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The purpose of this European survey was to examine the relationship of surgical patients' and nurses' personal characteristics with their perceptions of caring behaviors. Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) was completed by convenience samples of 1,659 patients and 1,195 nurses from six countries of Europe. The results showed that the older the patients, the more positive were their evaluations of CBI. Those with planned admission and good/very good health conditions gave higher ratings compared to those with an emergency and poor health conditions. Type of admission, age, and health conditions explained 5.2% of CBI variance. Nurses with more work experience and experience in the unit gave significantly higher ratings compared to nurses with less experience. Nurses' total experience and gender explained 2.3% of the variance of perceived care. Therefore, in a multinational surgical environment, caring behaviors may be influenced by other variables, better captured by using different research methods. This study was funded by the Cyprus University of Technology.

For every uncountable cardinal κ we construct, in ZFC, a space X κ such that (a) the product of X κ with every metrizable space is normal; (b) X κ has an increasing ω 1 -cover by open sets that has no refinement by ⩽κ many closed sets. This answers a question of M.E. Rudin. It also proves a conjecture of K. Morita on a characterization of metrizability in terms normality of products.

We construct, in ZFC, a hereditarily collectionwise normal, hereditarily metaLindelof, hereditarily realcompact Dowker space. This answers a question of R. Hodel (also asked by S. Watson and D. Burke) and another question of M.E. Rudin.

For every regular cardinal κ we construct a hereditarily normal, countably paracompact space X κ which has an increasing open cover W = { W μ : μ ϵ ω 1 } such that W has no refinement by ⩽ κ closed sets. By work of Chiba, Przymusinski and Rudin, the existence of such a space proves a conjecture of Morita that σ-locally compact metrizable spaces are precisely the spaces whose product with every normal, countably paracompact space is normal. The spaces X κ are the first known examples of hereditarily normal ω 1 -Dowker spaces.

A topological property P is called n -additive in n th power (or weakly n -additive) if a topological space X has P as soon as X n = ∪{ Y i : i ϵ n } where all Y i have P. If P is n -additive in n th power for all natural n ⩾ 1, we say that P is weakly finitely additive. The main question we deal with in this paper is whether metrizability is weakly finitely additive. It was proved by Tkachuk (1994) that it is so in the class of regular spaces with Souslin property. Metrizability was also proved by Tkachuk (1994) to be weakly finitely additive in the class of Hausdorff compact spaces. We generalize this last result, showing that metrizability is weakly finitely additive in the class of regular pseudocompact spaces. We also prove that if X n is a regular Lindelof space then it is metrizable if represented as a union of its n metrizable subspaces. We show that there is an example of a Tychonoff nonmetrizable space X such that X n is a union of two metrizable subspaces for all n ⩾ 1. The method of constructing this example can be used to solve several problems stated by Tkachuk (1994).

Nowadays technologies aim at interconnecting plethora of electronic devices and data sources to keep users informed about their field of interest. Automated processing of heterogeneous distributed information is still the challenging task which ranges from enterprise and logistic information systems to rescue and military information systems. In this paper we propose a system for semi-automated information collection and integration, especially focused on seamless human information acquisition. In this sense information integration can be viewed as a multi-stage process where information sources (human and computational) could be spread in different locations and stored in various formats. In order to overcome the problems of information acquisition from distributed heterogeneous sources especially from end users, the agent platform, appropriate agents and methods for semiautomated user forms generation were designed and developed.

We construct a hereditarily normal topological space whose product with the unit interval is not normal. The space is a-relatively discrete and has cardinality of the continuum c. Introduction. A Dowker space is a normal Hausdorff space whose product with the closed unit interval I is not normal. Whether there are such spaces at all was raised as a problem by C. H. Dowker [D] in 1951 who also gave an internal characterization of Dowker spaces. (See Lemma 0.1 below.) Constructing Dowker spaces turned out to be a hard, many-faceted problem in general and set-theoretic topology, of basically combinatorial set-theoretic nature. It has extensive, rich literature. (See the survey paper [R4] and also [Re], [W2] for some update.) There has been precisely one Dowker space built in usual (ZFC) mathematics by Mary Ellen Rudin [R2] in 1971. This space has cardinality and weight N', and it has few nice properties beyond normality. The search for a smaller example is referred to as the Small Dowker Space Problem. The effort of a number of mathematicians resulted in nice, small Dowker spaces in many models of set theory [Be], [C], [G], [JKR], [R1], [R5], [We], but no example different from Rudin's has been constructed in ZFC alone. In this paper we give a solution to the Small Dowker Space Problem by constructing, without extra set-theoretic axioms, a hereditarily normal, a-relatively discrete Dowker space of cardinality of the continuum c. Such a space of strongly compact cardinality (under the set-theoretic assumption that such large cardinals exist), was constructed by S. Watson [W1]. Our proof uses a general combinatorial technique originated in M. E. Rudin's [R3] and later used by the author [B] to construct Q-set spaces. Our terminology and notation follow the standards of contemporary set theory and set-theoretic topology as used in [K] and [KV]. In particular, [A]

