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This article describes the happy intersection of a philosophy of life and its recommended approach to teaching and learning and the need for educational reform in Indonesia. The philosophy is called Deep-Dialogue/Critical-Thinking and is the fruit of two professors, Ashok Gangadean and Leonard Swidler, who have set up the Global Dialogue Institute in Philadelphia to teach and to propagate the philosophy. In collaboration with UNICEF, this Institute is working with the Indonesian government to develop a programme whereby primary school teachers will learn to apply the principles of Deep-Dialogue/Critical-Thinking to their work. Given the cultural and religious diversity of this country, this approach to teaching will serve the aims of non-coercive national unity.

This article outlines the process behind Britain's 1958 decision to export Fairey Gannet aircraft to Indonesia. The decision has not previously attracted scholarly attention. The decision to export arms to Indonesia is of particular interest because of its complexity. Britain had difficult relations with the Indonesian government that led to 'Confrontation' in 1963. This relationship was further complicated by the United States' volte-face in its relations with Indonesia and the emergence of the Soviet Union as the Indonesians' major arms supplier. The article is a contribution to the literature on the Macmillan government that concentrates on a detailed technical issue rather than on grand strategy. It concludes, nevertheless, that the dictates of diplomacy rather than commerce governed decision-making. The article draws on documents detailing the role of the inter-departmental machinery for regulating arms exports based in the Ministry of Defence and those relating to the involvement of the prime minist...

The economic justification for public expenditure is especially strong in the case of environmental management. Yet expenditures on environmental management have received little attention in public expenditure reviews by the World Bank and other international development organisations. An initial analysis of environmental expenditures in the Indonesian government budget between FY1994/95 and FY1998/99 yields four basic findings. First, most spending in the nominal environmental sector, sector 10 (Environment and Spatial Planning), is on non-environmental activities, and much environmental expenditure occurs in other budget sectors. Second, environmental expenditures fell sharply in real terms during the economic crisis, to levels far below those in FY94/95. Third, they also fell sharply relative to the budget and to GDP. Finally, environmental expenditures declined more in Indonesia during the economic crisis than in Malaysia, Thailand and Korea, relative to both the budget and GDP.

Beach abrasion is one of the national disasters that concern the Indonesian government. This disaster has resulted in adverse coastline changes in West Sumatra Province. The mainland area has been lost for hundreds meters due to abrasion. A field study has been conducted and found that beach without vegetations is very vulnerable to abrasion than the beach with vegetations. In some place, abrasion protection has been done by using hard structures but this way is not natural and attractive. A field investigation also found that several types of endemic beach vegetation in West Sumatra can live for decades till now. This condition shows that beach vegetations can be used for beach protection purposes against abrasion. This study describes the mechanism of vegetation root in protecting beaches against abrasion using numerical simulation. Engineering parameters for modeling were obtained from mechanical testing of beach sand samples. The simulation results show that vegetation roots give the unity effect to the surrounding sand into a large mass. This unified soil mass that come down into the bottom provides mechanical resistance against the pull force. The simulation results explain the root mechanism of vegetation in protecting beach against of abrasion

The creation of policy is one of the prerogatives of a free and uninhibited (freies ermessen, or free discretion) government administrations. Although freies ermessen grants free authority to the government, within the framework of national the law said the government should still observe legislation and the Principles of Good Governance. However, at the implementation level, there are still many policies that which are difficult to put into effect due to ambiguous interpretation and conflicts of interest, thus resulting in legal uncertainty. Based on this, there needs to be an affirmation of the position taken by the Indonesian government regarding the contradictory relationship between written law and implementation, so as to ensure the appropriate application of the principles of freies ermessen. Keywords: Policy Rules, Freies Ermessen, Legislatin, Good Governance Principles

Indonesia has the highest prevalence of smoking (50.68%) compared to other ASEAN countries. On January 1st, 2017, the Indonesian government raised cigarette excise taxes. The purpose of this study was to analysis the impact of cigarette excise increase on cigarette consumption among adolescents aged 17 to 25 years. The study design used cross-sectional survey. A total of 153 adolescents were recruited in this study through simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires and observation papers were used in this study. A face-to-face interview was conducted to fulfill the data collection through home visit for each respondent. The data were obtained during May – June 2017. This study used paired t test analysis. The number of cigarettes consumed by adolescent decreased significantly by two cigarettes per day after the increase in cigarette excise tax. There is a significant difference of the average cigarettes price based on the brand after the implementation of cigarette excise tax increase, the difference of cigarette price is IDR 200 per stick of cigarettes after excise tax increase. Increased cigarette excise taxes may affect the increasing of cigarette prices. Threfore, it could reduce the number of cigarette consumption.

