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We explore the making, unmaking and remaking of social infrastructure (SI) in 'left-behind places' (LBPs) through a case study a former mining village in northern England. We address the understudied affective dimensions of 'left-behindness'. Seeking to move beyond a narrowly economistic of reading LBPs, our framework: strongly emphasises the importance of place attachments and the consequences of their disruption; considers LBPs as 'moral communities', seeing the making of SI as an expression of this; views the unmaking of SI through the lens of 'root shock'; and explains efforts at remaking SI in terms of the articulation of 'radical hope'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This article aims to introduce a new perspective in attachment theory called ruhiyah attachment. Ruhiyah attachment emphasizes the role of caregivers as mediators to connect children spiritually with Allah SWT, proposing this spiritual connection as a potential solution to the mental health crisis among teenagers. Design/methods/approach - This paper employs a literature research methodology. The research involves (1) selecting the topic, (2) searching academic databases for relevant articles and journals, (3) collecting data from primary sources (articles and books on attachment theory) and secondary sources (application and implementation studies), (4) analyzing literature to identify patterns, themes, or differences across ten sources, (5) presenting findings, and (6) conducting a critical assessment of ruhiyah attachment as a new perspective in attachment studies. Findings - The research presents ruhiyah attachment as a new perspective in child attachment studies. It emphasizes that spiritual attachment, facilitated by caregivers as mediators, is crucial for children's development. Ruhiyah attachment extends beyond the mother-child bond to include a spiritual connection with the Creator, potentially addressing mental health crises by fostering a strong spiritual foundation in children. Research implications/limitations - This research broadens the discourse on child attachment studies. The literature review methodology allows a comprehensive examination of various perspectives in attachment research. Ruhiyah attachment offers a new viewpoint that may stimulate future studies. Limitations include the reliance on secondary sources and the need for empirical validation of the proposed perspective. Practical implications - Ruhiyah attachment can enhance early childhood education and care by integrating spirituality into attachment theory. This perspective allows children to develop a direct spiritual connection with Allah SWT through their bond with caregivers, promoting long-term mental and spiritual well-being. It suggests that spiritual strength can help prevent mental health crises and encourage moral development. Originality/value - This research introduces a spiritual dimension to child attachment studies, addressing the mental health crisis by proposing ruhiyah attachment as a novel perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I create a framework that explains how homelessness reduces a child's attachment security. Attachment theory states how over time and repeated interactions, children and caregivers develop patterns of behavior that foster the development of children's schemas about what to generally expect from relationships with others. In order for children to develop secure attachments, a caregiver must be consistent and sensitive when responding to their child. Homeless caregivers have to juggle many stressors at once and therefore have fewer mental or physical resources (the effects of caregiver stress) to devote to consistent, sensitive, and responsive caregiving. This theoretically grounded framework proposes that stressors affect homeless caregivers, which in turn affects their effective parenting effort, which ultimately impacts the child's attachment. I describe in detail each of the proposed associations in the framework and summarize existing literature that supports these theoretical processes. Limitations and future directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes connection abstract theory as a detailed abstract formulation of the volitional elements of John Bowlby's theory of child attachment and its expansion to include adult relationships. Connection abstract theory is a formal statement of causal connections within and between attachment and caregiving systems. It is so‐called to give an unambiguous name to the attachment–caregiving relationship. The analysis addresses some limitations traceable to the cultural background within which Bowlbian theory was developed. This paper rethinks these limitations by conceptualizing the emotional motivations for attachment and caregiving. In so doing, it goes beyond individual differences to focus on microfoundations of normative attachment and caregiving processes and expands the potential activators of attachment. Connection abstract theory asserts that caring is the emotion that motivates the caregiving system and that trust is the emotion that motivates the attachment system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While waiting has been a prevalent and mentally taxing experience for consumers in marketing scenarios, little research has explored situational factors that enhance consumer patience. Drawing on the priming theory, attachment theory, and conservation of resources theory, the current research examines how cuteness as a situational factor affects consumer patience. Across five experiments (N = 1030), we demonstrate that exposure to cuteness enhances consumer patience (Study 1). Moreover, we uncover that the effect is driven by perceived social support employing both mediation (Study 2) and moderation approaches (Study 3). Furthermore, we identify time pressure as the moderator, such that the effect of cuteness on consumer patience only exists among individuals under low time pressure and disappears for those under high time pressure (Study 4). Finally, we examine the downstream consequence of consumer patience for word-of-mouth positivity (Study 5). These findings contribute to the literature on cuteness, patience, and perceived social support, while also offering practical implications for companies seeking to enhance consumer patience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have documented that parent‒child attachment is linked to the mental health of college students. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. Based on attachment theory, this study examined whether security mediates the relationship between parent‒child attachment and mental health among college students and whether problematic smartphone use moderates the second half of the mediation process. In total, 77,211 Chinese students (mean age = 20.09 years, SD = 1.37) were recruited from multiple universities. These students provided self-reported data on demographic variables, parent‒child attachment, security, problematic smartphone use, depression, anxiety and resilience. After controlling for sex, age, paternal education level, maternal education level and family economic status, mediation analysis indicated that security mediates the association between parent‒child attachment and mental health among college students. Moderated mediation analysis further demonstrated that the association between security and mental health is moderated by problematic smartphone use. Specifically, the relationship between security and mental health among college students was stronger for those with highly problematic smartphone use. The current study highlights the significance of identifying the mechanisms that moderate the mediated paths between parent‒child attachment and mental health and has important implications for the prevention and intervention of mental health problems among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-known risk factors for poor physical and mental health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between ACEs and self-report measures of emotional regulation and interpersonal functioning among a sample of individuals provincially incarcerated for sexual offending. In total, 112 males participating in an in-custody sexual offender treatment program completed the study measures. Two-stage hierarchical linear regression was used to examine the association between cumulative ACE scores and each self-report measure. Individual ACE item impacts were also explored using two-stage hierarchical regression. Higher cumulative ACE scores were associated with greater emotional dysregulation and multiple indices of interpersonal dysfunction. Several ACE items were consistently associated with greater emotional and interpersonal difficulties. The findings have clinical implications for sexual offender assessment, treatment, and prevention. Specifically, the findings support a growing movement towards trauma-informed practice, incorporating attachment theory and intimacy-based interventions, and promoting empirically supported interventions for cultivating emotional self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines the basic tenets of separation theory, including the fantasy bond and the voice process. The fantasy bond is a unifying concept explaining how human beings seek security in fantasies of fusion in an attempt to heal the fracture related to interpersonal trauma compounded by death anxiety. Painful elements in parent–child interactions are incorporated in the form of a negative thought process or "voice," creating a division in the personality between the self and the anti-self. My colleagues and I developed a methodology called "voice therapy" to expose and contend with people's destructive attitudes and attacks on themselves. The article also describes the evolution of a group of more than 100 associates and friends who have lived in close proximity and shared their innermost feelings in an ongoing group experience for more than 40 years. These people contributed significantly to the evolution of separation theory. Together, we developed an implicit set of values based on understanding factors that hurt people in their psychological development. The article specifies the concepts learned from observing the reference population and delineates findings from research in the neurosciences, attachment theory, and terror management theory that validate the key concepts of separation theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attachment theory has played an important role in attempts to understand the "cycle of violence," where maltreated children are at increased risk for perpetrating violence later in life. However, little is known empirically about whether adult attachment insecurity in close relationships may partly explain the link between childhood maltreatment and violent behavior. This study aimed to address this gap using data from a prospective longitudinal study of documented childhood abuse and neglect cases and demographically matched controls (ages 0–11 years), who were followed into adulthood and interviewed (N = 892). Participants completed the Relationship Scales Questionnaire assessing adult attachment styles at mean age 39.54. Criminal arrest data were used to determine arrests for violence after the assessment of attachment through mean age 50.54. There were significant direct paths from childhood maltreatment and adult attachment insecurity to violent arrests after attachment measurement. Attachment insecurity partly explained the higher levels of violence in individuals with maltreatment histories. Analyses of maltreatment subtypes and attachment styles revealed that attachment anxiety appeared to mediate paths between neglect and physical abuse and later violence. There were no significant indirect paths from neglect or physical abuse to violence via attachment avoidance. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CES Psicologia is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attachment theory is a key paradigm for understanding individual differences for the elaboration of the grieving processes, however limited attempts to systematically synthesize are found on the literature. Our aim is to conduct a bibliometric analysis about the relationship between complicated grief and attachment over the past twenty years. A bibliographic search was made in the Core Collection of Web of Science, the bibliometric analysis was performed using the software Hiscite version 2010.12.6, and VosViewer were used for the construction of bibliometric maps. Results show 276 publications from 2003 until 2023 from 789 authors, published in 143 scientific journals. The field presents a regular increase and sustained number of publications. The topics most researched were bereavement, complicated grief and attachment, and since 2018 has been increased interest in prolonged grief disorder. In conclusion, this bibliometric analysis contributes to the understanding of the current state of this topic and its evolution, being relevant to consider attachment style in bereavement interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is argued that attachment is crucial in the manifestation of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). However, the longitudinal studies needed to help understanding the developmental trajectories associating attachment and EMSs are lacking. Hence, in this study we investigated whether middle childhood attachment and its subsequent changes across the transition to adolescence are related in understanding the level of EMSs at the beginning of late adolescence and EMSs changes during adolescence. One hundred and fifty-seven children (Meanage = 10.91 at baseline) participated in a five-wave six year longitudinal study in which attachment was assessed across all waves at both explicit and implicit processing levels and EMSs were assessed during the last two waves. Results indicated that both levels of attachment were related to the EMSs cross-sectionally in adolescence (wave 5), but only explicit attachment at baseline was longitudinally related to adolescent EMSs after six years. Moreover, attachment changes across the study linked to adolescent EMSs. However, no links between attachment and changes in EMSs were found. This study provides longitudinal evidence that both attachment in middle childhood and its changes during subsequent development until late adolescence are important in understanding the later EMSs level in late adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the interplay between attachment style, emotional processing, and neural responses is crucial for comprehending the diverse ways individuals function socially and emotionally. While previous research has contributed to our knowledge of how attachment style influences emotional processing, there is still a gap in the literature when it comes to investigating emotional feedback using event-related potentials (ERPs) within a cognitive framework. This study aims to address this gap by examining the effects of attachment style and feedback valence on ERP components, specifically focusing on the P200 and P400. The