition knowledge was evaluated using the validated General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire. Total knowledge score as well as performance on instrument sub-sections (dietary guidelines, nutrient sources, healthy food choices and diet disease relationships) were assessed (expressed as %). Knowledge scores were adjusted for known confounders (age, sex, education level, BMI, living arrangement and English spoken at home) using generalised linear modelling. Results: A total of 589 participants were recruited (C: n = 40; CM: n = 549). Age (C: 40.8 ± 12.1 year; CM: 37.8 ± 13.3 years; P = 0.145), sex distribution (C: 62.5%; CM: 67.2% female; P = 0.602) and English spoken at home (C: 82.5%; CM: 89.6%; P = 0.183) were similar between groups, but BMI (C: 28.5 ± 5.7 kgm-2; CM: 25.3 kgm-2; P = 0.002) was significantly lower and tertiary education (C: 52.5%; CM: 85.1%; P < 0.0005) significantly higher for CM. Total knowledge score (C: 56.6 ± 12.6%; CM: 67.2 ± 12.6%; P < 0.0005) and performance on all instrument sub-sections (P = 0.004) were significantly lower for carers. This remained after confounder adjustment except for the knowledge of dietary guidelines sub-section (P = 0.116). Conclusion: Limited carer nutrition knowledge may compromise their ability to plan and adapt meals to support a healthy and appropriate diet for people with ID in group homes.
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- 2018
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75. Changes in the Self-Rated Well-Being of People Who Move from Congregated Settings to Personalized Arrangements and Group Home Placements
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McConkey, Roy, Keogh, Fiona, Bunting, Brendan, and Iriarte, Edurne Garcia
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A natural experiment contrasted the self-rated well-being of people with intellectual disabilities (n = 75) and those with enduring mental health problems (n = 44) after they moved to new accommodation and support options, while others remained in congregated settings or living in the family home. Most support staff also provided well-being ratings. In personalized arrangements, personal well-being was significantly higher than in congregated settings; particularly for people with intellectual disability who had higher support needs compared to people with mental health problems. Moving to a group home also brought some improvement in the well-being ratings of people with intellectual disability but only for those with higher support needs. Such moves seemed to lead to a decline in well-being for those with mental health problems. There were marked discrepancies between ratings given by the person with those of staff. The well-being measure shows promise for use in further comparative and longitudinal studies.
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- 2018
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76. Active Adult Lives for Persons with Learning Disabilities--The Perspectives of Professionals
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Witsø, Aud Elisabeth and Kittelsaa, Anna M.
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Background: Living active adult lives is both a value and a right, but the right to do so is associated with restrictions among adults with learning disabilities. This research aimed to capture professionals' understanding and perception of active adult living for people with learning disabilities living in clustered housing in a Norwegian community. Materials and Methods: Field notes and transcripts of interviews were analysed by systematic text condensation based on Giorgi's psychological phenomenological analysis, with focus on the professionals' own expressions about their experiences and not an exploration of deeper meanings. Results and Discussion: The analysis identified four main themes: (i) active adult life as independent living and self-determination, (ii) choice of lifestyle, (iii) accommodation and privacy and (iv) the role of professionals. Results are discussed against concepts like dependence, independence and interdependence. Conclusion: The role of professionals and structural conditions for support and care is crucial for how active adult living is realised for people with learning disabilities. The results highlight the need for further discussions of conditions for active adult living in people with learning disabilities.
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- 2018
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77. Comparing Costs and Outcomes of Supported Living with Group Homes in Australia
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Bigby, Christine, Bould, Emma, and Beadle-Brown, Julie
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Background: Supported living is perceived as more flexible than group homes for people with intellectual disability. This study identified costs and factors associated with quality of life (QOL) in supported living and compared this with group homes. Method: Thirty-one residents in supported living participated in a survey incorporating measures of service user characteristics and QOL. Participants in supported living were compared to a sample of 397 people in 96 group homes, and QOL outcomes compared for a matched sample of 29 people in supported living and group homes. Results: QOL differed little, supported living was cheaper, and 30-35% of both groups had similar support needs. Being younger, having autism, better health, family support, and participation in structured activities were associated with better outcomes in supported living. Conclusions: Supported living holds potential for group home residents, but greater support is required in domains such as health and interpersonal relationships.
