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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in adults aged over 20 years in Changchun city, providing epidemiological data for treatment and prevention of the disease., Methods: 3,960 subjects were derived from a stratified cluster and random sampling of the population in two districts of Changchun city. They were asked to answer the questions from a questionnaire in their houses. According to the degree of snoring, 200 subjects with a snoring score >or= 2 degree were selected to undergo polysomnography for a whole night and the prevalence of the disease was estimated., Results: A total of 3,648 (97.64%) validated questionnaires was collected. Of them 31.00% had a snoring score >or= 2 degree, the prevalence was higher in males (40.07%) than in females (21.76%). The prevalence of snoring was higher in drivers (42.47%) than in other occupations. The estimated prevalence of OSAHS defined by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >or= 5, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) >or= 9 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) < 90% was 4.81%., Conclusions: The estimated prevalence of OSAHS in adults aged over 20 years in Changchun city was 4.81%. Doctors should pay more attention to the disease and the ordinary people should be informed of the health impact of snoring and OSAHS.

Aim: To investigate whether continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in different filtration rate to eliminate cytokines would result in different efficiency in acute pancreatitis, whether the saturation time of filter membrane was related to different filtration rate, and whether the onset time of CVVH could influence the survival of acute pancreatitis., Methods: Thirty-seven patients were classified into four groups randomly. Group 1 underwent low-volume CVVH within 48 h of the onset of abdominal pain (early CVVH, n = 9). Group 2 received low-volume CVVH after 96 h of the onset of abdominal pain (late CVVH, n = 10). Group 3 underwent high-volume CVVH within 48 h of the onset of abdominal pain (early CVVH, n = 9). Group 4 received high-volume CVVH after 96 h of the onset of abdominal pain (late CVVH, n = 9). CVVH was sustained for at least 72 h. Blood was taken before hemofiltration, and ultrafiltrate was collected at the start of CVVH and every 12 h during CVVH period for the purpose of measuring the concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. The concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were measured by swine-specific ELISA. The Solartron 1 255 B frequency response analyzer (British) was used to observe the resistance of filter membrane., Results: The survival rate had a significant difference (94.44% vs 68.42%, P<0.01) high-volume and low-volume CVVH patients. The survival rate had also a significant difference (88.89% vs 73.68%, P<0.05) between early and late CVVH patients. The hemodynamic deterioration (MAP, HR, CVP) was less severe in groups 4 and 1 than that in group 2, and in group 3 than in group 4. The adsorptive saturation time of filters membranes was 120-180 min if the filtration rate was 1 000-4 000 mL/h. After the first, second and third new hemofilters were changed, serum TNF-alpha concentrations had a negative correlation with resistance (r: -0.91, -0.89, and -0.86, respectively in group 1; -0.89, -0.85, and -0.76, respectively in group 2; -0.88, -0.92, and -0.82, respectively in group 3; -0.84, -0.87, and -0.79, respectively in group 4). The decreasing extent of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 was significantly different between group 3 and group 1 (TNF-alpha P<0.05, IL-1beta P<0.05, IL-6 P<0.01), between group 4 and group 2 (TNF-alpha P<0.05, IL-1beta P<0.05, IL-6 P<0.01), between group 1 and group 2 (TNF-alpha P<0.05, IL-1beta P<0.05, IL-6 P<0.05), and between group 3 and group 4 (TNF-alpha P<0.01, IL-1beta P<0.01, IL-6 P<0.05), respectively during CVVH period. The decreasing extent of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta was also significantly different between survival patients and dead patients (TNF-alpha P<0.05, IL-1beta P<0.05). In survival patients, serum concentration of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta decreased more significantly than that in dead patients., Conclusion: High-volume and early CVVH improve hemodynamic deterioration and survival in acute pancreatitis patients. High-volume CVVH can eliminate cytokines more efficiently than low-volume CVVH. The survival rate is related to the decrease extent of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. The adsorptive saturation time of filter membranes are different under different filtration rate condition. The filter should be changed timely once filter membrane adsorption is saturated.

Objective: To investigate the apoptosis induced by TRAIL, TRAIL-R and Fas-L in patients, Methods: The expression of TRAIL, TRAIL-R (DR4,DcR1) and Fas-L in ovarian cancer was detected with immunohistochemistry., Results: The levels of DR4 and DcR1 expression in ovarian carcinoma with ovarian carcinoma were lower than that of normal tissues. The positive rate of DR4 in well-differentiated ovarian carcinoma was significantly higher than that in poorly differentiated ovarian carcinoma (92.31% vs 54.55%, P < 0.05). The expression of TRAIL was significantly correlated with that of Fas-L (r = 0.777)., Conclusion: The expressions of DR4 and DcR1 are lower than that of normal tissues, and the expression of DR4 might be a prognostic factor in ovarian cancer.

