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One of virus strains, isolated from Japanese cattle and serologically identified as bovine respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, was examined. The virus was shown to be an RNA virus with a buoyant density of 1.225, filtrable through a Sartorius membrane filter of 200 nm pore size but not through a 100 or 50 nm filter, sensitive to ether, chloroform and deoxycholate, readily inactivated by trypsin, labile at 56 C and 37 C but stable at −80 C, rapidly inactivated at pH 3.0, and resistant to freeze-thawing. These properties are compatible with those previously reported for RS virus of human and bovine origin.

Virus strain No. 12, one of the new isolates from Japanese cattle described previously, was studied for its physicochemical properties. The new isolate was shown to be very small in size by centrifugation and filtration, being filtrable through Millipore filters of 50 mμ pore size. It appears to be an RNA virus as its replication was not inhibited by 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine. The virus was readily inactivated by ether and deoxycholate, and partially by trypsin; was labile at pH 3, not stabilized by 1 m MgCl2 at 50 C, was inactivated by ultraviolet, and withstood repeated freeze-thawing. Further it was readily inactivated at 56 C but more slowly at 37 C, and was stable at lower temperatures. These findings support the identification of the isolated virus as the bovine diarrhea (BD) virus. The properties of BD virus, i.e. size, type of nucleic acid, ether, chloroform and deoxycholate sensitivities, and acid lability, appear to be similar to those of arboviruses. The trypsin sensitivity of BD virus is similar to the B group of arboviruses, which, unlike the A group, sensitive to trypsin. For the classification of BD virus as well as hog cholera virus, which is closely related, further elucidation of properties, fine structure of the virion, etc., is needed.

Ibaraki virus multiplied and induced cytopathic effects in primary cell cultures of bovine, sheep and hamster kidney and chick embryo, and cultures of BHK21-WI2 cells of baby hamster kidney origin and mouse fibroblastic L cells, but did not in primary cultures of horse and swine kidney cells and HeLa cell cultures. The virus was readily passaged serially in 4 to 5-day-old eggs using the yolk sac inoculation and incubation at 33.5 C. The viral growth was better in eggs incubated at 33.5 C than 37 C, and in younger eggs, with high yields in yolk, yolk sac and embryo. The virus was passaged serially in newborn mice by the intracerebral route. The virus multiplied in the brain of mice of any age, but younger mice supported better viral growth and developed encephalitis. As the age of mice increased, the morbidity and mortality became lower, no deaths being observed in 2 to 3-week-old mice. These observations in cell cultures, embryonated eggs and mice emphasize the similarity of Ibaraki virus to bluetongue virus. No evidence was obtained that young adult rabbits and weanling guinea pigs are susceptible to Ibaraki virus. The virus seemed to have little if any pathogenicity but infectivity of a low grade for sheep, while the virus is capable of inducing clinical illness, even severe in some instances, in cattle. This is in contrast to bluetongue virus which is highly pathogenic for sheep and much less so for cattle. Serial passages in embryonated eggs and suckling mice resulted in attenuation for cattle of Ibaraki virus.

Bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus propagated in calf kidney (BK) cell cultures was examined by negative contrast and thin section electron microscopy.

Laser trapping, which was first demonstrated in 1970 by Ashkin and is well-known as optical tweezers, is a powerful micro- or nano-manipulation tool suitable for a closed working space such as a Lab-on-a-Chip, since it enables the manipulation of micron-sized objects without physical contact, in contrast to a mechanical micro-manipulator using a glass capillary. However, the control and vision systems of a conventional laser trapping system are insufficient to manipulate the objects in 3-dimensional space, if the intention is to dexterously or automatically manipulate the objects in real-time. We have developed an optical tweezers system with an excellent user-interface and real-time image processing functions. In the present paper, a concept of automated noncontact micromanipulation based on visual information and fields suitable for its application are proposed, and the system configuration of the developed system is described. The results of several demonstrations, namely the automated arrangement of micro-beads and micron-sized non-spherical objects, are also described. In our automated manipulation experiment, the micro-beads dispersed in water are detected by a real-time image processing technique, and then trapped and transported to be arranged in desired patterns. In the other experiments, whiskers and diatoms of non-spherical shape suspended in water are automatically detected and stably trapped by the simultaneous irradiation with multiple trapping beams.