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- 2018
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78. Staff Perspectives on Paperwork in Group Homes for People with Intellectual Disability
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Quilliam, Claire, Bigby, Christine, and Douglas, Jacinta
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Background: Paperwork can transform organisational aims into action in group homes, but it can also be problematic for staff. The aim of this study was to explore frontline staff perspectives on paperwork in group homes for people with intellectual disability. Methods: Constructivist grounded theory methodology guided the study. Data were collected from 29 participants through semi-structured interviews, participant observations and journaling. Coding and sorting methods were used to analyse participants' perspectives. Results: Staff have nuanced paperwork perspectives. They described and evaluated paperwork in terms of its value and fit with resident-focused practice. They identified gaps in paperwork and reimagined its design and use. Conclusions: Frontline staffs' reflection suggests some paperwork hinders them from supporting residents well. This suggests organisations could consult better with staff to design paperwork that has a goodness of fit to their practice. Further research could explore how staff manage the limiting characteristics of paperwork.
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- 2018
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79. Qualitative Evaluation of a Physical Activity Health Promotion Programme for People with Intellectual Disabilities in a Group Home Setting
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Dixon-Ibarra, A., Driver, S., Nery-Hurwit, M., and VanVolkenburg, H.
- Abstract
Background: There is a lack of health promotion programming designed to change the physical activity environment of the group home setting. The Menu-Choice programme assists staff in creating physical activity goals alongside residents with intellectual disabilities and provides strategies to incorporate activity into the group home schedule. The purpose of this study was to complete a process evaluation of Menu-Choice utilizing qualitative methods. Methods: Twelve participants, who completed a 10-week pilot intervention (n = 7 staff, mean age 42; n = 5 residents, mean age 52), participated in face-to-face interviews. Participants represented five group home sites involved in the intervention. Results: Meta-themes included: (i) Programme training, (ii) Programme implementation, (iii) Programme physical activity, (iv) Programme barriers, (v) Programme facilitators and (vi) Programme feedback. Conclusions: Changes in programme training and simplified programme materials are needed to accommodate identified barriers for implementation. The importance of obtaining increased agency support and policy change is highlighted.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
80. Child Welfare Outcomes 2002-2005. Report to Congress
- Author
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Department of Health and Human Services and Administration for Children and Families (DHHS)
- Abstract
"Child Welfare Outcomes 2002-2005: Report to Congress" (Child Welfare Outcomes Report) is the seventh in a series of annual reports from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (the Department). The reports are developed in accordance with section 479A of the Social Security Act (as amended by the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997) and provide information pertaining to State performance on the following national child welfare outcomes: (1) Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect; (2) Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care; (3) Increase permanency for children in foster care; (4) Reduce time in foster care to reunification without increasing reentry; (5) Reduce time in foster care to adoption; (6) Increase placement stability; and (7) Reduce placements of young children in group homes or institutions. The outcomes reflect widely accepted performance objectives for child welfare practice. They were established by the Department in consultation with state and local child welfare agency administrators, child advocacy organizations, child welfare researchers, State legislators, and other experts in the child welfare field. The Child Welfare Outcomes Reports are designed to inform Congress, the states, and the public about state performance on key child welfare outcomes and change in performance over time. The underlying goal of the reports is to promote continuous improvement in the outcomes experienced by children served by child welfare systems throughout the nation. Five appendixes are included: (1) Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-89), Section 203(A); (2) Child Welfare Outcomes and Measures; (3) Data Sources and Data Elements; (4) Highlights of "Child Maltreatment 2005"; and (5) Annual AFCARS (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System) Report. (Contains 67 footnotes and 17 tables. Additional references, footnotes and tables are included on a state-by state basis.)
