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670 results on '"shoot growth"'

651. Natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals shoot ionome, biomass, and gene expression changes as biomarkers for zinc deficiency tolerance

Author

Campos, Ana Carolina A.L., Kruijer, Willem, Alexander, Ross, Akkers, Robert C., Danku, John, Salt, David E., Aarts, Mark G.M., Campos, Ana Carolina A.L., Kruijer, Willem, Alexander, Ross, Akkers, Robert C., Danku, John, Salt, David E., and Aarts, Mark G.M.

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for plants, with a crucial role as a cofactor for many enzymes. Approximately one-third of the global arable land area is Zn deficient, leading to reduced crop yield and quality. To improve crop tolerance to Zn deficiency, it is important to understand the mechanisms plants have adopted to tolerate suboptimal Zn supply. In this study, physiological and molecular aspects of traits related to Zn deficiency tolerance were examined in a panel of 19 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Accessions showed a larger variation for shoot biomass than for Zn concentration, indicating that they have different requirements for their minimal Zn concentration required for growth. Accessions with a higher tolerance to Zn deficiency showed an increased expression of the Zn deficiency-responsive genes ZIP4 and IRT3 in comparison with Zn deficiency-sensitive accessions. Changes in the shoot ionome, as a result of the Zn treatment of the plants, were used to build a multinomial logistic regression model able to distinguish plants regarding their Zn nutritional status. This set of biomarkers, reflecting the A. thaliana response to Zn deficiency and Zn deficiency tolerance, can be useful for future studies aiming to improve the performance and Zn status of crop plants grown under suboptimal Zn concentrations.

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652. Natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals shoot ionome, biomass, and gene expression changes as biomarkers for zinc deficiency tolerance

Author

Campos, Ana Carolina A.L., Kruijer, Willem, Alexander, Ross, Akkers, Robert C., Danku, John, Salt, David E., Aarts, Mark G.M., Campos, Ana Carolina A.L., Kruijer, Willem, Alexander, Ross, Akkers, Robert C., Danku, John, Salt, David E., and Aarts, Mark G.M.

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for plants, with a crucial role as a cofactor for many enzymes. Approximately one-third of the global arable land area is Zn deficient, leading to reduced crop yield and quality. To improve crop tolerance to Zn deficiency, it is important to understand the mechanisms plants have adopted to tolerate suboptimal Zn supply. In this study, physiological and molecular aspects of traits related to Zn deficiency tolerance were examined in a panel of 19 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Accessions showed a larger variation for shoot biomass than for Zn concentration, indicating that they have different requirements for their minimal Zn concentration required for growth. Accessions with a higher tolerance to Zn deficiency showed an increased expression of the Zn deficiency-responsive genes ZIP4 and IRT3 in comparison with Zn deficiency-sensitive accessions. Changes in the shoot ionome, as a result of the Zn treatment of the plants, were used to build a multinomial logistic regression model able to distinguish plants regarding their Zn nutritional status. This set of biomarkers, reflecting the A. thaliana response to Zn deficiency and Zn deficiency tolerance, can be useful for future studies aiming to improve the performance and Zn status of crop plants grown under suboptimal Zn concentrations.

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653. Natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals shoot ionome, biomass, and gene expression changes as biomarkers for zinc deficiency tolerance

Author

Campos, Ana Carolina A.L., Kruijer, Willem, Alexander, Ross, Akkers, Robert C., Danku, John, Salt, David E., Aarts, Mark G.M., Campos, Ana Carolina A.L., Kruijer, Willem, Alexander, Ross, Akkers, Robert C., Danku, John, Salt, David E., and Aarts, Mark G.M.

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for plants, with a crucial role as a cofactor for many enzymes. Approximately one-third of the global arable land area is Zn deficient, leading to reduced crop yield and quality. To improve crop tolerance to Zn deficiency, it is important to understand the mechanisms plants have adopted to tolerate suboptimal Zn supply. In this study, physiological and molecular aspects of traits related to Zn deficiency tolerance were examined in a panel of 19 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Accessions showed a larger variation for shoot biomass than for Zn concentration, indicating that they have different requirements for their minimal Zn concentration required for growth. Accessions with a higher tolerance to Zn deficiency showed an increased expression of the Zn deficiency-responsive genes ZIP4 and IRT3 in comparison with Zn deficiency-sensitive accessions. Changes in the shoot ionome, as a result of the Zn treatment of the plants, were used to build a multinomial logistic regression model able to distinguish plants regarding their Zn nutritional status. This set of biomarkers, reflecting the A. thaliana response to Zn deficiency and Zn deficiency tolerance, can be useful for future studies aiming to improve the performance and Zn status of crop plants grown under suboptimal Zn concentrations.

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654. Biological Relationship of Meloidogyne hapla Populations to Alfalfa Cultivars.