Established Law No. 5 of 1999 on the prohibition of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition can not be separated from IMF pressure on the Indonesian government on the government to combat monopolistic practices and unfair business competition that occurred in Indonesia by immediately enacting the legislation. The purpose of this study is analyzing the telecommunications industry price war that occurs between the Telkomsel operator and Indosat Ooredoo against unfair competition. The method used in this research is descriptive method of analysis. Data used are secondary data. Results of analysis showed that Indosat Ooredoo trying to overthrow the corporate image Telkomsel in their campaign fare Rp. 1,0 and Telkomsel operator also negotiate interconnection prices unfair to Indosat Ooredoo. Keywords: Unfair Competition, Monopolistic, Telecommunications Industry

The issue of polygamy is a hot issue that to be debated continuesly. One side polygamy is claimed as exploitation and hegemony of male to female. On the other hand, polygamy is seen have normative reference and it considered as one of the solutions to solve the problems of in infidelity and prostitution. The Indonesian government has been reform the rules of polygamy. In KHI, although it adheres to the principle of monogamy, but the government is still open opportunity for polygamy. However, this rule of KHI is critized bythe dayah scholars of North Aceh. The overview of Ulama dayah is that polygamy rules made by the government out of the Shari’a corridors. Also that issueto be politicied and adopt the rules of the west to complicate polygamy practise and legalized prostitution. Therefor, this study aim to examine and analyze the rules of KHI regarding polygamy from sharia aspect, social, cultural, welfare and others. Also, analyze and critize the views and thoughts of dayah scholar about the rules of polygamy in KHI.

The purpose of the current study is to analyze the characteristics of Indonesian industrial sectors from 2005 through 2010. The study employs the analysis instruments from the Input-Output (IO) analysis, namely the indices of the power of dispersion, and the sensitivity of dispersion. For 2005 and 2010, the study focuses on nine and seventeen industries, respectively. The results show that industry 3, manufacturing, placed the quadrant I on the analysis period. The fact shows that, from 2005 through 2010, the industry had a strong influence on the Indonesian economic activities, and received high impacts from the external aspects. In other words, the industry has great potency for the Indonesian economy. From the results one can also see that sector 4, electricity and gas, included in the quadrant I in 2010. This fact explains that the sector has also great potency for the economic activities of Indonesia. Thus, the Indonesian government should prioritize the industries development.

Kemajuan teknologi telah mendorong perubahan buku ke era digital. Bahkan pemerintah Indonesia dalam hal ini Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan telah menerapkannya dalam bentuk buku elektronik sekolah atau biasa disebut BSE. Akan tetapi, e-book atau BSE di sekolah-sekolah sekarang ini, masih memiliki kelemahan-kelemahan yang patut disempurnakan. Salah satunya melalui e-book dalam format flipbook. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan media sains flipbook dalam pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dilaksanakan di kelas V SDN Cemara Dua Surakarta, SDN Mangkubumen Lor No.15 Surakata, dan SDN Mangkubumen Kidul No.16 Surakarta tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi data atau sumber yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumenter. Analisis data yang dilakukan dimulai dari tahap pengumpulan data, pereduksian data, penyajian data, sampai dengan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media sains flipbook dalam pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar dapat digunakan secara maksimal apabila Sekolah Dasar tersebut memiliki fasilitas atau sarana yang mendukung, seperti PC, LCD, dan sound sistem serta sumber daya guru dan siswa yang baik dalam bidang teknologi minimum menguasai keterampilan dasar pengoperasian komputer. Selain itu, penggunaan media flipbook harus digunakan sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang ingin dicapai, sehingga keefektifan penggunaan media flipbook dapat dirasakan secara optimal