findings reveal significant effects of attachment style and feedback valence on both components. In insecure attachment styles, noticeable shifts in relative energy are observed during the transition from negative to positive feedback for both the P200 and P400. Conversely, individuals with secure attachment styles exhibit minimal to moderate variations in relative energy, consistently maintaining a lower P200 energy level. Additionally, both secure and insecure individuals demonstrate heightened intensity in the P400 component in response to positive feedback. These findings underscore the influential role of attachment style in shaping emotional reactivity and regulation, emphasizing the significance of attachment theory in understanding individual differences in social and emotional functioning. This study provides novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of attachment style on emotional processing within the context of cognitive task performance. Future research should consider diverse participant samples, employ objective measures of attachment, and utilize longitudinal designs to further explore the neural processes associated with attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research grounded in religious studies and attachment theory demonstrates links between experiencing and resolving faith crises with a perceived break and restoration of a relationship with God. Experiences of faith crises are unique, however, and little research has explored the diverse ways in which faith can be restored—particularly from a messaging perspective. The present study used Q methodology to capture the varied and nuanced messages that resonated with Christian respondents who had experienced and resolved a faith crisis. The Q-sort consisted of 37 statements that participants sorted on a nine-category continuum. Brief, semistructured qualitative interviews followed the Q-sort. The results identified four distinct factors that conveyed unique messages about an individual's return to religion and/or spirituality after experiencing a crisis of faith: (1) resilient God Seekers, (2) self-compassionates, (3) marathon runners, and (4) scripture seekers. Thus, the present study suggests that religious organizations and practitioners should refrain from using a generalized approach in their communication with members who struggle with faith as the participants gravitated toward separate, distinct, and unique messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships between people and horses are often described in terms reflecting attachment, understanding, and mutual bonding. How this bond is characterized from a human perspective can provide insight into the human–horse relationship and its impact on animal welfare. This mixed methods study sought to understand what people experience with their horse and how they experience it to discover reasons why people believe there is a human–horse bond. An online survey asked respondents about horse ownership, days per week of one-on-one contact, length of time interacting with the horse, and their primary reason (Western riding, companionship, etc) for spending time with the horse. Demographic data on gender, age, ethnicity, household income, and country of residence of the respondent was also collected. An open-ended question asked respondents to describe an instance where they thought a bond between a horse and a human had been demonstrated. Qualitative responses were coded using thematic analysis to examine human–horse interaction from a phenomenological perspective. Aspects that characterized a bond included the horse approaching and making physical contact with their person, vocalizing upon seeing their human, protecting their person from physical harm, and trying hard for their person. How the bond was experienced included a shared experience, often in dire situations, the horse trusting and relaxing in the presence of their person, the horse missing their person or remembering them after a long time apart, and anthropomorphic aspects of two-way communication and affection. Respondent age, income level, and whether they partook in riding were associated with some of the aspects describing the bond with the horse. The four pillars of attachment theory were evidenced in the survey responses, and anthropomorphism featured largely. These results form a foundation for understanding the human view of the human–horse bond which can improve horse welfare through directed research and communication of horse ethology and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees are the executors of corporate tourism environmental governance in the practice of green tourism, and their activities had a direct influence on the ecological environment. Despite encouraging low-carbon tourism and sustainable development, corporations' human resource policies lacked morality and responsibility. This causes bad environmental performance in organizations. Attachment theory provides the theoretical framework for our investigation into the impact of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) on organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBE). Our analysis of 455 data obtained from China revealed that SRHRM had a positive effect on OCBE (eco-initiatives; eco-civic engagement; eco-helping); psychological safety mediated the relationship between SRHRM and OCBE. Additionally, contingent reward leadership (CRL) moderates the impact of SRHRM on employees' OCBE via psychological safety. Our research presents a novel theoretical framework for explaining socially responsible human resource management and employees' environmentally friendly behavior. We anticipate that the findings of our research will provide both theoretical direction and management insight for organizations seeking to apply SRHRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the attachment theory, early experiences with primary caregivers are the foundation of the expectations and beliefs about the self, others, and the world. It becomes particularly relevant in youth living in Residential Care (RC) settings, due to their past adversities. In this context, care workers can provide emotional healing experiences by acting as secure base figures and fostering conditions for youth's revision of their internal working models. The main aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between youth attachment dimensions and satisfaction with the residential caregiving environment, as well as, to analyze the potential mediator effect of the relationship quality with care workers in RC settings in the prior association. The sample was composed of youth, aged 12 to 18 (M = 15.54; SD = 1.66) living in RC settings in Porto district, Portugal (N = 248), that responded to three self-report measures. Results showed that attachment dimensions were associated with youth satisfaction with their caregiving environment, being this association mediated by the relationship quality with care workers. This study highlights the importance of investing in good relational experiences for youth satisfaction with the RC caregiving environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cumulative childhood maltreatment (CCM) is associated with relationship difficulties including lower perceived partner responsiveness (PPR)—the degree of feeling cared for, understood, and validated by a person's partner. Attachment theory is understood via its representations of self and others and could offer a better understanding of how CCM effects continue into adulthood and affect PPR. We examined whether CCM is related