- Published
- 2008
81. The Link: Connecting Juvenile Justice and Child Welfare. Volume 6, Number 4, Spring 2008
- Author
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Child Welfare League of America, Shenk, Emily, and Price, Jennifer M.
- Abstract
This issue of "The Link" newsletter contains the following articles: (1) Evidence-Based Practice: Developing a New Business Model from the Inside Out (Jeremy Kohomban, Paul Schiller, and Patricia O'Gorman); (2) The School to Prison Pipeline and Criminalizing Youth: Costs, Consequences, and Alternatives (Marsha Weissman); (3) Group Homes Appear to Double Delinquency Risk for Foster Kids, Study Says (Craig Chamberlain); and (4) The Growing Toll: Non-Family Residential Care for Youth Linked to Delinquency; Costing 50 Percent More. Director's Message, Policy Update information, and Juvenile Justice News and Resources are also included. (References, notes, and figures are included for individual articles.)
- Published
- 2008
82. In Search of Program Implementation: 792 Replications of the Teaching-Family Model
- Author
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Fixsen, Dean L., Blase, Karen A., Timbers, Gary D., and Wolf, Montrose M.
- Abstract
This article discusses a solution-oriented and incremental approach to solving major social problems. If we are to solve important social problems such as child abuse, delinquency, and illiteracy, researchers need to generate effective programs that can be replicated and social service providers need to implement those programs with fidelity. The Teaching-Family Model, based on over 30 years of research, evaluation, and program experience, has been replicated across North America. We present an analysis of 792 attempted replications over a period of 15 years. The analysis reveals certain aspects of the treatment program that were found to be sufficient conditions for treatment program implementation and survival. These "Site services" are described and the implications for effective practices in services for children are presented. (Contains 1 table and 4 figures.)
- Published
- 2007
83. National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, No. 2: Foster Children's Caregivers and Caregiving Environments. Research Brief: Findings from the NSCAW Study
- Author
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Administration for Children and Families (DHHS)
- Abstract
Over 530,000 children are in foster care in the United States, living in a variety of settings, including non-relative foster homes, the homes of relatives, and group homes. However, little research has been available to provide a national picture of the circumstances in which these children reside. The National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) presents a unique profile of the experiences of children in foster care in the United States. Focusing on a national sample of children in foster care for one year, it provides a portrait of foster caregivers and foster caregiving environments, as well as the perceptions that children themselves have about their foster caregivers and their experiences in foster care. This research brief provides a portrait of those taking care of foster children in our country, the environments in which these children are being cared for, the children's perceptions about their caregiving arrangements, and the plans for reunification of this population. The NSCAW data reveal some favorable findings, such as the positive feelings that children express toward their foster parents and families, particularly those children in kinship care. However, the findings also highlight some issues for future consideration, such as the frequency of children's family visits, the large household size in non-kin foster homes, the relatively low educational and economic status of both kin and non-kin caregivers, and the less positive perceptions of caregiving environments expressed by children in group care. This is the second in a series of NSCAW research briefs, developed by Caliber Associates from the Baseline Report, focused on children in foster care who come into contact with the Child Protective System. (Contains 7 figures.)