Cyclic octapeptide, cyclo[Gly-L-Lys(Z)-Sar-L-Pro]2 (CGLSP2) was synthesized as an ionophore model. Its ion-transport ability through a liquid membrane was investigated in connection with ion extractability and conformational properties. CGLSP2 transported the picrate salts of Ba2+ and Ca2+ efficiently through chloroform membrane in a U-tube (Ba2+> Ca2+ > K+ > Rb+ > Mg2+> Na+). Cyclo[Gly-L-Lys(Z)-Sar-L-Pro] or Boc-[Gly-L-Lys(Z)-Sar-L-Pro]n-OR (n = 1 or 2; R = H or CH3) showed a significant decrease in ion-transport ability. Extraction equilibrium constants (Kex) of CGLSP2 with metal picrates were determined in chloroform-water system. In this case, CGLSP2/cation complexes were found to have a stoichiometry of 1:1. The Kex sequences were Ba2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ and K+ > Rb+ > Na+, showing good agreement with the selectivity in ion transport. Conformation of CGLSP2 in chloroform (CDC13) was investigated by 1H and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Predominant conformation takes a C2 -symmetric structure containing two cis Lys-Sar peptide bonds. Upon complexation with Ca2+ in CDC13/CD3CN mixture (5/3, v/v), the conformation of CGLSP2 converged into a single C2 -symmetric one that was predominant in a free state in CDC13.

Co-allocation of performance-guaranteed computing and network resources provided by several administrative domains is one of the key issues for constructing a QoS-guaranteed Grid. We propose an advance reservation-based co-allocation algorithm for both computing and network resources on a QoS-guaranteed Grid, modeled as an integer programming (IP) problem. The goal of our algorithm is to create reservation plans satisfying user resource requirements as an on-line service. Also the algorithm takes co-allocation options for user and resource administrator issues into consideration. We evaluate the proposed algorithm with extensive simulation, in terms of both functionality and practicality. The results show: The algorithm enables efficient coallocation of both computing and network resources provided by multiple domains, and can reflect reservation options for resource administrators issues as a first step. The calculation times needed for selecting resources using an IP solver are acceptable for an on-line service.

Dynamic microarrays have great flexibility and potential as sensing instruments for advanced research in diagnostics and biomedical fields. In contrast with static microarrays, such as DNA-chips using micro-spots of biomolecules, dynamic microarrays use mobile substrata, usually micro/nano-beads coated with bio-molecules. To realize dynamic microarrays, advanced bead handling techniques are essential, allowing for the transportation of selected beads and their immobilization for signal detection. The use of multibeam optical tweezers is one of the most suitable techniques for the arranging and handling of numerous micro/nanobeads. For the dynamic formation of massive micro-bead arrays, we have developed a hybrid system consisting of techniques using two optical tweezers, the GPC method and a mechanical scanning method, using a single laser beam source. In the present paper, four typical examples of massive dynamical arrays are demonstrated: 1) the assembly of a 10×10 micro-bead array and the handling of its elements, 2) the enlargement, shrinking and rotation of a 7×7 array, 3) the assembly of a two-colored 7×7 array, and 4) the assembly of two sets of a 4×4 array. We also describe the configuration of the hybrid optical tweezers system.

We improved the force modulation mode with scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in order to make a quantitative evaluation of the viscoelasticity of living cells. Taking account of the viscosity of liquid medium, the vibration frequency of the cantilever was selected to be 500 Hz, and analysis of cantilever vibration was adopted for evaluation of the viscoelasticity of the samples. Consequently, we have succeeded in determining viscoelasticity distribution on living cells. The values of Young's modulus and the coefficient of viscosity vary from 10 to 50 kPa and from 20 to 40 Pa·s on a cell, depending on its internal cellular structure.

A highly effiecient, stereoselective synthesis of the insect pheromone (±)-4-methylheptan-3-ol, 4 steps from 1,3-pentadiene with an overall yield of 69.3%, has been achieved using a Lewis-acid catalyzed addition reaction of an allyltin and propanal.