The MMM presence in Indonesia is becoming very popular because it promises a fantastic profit. Although covered by mutual-aid mode, not a few who perceive it as an investment business. Having observed the rapid development of the MMM as a new investment scheme, the researcher is driven to conduct a study on the economics perspective on the MMM. The objective of this research is to describe the practice of MMM-Indonesia and to review it from economics perspective.This study belongs to qualitative study with the descriptive-empirical approach. The informants were 4 MMM national top-leaders, a manager, a victim, and a new member. The methods of data collection used were preliminary survey, literature studies, interviews and observation. The data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique.The result of the study shows that MMM-Indonesia practice pyramid scheme, Ponzi scheme, and money game in its system. The research concludes that Indonesian government is unaware of the existence of this scheme threat and does no action against it. The study also concludes that the practice of MMM-Indonesia is incompatible with economics theories.The author suggests that the Indonesian government must ban the practice of the MMM as it is a threat to national economic growth and stability. The author suggests other researchers to do further research on the server, moderator, administrator, and company management of the MMM.Keywords: Economics, MMM, Ponzi Scheme, Pyramid Scheme

Social entrepreneurship in Indonesia faced the trend of opportunity negligence for local people to participate in tourism development in their area. The positive economic impact of tourism often enjoys by outsiders. This paper examines the challenges in the implementation of social entrepreneurship in Madura, includes challenges faced by the Madurese community in developing their social entrepreneur spirit and business. This study draws on in-depth interviews held with 31 residents. It was found that social entrepreneurship is mostly initiated by the local people. Lack of support from the government in developing social entrepreneurship is reported by the participants as one challenge they face in developing social entrepreneurship. Findings of this study are inconsistent with the assumption that local community participation in tourism is paramount in tourism development. These findings will serve a ‘wake-up call’ for the Indonesian government to pay more attention to incorporate the local community in tourism development process, particularly in giving the locals a room to develop their social entrepreneur spirits as well as providing adequate support for their social entrepreneurship business to grow.

This paper is attempted to describe Indonesian policy in dealing with Rohingya Refugees inAceh in 2015. This paper took the specific interest on securitization of migration theory to analyzethe issue. This paper sketches three important points regarding Indonesian policy to solve the Rohingyarefugees problems in Aceh. First, Indonesian Government will make new policy by adjustingthe existing legislation on refugees. Second, Indonesia will accommodate the displaced Rohingyapeople. Third, Indonesian Government will work together with international community to solvethe problems of Rohingya refugees.Keywords: Indonesian Policy, Rohingya Refugees, Securitization of Migration

The paper explores the history of Social Responsibility (SR) in Indonesia, highlighting the role of the Indonesian government as both a driver of SR as well as key player. The central role of the state in Indonesian SR, it is argued, reflects government enterprises were central to the economy, and the immediate post-independence period, when SOEs were used as a means of displacing Dutch interests. Continued government influence is found in Indonesian regulations that since 2007 have explicitly. An understanding of the Indonesian government 's SR role helps fill the comparative void in the SR historical literature dealing with the Third World.

This study assesses the level of achievement of the information society through the implementation of the program KIM. KIM is the Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat which is a program of the Indonesian government to seek the realization of the information society in Indonesia. KIM is designed as a group formed independently so that the development will be an independent community group. The purpose of this study was to see how the achievement of the information society through the implementation of the program is reviewed KIM. So as to provide input to the government related to how the achievement of the information society and also related input KIM program. With a qualitative research approach, the method used in this research is a case study. The case studies carried out in two different areas of the rural areas and urban areas in East Java. Based on the results obtained, that the condition of the people is still far from the realization of the information society. The condition of society is still at the level of society aware of the information, even in rural areas there are still many people who are less aware of the information. It is caused by the KIM program implementation is still less than the maximum. There are many obstacles, so that the KIM program requires evaluation to achieve program objectives which is to make the people of Indonesia as an information society.