- Published
- 2005
84. National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, No. 1: Who Are the Children in Foster Care? Research Brief: Findings from the NSCAW Study
- Author
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Administration for Children and Families (DHHS)
- Abstract
Over 530,000 children are in foster care in the United States. These children live in a variety of settings, including non-relative foster homes, the homes of relatives, and group homes. This research brief offers a national portrait of children who had been in foster care for one year. The National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) is unique in providing not only information on the demographic characteristics of these children and information on their maltreatment and placement experiences, but also carefully gathered data on their well-being. This report ascertains: (1) the characteristics of children in foster care for one year; (2) the experiences of abuse or neglect that have brought these children into the child welfare system; (3) where these children reside; and (4) how children in foster for one year are faring in terms of health and cognitive and social development. The findings indicate that children who have been in foster care for one year vary in age and race. They are most likely to have experienced some form of neglect as their most serious maltreatment, and a significant number had experienced multiple types of maltreatment. Most of these children are residing in non-kin foster care settings. The multiple difficulties experienced by children in foster care suggest that these children require substantial resources that are likely to go beyond the service capacity of most child welfare agencies. This is the first in a series of NSCAW research briefs, developed by Caliber Associates from the Baseline Report, focused on children in foster care who come into contact with the Child Protective System. (Contains 7 figures and 1 note.)
- Published
- 2005
85. Are We Having Fun Yet? Hitting the Moving Target of Program Choice, Wyoming, USA.
- Author
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Wyoming State Dept. of Health, Cheyenne. Developmental Disabilities Div., Heinlein, Ken B., Campbell, Edward M., Fortune, Jon, Severance, Don, and Fortune, Barbara
- Abstract
The changes in what people with developmental disabilities wanted and got for living and daytime settings in South Dakota and Wyoming during 1988 were compared to what they wanted and received in 2000. Although the percentage of people in their desired setting rose, there were substantial changes in the types of settings recommended over the years. The numbers of people for whom large residential facilities were recommended generally declined. Conversely, the recommendations for supported employment and supported living rose sharply. The barriers to people getting social and leisure activities were also analyzed. Data from Nebraska were added to the analyses. The Home and Community-Based Services expansion of services reduced some of the social barriers to community integration and independence and increased positive social activities for many of the 7,034 people served in Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. South Dakota hit a high point in 1987, with 87 percent of its people getting the program they wanted, and is approaching that high with the current 83 percent rate. Wyoming reached a new all time high of 83-90 percent of its people getting the programs they wanted in 2000, while Nebraska's rate was 77-82 percent. (Contains 46 references.) (Author/CR)
- Published
- 2000
86. Analysis of Costs of Services/Supports for People with Developmental Disabilities for Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming, USA.
- Author
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Wyoming State Dept. of Health, Cheyenne. Developmental Disabilities Div., Campbell, Edward M., Fortune, Jon, Severance, Donald, Holderegger, John, and Fortune, Barbara
- Abstract
A database was assembled from data collected on all people served by the Developmental Disabilities divisions of Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming, including state institutions and state-funded programs (n=5,928). Information included provider expenditures associated with each individual, allocations made by individual reimbursement rates, services/supports received, funding sources, and individual characteristics as measured by the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning. Results from the analysis found institutions had the highest costs. Although Home and Community-Based Service recipients experienced lower levels of independence than people funded with state money, their costs were higher. South Dakota's people had the highest independence scores. This was attributed to their relatively high utilization of supervised apartments and supported living. Wyoming's costs and rates were higher than those for the other two states, presumably a result of the "Weston v. Wyoming" lawsuit. Supported employment was less expensive than community facility-based daytime programs but this finding was not consistently found in all states. South Dakota, which had a relatively higher utilization of supported employment, also had significantly higher supported employment costs. Evidence substantiated a diseconomy of scale function, as costs increased steadily with agency size. (Contains 23 references.) (CR)
- Published
- 2000
87. Child Welfare Outcomes, 1998: Annual Report.
- Author
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American Humane Association, Englewood, CO.
