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The purpose of this study was to identify employability skills needed by students to be embedded into sport management curriculum. Focus group, qualitative, methodology was used. Three focus groups with a total of 11 (n=11) participants revealed skills and knowledge employers desired in graduates of sport management programs. Analysis of the data revealed four major categories of skills that employers desired: personal skills, technical skills, job search skills, and foundational knowledge. The skill of the moderator, transcription of the data, and individual focus group participants dominating the discussion were all common limitations to this study based on the focus group methodology used. Educators in business programs can use this methodology to identify transferable skills that can be embedded into their curriculum. Minimal literature exists on the practical application on how to align sport management curriculum and education with industry needs and expectations.

The aim of this study is to develop an Entrepreneurship Scale to measure the entrepreneurial skills of 5th grade students and to conduct the reliability and validity of the scale. This research is a descriptive survey method. The pilot application was made with 432 students in Amasya City in Turkey. SPSS 23 and LISREL 8.80 programs were used to analyze the data. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to construct the validity. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a 4-factor structure emerged on the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure, and it was determined that the developed model was in compliance with the criteria in the literature. These sub-factors were identified as meaningful in terms of self-confidence, need for success, personal benefit and leadership and responsibility. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.77. At the end of the research, a reliable and valid measurement scale about entrepreneurship was developed for the 5th grade students.

The article highlights that the increasing quality of goods and services in physical education depends on human resourcing and indicates the need to improve the quality of physical education and training of specialists for successful self-realization in the modern labour market. The author considers sports entrepreneurship to be a special kind of business, which is specified by relevant value orientations, knowledge and skills in certain activities in sports and commerce. Therefore, there appears to be a need not only for professional training of future athletes, physical education teachers and coaches as specialists but also as entrepreneurs. In this context, the article analyzes socioeconomic and legal conditions of social progress, which determine professional activities and areas of specialists' self-realization, including in physical education and sport. It also justifies the need to create favourable conditions in the system of higher physical education in order to develop entrepreneurship competence in the participants in the educational process. Thus, the conducted research proves the need to enhance professional training of future specialists in physical education and sport in higher education institutions. However, sports entrepreneurship is regarded as a special type of business, whose successful implementation requires the acquisition of relevant knowledge and skills. The author believes that an entrepreneurial approach enables the integrity of forming entrepreneurship competence in future specialists in physical education and sport. ["Scientific Herald of the Institute of Vocational Education and Training of NAES of Ukraine: Professional Pedagogy" is published by the Institute of Vocational Education and Training of NAES of Ukraine.]

For many decades, the healthcare sector has been playing catchup with other industries in terms of innovation, primarily due to the low number of healthcare professionals with innovation and entrepreneurship skills in the workplace. The lack of innovation skills, particularly among pharmacists, may result from the fact that innovation and entrepreneurship training is not an integral part of most pharmacy core curricula. In fact, a limited number of pharmacy schools offer innovation and entrepreneurship courses either as part of a joint MBA/PharmD degree or as a certificate. These programs differ greatly from each other in their curricular content, although their overall goals are to teach future pharmacists the skills required to manage service delivery, oversee budgets, improve efficiency, control costs and continuously achieve quality improvement. The aim of this article is twofold: first, to assess commonalities and differences in curricular content between entrepreneurship and innovation training programs in the USA and, second, to present a set of must-haves for innovation and entrepreneurship curricular content for core curricula in pharmacy.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a low-cost, effective way to teach emotional intelligence (EI) skills for email communications by utilizing Dale Carnegie's 30 Human Relations Principles. Our teaching approach is based on an actual multiple-party negotiation that included an executive from a Fortune 500 Company. Utilizing negotiation enhances students' critical thinking about real-world, business decision-making scenarios. Active learning is incorporated into the project through student collaboration and reflection. Finally, the project can be administered completely online through the school's learning management system, which reduces demand on valuable class time. We provide extensive resources to assist instructors in teaching EI and administering the project.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore an employability enhancement initiative, the Additional Skills Acquisition Programme (ASAP) project in the state of Kerala, India, as a case for the inclusive development of employability in college and university students. Design/methodology/approach: ASAP is applied as a case study to examine the employability enhancement initiative in India. Findings: Participation in the ASAP project led to increased measures of employability. These increases were most pronounced in women and individuals living below the poverty line. Partnerships between educational institutions and organisations focusing on students' technical and skill development can help overcome local and national talent shortages. Originality/value: The theoretical implications come from addressing the lack of representation of skills based employability initiatives among students from India in the vocational behaviour literature. Practical implications come from knowledge sharing of innovative strategies to enhance the employability outcomes of individuals entering the labour market. New ways to overcome the reported mismatch in business education between curriculum content and the development of employability skills in graduates are presented. Benefits for diversity and inclusion are also provided.