to PPR via attachment in French‐speaking adolescents and young adults. A sample of 427 individuals in a romantic relationship and another sample of 159 couples completed self‐report measures. In both samples, a person's CCM was associated with their own lower PPR via their higher attachment anxiety and avoidance. In the dyadic sample, a person's CCM was associated with their partner's lower PPR via their own higher attachment anxiety. Attachment insecurities help understand the associations between CCM and PPR and may represent an important intervention target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attachment theory provides some important insights into couple relationships, including highlighting the importance of communicating one's needs clearly while also having a partner who is properly attuned and appropriately responsive to those needs. The purpose of this study was to provide an initial empirical examination of the signal‐response dynamic. More specifically, we used data from 63 couples to examine the efficacy (in terms of psychophysiological arousal and feelings toward their partner) of a micro‐intervention designed to help couples improve their signaling and responding when compared to a seminatural condition where the discussion more closely resembled how couples interact at home. We also explored the emotional experience of participants in various signaling and responding roles. Overall, we found preliminary evidence for addressing signaling and responding dynamics. We also found evidence that emotional experience varied according to signaling or responding roles. These findings have important potential clinical implications, which we discuss in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explored significant advancements in integrative child psychotherapy in the UK, aiming to establish a common core and unified theory. Informed by infant-parent observations, attachment theory, neuroscience, and socio-cognitive developmental psychology research, the findings integrated clinical approaches from a developmental and family systems perspective. The objective was to provide a framework based on common factors and a unified psychogenesis theory, emphasising a therapeutic action model and understanding child development. The escalating prevalence and severity of mental health issues among children and young people (CYP) are highlighted, with factors like the COVID-19 pandemic, educational disruptions, increased digital reliance, and the current cost of living crisis contributing to the surge. The impact of these changes necessitates a holistic approach to mental health care, specifically by specialists in integrative child psychotherapy. Current data underestimates CYP mental health needs due to the absence of a national approach to data collection and analysis. Moreover, there is a lack of consensus on the assessment and case formulation in CYP mental health treatment. The diversity in practitioners' approaches, training, and understanding of child development, evidence-based practices, and CYP mental health support is noted. Critiquing the limitations of evidence-based practices, the paper argues for a systematic assessment and case formulation framework. It advocates for an evidence base that acknowledges the individuality of CYP, emphasising psychotherapy's dynamic, relational foundation. The proposed framework seeks to inform training and practice requirements, challenging the conventional mechanistic understanding of mental health treatment and promoting a more integrative and client-centred approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the significance of self-worth as a crucial factor in human mental health and psychosocial development. The study explores self-worth interventions, mental disorders, and available resources. A comprehensive analysis of the conceptual and theoretical aspects of self-worth is undertaken. To begin with, the study offers conceptual justifications drawn from the self-worth literature, elucidating theoretical perspectives on the formation of self-worth in individuals. It elaborates on related concepts and their interconnections with selfworth. Furthermore, the examination extends to the influence of culture on self-worth development and emotions. Theoretical discussions on self-worth are approached through Psychoanalytic theory, Psychosocial development theory, Transactional analysis theory, and Attachment theory. The research scrutinizes the association between various mental disorders and self-worth, investigating how a lack of self-worth may exacerbate or precipitate certain psychopathologies. Previous interventions aimed at enhancing self-worth are outlined, accompanied by an exploration of methods for measuring self-worth. The study emphasizes the pivotal role of self-worth in individuals' mental health, considering the implications of concepts like unconditional selfworth and contingencies of self-worth. Recommendations are provided for individuals, parents, and mental health professionals based on the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between mentors' paradox mindset and career mentoring directly and indirectly through self-efficacy and work engagement, drawing insights from attachment theory. Design/methodology/approach: A serial mediation model was tested using survey data from 297 employees working in a bank company in China. Findings: Paradox mindset had a significant indirect effect on career mentoring through self-efficacy and work engagement, self-efficacy had a significant indirect effect on career mentoring through work engagement, and paradox mindset had a significant indirect effect on career mentoring through self-efficacy and work engagement. Practical implications: The results offer practical insights for human resource managers by investigating how mentors' mindsets affect their psychological states and behaviors. By training and developing mentors' paradox mindset, mentors can better deal with tensions with a high level of self-efficacy and work engagement in the increasingly changing and demanding work environment and foster functional mentoring relationships. Originality/value: Findings of this study provide fresh insights into the relationship between individual differences and mentoring relationships by uncovering the critical role of paradox mindset in enhancing self-efficacy and work engagement. Moreover, the interaction of mentors' paradox mindset and self-efficacy advances previous studies on attachment theory by investigating the underlying mechanisms of mentoring relationships involving affectionate or emotional factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The link between relationship typologies and effectiveness of conflict resolution approaches remains to be tested despite its significance in conflict management in construction project delivery. By using the four relationships attributes based on the group attachment theory, the purpose of the study was to explore the cluster of relationships among project teams and organisations and the performance of conflict management strategies across these clusters in the Ghanaian construction industry. Design/methodology/approach: Using a deductive questionnaire survey in the Ghanaian construction industry, a total of 137 responses were gathered and analyzed using cluster analysis, mean scores and ANOVA to reveal the relationship clusters and performance of conflict management strategies across these clusters. Findings: The results revealed eight relationship clusters that exist among project teams and organisations with distinct