Supporting emergency responders with mobile software agents promise increasing the efficiency of crisis management. While mobile agents offer many advantages, they also pose new challenges to security. However, security is a key prerequisite in crisis situations. A main security requirement is to create an agent execution environment that will not attack the agents.To secure mobile agents we have created an architecture that uses Trusted Computing to create a trusted execution environment for mobile agents on commodity-of-the-shelf computing hardware. We protect the load-time integrity of the trusted execution environment by measuring its software configuration and using a local attestation verification token to verify the software configuration. This token is the Secure Docking Module, a security chip protecting the cryptographic resources required to join the mobile agent software platform and authorize mobile agents. The SDM is implemented on a modern security chip. With our security architecture we can provide a mobile agent platform that is resilient against malicious agent execution environments, making the use of mobile agents in crisis management viable.

Studies with the monoacylglycerol lipase blocker JZL184 have suggested that enhanced 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling suppresses locomotion, lowers body temperature, and decreases anxiety. Although the neurochemical effects of JZL184 develop within 30 min, its behavioral and autonomic effects have been studied much later. To clarify temporal dynamics, we studied the effects of intraperitoneal injections of JZL184 in mice on home-cage locomotion and body temperature for 120 min using in-vivo biotelemetry. We also studied the effects of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg JZL184 in the open field and elevated plus maze at various time points. In the home cage, JZL184 blunted injection-induced body temperature increases but exerted no long-term effects. Vehicle injections increased the duration of rapid movements whereas the duration of motionless periods was decreased, a pattern also abolished by JZL184. Although the highest dose exerted a mild long-term effect on the relative duration of motionless periods, JZL184 seemed to have phasic rather than tonic effects in the home cage. By contrast, open field and plus maze behavior was affected 80 and 120 min but not 40 min after treatments, which may indicate tonic rather than phasic effects in these tests. Our findings confirm earlier reports of a mild anxiolytic effect of JZL184, but surprisingly, the compound markedly and dose dependently increased locomotion in the open field in both CD1 and C57BL/6J mice. These findings are difficult to reconcile at present, but suggest that the effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition are more complex than previously believed and may depend strongly on as yet unidentified factors such as environmental conditions, the time of testing, species/strains, etc.

The overall objective of the project is to find the reason why social networking sites are eagerly creating free widgets that can be embedded to any website. Apparently these widgets are free, but it has already been proven that these small applications' purpose is to collect data of the visitors and help social networking sites to create a better profile of their users. This paper contains the base of a current research on what information is available of the website visitors and how social sites can use this data.

Although respect and human presence are frequently reported in nursing literature, these are poorly defined within a nursing context. The aim of this study was to examine the differences, if any, in the perceived frequency of respect and human presence in the clinical care, between nurses and patients. A convenience sample of 1537 patients and 1148 nurses from six European countries (Cyprus, Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Italy) participated in this study during autumn 2009. The six-point Likert-type Caring Behaviours Inventory-24 questionnaire was used for gathering appropriate data. The findings showed statistically significant differences of nurses’ and patients’ perception of frequency on respect and human presence. These findings provide a better understanding of caring behaviours that convey respect and assurance of human presence to persons behind the patients and may contribute to close gaps in knowledge regarding patients’ expectations.