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) has been described as the cognitive element that can stimulate entrepreneurial readiness. There is a paucity of research on whether graduates of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Nigeria are entrepreneurially ready for future work, particularly in the field of entrepreneurship. Previous studies have noted that individuals will not take entrepreneurial action until certain personality traits are triggered. This study investigated the entrepreneurial readiness of exit level students using ESE task phases at three selected TVET institutions in Nigeria. It will assist policymakers in identifying the specific cognitive traits that can stimulate entrepreneurial behavior in students. A sample of 301 exit level students was selected from a target population of 1,212 using a convenience sampling technique. Only 289 students participated in the study. The quantitative data was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation to test the relationships among variables, and regression analysis was conducted to determine the level of influence between ESE and entrepreneurial readiness. The study found that, while other components of ESE positively impact students' entrepreneurial readiness, ESE marshaling does not have a significant impact. While all the other pairs of ESE show significant relationships with the male students' entrepreneurial readiness, only ESE implementing has a significant relationship with the female students' entrepreneurial readiness. We thus conclude that the entrepreneurship education curriculum at the selected TVET institutions is not adequately addressing training in ESE marshaling skills. The implication for practice is that entrepreneurship training should focus on building economic resources skills for business start-ups.

In 2019, the Business Roundtable changed its long-standing commitment to shareholder wealth maximization in favor of stakeholder capitalism. Business schools tend to teach the shareholder view in finance courses and the stakeholder view in business ethics courses. Given the increasing popularity of stakeholder capitalism, is it time for business educators--whether teaching finance or business ethics--to abandon the shareholder approach in favor of stakeholder capitalism? The author examines the shareholder wealth maximization and stakeholder capitalism approaches and trends in socially responsible investing. The article concludes with a proposed harmonization of the shareholder and stakeholder views.

Purpose: This study examines the perspectives of undergraduate science and technology students in Thailand regarding the influence of various role models on their entrepreneurial skills. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed the single case study research method. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. The sample consisted of 142 key informants, whose responses were analysed using a direct content analysis method. Findings: From the students' perspectives, entrepreneurial role models indirectly influenced their entrepreneurial skills. Practical implications: The findings have clear implications for educators and policymakers. Educational institutions should design and implement educational strategies that help connect informal learning gained from the family with formal training at higher education institutions. On-the-job or apprenticeship training should also be included as a component of course content. Originality/value: Our findings regarding the influence of role models differ from those of previous studies in relation to two of the four role models considered here. First, according to the students, their family environment has no direct impact on their entrepreneurial skills. In addition, science- and technology-based educational environments should adopt an entrepreneurial orientation to help students understand various market and business pressures, which will enable them to make a positive contribution to the workplace.

This study draws on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) proposed by Ajzen to explore the existing relationships between entrepreneurial intentions and the proposed determinants, as well as the mediation of advantages, limitations and individual values in entrepreneurship. For empirical work, a questionnaire was designed and validated using Likert scales, applied to university students in Colombia. The basic constructs were measured using 56 variables. The findings show a positive relationship between the main constructs of the TPB as well as variables that indirectly mediate entrepreneurial intentions.

Entrepreneurs need to develop a range of skills to be successful, including skills in decision making, risk management, problem solving, communication, and teamwork. Games and simulations are increasingly being used in both academia and business to encourage such skills development. This paper describes a business simulation module whereby postgraduate students use a game to simulate managing and operating a business. The game replicates real-world scenarios, thereby providing an innovative and contextualized learning environment. This paper presents extracts from students' reflective essays, which describe various learning outcomes. The paper concludes with some guidelines for teachers considering integrating game-based learning into their curricula to facilitate skills development, as well as recommendations for future research.

When a portfolio is not actively managed to maintain a fixed investment percentage in each asset but rather maintains a fixed number of shares for each asset, the portfolio weights will change over time because the market returns of the different assets will not be the same. Consequently, portfolio betas computed as a linear combination of asset betas, which is the usual practice, will be different from betas computed using regression techniques on portfolio returns as is done when evaluating individual assets and mutual funds. The alternative approaches can result in quite different beta statistics and, consequently, inconsistent decisions depending on which method is used.