influence of roles & tasks function, cognition, emotions and behavior attributes across the relationship clusters. In the aspect of the effectiveness of conflict management strategies, it was noted that the performance of these strategies were significantly different across the groups. For instance, integrating as a conflict management strategy was deemed to be effective in resolving conflict in unitary, adversarial, pluralist, mutuality, collaborative and partnering relationship clusters. In the case of coopetitive and coercive relationships, the performance of integrating as a conflict management strategy was less effective. This study thus has empirically proved that, different relationship clusters of teams and organizations exist within the Ghanaian construction industry, and that they perform different roles & tasks functions, cognition, emotions and behavioural attributes in their formation. Additionally, the performance effectiveness of conflict management strategies differed across the relationship clusters. Originality/value: By aligning the relationship attributes to the dynamics of relationship clusters experienced in project teams and organisations, relationship quality, suitability and effectiveness of conflict management strategies can be optimized. The findings can inform project teams and stakeholders to develop fit-for-purpose relationship attributes among teams and organisations to enhance team effectiveness, relationship quality and conflict management in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to attachment theory and research, a supportive social or therapeutic group can assuage relational worries and promote members' sense of attachment security (or felt security, confidence that others will be supportive when needed), which is crucial for sustaining goal pursuit, social relations, and mental health. As yet, however, little is known about the group provisions that move attachment-insecure members toward greater security. In this article, we propose that the Attachment Security Enhancement Model, which was originally developed to explain attachment processes within couples, can also explain security enhancement in group settings. Within this framework, we first conceptualize the specific group provisions that are critical for fostering security among attachment-insecure members. We then discuss how a particular kind of group interactions—playful ones—might facilitate security-enhancement processes, and we present a clinical vignette illustrating the therapeutic value of such interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the intersection of proximal processes, attachment theory, and internalisation in the context of early childhood education is crucial for enhancing high quality teaching practices. With a specific focus on Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model and the significance of proximal processes, this article aims to highlight how quality interactions between teachers and children act as powerful catalysts for children's development. Also considered is the importance of the concept of internalisation, a key metaphor that is characteristic of sociocultural approaches. The article will conclude with some suggestions of practices that early childhood teachers can use with developing children to integrate key pedagogical principles that underpin bioecological theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the role of attachment patterns in the development of a child's personality in Emma Donoghue's novel Room (2010). The main objective is to observe the personality of a restrained mother, Ma, and her child, Jack, who was born in a confinement, set by a molester, Old Nick. The story revolves around the five years old Jack who became the rescuer of Ma. John Bowlby's Attachment Theory and Jacques Lacan's concept of the development of human consciousness are used to examine the evolution of Jack's personality, keeping in view the pattern of his attachment with Ma. Hence, the novel narrates the depths of maternal love and the persistency of the human spirit. The study concludes on demonstrating the significant role played by the protagonist's attachment to his mother to shape his personality and let him live a normal life in the outside world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite it is widely accepted that the job satisfaction of Seafarers is low, few studies have examined to develop a model of its determinants and stressors based on theorical grounding. This study develops a seafarer job determinants-stress-satisfaction model based on three theories: behaviour setting theory, attachment theory, and contingency theory. The dependant variable, seafarers' job satisfaction was measured with three variables: (a) overall satisfaction, (b) payment satisfaction, and (c) burnout. This study hypothesises that (i) the ship work environment and (ii) seafarer belongingness have a direct impact on job satisfaction and (iii) workplace and belongingness stress moderates these effects. Using a large-scale survey of 1,612 seafarers, hierarchical regression analysis, the study uncover four dimensions of workplace environment (physical, connected, healthy, and functional), two seafarer attachment styles (secure, avoidant) and two more seafarer belongingness factors: company supportive culture and social fit. The job determinants-stress-satisfaction model explained 39% of the overall job satisfaction, 18.1% of payment satisfaction, and 16.3% of burnout. Findings allow maritime companies to improve seafarer job satisfaction by creating a supporting culture, prioritise social activities, and pay attention to shipboard environment (hygiene, connectivity, functionalities). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the canalization hypothesis of attachment theory (Bowlby, 1973), people's trajectories of attachment security should become increasingly stable and buffered against external pressures as their relationships progress. The present study aimed to examine this hypothesis within the context of romantic relationships. We analyzed longitudinal data collected from 1,741 adults who completed between three and 24 survey assessments (average number of waves analyzed = 6.79, SD = 5.31; median test–retest interval = 35 days). We modeled participants' within-person fluctuations in partner-specific security as a function of their romantic relationship length. Additionally, we examined whether attachment-related events (e.g., conflict with one's partner) predict greater within-person fluctuations in security among people involved in newer versus more established romantic relationships. Our results suggest that people in newer romantic relationships demonstrated greater fluctuations in partner-specific attachment anxiety—both generally and in reaction to attachment-related events—compared to those in well-established romantic relationships. However, neither of these trends was observed for partner-specific attachment avoidance. These results provide partial support for the canalization hypothesis but also suggest that canalization processes may be more nuanced than previously assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text provides a concise overview of the theories of John Bowlby and Murray Bowen, two influential figures in the field of psychology. Bowlby's attachment theory focuses on the importance of secure attachment between mother and child for mental health, while Bowen's family systems theory views the family as an emotional unit and emphasizes the role of the entire family system in child development. The text discusses the key concepts and clinical implications of both theories, highlighting their impact on our understanding of human behavior. It concludes by comparing the contributions of Bowlby and Bowen to the field. [Extracted from the article]