Objective: To investigate blood pressure-lowering effect of rosiglitazone in overweight/obese non-diabetic patients with hypertension to explore the therapeutic role of insulin sensitizers in the management of essential hypertension., Methods: 89 cases of overweight/obese non-diabetics with essential hypertension were enrolled in a 4 weeks open label clinical trial. Rosiglitazone 8 mg/day were started 2 weeks after withdrawing previously used anti-hypertensive medications. Blood pressure was measured at the 2nd and 4th week. Plasma glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and at 4th week were also determined., Results: After 4 weeks treatment with rosiglitazone, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduced by 17 mm Hg (1mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) and 11 mm Hg, respectively. Plasma insulin levels at fasting, 1 and 2 hour during OGTT decreased by 27%, 35% and 41%, respectively (P < 0.001), whereas insulin sensitivity increased by 30% (P < 0.001). The amplitude of reduction of blood pressure was related to the baseline level of blood pressure and insulin sensitivity, and family history of hypertension., Conclusions: Rosiglitazone significantly reduces blood pressure in overweight and/or obese non-diabetic subjects with hypertension. Randomized controlled clinical trial is justified to confirm the therapeutic role of rosiglitazone in the management of non-diabetic essential hypertension.

Aim: To explore the expressions and significance of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the development of forestomach carcinoma in NIH mice induced with N-Nitrososarcosineethylester(NSEE)., Methods: 144 mice were divided into 6 groups and their stomachs were infused with NSEE. Then 24 mice were killed every two weeks and their forestomachs were used for the study of the expressions of Hsp70 and PCNA by immunohistochemical staining., Results: With the progress of carcinogenesis, the expression pattern of Hsp70 was up-down-up, but the expression trend was still increasing. On day 56 and day 70 after NSEE treatment, the expression level of Hsp70 was higher than that of control (P<0.05). On day 84, the expression level of Hsp70 was markedly higher than that of control (P<0.01). The expression of PCNA increased gradually with the carcinogenesis. As compared with the control, stronger expression was found on day 42 and day 56 (P<0.05) and notably stronger expression on day 84 (P<0.01). The expression of Hsp70 was positively correlated to that of PCNA (r=0.98, P<0.01)., Conclusion: In the development of forestomach carcinoma of NIH mice, the expressions of both Hsp70 and PCNA increased and were positively correlated with each other.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between G-protein beta(3) subunit (GNB(3)) gene polymorphism and essential hypertension, insulin resistance and obesity., Methods: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (Ins), lipid profile, and fibrinogen (Fib) were determined by convenient methods and the polymorphism of GNB(3) was detected by PCR-RFLP and sequencing in 376 individuals 187 first generation offsprings of hypertensives and 189 first generation offsprings of nonhypertensives in Daqing, China. The relationship between GNB(3) polymorphism and hypertension, insulin resistance was analyzed by univariate correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis with SAS software package., Results: (1) The frequency of CT/TT genotype of GNB(3) C825T was significantly higher in the first generation offsprings of the hypertensives than in the first generation offsprings of nonhypertensives (0.78:0.69, P = 0.06). (2) The insulin sensitivity index [IAI = 1/(FPG x FINS)] in the CT and TT genotype groups was significantly lower than that in the group with CC genotype. The blood pressure and BMI were significantly higher than those of the CC genotype. (3) IAI was correlated negatively with SBP in CT/TT genotype group (r = -0.3519, P = 0.0001), whereas this correlation was not significant in the CC genotype group (r = -0.0055, P = 0.931). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the median of IAI. In the group with the IAL higher than the median (LnIAI = -5.0016 +/- 0.1830) the SBP of the CT/TT genotype carriers was significantly higher than that of the CC genotype carriers (146 +/- 1.84 mm Hg vs 132 +/- 5.19 mm Hg, P < 0.05). In the group with the IAI lower than the median [IAI(2) = -4.1625 +/- 0.3716] the SBP of the CT/TT genotype carriers was not significantly different from that of the CC genotype carriers (136 +/- 2.4 mm Hg vs 133 +/- 2.0 mm Hg, P > 0.05). The comparison of diastolic pressure showed the similar result. (4) IAI had negatively correlation with SBP in CT/TT genotype carriers without hypertensive family history after controlling age and sex (r = -0.4864 P = 0.001), however, such correlation was not found in CC genotype carriers., Conclusion: CT and TT genotype of GNB(3) C825T was correlated with insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and BMI. GNB(3) C825T gene enhances the hypertensive effect of insulin resistance.

Objective: To investigate whether insulin resistance is the common route for hereditary and environmental factors to cause hypertension., Methods: 93 hypertensives with family history of hypertension, 94 hypertensives without family history of hypertension and 99 normal tensives without family history of hypertension as well as their spouse, and one child in each family were enrolled in the present study. Insulin sensitivity was calculated from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin (FINS) with the formula insulin sensitivity index (ISI) = 1/(FPG x FINS) and insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) = (FPG x FINS)/22.5. The contribution of insulin resistance to blood pressure elevation was investigated by multivariate regression analysis., Results: Subjects with essential hypertension, regardless of the presence or absence of family history of hypertension, were more insulin resistant. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that insulin resistance contributed to 17% of mean blood pressure (MBP) elevation, whereas taken FPG + total cholesterol (TC) + high density lipoprotein (HDL) together it explained only 9% of MBP changes in the indicator group. When family history of hypertension was included as a independent variable in the analysis, it became the most important factor instead of insulin resistance in the model and contributed to 30% of the changes of MBP, while contribution of insulin resistance was significantly reduced as to explain only 7% of the changes of MBP., Conclusions: Insulin resistance is a common route for hereditary and environmental factors to induce hypertension. It is suggested that improving insulin sensitivity may play an important role in the management of essential hypertension.