Author

Griffin GD and Gray FA

Abstract

Greenhouse and growth chamber studies were established to determine if there are pathological and physiological differences among Meloidogyne hapla populations from California (CA), Nevada (NV), Utah (UT), and Wyoming (WY) on alfalfa cultivars classified as resistant or susceptible to root-knot nematodes. In the greenhouse, plant survival was not consistent with resistance classifications. While all highly resistant Nevada Synthetic germplasm (Nev Syn XX) plants survived inoculation with all nematode populations, two cultivars classified as moderately resistant ('Chief' and 'Kingstar') survived (P

Published
1995

655. Effects of exposure to ozone and water stress on the following season's growth of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).

Author

Pearson M and Mansfield TA

Abstract

Bud break and growth of beech trees were measured during the growing season of 1992. The trees had previously been exposed, through the growing season of 1991, to one of four treatments: (1) episodic ozone for 128 d, total dose = 46-3 ppm h; (2) air purified by filtration through Purified and charcoal; (3) ozone together with a period of water shortage: (4) filtered air with a period of water shortage. Despite uniform growth conditions during 1992. the previous water stress treatment caused bud break to begin slightly earlier, but the rates of shoot growth and the length of the first flush branches were reduced (40%). In well-watered plants ozone caused a reduced Tate of shoot growth during the first week after bud break. The total amount of growth during 1992 was shown to be reduced (36%) by the previous water stress treatment, In the case of the well-watered trees, exposure to ozone in the previous year reduced the amount of new growth by 17%, which was the result of reduced internal expansion. When ozone was combined with water stress, there was no further reduction in the amount of new growth, but there was a fall in the number of internodes relative to water-stressed plants grown in filtered air. Ozone and water stress applied singly reduced growth. A combination of the two stresses, however, caused no additional reduction in growth, but reduced the number of internodes. The possible implications of the aftereffects of these stresses are discussed in relation to reduced productivity and canopy structure.

Published
1994
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656. Root and Shoot Growth of Oryza sativa L. As Affected By Redox Potential

Author

Sekhon, N., Sur, H. S., and Singh, N. T.

Subjects
Root, Redox Potential, Shoot Growth
Abstract

This article 'Root and Shoot Growth of Oryza sativa L. As Affected By Redox Potential' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

Published
1988
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657. Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Placement on Root and Shoot Growth of Wetland Rice

Author

Jakhro, A. A.

Subjects
Wetland Rice, Root, Shoot Growth, Phosphorus Fertilizer
Abstract

This article 'Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Placement on Root and Shoot Growth of Wetland Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

Published
1983
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658. Changes in Shoot Growth in Response to Partial Submergence

Author

Singh, S. and Bhattacharjee, D. P.

Subjects
Partial Submergence, Shoot Growth
Abstract

This article 'Changes in Shoot Growth in Response to Partial Submergence' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

Published
1989
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661. Vigour reduction in girdled peach trees is related to lower midday stem water potentials

Author

Theodore M. DeJong, K. R. Day, Rebecca Phene, R. Scott Johnson, and Sergio Tombesi

Subjects
stem water potential, Ecophysiology, Water flow, Vegetative reproduction, fungi, girdling, food and beverages, Xylem, Plant Science, shoot growth, Biology, Basal shoot, Horticulture, Girdling, Botany, Shoot, Settore AGR/03 - ARBORICOLTURA GENERALE E COLTIVAZIONI ARBOREE, Phloem, Agronomy and Crop Science, peach tree
Abstract

Stem or trunk girdling is a technique used in physiological studies and in horticultural practice for interrupting carbon flow through the phloem to other parts of the plant without influencing water flow in the xylem. Trunk girdling in peaches is practiced primarily to stimulate fruit growth but it also tends to decrease shoot vigour for a period of time after girdling. Water flow through the trunk or branches of peach trees is thought to be primarily dependent on the most recently formed ring of xylem and vegetative growth is closely related to stem water potential and stem hydraulic conductance. The aim of the present work was to determine whether vigour reduction due to girdling was correlated with a reduction in midday stem water potential during the period of time between girdling and the subsequent healing of stem tissue. ‘Springcrest’ peach trees were girdled on two different dates. Fruit yield and size, water sprout growth, proleptic shoot growth and stem water potential were measured. Early and late girdled trees yielded larger fruits and fewer and shorter water sprouts in comparison with control trees. Midday stem water potential declined significantly after girdling and gradually recovered until the time of fruit harvest. These results suggest that the vigour reduction of girdled trees is related to a decrease of midday stem water potential caused by girdling. Early tree girdling increased the reduction in midday stem water potential and shoot growth compared with the later girdling treatment. These results point out that even though girdling only removes bark and phloem tissue it can apparently affect water flow in xylem.

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