Routine operations of emergency first responders are usually well managed. The situation is different for mass casualty emergencies where more people and properties are threatened. In such situations there are no predefined plans in place and mitigation is solved mostly through crisis management. Teams managing such acute accidents are often working in information insufficiency. Timely information exchange between involved agencies, common understanding of data and fast provision of knowledge can save lives and protect properties. Useful information is heterogeneous and is distributed across many organizations in disparate information sources in many formats with different access policies and in varying quality. The information sources range from sensors deployed on incidence sites, publicly available data sources, corporate legacy systems, documents stored on remote locations to human end-users providing information using mobile devices. This article addresses operational challenges of First Responders and complementary challenges in accessing and analyzing information from multiple sources to provide advanced capabilities for command and control in emergency response. Herein we propose to use an agent-based infrastructure for supporting such interoperability. We propose to build the framework amplifying an agent infrastructure developed in scope of the SECRICOM EU integrated project. In this article we focus mainly on the conceptual architecture of such integration framework.

The association between individualised nursing care and patient satisfaction has been previously found. However, there is a lack of studies examining this association between individualised care and patient satisfaction in a cross-cultural study.This study examines the association between individualised care and patient satisfaction in a sample of general surgical patients from five European countries.A cross-sectional design and survey method were used to collect data from general surgical patients (N = 1315, response rate 78%) in 72 inpatient wards in 26 general acute hospitals' in 2009 using self-completed questionnaires the Individualised Care Scale and the Patient Satisfaction Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple stepwise regression analyses.Surgical patients reported that the care they received was only moderately individualised overall, but individuality was taken into account well in patients' clinical situation and decisional control over care. Patients were satisfied with their care, mostly with the technical aspects of care and least with the information given. There were between-country differences in patients' perceptions of individuality in care and patient satisfaction. A positive correlation between the level of individualised care received and patient satisfaction was found, confirming that individualised nursing care delivery influences patients' satisfaction with care and demonstrating that this quality of care indicator might be able to be used as a predictor of patient satisfaction, one outcome of care.The findings of this study strengthen previous results and further reporting the existence of a relationship and the positive correlation between individualised care and patient satisfaction. The results can inform administrative decisions and policy on introducing nursing approaches to care that would increase patient satisfaction.

Purpose: Theoretically, patient satisfaction is correlated with nursing care, but there is not sufficient evidence to support it. The aim of this study was to address three research questions: (a) What is the correlation between caring as perceived by patients and patient satisfaction? (b) Are there differences across various countries on the correlation on caring as perceived by patients and patient satisfaction? (c) Do caring behaviors affect patient satisfaction? Design: A multicenter correlational design was adopted involving surgical patients from six European countries: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Greece, Finland, Hungary, and Italy. Methods: A convenience sample of 1,565 patients was recruited in autumn 2009. The short version of the Caring Behaviours Inventory (CBI; 24 items) and Patient Satisfaction Scale (PSS; 11 items) were used. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, as well as correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression, to examine relations between caring behaviors and patient satisfaction. Findings: According to the patients involved, nurses performed caring behaviors between very frequently (score = 5) and always (score = 6). Patient satisfaction with nursing care was also high, between satisfied (score = 3) and very satisfied (score = 4). A positive correlation emerged between CBI and PPS (r= 0.66, p < .01) ranging between countries from 0.27 to 0.85 (Czech Republic r= 0.27, Cyprus r= 0.76, Finland r= 0.71, Greece r= 0.85, Hungary r= 0.63, and Italy r= 0.45 [p < .01]). Among the CBI dimensions, “connectedness” mainly explains patient satisfaction (R2= 0.404, p < .001), followed by “assurance” (R2= 0.032, p < .001) and “respectful” (R2= 0.005, p < .001). Conclusions: Caring behaviors enacted by nurses determine a consistent proportion of patient satisfaction. This association between them suggests several implications for nursing education, practice, and management. Clinical Relevance: The results may be utilized by policymakers, nurse ward managers, nurse educators, and clinical nurses as a background for taking appropriate measures to improve nursing care provided, thereby enhancing patient satisfaction.

Problems with continual processes modeling are apparent upon solving multilevel control systems, where, besides an extensive procedure level of control, there exists another level of control responsible for a continuous optimization of the process. It is natural that it is necessary to improve quality of any production technology in a complex way, by means of replacing the technology itself, as well as by continuous optimization of operation, upon which it is inevitable to exploit not only exact theoretical means, but also practical experience, or heuristic procedures from the level of dispatcher control. It is just here, where new opportunities of using fuzzy controller are opening, as a compensation for a man in control and optimizing processes. Besides the above mentioned possibilities, the exploitation of fuzzy controllers in the practice is very widespread. For example, steam turbines, chemical reactors and cement operations control has successfully been solved. Using fuzzy controller for the acceleration of neurone networks learning can serve an example. The article deals with the issue of rules base design in the environs of Matlab.