This theoretical article is devoted to the creation of Blended Learning Model [BLM] which aims at providing a learning environment for enriching entrepreneurial skills among women. Product Development process has been employed for developing BLM. Self-instructional strategies are also applied to design the learning situation in the BLM. Face to face and online mode of learning are effectively blended in the BLM which includes 70% learning through online and only 30% happens in face to face mode. There is a scientific course alignment that has been established in different aspects of the BLM such as the aims & objectives, commitments of learner, content and context, learning outcomes and human interactions, interactions with content, scenarios based learning for creating contextual learning environment, etc. Self-governed learning activities have been developed for the purpose of effective learning. Maximum teaching-learning activities were carried out through a computer-mediated online platform and some of them were provided through the face to face mode of learning. The development process of BLM has been described in detailed in present paper.

In a recent scenario, the Master of Business Administration (MBA) job placement rates have decreased since the pandemic started. MBA job placement rates are down since the pandemic started. What's most alarming: the decline in MBA jobs (34%) has been steeper than the decline in overall jobs (27%), for the period between May 2019 and May 2020. The mere delivery of theoretical concepts, lack of practical knowledge and lag in imbibing soft skills have been identified as hurdles in the progress of MBA education. Some of the predominant industry-needed skills need to be improved among MBA students. To address this issue, the author suggests integrating flipped classrooms with the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT) as a new paradigm for delivering MBA education. The flipped classroom is a pedagogical approach in which direct instructions move from group learning to individual learning. This study primarily aims to understand the faculty perception of the pre-, in- and post-class activities facilitated using an integrated model of a flipped classroom and RBT (FC+RBT) among MBA students. The study's target population is the faculty members working in MBA institutions across Tamil Nadu, India. The findings of this study will be helpful for MBA institutions to enhance the quality of MBA education and empower management graduates to imbibe employability skills.

It is recognized that the value of entrepreneurship education and the recruitment of practising entrepreneurs for such learning programmes can be problematic. This raises an important and challenging issue for universities when they are increasingly being asked to develop the leadership and management capabilities of entrepreneurs. In this account of practice, the authors explore the role for business simulation in the development of existing entrepreneurs' and small business leaders' strategic decision-making skills. The article describes and reflects on a pilot business simulation course, considering the challenges in the planning, the engagement of entrepreneurs and the delivery of the programme. It provides insights into the value of introducing this form of learning experience and exposes the significant challenges associated with engaging small business leaders.

Today's firms are inundated with a huge volume of data and face requirements to use this data to gain and maintain competitive advantage. In this teaching brief, we address the confirmed analytic skills gap by providing context-relevant learning experiences to business students. Specifically, a marketing analytics project development model is proposed, with details on its design and implementation in a senior-level course at a major Midwestern university. The course content and project were administered through a learning management system using HubSpot's CRM software tools. For the project, students were provided with data visualizations for a hypothetical firm; then they performed additional analysis using HubSpot CRM dashboards. Final student projects, as well as course evaluations, suggest that students gained enhanced marketing analytics skills that will be valuable in the future job market.

To create a learning experience which replicates the process by which consultants, systems developers and business end users collaborate to design and implement a business application, a cross-functional student team project was developed and is described. The overall learning experience was distinguished by specific components and characteristics of the project, including: 1) a problem-based learning approach which presented students with an accounting auditing problem requiring the design and development of computer-based application from scratch; 2) the formation of cross-functional teams comprised of students across multiple sections of two different courses (the capstone courses for both Accounting and Information Systems); and 3) the contributions of individual students based on their respective backgrounds and roles in the project. The roles included domain/content experts (accounting students) as well as consultants, business analysts and developers (information systems students). The intentional use of cross-functional teams and assigned roles distinguishes this approach from other problem-based approaches. Further, the teams had additional extrinsic motivation as the business applications they developed could be submitted to a contest hosted by a professional organization. Pre- and post-assessment data indicate that students learned, through iteration and trial-and-error, new interpersonal, analytical and technical skills through client-consultant interactions, problem definition and formulation, requirements analysis, business process and data modeling and application development.