- Abstract
This report is the first in a series of annual reports presenting data on state performance in meeting the needs of children and families who come into contact with the child welfare system, focusing on outcomes for these children. The seven outcomes are: (1) reduce recurrence of child abuse/neglect; (2) reduce incidence of child abuse/neglect in foster care; (3) increase permanency for children in foster care; (4) reduce time in foster care to reunification without increasing re-entry; (5) reduce time in foster care to adoption; (6) increase placement stability; and (7) reduce placements of young children in group homes or institutions. The introductory chapter depicts the child welfare system as seen through the perspective of children in the system, describes current challenges in child welfare, and details the Congress' and Department of Health and Human Services' responses to these challenges. Chapter 2 presents the seven outcomes, measures for each outcome, and the rationale for their selection. Chapter 3 describes the data sources used for measuring state performance. Chapter 4 presents key findings from the first year's effort, summarizes performance data for 30 states, with the best available data on the measures, and highlights implications for policy and practice. Chapter 5, the bulk of the report, presents individual state data pages, with each state having two pages of context data and three pages of outcome measures; some states include an additional page of commentary. Key findings indicate that in 1997, there were 485,870 child victims of maltreatment in 30 states, more than half suffering neglect. Forty-one percent of children entering foster care in fiscal year 1998 were 11 years or older. The median length of stay for children exiting care was 10.8 months. African American and Alaska Native/American Indian children were over-represented in foster care. Almost half the 23,523 children adopted were African American. The report's seven appendices include additional national statistics, measures associated with each of the outcomes, and data sources. (KB)
- Published
- 2000
88. Behavioral Outcomes of Deinstitutionalization for People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Review of Studies Conducted between 1980 and 1999.
- Author
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Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Research and Training Center on Community Living. and Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Inst. on Community Integration.
- Abstract
This reports presents results from a review of 38 published studies that measured behavioral outcomes associated with the movement of people with mental retardation from public institutions to community residential settings. Results demonstrate strongly and consistently that people who move from institutions to community settings have experiences that help them to improve their adaptive behavior skills. In the area of challenging behavior, all of the findings of decline associated with deinstitutionalization occurred in studies published during the 1980s. The studies of challenging behavior in the 1990s consistently found improvement in both overall challenging behavior and in the specific subdomains of challenging behavior measured. Evaluations of community behavior support and crisis response systems show that they can be both effective in addressing challenging behavior and preventing institutionalization, and at the same time be cost-effective. The review also found that people who moved from institutions improved their material well-being and community integration over that of a contrast group of people who remained in institutions. Finally, a comparison of the relative cost of serving people in community versus institutional settings found that the average expenditure for state institutions is substantially greater than the average expenditure from community service recipients. (Contains 62 references.) (CR)
- Published
- 1999
89. The Council on Quality and Leadership in Supports for People with Disabilities: Personal Outcomes Chart Book.
- Author
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National Center on Outcomes Research, Council on Quality and Leadership, Towson, MD.
- Abstract
This report describes the genesis, definition and use of the Personal Outcomes database, a database designed to assess whether programs and services are being effective in helping individuals with disabilities. The database is based on 25 outcome measures in seven domains, including: (1) identity, which is designed to provide a sense of how people express themselves as unique individuals; (2) autonomy, which measures control over physical environment, daily schedule, needs for privacy, and privileged and personal information; (3) affiliation, which assesses connections to other people; (4) attainment, which looks at how people define success in both personal and social terms; (5) safeguards, which measure compliance with health and safety codes; (6) rights, which measure fairness and support for individual rights; and (7) health and wellness, which include the outcomes of best possible health, freedom from abuse and neglect, and continuity and security. Findings are presented from data mining activities conducted by the National Center on Outcomes Research on 4 years of personal outcomes data including 1,851 interviews with individuals with disabilities in programs in 27 states. Results indicate the majority of the individuals with disabilities were living in supervised living arrangements. (CR)
- Published
- 1999
90. Towards Inclusion: National Evaluation of Deinstitutionalization Initiatives. Professional Report.
- Author
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Roeher Inst., North York (Ontario).