This paper is a report of an international study of patients' and nurses' perceptions of nurse caring behaviours. Current economic constraints on healthcare systems, demand to increase the quality of care and the incorporation of the consumers' perspective into care, have created a need to develop a clear understanding of nursing behaviours which convey caring. Patients in different areas of the world report different expectations of nurses' caring actions when compared to nurses' views. A descriptive comparative survey design was used to analyse a sample of surgical patients (n = 1659) and their nurses (n = 1195) in 88 wards of 34 hospitals in Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Italy. Data were collected in autumn 2009 using the Caring Behaviours Inventory-24. Nurses' and patients' responses were compared using both inferential and descriptive statistics. Independent samples t-tests showed important differences between nurses' and patients' views. Although both groups perceived knowledge and skill as being the most important sub-scale, the nurses' responses were higher compared to patients (P0·05) with important differences in the 'assurance of human presence' (P0·001) and the 'respectful deference to others' (P0·001) sub-scales. Cross-country comparisons showed important differences between the nurses' (F = 24·199, P0·001) and patients' views on caring (F = 26·945, P0·001). Important differences were observed between patient-nurse perceptions in the participating countries. The results form a foundation for future research into the development of a common international perspective about caring behaviours between patients and their nurses.

This paper proposes integration of secure agents with a secure communication infrastructure in order to provide rapid information gathering platform from various information sources and actors participating in a crisis situation. The role of agents is primarily a coordinated collection of information. The secure communication infrastructure (SCI) provides communication services for voice and data exchange between users and systems. A special type of agent called User Communication Agent is described. The communication with users is enacted through dynamically generated XForms-based questionnaires integrated with the user interface of the SCI. Although security and trust aspects are important part of both secure agents and SCI, we concentrate more on integration aspects between these two systems. The presented work is being developed in scope of the SECRICOM 7th FP integrated project.

This article proposes a mobile agent platform based on Jini services deployed over IP-based networks. The role of agents in the proposed architecture is primarily coordinated collection of information. The overall agent infrastructure is designed as a secure, robust and fail resistant system. Trust for agents can be based on a special hardware module which provides trusted computing functionality. In the article we describe such architecture in terms of requirements and design. Core agent types are proposed to access different kinds of distributed resources. Specialized agents for access to legacy information sources, communication with end-users and configuration of IP-based network devices are described. We conclude with current state of the architecture implementation and with further plans concerning the development of the described architecture.

This article proposes a distributed architecture designed for management of crisis situations were multiple actors are involved from various organizations with different competences and communicating over IP-based networks including wireless devices. In such settings requirements exist for secure communication and trusted collection of data from various sources. The role of agents in the proposed architecture is primarily coordinated collection of information. In respect to requirements the overall agent infrastructure must be a secure, robust and fail resistant system. Required level of trust for agents is based on a special hardware module which provides trusted computing functionality. In the article we describe such architecture in terms of detailed requirements, design and decomposition to subsystems. We also provide a sample scenario use case inspired by concrete crisis situation. The architecture herein described is being used in scope of an EU integrated project called Secricom therefore we briefly describe the integration points with other systems involved in the project. We conclude with current state of the architecture implementation and with further plans concerning the development of the described architecture.

A ladder system L on the set of limit ordinals is defined by iterated ccc forcing. The natural topological space X L derived from L is a locally compact, locally countable scattered space of height 2 which is ↗-normal, is a Morita P -space (and thus, countably metacompact), but the space is not perfect or normal. Then we discuss a number of reasons why such a space cannot exist in ZFC and in fact, in many models.

It is shown that there is a regular T 1 {T_1} -space whose every subset is a G δ {G_\delta } -set and yet the space is not σ \sigma -discrete.

We prove that by adjoining supercompact many Cohen or random reals to a model of ZFC set theory, in the resulting model, every normal locally compact space is collectionwise normal. In the same models, countably paracompact, locally compact T 3 {T_3} -spaces are expandable. Local compactness in the above theorems can be weakened to being of point-countable type, a condition that is implied by both Čech-completeness and first countability.