The government has strategised initiatives to organize an education system that improve the training and skills quality wise, as well as enhancing the lifelong learning programs. In the field of education and training, interests and apprehensions on the entrepreneurship subject is the highlight of today's higher learning institutions. This study aims to measure the implementation of Basic Entrepreneurship Module (BEM), by using the Stufflebeam's CIPP Evaluation Model. The achievement level of entrepreneurial behaviors in terms of cognitive, non-cognitive, commercial skills and the early initiative is assessed as product evaluation. The strated sampling is used for a large scattered population in Malaysia. Data obtained from 105 students in the Business Accounting Certificate program from six community colleges. This study used questionnaires as research instrument. The questionnaires were then analyzed by using descriptive statistics method. Overall, the findings indicated that respondents agreed that the implementation of BEM has given impact to the product evaluation that consists the aspects of cognitive, non-cognitive, commercial skills and early initiative at the high levels.

The study explored the views of teacher-trainees on Clothing and Textiles (C&T) education in two teacher education universities in Ghana. The objectives were to find out whether pre-tertiary Sewing/C&T lessons provided them with small-scale business skills, and foundation for higher education, they could teach Sewing/C&T competently on internship, identify their sources of motivation, and elicit their suggestions to improve on the subject. Data collected revealed that one-tenth and two-thirds acquired small-scale business skills from their lessons at basic and secondary levels respectively. About 71% indicated they taught the subject competently on internship and career intention was their main motivating factor for the subject. For improvement, there is need to provide adequate modern facilities and competent teachers with current ideas in content and pedagogy, and good teacher relationship with students and industry. Other suggestions were, students should remain focused and attract others to the subject through their dressing. Feed-back from the teacher trainees indicates that Sewing/C&T education in Ghana provides occupational skills and foundation for further studies.

The purpose of this article is to provide examples of business concepts appearing in science fiction, offering accounting and business educators a means to engage students and allow students to make connections with business concepts outside of the strict business realm, resulting in increased long-term learning. To accomplish this, the "Star Trek" series "Deep Space Nine" (Berman, et al., 1993-1999) was examined, and instances of business concepts located in the series were documented and presented in table format. This paper adds value by providing educators with a database of examples to help students learn business concepts. This article identifies specific accounting, business, and economic concepts illustrated by the Ferengi Traders in "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine," as well as explores the educational theory behind why students are more likely to engage in learning by relating the new to the familiar.

Games have long been a staple of active learning environments. They are a fantastic way to reduce anxiety, promote competition, and energize classrooms. Board games, in particular, can be very useful in building real-world skills in a fun and non-threatening environment. Therefore, the author uses them extensively for Business English classes and lessons. This article explains how to play a game called "Business Decisions" to help students develop their language and business acumen.

The present article reports an empirical quantitative study involving 107 undergraduate students from Entrepreneurship and Innovation courses in a public university. Students were randomly assigned to 3 conditions: structured Research-based learning (RBL), semi structured RBL and control. We hypothesized that studying in a structured RBL condition would result in a higher intention to do research (INT) and higher course achievement (CA) along with positive changes in autonomous motivation (AM), perceived behavioral control (PBC), behavioral beliefs (BB) and subjective norm (SN); as compared to studying in a semi-structured RBL and control condition. The intervention lasted 7 weeks as part of a regular course and was based on Brew's RBL framework. A significant differential impact was observed in overall course achievement and in specific research skills clusters. No significant differences were observed in INT, AM, PBC, BB and SN. The results lead to clear implications and directions for future research.

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) presents many opportunities and challenges in a digitised world of work. This paper draws on a systematic literature review of recent research published by accounting professional bodies outlining the impact of digital technologies on the accounting profession. By taking advantage of this work this study critically assesses the types of skills and personal qualities that graduates as future accountants will need and explores the implications for accounting education and university curricula. The analysis reveals that necessary skills for future accountants may be summarised into four categories: (a) Ethical skills; (b) Digital skills; (c) Business skills; and (d) Soft skills. The analysis reveals 'adaptability' and 'lifelong approach to CPD' as the two essential personal qualities for future accountants. The practical implications for university accounting education are summarised in a proposed conceptual framework. The proposed conceptual framework: (1) acts as a roadmap for universities to align their accounting curricula with the developments in professional body syllabi; (2) helps university accounting education teachers to update, enrich, and refocus their teaching and learning approach to the requirements of the 4IR; and (3) promotes the coordination and rationalisation of the skills and personal qualities currently pursued by employability agendas at university, course, and module levels.

