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The variant translocations t(2;8) in Burkitt's lymphoma cells join band q24 of chromosome 8, distal from c-myc, to the Igkappa locus, with considerable variation in the location of the breakpoints on chromosome 8. We report the cloning and molecular characterization of a chromosome 8 region, distal from the c-myc locus, which encompasses the breakpoints of the Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines BL64, BL21, and LY91 within 11 kilobase pairs, termed provisionally bvr-1 (Burkitt's variants' rearranging region 1). Using probes from the c-myc, the bvr-1, and the human pvt-1 loci obtained by chromosome walking coupled with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we have constructed a physical map of the region 3' of c-myc. We map bvr-1 and pvt-1 about 140 and 260 kilobase pairs, respectively, distal from c-myc.

Hardly any attention has so far been paid to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction after endotracheal intubation. We examined perioperative lesions of the TMJ in 100 patients who underwent operations in areas other than the head and neck. Fifty of these patients were anesthetized with orotracheal intubation; the other 50 were operated under spinal or peridural anesthesia. The orotracheal intubations were carried out with Macintosh laryngoscopes (blatesize 3). Size 32 Kuhn tubes or Magill tubes were used in 25 patients each. Preoperatively and daily for the first 4 postoperative days, we repeated the history and examined the minimal distance between the occlusal edges of upper and lower incisors (SKD), deviations of the mandible during opening and closing movements, and snapping or grinding of the TMJ. We further measured the duration of intubation, technical difficulties, and the number of years of training of the anesthetist. Age, body length, and preoperative findings were compatible in both patient groups. Operating time was 25% longer in the spinal or peridural anesthesia group. Of the 50 patients with orotracheal intubation, 33 demonstrated a reduced ability of maximal oral opening of up to 35% on the 1st postoperative day. Snapping of the TMJ was observed in 80% of the orotracheally intubated patients on the 1st postoperative day, which was 20% above the preoperative value. TMJ grinding showed no significant changes. Two of the 50 intubated patients complained of TMJ pain, another two had occlusal disturbances, and two had a reduced SKD. There were no detectable differences within the group of intubated patients regarding type of tube or experience of the anesthetist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Laryngeal and pharyngeal complaints following general anaesthesia are well-known problems. The frequency, extent, and intensity reported in several studies are at variance. Such transient postoperative problems should not be considered equivalent to traumatic airway injuries caused by endotracheal intubation. A decrease in the incidence of slight airway complications was to be expected with the introduction of low-pressure-cuff tubes, however a few studies have reported just the opposite result. This study was designed to investigate the incidence, intensity, and duration of postoperative airway symptoms with special emphasis on cuff construction (low-pressure-high-volume cuff (LPC) vs high-pressure-low-volume cuff (HPC)). Our double-blind study included 500 patients. The acceptance criteria were: operation outside the head and neck region, no throat pack or gastric tube. The subjects were divided randomly into five groups, each group consisting of 100 patients: Group A: red rubber tubes (HPC); Group B: latex-spiral tubes (HPC); Group C: PVC tubes (LPC); Group D: PVC tubes with rediffusion system (LPC); Group E: face mask. The patients of groups A-D underwent oral intubation using lidocaine gel 2%; adequate cuff inflation was determined just after intubation. The patients were questioned every 24 h for 2 days postoperatively using an analogue scale and "open" and "closed" questions. The single groups were comparable in age, sex, height, weight, number of smokers, duration of operation (only groups A-D), and preoperative diseases of the upper airways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)