Adolescence is a unique developmental stage characterized by substantial emotional and physical development that occurs during the transition from childhood to adulthood. Attachment theory provides a theoretical framework to examine important relationships and interactions in an adolescent's life, such as familial or peer relationships. The current study explores the connections between adolescents' attachment to their parents, encompassing both maternal and paternal bonds, and their interactions with peers as well as their subjective well-being. This study investigated both positive and negative peer experiences, along with the emotional and cognitive aspects of subjective well-being to understand the impact of familial relationships on these outcomes. Five-hundred sixty-five middle school students completed surveys reporting on their mother and father attachment, peer experiences, and subjective well-being. Participants were classified into four attachment groups based on whether they had a high attachment with both mother and father, mother only, father only, or low attachment with both parents. Group differences in subjective well-being and peer interactions were examined. Results indicated that adolescents who displayed strong attachment to both parents reported the most favorable outcomes, while those with low attachment to both parents experienced the least favorable outcomes. Adolescents who were attached solely to their mothers or fathers fell in between the other two groups. As a result, students who did not have an attachment to either parent are at the greatest risk of diminished subjective well-being and detrimental peer relationships. Those with attachment to at least one parent experienced some advantages in their well-being and interactions with peers. These findings highlight the importance of parental and peer relationships within an adolescent's life. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relational attachment theory is among the most extensively researched psychological theories, and offers numerous applications for financial advising and wealth management practices. Attachment theory is one of the most comprehensive psychological frameworks for understanding how individuals can develop and use their relational (e.g., trust, bonding, closeness) and emotion-management (e.g., attunement, affective regulation, empathy) capacities. This article provides a review of attachment theory basics and a summary of empirical investigations into human socioemotional patterns. In addition, we elucidate how compromised attachment styles contribute to complications related to these capacities. We also review the applications of attachment theories and research to financial management processes; the relational dynamics related to wealth and money; the impact of attachment styles on founders' financial succession choices; and the impact of wealth on the rising generation (Rising Gen). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film-induced tourism is considered a valuable marketing tool, especially crucial for the recovery of post-pandemic tourism. The rapid growth of digital streaming platforms has enabled film and television works to reach global audiences and impact viewers on a broader scale. Scholars and tourism operators increasingly recognise film characters' pivotal role in global film-induced tourism. While film-induced tourism is generally believed to impact the image of tourist destinations positively, existing research has predominantly focused on the decent characters portrayed in films. However, the allure of captivating audiences is not confined solely to decent characters. According to narrative studies in film and television, villainous characters with extraordinary skills often have a stronger appeal to viewers than decent ones. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore a rarely discussed topic: how villainous characters enhance the attractiveness of tourist destinations. This interdisciplinary research principally integrates character arc theory and reception aesthetics from film studies, emotion contagion theory from marketing research, and place attachment theory from tourism studies. Accordingly, this study examines the perceived charismatic leadership of villainous characters and its impact on film tourists' emotion contagion, place attachment and visit intention. The study distributed questionnaires to 532 audiences who watched the Chinese police and crime drama titled, The Knockdown (狂飙), and who acquainted themselves with the villainous character Gao Qiqiang (高启强). Structured equation modelling showed that villainous characters with charismatic leadership can significantly impact the intention of film tourists. Specifically, perceived charismatic leadership directly influenced emotions of pleasure, arousal and admiration. Place attachment existed as a whole or partial mediator of the three emotions and visit intention. Moreover, the audience's justice sensitivity negatively moderated the positive relationship between perceived charismatic leadership and emotions. Finally, the study provides insights and suggestions for film tourism marketers and screenwriters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Developing a pleasant and supportive emotional bond with teachers might help students feel more at home at school. However, research on the relationship between positive teacher--student relationships and students' feelings of belonging in university settings is scarce. Using data from 426 student surveys, this study estimated the moderated mediation model which is generated based on attachment theory and reciprocity theory. As a result, teacher--student reciprocity increases students' sense of belonging to the university, and teacher-- student attachment moderates this effect. The effects of teacher-student reciprocity and teacher-student attachment on students' sense of belonging to the institution are positively moderated by social group attachment. This work contributes to the study of the sense of belonging by expanding on the applications of attachment theory and reciprocity theory. This research has a practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although virtual tourism (VT) has been touted as an effective alternative or transitional solution to tourism, few researches have been conducted on how to maintain and enhance visitors' satisfaction with it and how to translate positive sentiments into on-site travel intentions. This study proposes a conceptual model under the uses and gratifications theory and attachment theory. It aims to investigate the gratification factors that improve tourist satisfaction of VT and to determine the effect of attachment to virtual reality (VR), satisfaction, and loyalty on the intention to visit the destination recommended. To test the model, a sample of 624 respondents was captured and the PLS-SEM was used. The findings suggest that informativeness, entertainment, and social interactivity determine tourists' satisfaction, with entertainment being the most important factor. Attachment to VR has a significantly positive impact on improving satisfaction and transforming the uses and gratifications of VT into on-site visit intention. However, the positive impact of satisfaction with VT on on-site tourism intention reduces as the level of connection to nature increases. This