Purpose: This study investigates perceptions regarding generic skills future entry-level accountants and auditors will require. Such soft or pervasive skills are necessary to operate effectively in the future world of work. Prior research mainly explores generic skills from an attribute-based perspective, while this paper combines it with an activity-based perspective in generic skill profiles of accountants and auditors. Design/methodology/approach: Following a mixed methods research approach through focus group discussions and a survey involving more than 3,000 professional accountants and/or auditors, the study uses data from the Southern African region (South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia) to determine views on the competency needs of future accountants and auditors. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine whether categories of generic skills for future entry-level accountants and auditors differ. Findings: Four generic skills factors emerged as essential for future entry-level chartered accountants (CAs): digital, decision-making, organisational and business acumens. Three generic skill factors emerged for future registered auditors (RAs): digital, practice and commercial acumens. The results show that generic skill profiles of CAs and RAs, who are members of an accounting body differ and that both the context, related to an activity-based perspective, and individual or internal abilities, related to an attribute-based perspective, matter. Research limitations/implications: The study extends generic skill theory by identifying broad categories of generic skills (referred to as acumens) for future accountants and auditors. Practical implications: Insights from this paper facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the generic skill profile approach, combining attribute-based and activity-based perspectives, and this could assist accounting educators, practitioners and professional bodies to better prepare entry-level accounting and audit professionals for the workplace. Originality/value: The study identifies broad categories (digital, decision-making, organisational, business, practice and commercial acumens) within generic skill profiles of CAs and RAs and shows that generic skills do not operate independently and should be viewed as an interdependent set or constellation of competencies.

This study investigated the relationship between technical scores and socio scores with one commonly used strategy simulation, Glo-Bus©, filling a gap in the literature. Regression revealed finance as a technical score was the strongest predictor of socio scores. The recommendation is for professors to improve student finance skills before simulation use. The sample was limited to one university and one simulation software brand. Further research should explore this finding to improve student benefits from simulations This study informs the practice of professors and software designers to improve the impact of strategy simulations.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to propose and test a structural model of relationships between generic and specific competencies and entrepreneurial competencies in order to assess students' learning. Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out on a sample of 337 students enrolled on the entrepreneurship specialisation of the final bachelor's degree project course on the Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration and Management at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. A questionnaire was designed to gather information on students' perception of their level of acquisition of the different groups of competencies. The partial least squares (PLS) multivariate technique was used to analyse the model. Findings: The results confirm that there are significant relationships between the different groups of competencies. Specifically, it shows that generic competencies influence specific competencies and that there is a strong relationship between systemic and professional competencies and entrepreneurial competencies. It also shows that the experience variable contributes positively to different competency groups, while the gender and age variables have no effect on the development of entrepreneurial competencies. Practical implications: The study provides relevant information to the academic world on different factors that affect competency development. Originality/value: The analysis provides an innovative research and contributes knowledge on entrepreneurial competency acquisition, providing an answer to whether generic and specific competencies influence entrepreneurial competencies.

While financial planning students are expected to be able to understand client retirement plans, subtle differences in cost-of-living adjustments can have major impact on the success of client retirement plans. This teaching note compares the cost-of-living adjustments in the largest government sponsored retirement systems and a hypothetical traditional privately sponsored plan. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we estimate the impact on retirement experience from the different COLAs. These differences are large, with differing protection from future inflation and differing risk for running out of money during retirement. This teaching note will help instructors address Certified Financial Planner (CFP) Board Learning Outcome G.52 "Retirement Needs Analysis". The material may also be used in economics, human resources, public administration, and other classes addressing policy aspects of retirement plans.

A comprehensive project for the Advanced Selling course that has been tested at three universities is introduced. After selecting an industry and a company, students engage in a complete industry analysis, a company sales analysis, a sales-specific SWOT analysis, complete a ride day with a salesperson in that firm, then present their findings in a classroom oral presentation. Implications wish and suggestions for researchers and sales managers are provided as well as guidance for instructors who to use the project in their course.

This paper examines the entrepreneurial inclinations of young people who achieved excellence in vocational occupations. We propose a three-capital approach to the study of entrepreneurship. Relying on the existing theories and original qualitative and quantitative data analyses, findings from interviews with 30 entrepreneurial and 10 non-entrepreneurial WorldSkills competitors show that psychological capital, social capital and human capital can be combined to explore how young people who excel in vocational occupations develop entrepreneurial mindsets. We show that training for and participation in the largest vocational skills event globally--WorldSkills competition--develops selected aspects of three capitals. However, we also discover that the entrepreneurial motivation precedes competitors' involvement with WorldSkills.