- Abstract
This report discusses outcomes of a Canadian initiative to assist in the deinstitutionalization of persons with intellectual disabilities in Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. The projects were managed through a partnership in each province including representatives from Human Resources Development Canada, the provincial government, the Canadian Association for Community Living, and the provincial Associations for Community Living. The projects included over 250 individuals with intellectual disabilities living in institutional facilities, and 15 individuals living without adequate supports in the community. Under the projects, the majority of those individuals who were supposed to move from institutional facilities did move; others are still receiving supports to assist them in making decisions with respect to their moving. As people became more included in their communities and were given greater status in decisions affecting them, enormous personal growth and development took place, opportunities for integration expanded, and their health status improved. The report discusses outcomes relating to self-determination, supportive personal relationships, educational and economic integration, community participation, and access to personal supports. The cost-effectiveness of the projects, mechanisms enabling community inclusion, policy factors, and future directions are also discussed. An appendix provides an overview of the initiative. (Author/CR)
- Published
- 1999
91. Quality Group Home Care for Adults with Developmental Disabilities and/or Mental Health Disorders: Yearning for Understanding, Security and Freedom
- Author
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Shipton, Leah and Lashewicz, Bonnie M.
- Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to uncover and understand factors influencing quality of care received by adults with developmental disabilities and/or mental health disorders living in group homes. Methods: The present authors conducted a secondary analysis of data from nine focus group discussions with adults with developmental disabilities and/or mental health disorders, and their family and paid caregivers (N = 52). To focus the analysis, the present authors drew on the research literature to craft a model of quality of group home care using concepts of social inclusion and self-determination, and corresponding staff approaches that include active support and person-centred care. Results: Social inclusion and self-determination for adults in group homes are facilitated by staff approaches and manifest in residents being understood and experiencing security and freedom. Conclusions: The present authors offer recommendations for group home resources, training, communication and outcome measures that promote residents' being understood and experiencing security and freedom.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
92. Does Model Matter? Examining Change across Time for Youth in Group Homes
- Author
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Farmer, Elizabeth M. Z., Seifert, Heather, Wagner, H. Ryan, Burns, Barbara J., and Murray, Maureen
- Abstract
Group homes are a frequently used but controversial treatment setting for youth with mental health problems. Within the relatively sparse literature on group homes, there is some evidence that some models of treatment may be associated with more positive outcomes for youth. This article explores this possibility by examining differences across time for youth served in group homes utilizing the Teaching Family Model (TFM) and geographically proximate homes using more eclectic approaches. Data come from a longitudinal quasi-experimental study that included 554 youth. Results suggest that youth showed, on average, significant and rapid improvement during initial months in a group home. Improvement did not differ for TFM and non-TFM homes during this initial period. Post-discharge results, though, show that TFM was associated with continued improvement after discharge and significantly better outcomes by 8 months post-discharge. Results also discuss youth-level factors that may influence outcomes as well as need for additional work to more fully understand processes and practices that are key for maximizing and maintaining youths' positive outcomes during and after group home placements.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. Social Support Influences on Substance Abuse Outcomes among Sober Living House Residents with Low and Moderate Psychiatric Severity
- Author
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Polcin, Douglas L. and Korcha, Rachael
- Abstract
Social support and psychiatric severity are known to influence substance abuse. However, little is known about how their influences vary under different conditions. We aimed to study how different types of social support were associated with substance abuse outcomes among persons with low and moderate psychiatric severity who entered Sober Living Houses (SLHs). Two hundred forty-five individuals entering 16 SLHs were interviewed at baseline and 6, 12 and 18 months. The Brief Symptom Inventory assessed psychiatric symptoms and the Important People Instrument and a modified AA Affiliation Scale assessed social support. Social support variables predicted substance abuse outcomes for persons with low and moderate psychiatric severity. However, they were the strongest and most consistent predictors for the low severity group.