study extends UGT theory and provides references for tourism practitioners and managers to enhance tourists' VT satisfaction and to advance tourism speedy recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe research results on the implication of company pets in socio-emotional aspects in young university students from La Araucanía, Chile. We used a qualitative research method from a descriptive approach; eight university students participated. The main results reveal the construction of an affective bond with the pet based on a reciprocal relationship, which promotes the development of empathy and positively affects academic training. In addition, the existence of emotions that affect their state of mind is revealed. We discuss the influence of the human-pet relationship on the socio-emotional development of university students from the attachment theory lens. We conclude that the human-pet relationship has effects in different areas of life of university students, psychologically, emotionally, socially and economically, which affects integral development and socio-emotional well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pastoral theology is seeking new forms of evangelisation to address people in the postmodern socio-cultural context and help them recognise the richness of the spiritual tradition. According to the principle of 'logoi spermatikoi', theology must open itself to the insights of some other disciplines, implement them and enrich them with its own content. Pastoral theology may find an important interlocutor in psychotherapy, which has developed working methods that are very attractive for people nowadays, addressing their individuality, putting their personal experience at the centre, strengthening their sense of autonomy and ability to form good relationships, and helping them use and regulate their emotions in their daily lives. We propose attachment theory as the starting point for the application of psychotherapeutic interventions in pastoral practice. Attachment theory is having a major impact on the development of contemporary psychotherapy and is also increasingly finding expression in contemporary Christian anthropology. The application of psychotherapeutic interventions in pastoral practice can make an important contribution to establishing a secure relationship between the pastoral worker and the believer, creating a foundation for sincere dialogue and spiritual accompaniment. In this article we present some basic psychotherapeutic interventions, their potential application in pastoral practice, and the expected effects of their use. We draw attention to some ethical dilemmas, to the importance of the safe transfer of interventions in pastoral care, and to the need for research to show the real effects of the use of these interventions in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explored the relationships between maternal sensitivity, secure base behavior (SBB), and secure base scripts (SBS) in 34 mother-child dyads from Lima, Peru, assessed at two times during preschool years. The hypothesis was that maternal sensitivity would have a direct relationship with the SBS (representational aspect of attachment), however it has an indirect relationship, through the SBB (behavioral aspect of attachment). The selection of the sample was intentional. At time 1 of the study, children were 45.26 months old on average (SD = 7.132) and in time 2 they were 58.09 (DE = 7.025). The Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-Set (MBPQS) was used to measure maternal sensitivity, the Attachment Q-Set (AQS) to assess SBB, and the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT) to assess SBS. A path analysis was performed. The results indicate that maternal sensitivity, measured at time 1, has a direct relationship with the SBS of the children assesed at time 2, and it has an indirect effect on the SBS through the SBB that was measured at time 1. This study is pioneer in the Peruvian and Latin American context to evaluate these relationships longitudinally and opens a research line to know better the relationship between these attachment theory constructs. However, results are preliminary given the small size of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attachment theory has become a dominant framework for understanding people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with respect to close relationships. People often want to and are motivated to improve their personalities and their relationships. Can attachment orientations change across the lifespan? And if so, what facilitates change? Will insecure people stay insecurely attached across their life or is there hope for change? The current review provides a bird's eye view of the research on how and why attachment orientations change in adulthood. We provide some descriptive information for how attachment changes across the lifespan and how much of this variation is attributable to early life experiences. Then, we focus on the processes that are thought to engender attachment-related changes over time. Finally, we provide some directions for future research to help fill some holes in the field's understanding about attachment orientations and how they change over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I was born into a church and a family governed by dichotomous frameworks of right/wrong, God/devil, truth/falsehood. Justifying the impulse to ask questions in such contexts was difficult, because Christian faith was perceived in an authoritarian manner as 'the truth'. But during my undergraduate study, studying attachment theory gave me an existential foothold. The existing literature on attachment theory, particularly the compassionate writings of John Bowlby, facilitated a complete reconstruction of my understanding of the needs and dynamics of human life, both generally and in relation to myself. These alterations then drew into question many of the theological beliefs shaping my religious outlook. Based on these experiences, I explore both the ways in which attachment theory has been brought into dialogue with religious studies and theology, and how it might enable us to develop an axiological and relational hermeneutic that directs attention to the ethical dimensions of theological belief and praxis, and even to a reconfiguration of absolutist approaches to the nature of truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on British psychologist John Bowlby's exploration of the phenomenological aspects of attachment theory, suggesting that observations led to insights aligned with phenomenological principles. It reports on Bowlby's departure from Melanie Klein's intrapsychic model. It emphasizes real-life interactions and environmental influences in understanding human development.