In order to develop a more scientific education system of Business English courses, this paper studies the case of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (GDUFS, one of Chinese top-three foreign language universities) by questionnaires. The result shows that: 1) Most of the students hope that the school could add more business courses in the curriculum setting, as it can help them to find better jobs or it will be more consistent with their interests and expectations when they decide to choose this major. 2) Students hope that they have more opportunities to practice their English listening, speaking and business practice skills. 3) There are many difficulties when students are learning business English, so the school should add some related courses to help students to deal with these problems. Based on the empirical analysis and the findings of this research, some suggestions are proposed for the improvement of the education system.

This paper first reviews the developmental history and status quo of Business English Program in China. Then based on the theory of needs analysis, it researches on 226 questionnaires from Business English Program students from Guangdong University of Foreign Studies to investigate the problems encountered and current situation of Business English Program in China. From the statistical analysis of the questionnaires, it finds: (1) employment and interest are the main reasons that students choose Business English as their major, but the current Business English teaching materials haven't fully considered student's demands for vocational requirements; (2) it should take into account both the learners' and societies' needs in Business English curriculum arrangement to increase the number of business-related courses appropriately; (3) students generally agreed that they lacks business knowledge and skills, so Business English courses should focus on cultivating the practical business skills; (4) Business English teaching materials should always be practicality oriented and targeted and communicative; (5) in order to improve teaching effectiveness, Business English teachers should consciously adopt different teaching methods targeted for different teaching content during the teaching process; (6) teachers' morality, knowledge, teaching style and mutual relationship with students can be further enhanced to meet the needs of students.

This research examined what accounting employers are seeking in their "ideal" accounting graduate and sought to provide clarification on the "expectation gap" between what accounting employers require in their graduates, and the skills these graduates are exhibiting. Adopting a qualitative research method, this research paper draws on semi-structured interviews conducted face-to-face with participants from key accounting employers. This research found that, in terms of technical skills, employers require at least a sound understanding of the fundamental technical accounting skills. However, beyond this, little more is expected technically of graduates as the requisite technical skills are learned "on the job." Findings also suggest that the touted "expectation gap" is not as pervasive as prior literature has suggested. Over half of employers also believed universities are preparing students adequately for the workplace, although this seemed to be moderated by an opinion among employers that this is "as well as an academic institution can do." Based on the findings, some key recommendations were made. These include a greater inclusion of non-technical skills in accounting education through the incorporation of practical case study problems into accounting curricula, involving group discussion and the production of written reports and business presentations for their "client" as well as the continued encouragement of internship opportunities within university degrees.

Business ethics' curricula frequently presents and discusses ethical paradigms through the lens of personal values and morality. Ethics professors often have challenges with evaluating students' ability to successfully address many business dilemmas because the way business ethics are taught may only prepare students to choose between the binary solution of "right" or "wrong." While business students typically receive instruction regarding a variety of ethical paradigms, they are typically presented and discussed within and through the context of personal value systems. Students are often taught, directly or impliedly, that the "Virtue Ethics" paradigm is the "right" way to resolve ethical dilemmas in organizational setting. The popular approach to teaching business ethics may only provide a basic context for teaching and learning business ethics. This paper explores the teaching of business ethics as a critical thinking toolkit, rooted in the theory of adaptive leadership, for corporate decision-making processes, separate and apart from moral value systems.

Entrepreneur development takes place within a framework of forces that constitute the system environment, which are either external or internal. A critical issue in the entrepreneurial development and growth is firms' ability to adapt to their strategies to a rapidly changing system environment to which the entrepreneurs' role is critical to the success or failure of such firm. For the entrepreneur to be successful, he must be able to identify and find a useful niche within the large environment where it takes risk, makes strategic business plan and takes/implements decisions. The various institutions and forces which determine the success or failure of the entrepreneur is the habitat also referred to as eco-system or critical factors affecting the entrepreneur who is equally dependent on the stability of the environment within which he operates. Environmental stability exists in various degrees. Strategic management of the environment is required for entrepreneurial development to survive in its varying degrees. Generally, the internal forces that the business eco-system entrepreneur must face and take strategic action to adapt in Nigeria are controllable, while the external forces are generally uncontrollable. This paper limits itself to the socio-cultural factor which impacts seriously on entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. These are general environmental forces that do not directly touch on the short-run activities of the organization but that can, and often do influence its long-run decision. These external factors are: (i) demographic forces, (ii) economic conditions (iii) social and cultural forces, (iv) political and legal forces, and (v) technological innovations. The entrepreneur should understand that both the social (external) and task environment must be monitored to detect the strategic factors that are likely to have strong impacts on corporate success or failure. Based on our findings, we recommend that to increase the legitimacy of entrepreneurship, there should be a change in traditional values which have been assumed to be opposed to entrepreneurial development. The issue of security of lives and property should no longer be left in the hands of the government alone, our traditional rulers and town union governments should bring out measures that will collaborate with the efforts of the government in tackling the issue of insecurity. This is because a secured environment increases investment.