- Published
- 2017
94. Conundrums of Supported Living: The Experiences of People with Intellectual Disability
- Author
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Bigby, Christine, Bould, Emma, and Beadle-Brown, Julie
- Abstract
Background: Dissatisfaction with the inflexibility of the group home model has led to the growth of supported living that separates housing from support and is thought to have greater potential for better quality of life outcomes. Comparative studies have had mixed findings with some showing few differences, other than greater choice in supported living. By investigating service user experiences of supported living this study aimed to identify how the potential of supported living might be better realised. Method: Thirty-four people with intellectual disability participated in 7 focus group interviews and 6 people in an individual interview. Data were analysed using grounded theory methods. Results: Although participants experienced greater choice and control over their everyday lives, they did not feel they controlled the way support was provided and experienced restrictions on lifestyle associated with low income. Despite their use of community places and varied social connections to family, friends, and acquaintances, most experienced loneliness. Conclusions: If the potential of supported living is to be realised, shortcomings of support arrangements must be addressed by, for example, greater consistency of support worker skills, consumer control over recruitment and rostering, and more skilled support to build friendships and manage difficult relationships.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. A Longitudinal Study of Turnover among Newly Hired Residential Direct Support Workers in Small Community Homes Serving People with Developmental Disabilities: Summary Report, Report 50.
- Author
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Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Inst. on Community Integration., Larson, Sheryl A., and Lakin, K. Charlie
- Abstract
Two studies examined turnover among newly hired residential direct support workers in community homes serving people with developmental disabilities. In Study 1, 110 community homes for people with mental retardation in Minnesota were surveyed for facility and residential characteristics, direct support worker wages and benefits, recruitment and retention outcomes, factors associated with turnover, strategies to address staffing challenges, and supervisor suggested changes. Study 2 involved 5 surveys of 124 newly hired direct-support workers at homes that had been previously surveyed. Workers were surveyed regarding worker characteristics, direct support worker outcomes, reasons for wanting to leave, workers' recommendations to agencies, the most difficult aspects of direct support work, and workers' recommendations for potential direct support workers. Findings of the two studies indicated an average turnover rate of 46-48 percent over two years. Factors affecting recruitment and retention outcomes included the length of time a particular home had been in operation, severity of residents' disabilities, and the tenure of the home supervisor. Recommendations to address recruitment and retention challenges are offered for the application process, for the period of worker entry into the organization, for the period of organizational socialization, and for ongoing strategies. (Contains 37 references.) (DB)
- Published
- 1997
96. Residential Services for Persons with Developmental Disabilities: Status and Trends through 1996. Report #49.
- Author
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Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Research and Training Center on Community Living., Prouty, Robert, and Lakin, K. Charlie
- Abstract
This report from the ongoing National Residential Information Systems Project provides statistics on persons with mental retardation and related developmental disabilities (MR/DD) receiving residential services in the United States for the year ending June 30, 1996, as well as comparative statistics from earlier years. Section 1 contains chapters on populations of state-operated residential settings in 1996, longitudinal trends in large state-operated residential facilities 1950-1996, large state MR/DD residential facility closures 1960 to 2000 and individual facility populations and per diem rates in fiscal year 1996, and characteristics and movement of residents of large state facilities. Section 2 contains chapters on services provided by state and nonstate agencies in 1996, number of residential settings and residents by type of living arrangement, and changing patterns in residential service systems 1977-1996. Section 3 focuses on the utilization of the Medicaid program to sponsor long-term services for persons with MR/DD. Chapters cover Medicaid long-term care programs; utilization of and expenditures for Medicaid institutional, home, and community-based services; and conversion of Medicaid Intermediate Care Facilities for persons with MR/DD to home and community based services. The last section contains state profiles of selected service indicators 1977-1996. (Contains 50 references, 54 tables, and 23 figures.) (CR)