Since 2006, the Indonesian government published its policy of Children-Friendly City (KLA-Kota Layak Anak) to expedite the effort to protect the children. The implementation of this policy is supported by the government institution, companies, society, and academics. Companies playa significant role in creating Children-Friendly City using the CSR program from, among others, PT. Telkom and XL with the internet from which the children can get information they need, despite its positive and negative impacts on their behavior. This is a descriptive qualitative research using focus group discussion (FGD) and interviews to collect the data. Telkom and XL through CSR exerts both positive and negative impacts. The positive impact is that it is easier for the children to get information they need, while the negative is that the children spend most of their time at the computer accessing information which is inappropriate for their age. It is family, the government, and the companies that have responsibility to guide and supervise the children to use IT safely.

In an effort to reduce maternal mortality, the Indonesian government launched the Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival (EMAS) program. One of its main objectives is to strengthen the referral system that can help in emergency situation and healthcare during pregnancy by using information and communication technology (ICT). It is implemented through such sub-programs as SIJARIEMAS, SIGAPKU, SIPPP, and SMSBunda. Brebes has the highest rate of maternal mortality in Central Java, which is included in the EMAS program. This paper aims to identify the effectiveness of SMSBunda in communicating with pregnant women in Brebes. From focus group discussion with pregnant women, the result showed that SMSBunda has not been taken seriously and people still rely more on their community for information related to their pregnancy.

The sovereignty is the highest attribute of a state that should be respected by another states. In any situation it must not be violated by others but the result of this research shows that F-18 Hornet air craft is state air craft has done a sovereignty collision over Indonesian air space with fly without permission of Indonesian government and made some manuver in civil flight line that endangered the safety of navigation of civil air craft aviation. This reserch also shows that the military strenght of USA is bigger than Indonesian’s, influence the sovereignty colission over Indonesian air space, made by F-18 Hornet. Therefore in the international relationship between states, then diplomatic settlement is the best way to choose. Beside that, it is important to determine the limit between air space and outer space, then coul be knew how far the souvereingty of a state over air space. Keywords: air craft; air law; sovereignty

Sea Highway is one of the Indonesian government’s programs that aimed at reducing price disparities that occur between the West Indonesia (especially Java) and the East Indonesia with the use of sea transport. The government appointed PT Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (PELNI) to run the Sea Highway program started from November 2015 by providing ships with the scheduled system from the western of Indonesia to the eastern of Indonesia and vice versa. This study was held to analyze the implementation of the PT PELNI’s Sea Highway program especially in aspects of routes, frequency, and volume of the transported vessel, which only restricted from Surabaya to Eastern Indonesia’s route. The results show that the route and frequency of Sea Highway are running consistently, while the volume is increasing if it’s compare with the first time it started. The 3 aspects of Sea Highway (route, frequency, volume) influence each other; therefore it’s suggested for government to improve the efficiency of those three aspects so the Sea Highway’s purpose in reducing price disparities in Eastern Indonesia can be achieved maximally. Moreover, the research results also show that Sea Highway program never takes the private shipping company’s commercial route .

Objective: This pilot study aimed to describe the difficulties and educational needs of Indonesian midwives working in a government hospital and thereby propose possible solutions towards improving the quality of childbirth care.Methods: This study had a qualitative exploratory design. Focus group discussions were conducted with 22 Indonesian midwives working in a government hospital. Data were analyzed using content analysis.Results: These Indonesian midwives felt they faced difficulties in providing quality care such as “shortage of resources to provide health services”, “lack of resources for professional continuing education”, “insufficient evidence-based practice”, “difficulty in providing care due to cultural background”, and “challenges teaching students”. Therefore, these difficulties contributed to their uncertainty about the quality of the care they could provide. They desired continuing education to update their knowledge and skills and fill the gap between theory and actual practice. They wanted more in-depth information about “pregnancy”, “delivery”, “puerperium”, “neonates”, and “emergencies”. These topics reflected the wide range of care needed by the diverse group of Indonesian women who visited government hospital.Conclusions: Indonesian midwives working in a government hospital had difficulties in providing quality care for women with different needs and backgrounds due to the shortage of midwives, and lack of hospital beds and lack of essential equipment. Even though midwives wanted to learn or update their knowledge and skills to fill the gap between theory they learned in school and the demands of actual practice, the opportunity to have training was very limited.