Data from this current study emerged from a larger study on contemporary leadership practices at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). One of the themes that emerged focused on unsuccessful leadership practices among HBCU presidents. Although this article contextualizes this theme, it is important to underscore that it is not the intent of the authors to approach this topic from a deficit based-perspective but rather an asset-based one. Specifically, through the findings, discussion, and implications, we hope that this article will promote and facilitate successful practices of leadership among HBCU presidents, which will help to contribute to the survival and sustainability of these noble institutions.

Design Thinking has been applied successfully in many fields; however, in Information Systems research most early studies focus on applying the specific toolsets to developing product and system designs to solve strategic, managerial, and operational problems. There is little research on how Design Thinking can be embedded in the learning processes in design-oriented IS research and enabled in the context of business intelligence (BI) and business analytics (BA). How can Design Thinking be embedded in the learning processes and enabled in the context of BI/BA projects in the classroom environment, especially in the proof of concept stage? A practical view on integrating the mindset and toolset of the Design Thinking approach and in the learning process as a case based in-class experience is presented along with a guideline for coaching the Design Thinking team and the lessons learned from each stage of Design Thinking. The results of this study show that Design Thinking practices can be enlisted to help students frame their creations and that these practices have a valuable contribution as alternatives when designing curricula for teaching and learning.

Purpose: Experiential learning projects require students to go further than the typical theoretical and conceptual MBA coursework requiring them to draw on their previously acquired skills to solve actual business problems from a real-world client. The purpose of this paper is to offer a detailed overview of an experiential learning global consulting project and its potential benefits, along with practical classroom recommendations. Design/methodology/approach: This paper describes a global consulting project embedded in an MBA international consulting course involving a German manufacturing company operating a single production facility in the USA. Findings: Findings suggest that in post-class assessments students were quite supportive, touting is as one of the most beneficial to their MBA education and their job placement upon graduation. Research limitations/implications: This experiential project has largely been assessed through qualitative feedback from both the students and the client. Future research efforts should assess the project in a more robust fashion. Going forward, the use of survey assessments on the project as a whole would provide more objective feedback. Obtaining feedback from graduates 1 to 5 years post-graduation would provide a valuable perspective on the project's overall effectiveness. Practical implications: The global consulting project described in this manuscript provided students with a vehicle to mimic a consulting engagement with an actual client in a real-world context. Social implications: The global consulting project described in this manuscript provided students with an opportunity to develop further their global and cultural competence. In addition, it provides an opportunity for students to fully develop the critical thinking skills, business acumen and the soft skills required of them to be successful in their future careers. Originality/value: The combination of an international context and high degree of client engagement on this project make it a unique learning opportunity. This project is different as it provides a comprehensive, step-by-step, integrated approach that begins with an extensive interview process to secure a spot on the team with limited openings, then client discussions to identify the problem and determine the scope of engagement, which includes a client contract that outlines the objective and the deliverable of the engagement, followed by personal skill assessment to draw upon meta-competences necessary for the project's success. Immersing the students in the client engagement, wherever it may take them both intellectually as well as physically (i.e. domestic and international locations) creates a template from which they can draw upon periodically as they progress in their professional.

Information skills are essential in business contexts where information is plentiful and selecting, synthesizing and leveraging that information in decision making provides the competitive advantage. Information literacy is considered to be one of the most important graduate attributes, but do academic information skills translate into the business context? What information skill sets should educators focus on providing students to best equip them for the workplace? Interviews were conducted with employers and recent graduates working in Western Sydney. These conversations identified specific information tools, techniques and processes, which can inform practical curriculum innovations to assist business graduates to be work ready.

In recent years, analytics has gained considerable momentum in both industry as well as academia. This study aims to develop an analytics curriculum for undergraduate and graduate programs by identifying skill-based gaps between industry and academia and then clustering them based on methodological and semantic similarities among other criteria. Specifically, we compare industry requirements and related skills for analytics jobs to three types of analytics domains, that is, descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. We also address several sought-after intangible student characteristics, such as communication skills, intellectual curiosity, and business acumen. We then cluster these skills by similarity based upon methodology, skill type, and semantics to develop courses based on these clusters. Our study thus provides a comprehensive analysis linking specific industry needs to specific coursework that allows any university to create a well-rounded analytics program at both the undergraduate and graduate level. Finally, realizing the significant difference between undergraduate and graduate students in terms of expectations and maturity, we use personality-job fit theory to recommend strategies to better promote the field to undergraduate students. Regarding the latter, we recommend best practices that graduate analytics program can employ to be easy to market and sell to prospective students.