We present a system for semantically-aided workflow management for SOA-based grid environment. The user can construct workflows of grid and web services just by stating the intended result, can see the workflow and its dynamic behavior in a graphical form, and can annotate the whole workflow, its parts, or its results. User experience, constructed workflows, and computed results can be shared between users. The system uses monitoring information to adapt to changes in the underlying infrastructure by extracting ontologically managed information about existing application services. One of its important features is also a transparency of the grid, and resulting ease of use even for application area experts not familiar with grid computing concepts. We also present the way this system is employed to predict flood hazards, using a series of simulation models for meteorology, hydrology, and hydraulics. The system is the result of the IST project K-Wf Grid.

In this paper we present design and development of the grid workflow system based on the semantic grid services. We will highlight the process of the discovery and composition of grid and web services into workflows and semantic technologies supporting the users during the workflow composition and evaluation of the results [13]. We will describe in detail the challenges of the design and development of the semantic grid service model, which is based on the Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF) and the Web Service Ontology (OWL-S). Semantic descriptions of the WSRF services as well as mapping of such descriptions to the workflow model will be presented. Further, we will demonstrate how experience management solutions can help in the process of service discovery and user support. The system provides a unique bottom-up approach in the Semantic Grids by combining the advances of semantic web services and grid architectures [1].

This article proposes an approach for predicting runtime of web services (WS) with state – also called stateful web services. Estimating WS runtime is particularly critical during construction of composite WS workflows. Each workflow job must be scheduled in a way that the overall workflow run time will satisfy the overall workflow constrains. Such workflows are commonly used in Grids for connecting individual Grid WS to large, complicated and distributed applications. Prediction of WS run times optimizes scheduling and supports efficient use of grid resources. In our approach we propose to estimate expected WS run time based on invocation parameters of WS operations, states of resources maintained by a WS and properties of resources used as processing inputs for a WS. We adopt knowledge based approach where the history of WS operations is examined and a model is created and updated for each class and instance of a WS. Such WS run time prediction models can be then used by workflow schedulers to compute expected run times of a range of WS for the purpose of identifying the most appropriate WS for a given job within given constrains.

In this paper we present design and development of a knowledge framework for grid and web service-based workflow composition and execution. We highlight the corresponding architecture and the process of service annotation, discovery and composition in the project K-WfGrid [5]. We describe in detail the challenges of a flood-forecasting application and corresponding design and development of the service oriented model, which is based on the well known Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF). Semantic descriptions of the WSRF services are presented as well as the architecture, which exploits semantics in discovery and composition of service workflows. Further, we demonstrate how experience management solutions can aid the process of collaborative service discovery and composition. The whole K-Wf Grid system provides a unique approach in Semantic Grids by combining the advances of semantic web services and grid architectures.

The purpose of this research was to describe attitudes of nursing students (and paramedic officers) towards marginalized clients. Convenience quota sampling in a major health faculty was employed. Students participated on a voluntary basis. A 58-item Likert scale, developed by the authors, assessed the student nurses’ attitudes. In general, attitudes towards homeless clients were neutral; detailed analyses, however, revealed that student nurses would decline to care for homeless clients in various situations. Personal experience with homeless patients and positive attitudes of nurses significantly contributed to increased quality of care and equality of treatment for homeless clients. Certain student nurse behaviors warrant immediate attention to prevent marginalized patients from being exposed to unfair, inaccessible and biased nursing care. Based on our results, we recommend that further research attention be paid to the role of ethics education and faculty behaviors, as faculty members serve as role models for professionalization.

In this paper we introduce an advanced experience management and recommendation framework. The framework exploits software agent technology to ensure distributed and robust functioning. In design and implementation we use state of the art methodologies, technologies and tools. Ontology is used for modeling and describing knowledge. The infrastructure is able to provide relevant recommendations to a requester entity based on recorded experiences from the past depending on the current context of the environment. Such infrastructure is suitable for environments where instant recommendation is required in a given situation. A concrete example implementation of this framework is introduced in the public administration organization where employees need knowledge according to their current work context which is represented by activities in a workflow process.