Raskin is one of the Indonesian government programs that have been implemented since 2002, aimed at reducing the burden of expenditure of poor households as a form of support to improve the food security of society. However, in practice often the target of five right is not reached or less effective and efficient. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the distribution of Raskin to get to the target beneficiary households (RTS-PM) Raskin. Jatinangor District and BuahduaDistrict. The design study is quantitative descriptive survey techniques. Sampling techniques Two--stage random cluster sampling, with 82 recipients Raskin. The results of the study concluded that overall assessment of the effectiveness of RTS-PM Raskin distribution is effective (a weighted average of 2.94). While per indicator: in terms of targeting accuracy of 2.29 (not exact), the accuracy of the amount of 1.96 (not exact), the accuracy of the price 3.65 (right), timeliness of 3.80 (right) and accuracy of quality 3.05 (quite rightly). Raskin distribution efficiency level of 0.025, then the distribution of Raskin in Sumedang can be said to be efficient. If compared beetwen JatinangorDistrict and Buahdua District, then the implementation of Raskin in District Jatinangor more effectively and efficiently than in the District Buahdua.

The high growth of human activity potentially increases the number of vehicles and the use of fossil fuels that contribute the increase of CO2 emissions in atmosphere. Controlling CO2 emission that causes greenhouse effect becomes the main agenda of Indonesian Government. The first step control CO2 emissions is by measuring the level of CO2 emissions, especially CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption in the transport sector. This research aims to assess the level of CO2 emissions from transportation sector on the main roads in the city centre of Pemalang both in weekdays and weekend days. The methods applied to calculate CO2 emissions using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 method. For this, a survey on the number of vehicles passing through the main roads using hand tally counter is firstly done. The results, CO2 emissions in working day, i.e. 49,006.95 tons/year compared to weekend i.e. 38,865.50 tons/year.

In combating Illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries has several times issued the ministerial decisions to revoke SIKPI (Surat Izin Kapal Pengangkut Ikan)/fish-transportation vessel license. In practice, some Indonesian fishery companies charter foreign-flag vessels to be used as fish-transportation vessel. In such cases, how is the legal status of the foreign-flag vessels when their SIKPI licenses have been revoked by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries? In many cases, after revoking the SIKPI, the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries “arrests” the vessels. Could the Indonesian Government "arrest" the vessels? What are the legal risks that could possibly arise?

The researcher classified whistleblowing system, its protection in Indonesia, and compared it with practices in the United States of America (USA). The researcher used the qualitative descriptive method with secondary data, such as legislation, news, articles from competent internet sources, journals, books and presentation materials that related to whistleblowers. It finds that whistleblowing has been proven as one of most effective way to nurture good corporate government. On the other hand, it demands the proper protection for its blowers. This research suggested Indonesian government to improve whistleblowing system through comprehensive legislations and coordination among related institutions. Witness and Victim Protection Agency (Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban/LPSK) have a vital role in improving support for the reporters.

Indonesian Government announced to the cigarette industrial to showed pictorical warning on cigarette packs. The goal was to reduce amount of Indonesian smoker. This research was conducted at Yogyakarta among of smoker adolescents (200 samples). Hypothesis test was formed by using software PLS (Partial Least Square) and t-test with software SPSS. Their behavior was on action stage of behavior steps was to reduce smoking frequently.. Based on research we got conclusion that there are significant influence between knowledge and risk perception with attitude and behavior as intervening variable. Although, cognitive dissonance theory couldn’t enough explain with altogether.Keywords: knowledge, risk perception, behavior, attitude

Indonesia is facing plenty of environmental issues. Stakeholders, including national government, environmental activists, international organizations, have been struggling to respond to these issues. Inclusion of environmental education in all level of school in Indonesia, green school and Adiwiyata program are some of the efforts that Indonesian government has done to address environmental issues in the country. This research focuses more on how to accelerate the improvement of knowledge, attitude and behavior/action toward the environment of the 340 students in four schools near Cikapundung River in Bandung. Questionnaires were distributed to explore knowledge, attitude and behavior/action of these students about waste management in general, namely 3R (Recycle, Reuse and Reduce), type of waste, separation of waste, usage of waste, waste bank, etc. This research showed that conducting workshops improves knowledge, attitude and behavior/action of the students who participated. There are other important aspects that make environmental education more successful, effective and efficient.