Attachment theory proposes that close relationships help us to regulate our emotions in stressful and positive situations. However, no previous studies have examined preferences for a partner's emotional response to one's own stressful and positive situations or tested whether these preferences differ based on attachment orientation. This study examines the association of attachment orientation and preferences for partners' emotional responses relative to one's own emotional responses in stressful and positive contexts among 425 United States adults who were currently in a committed relationship of ≥6 months. Data were collected in 2020. Overall, participants preferred their partners to feel and express less distress, less worry, more calm, and more hope than themselves during stressful situations and for their partners to feel and express more excitement, pride, and hope than themselves during positive situations. Higher attachment anxiety predicted preferences for partners to feel and express more distress/worry in stressful situations, whereas higher attachment avoidance predicted preferences for partners to feel and express less hope in stressful situations. Statistical interactions of attachment anxiety × attachment avoidance indicated that the combination of low attachment anxiety and high attachment avoidance (dismissing avoidance) was associated with preferences for partners to feel and express less positive emotions in positive situations, whereas the combination of high attachment anxiety and high attachment avoidance (fearful avoidance) was associated with preferences for partners to feel and express more negative emotions in stressful situations and less positive emotions in positive situations. This investigation provides novel evidence for links between attachment orientation and preferences for partners' emotional responses in two theoretically important contexts, which has implications for the nature and function of emotion regulation in close relationships. Future research is needed to determine the generalizability of these findings to more collectivist cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Families play a pivotal role in supporting one another during cancer. Research suggests that supportive care interactions between patients and their caregivers can have a positive effect on the physical health and well‐being of both members of the dyad. However, few studies have investigated how patient and caregiver personality characteristics intersect with their perceptions of supportive exchanges. Adopting an attachment theory perspective, our aim was to examine the dyadic effects of patient and caregiver attachment orientations on mutually supportive care. Methods: Patients (n = 103) receiving cancer care and their caregivers (n = 99) completed a survey that comprised measures of attachment orientations (Experiences in Close Relationships Modified scale), and mutually supportive care (Shared Care Inventory, SCI‐3): communication, decision‐making and reciprocity. Results: Actor‐Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs) were used to examine the association between participants' attachment orientations on their own (actor effects) SCI‐3 outcomes and those of the other person within the dyad (partner effects). Across the APIMs, the tendency was for an inverse relationship between attachment (anxious and avoidant orientations) and mutually supportive care. Inspection of the effects and dyadic patterns supported actor and couple models. Conclusions: Using a dyadic approach, it was possible to study both intrapersonal and interpersonal effects. Our findings point to interdependence within the cancer caregiving relationship and underscore the importance of considering how individual and relational ways of responding influence support. Attachment theory provides a framework for explaining the observed relationships and a basis for therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing a consistently high level of service recovery performance is important to minimize the negative impact of service failure, such as negative word-of-mouth and plunging satisfaction. Thus, examining factors that promote service recovery performance is important. Service providers' perception of the customers influences their service performance; and yet, its implications for service recovery performance have not been well understood. By applying McGregor's classification of employee types to service consumers, this study examines whether a service provider's perception of type Y customers influences their service recovery performance. Across a survey to 150 service providers, this study revealed that service recovery performance increases (decreases) when the customers are perceived to have a high (low) level of type Y characteristics (responsible and capable of directing and controlling themselves). In line with attachment theory, when the service providers perceive a high level of type Y customers, they are motivated to establish a strong rapport with the customers and hence, increase the service recovery performance to prevent the customers from leaving the company. More importantly, service providers' perception of customers is positively influenced by their customer orientation. Therefore, management can promote customer orientation in order to promote service providers' positive perceptions of the customers, rapport with the customers, and service recovery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical research suggests that married women may more commonly experience spousal pornography use as a relational attachment threat and are more likely to experience negative relational outcomes such as distress and loss of trust. The purpose of this study was to develop a grounded theory of married women's response to the discovery or disclosure of spousal pornography use. This study included the experiences of 30 married women who reported spousal pornography use as a threat to relational attachment, who chose to remain with their spouse, and who reported evidence of individual and relational healing thereafter. The research question, "How do married women describe the experience of learning of their spouse's pornography use and the individual and relationship sequelae that follow?" was explored using grounded theory methods to analyze deidentified blogpost accounts emphasizing response to a spouse's pornography use. The results describe a process model highlighting three interrelated informant categories—emotional response, mental response, and physical response—and one resultant category—behavioral response. Implications include (a) the importance of open communication regarding pornography use within relationships, (b) the necessity for individual and relational healing following betrayal trauma, and (c) the role of therapeutic intervention in shaping adaptive healing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manifestations of infants with both parents in the first year of life constitute a valuable tool for assessing the course and quality of the attachment they develop with them. However, there are no updated and contextualized descriptions in Cuba, so the present study was proposed to characterize the manifestations of Cuban infants in relation to their mother and father during the formation of attachment in the first year of life. A qualitative methodological approach and a Multiple Case Study design with nine triads are adopted. The results reflect that in the pre-attachment period are found the origins of the differentiated affective relationship of infants with their parents are found, manifesting a preferential interaction with them in the presence of a stranger, while during the attachment in formation it is much more discriminate with the mother. In the attachment stage, infants show interest in maintaining proximity to both parents, but tend to use the mother as an emotional refuge and show greater affective expressiveness when reunited with her than with the father. These results are similar to those described in Attachment Theory regarding the development of attachment at this stage and show that the infants' manifestations are indicators of the formation of a progressive affective relationship with their parents that goes through different stages during in the first year and is first formed with the mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]