Al/vacuum-deposited dye/Ag(or Au) photocells prepared by using four kinds of coumarin dyes indicate that a Schottky barrier formed at an Al/dye interface is the origin of their photovoltaic effects. Quantum yields of the short-circuit photocurrent of 0.05–0.77% and the photovoltages of 0.30–0.95 V were obtained under 0.1 mW/cm2 light.

The lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) is one of the branches of the deep femoral artery. In the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, the LFCA has been used to supply composite tissue of skin and/or muscle. 1-3 The LFCA has three major branches: the ascending, transverse, and descending branches. The descending branch of the LFCA passes downward through the intermuscular space between the rectus femoris muscle and the vastus lateralis muscle and finally terminates in the vastus muscle near the knee joint, The descending branches of the LFCA have a very large diameter (2 to 3 ram) and do not taper like those of the radial arteries. 3 The descending branch of the LFCA has an attractive caliber and length. We report the first case in which a descending branch of the LFCA was used as a graft for myocardial revascularization. A 77-year-old woman had a 7-month history of increasing angina on exertion. ElectrocardiOgraphic changes were consistent with effort angina. Cardiac catheterization revealed a 99% stenosis of the proximal right coronary artery and a 75% stenosis of the middle third of the left anterior descending coronary artery. For this patient, we had planned to perform coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): a left internal thoracic artery (LITA) in situ to the left anterior descending coronary artery and a saphenous vein graft to the right coronary artery. However, the saphenous vein had varices and was unacceptably thin. We also decided to avoid grafting the right internal thoracic artery to the right coronary artery for this elderly woman because devascularization of the sternum suggested a greater risk of sternal wound infections with the use of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts. We concluded that the descending branch of the LFCA could be used to bypass the right coronary artery. We had evaluated the descending branches of the LFCA bilaterally by means of a femoral arteriogram 5 days before this operation. The arteriogram showed a good qUality vessel Without stenosis (Fig. 1). The descending branch of the left LFCA was harvested

4-Chlorobiphenyl was effectively dechlorinated by near u.v.-visible light in the presence of both an aliphatic amine as an electron donor and anthracene or a derivative as a photo-catalyst.

The asymmetric halogenation and hydrohalogenation of olefins have been achieved in the microcrystals of cyclodextrin complexes which act as chiral matrices.

SUMMARY. Thirteen monoclonal antibodies against avian reovirus strain Uchida were derived. Of the 13 antibodies, three (MAbl, MAb2, and MAb3) had the ability to neutralize the infectivity of the virus. MAbl neutralized strains Uchida, CS-108, and TS-142 equally. MAb2 neutralized the same three strains, but the activity of neutralization was 10 times higher against Uchida than against CS-108 and TS-142. MAb3 neutralized only strain Uchida. It seems that MAbl and MAb2 have a rather broad neutralization activity and that MAb3 has a type-specific activity. These data indicate that there are both type-specific and more broadly specific neutralization epitopes in avian reovirus particles, as in mammalian reoviruses. In Western blot analysis, MAb 1 bound to a sigma protein of strain Uchida, so it was suggested that this protein carries the epitope of the less specific neutralizing activity.

with the neoplasm seems indisputable, as there was some regression of virilism after its removal and the significantly elevated urinary l?-ketosteroids returned to normal levels. There was no recurrence of virilism or rise in urinary 17ketosteroids when the carcinoma recurred and metastasized, indicating that the source of the steroids was not the neoplastic cells and was presumably the pale swollen sudanophilic stromal cells. There was no cortical hyperplasia, hyperthecosis, or stromal luteinization in the opposite ovary and thus the stromal reaction in the ovary with the neoplasm must have been a direct response to the neoplastic cells. An example of embryonal carcinoma of ovary in a 3 1 -year-old woman is reported which caused masculinization and elevation of urinary 17-ketosteroid levels. There was some regression of masculinized features after removal of the neoplasm and a return of urinary 17-ketosteroid levels to normal. The endocrinopathy was attributed to the activity of lutcinized cells in the ovarian derived stroma in and at the periphery the neoplasm.