- Published
- 1997
97. Community Integration Policy and Practice Abstracts, Third Edition.
- Author
-
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Inst. on Community Integration., Syracuse Univ., NY. Center on Human Policy., Searl, Julia, and Harris, Perri
- Abstract
This document is a compilation of 166 abstracts of journal articles relevant to community integration for people with developmental disabilities. Articles were published from 1988 through 1997 and were selected for inclusion based on their relevance to policy and practice with research articles included if they had a strong applied emphasis. Abstracts are grouped under the following topics: abuse, communication--social relationships, community and supported living, criminal justice, education--inclusion, education--policies, employment, facilitated communication, families, funding, health care, institutional closure, leisure, multicultural issues, national trends, parents with disabilities, philosophy/ideology, policy, quality assurance, reproductive issues, self-determination, sexuality, social relationships, and transition to adulthood. (DB)
- Published
- 1997
98. Preventing Alcohol-Related Problems on Campus: Substance-Free Residence Halls.
- Author
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Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, MA., Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, Newton, MA., and Finn, Peter
- Abstract
This document offers guidance to college housing officers in implementing substance-free campus housing. The guide offers reasons for supporting the establishment of substance-free residence halls; provides evidence that such living areas benefit both students and the college; and offers suggestions for setting up and maintaining substance-free housing. One section of the report covers starting substance-free housing areas, including finding a leader, conducting a needs assessment, involving all pertinent parties, developing a proposal, anticipating questions and concerns, and picking the location. Other sections cover recruiting and screening applicants, contracts with students, selecting and training housing staff, special programming, enforcing rules, and evaluation. Four case studies are presented: two of fraternities that have become substance-free (the University of Maine and Indiana University); and two of "recovery" housing at Rutgers University (New Jersey) and Dartmouth College (New Hampshire). A resource list and list of related publications are appended. (Contains 11 endnotes.) (CH)
- Published
- 1997
99. Jay Nolan Community Services: The Advantages and Dilemmas of Converting Quickly from Group Homes to Supported Living Services.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. Center on Human Policy. and Hulgin, Kathleen M.
- Abstract
This report describes the experiences of one California nonprofit agency which evolved, in less than 3 years, from supporting 65 people with autism and other challenging behaviors in 13 group homes to supporting 57 people who live in their own homes. The report describes the program's initial focus on providing integrated services in the group homes and providing community living services for individuals desiring them, and then the eventual decision to close all the group homes. Opportunities and strategies which contributed to this rapid transition are briefly summarized, noting the agency tradition of parental involvement, willingness to consider many alternatives for individuals, and utilization of diverse sources of funding. Current efforts in the evolutionary process are explained, including implementation of "circles of support" (in which the individual, family, and staff meet regularly and share decision-making); rearranged staff responsibilities (with emphasis on matching living assistants with clients); and continuous formal and informal staff development activities. Two case studies of individuals who live independently but receive support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week are presented to illustrate the positive effects of the change on the lives of individuals. (DB)
- Published
- 1996
100. Residential Services for Persons with Developmental Disabilities: Status and Trends through 1995. Report #49.
- Author
-
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Research and Training Center on Community Living., Prouty, Robert, and Lakin, K. Charlie
- Abstract
This report from the ongoing National Residential Information Systems Project on Residential Services provides statistics on persons with mental retardation and related developmental disabilities (MR/DD) receiving residential services in the U.S. for the year ending June 30,1995, as well as comparative statistics from earlier years. The report includes a description of how the information was collected and an executive summary. The executive summary highlights key findings in the areas of: (1) state-operated residential services, including the number and size of residential facilities, the number of residents, expenditures, and facility closures; (2) all state and non-state residential services, including number and size of residential settings, number of residents, interstate variability, state and non-state residential setting by type, and patterns of change in residential service systems from 1977 to 1995; and (3) Medicaid funded services, including intermediate care facilities for persons with mental retardation, Medicaid Home and Community Based Services, nursing home residents, and Medicaid Community Supported Living Arrangements. Findings indicate the number of state-operated facilities continues to grow, the number of residential settings (including care and instruction) for persons with MR/DD is also growing, and the number of intermediate care facilities has decreased. (CR)
- Published
- 1996
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