Entrepreneurship education has become increasingly popular across the globe, with many governments advocating for its integration into school curricula. In fact, the European Commission included a "Sense of initiative and entrepreneurship" to its list of eight key competences necessary for lifelong learning. Behind this recommendation is the awareness that the world of the 21st century is one of accelerated change. Such a context demands higher levels of resilience and adaptability in every stage of one's life, and teaching entrepreneurship as part of childhood education can ensure that these competences are learned from an early age. Teaching entrepreneurship, then, is more about building up an entrepreneurial mindset from an early age than about creating new businesses. This is, in a nutshell, what Teach A Man To Fish aims to achieve through its flagship program, the School Enterprise Challenge. The organization's mission is to empower young people with the skills they need to succeed in school, work, and life through a 14-step program that guides teachers and students in setting up a real business in their school. The goal for Teach a Man To Fish is to provide student entrepreneurs the skills and experience they need to continue in education and secure a decent job or set up their own businesses when they leave school. In the long term, these young people become reliable workers and job creators, thus doing their part in reducing unemployment and poverty worldwide.

Problem-solving competence is an important requirement in back offices across different industries. Thus, the assessment of problem-solving competence has become an important issue in learning and instruction in vocational and professional contexts. We developed a computer-based low-stakes assessment of problem-solving competence in the domain of controlling. The assessment required participants to process three complex and authentic business-related scenarios within an office simulation. The low number of items and the open-ended response threaten the reliability of the scoring. We collected data from 780 German students in Vocational Education and Training (VET) and applied the following procedure to score the participants' solutions to the three scenarios: A fine-grained scoring resulted in a comprehensive set of response patterns for each scenario. Experts assigned partial credit scores for each of these response patterns and received feedback based on point-biserial correlations of WLE scores for the partial credit items with the total score of the respective subdimension. Finally, a multi-dimensional model was calibrated based on these partial credits and this model was further developed. This procedure leads to satisfying EAP/PV reliabilities between 0.78 and 0.84 for the subdimensions and 0.89 for the overarching construct.

Purpose: This study aims to understand how entrepreneurship education and training programmes (EETPs) influence the development of entrepreneurial competencies and creation of business ventures. Design/methodology/approach: The study included a questionnaire distributed to 103 EETP participants. The data were processed using SmartPLS software to construct a structural equation model. Findings: The results show, first, that the respondents' motivations have a positive impact on participation in entrepreneurship education programmes and company creation. Second, participation in these programmes positively influences individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial skills. The findings also include that the entrepreneurship education programme under study has strengthened its participants' capacities and competencies, making these people more autonomous and facilitating their creation of new businesses. Originality/value: This study sought to contribute to a fuller empirical understanding of how EETPs affect their participants' individual entrepreneurship orientation and capacities (human resource development), thereby fostering company formation and regional development. Theoretical and practical implications are presented, with an emphasis on what needs to be done to improve EETPs.

Business schools could be more effective in teaching students how to create new business models. Skills for "de novo" business model generation and exploration are now commonly taught in undergraduate business programs. Innovation, however, is often presented as a theoretical topic leaving the fuzzy front-end of this process to the imagination of the students. The emergent management discipline of business design and the practice of design thinking that lies at its core provide additional tools and methodologies that may enrich the curriculum; however, students may not have the opportunity to apply these tools and learn innovation by doing. This study documents an approach that holds promise for addressing this issue.

This qualitative case study investigated the extent to which the Basic Education arts curriculum in Botswana, specifically visual arts and music, prepared learners for entrepreneurship. It involved ten teachers and twenty students who were purposively selected and interviewed. Education policies were also examined to diagnose their status in promoting entrepreneurship skills. The findings revealed no evidence of learners' exposure to entrepreneurship skills in both primary and junior secondary school music education while in visual arts it was only taught to junior secondary level three students. Students felt inadequately prepared to become professional artists during lessons. Thus, the study recommends inclusion of entrepreneurship education in all basic education arts disciplines and in teacher-training arts curriculum to prepare teachers to integrate it when teaching the arts.