In this paper we present the use of ontology for knowledge representation and handling in Software Agent Systems. Motivation has come from Pellucid IST project where we need to capture and capitalize employee’s knowledge in organization. This knowledge is then presented to other employees as they work on particular tasks. The Protege ontology editor and JADE multi-agent system is used for implementation. Ontology is usually used in intra-agent communication for agents to understand each other; we used ontology also as knowledge data model to store knowledge as instances of ontological terms into object database, thus agents can access and manipulate knowledge data directly and still stay lightweight.

The main aim of the Pellucid project is to develop a platform based on the multi-agent technology for assisting public employees in their organization. This paper deals with a problem of classification and identification of needed information for agents performance. This paper presents methods for encoding data and creating the database, so that agents can have an easy access to the required information. Furthermore, two methods applicable with every type of database for classification and selection of historical information are presented.

A combinatorial principle CECA is formulated and its equivalence with GCH + certain weakenings of ◻ λ \Box _\lambda for singular λ \lambda is proved. CECA is used to show that certain “almost point- > τ >\tau ” families can be refined to point- > τ > \tau families by removing a small set from each member of the family. This theorem in turn is used to show the consistency of “every first countable T 1 T_1 -space with a weakly uniform base has a point-countable base.”

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Many of earlier and recent results obtained for p -spaces and their relatives can be extended by using a simple and natural concept (relative compactness) which was defined and investigated in an earlier paper of the author. In the present paper extensions of recent metrization theorems concerning p -spaces are dealt with. A recent metrization theorem of J. Nagata is extended to relative compactness. Under the assumption of the continuum hypothesis A.V. Arhangel'skiǐ's problem asking whether a space, each subspace of which is a paracompact p -space, contains a dense metrizable subspace, is solved affirmatively (and for the generality of relative compactness). Some results concerning the behaviour of the first axiom of countability and its generalizations under relative compactness are also included.

A topological space is said to be totally paracompact (resp. totally metacompact) if every open base of it has a locally finite (resp. pointfinite) subcover. In this paper we characterize all totally paracompact GOspaces constructed on the real line. It turns out that in the class of GO-spaces on the real line, total paracompactness and total metacompactness are equivalent. Another consequence of our characterization is that totally metacompact GO-spaces on the real line are metrizable. Questions and partial results are given concerning total paracompactness in subspaces of real GO-spaces. A topological space is said to be totally paracompact [Fo] (totally metacompact) if every base of it has a locally finite subcover (point-finite subcover). R. Telgarsky and H. Kok [TK] showed that the Michael Line [M] was not totally paracompact. In [Le] A. Lelek asked if the Sorgenfrey Line [S] was totally paracompact. This question was answered negatively by J. M. O'Farrell [OF1] using a technique that showed neither the Sorgenfrey Line nor the Michael Line is totally metacompact. Since both the Sorgenfrey Line and the Michael Line are real GO-spaces the following questions naturally arise: 1. What GO-spaces on the real line are totally metacompact or even totally paracompact? 2. Is total metacompactness equivalent to total paracompactness in real GOspaces? In general the answer to Question 2 is no, since Heath's "V-space" [H] is totally metacompact and not (totally) paracompact. In this paper it will be shown that total metacompactness and total paracompactness are equivalent in real GO-spaces. Moreover, we shall completely characterize all totally paracompact real GO-spaces in Theorem 2.3. From this characterization it follows that totally paracompact real GO-spaces are metrizable. Recall that a linearly ordered topological space (=LOTS) is a linearly ordered set X equipped with the usual open interval topology. If < is the linear order on X then a subset C of X is order convex if whenever a and b are in C such that a < b, then {x E XI a < x < b} C C. A generalized ordered space (=GO-space) is a linearly ordered set equipped with a T1-topology for which there is a base consisting of convex sets. GO-spaces have been studied extensively (for example, see [BL1] or Received by the editors December 10, 1985 and, in revised form, August 14, 1986. The results in this paper were presented at the University of Southwest Louisiana Spring Topology Conference in April of 1986. This conference was sponsored in part by N.S.F. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 54F05, 54D18; Secondary 54E35.

We prove that a locally connected, rim-Lindelof, submeta Lindelof, normal, ⩽ω 2 -collectionwise T 2 space is paracompact. Further, if ‘Lindelof’ is replaced by ‘compact’, then ‘⩽ω 2 -collectionwise T 2 ’ can be omitted.