A public policy in Indonesia tends to be implemented insufficiently good, although a public policy making process has been undertaken sequentially. One of factors is the neglected research results, particularly a social or policy research has not become yet as a main consideration for the policy makers. They tend using an intuition consideration and a personal experience rather than using the research results in determining a new public policy. Unfortunately, majority of policy makers use a political and economic consideration in each of stages of policy making process to fulfill the various elite interests, not for public as a whole. Important to be known that a evidence-based policy can create a sound public policy. It is a policy to resolve the recent problems, to minimize the mistakes/failures, and giving a bright wish for people in the future. The aim of this sound public policy is to hoist the image and trust of Indonesian Government in the perspective of Indonesian and foreign people currently.

The Indonesian government has launched a 9-year compulsory education program for all students in Indonesia. The word "all" should have been touching all levels of society including the blind students. However, the fact shows different condition. Many schools still refuse to accept the blind students. In addition, some facilities like braille books for the blind students are also still limited while these books become the main pillar of education. They still become such "luxury stuffs" for the blind students in Indonesia.The cost of producing Braille books equals with fourfold financing regular books. This is because the Braille books need heavier papers, approximately 120 grams for every sheet of paper. To resolve this problem is by creating an audiobook or better known as a "voiced book" for the blind students. The extraordinary school (SLB) of category A is an outstanding school specifying for the blind students in Semarang who desperately need an audiobook.This audiobook has many benefits for the blind students of SLB category A. Firstly, it facilitates the students to "read" a book through the hearing sense. Secondly, it minimizes the cost of school expenditures in the book procurement both regular books for teachers or braille books for students. At last, it supports the government program of campaigning ”paperless office”.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels, have been associated with changes in peoples’ lifestyles due to the improving economy. In Indonesia, the prevalence CVDs tend to increase recently following the improving of national economic development. In controlling CVD, Indonesian Government particularly Ministry of Health have launched CVD control programme including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. However, this policy should be disseminated to people. Thus, the general public is more health conscious

Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is a method that support innovative and creative solution in designing product. This research try to combine TRIZ with SERVQUAL, Kano, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) to And systematic innovative and creative improvement for service quality in service industry. TRIZ used to solve contradictions occur in service quality improvement identified by FTA and FMEA. As case study, DAMRI is taken. Perum DAMRI is public bus transportation company in Bandung managed by Indonesian Government as Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) DAMRI charge relatively cheap cost, but have no good image because of poor service quality. Earlier research have been done by Ayu to identify factors to improve service quality using SERVQUAL measurement, Kano, FTA and FMEA. It's found that there are several poor service quality causes that must be improved, nevertheless several attributes contradict each other that troublesome improvement effort.

In this chapter, I justify the use of interpretive approach in analyzing the narratives of children working in Indonesian street, deemed as “street children,” as well as their parents. My data involved interviews with and observations on seven children aged seven to fifteen years old who worked as street dusters and musicians, and their parents, who lived in what the locals regard as a street community in Bandung, Indonesia. Additionally, the study collected the “societal narratives,” constituted by the Indonesian government’s policies toward street children, including the Education for All policy that ensures children to leave the street and enroll in school, the media reports, and the Indonesian middle-class society’s beliefs of street children’s culture and behaviors. These narratives provided a context in which the children and parents narrated their experiences about schooling and street works. My analysis suggests that street children’s and their parents’ narratives should be seen as constructed in responding to the dominant societal discourse that marginalizes them. The interpretive approach thus serves a way to contextualize and analyze the street community’s narratives in a way that challenges the taken-for-granted dominant narratives.

To anticipate and decrease the total amount of work accidents and occupational ilness,the Indonesian government requires that every company has an obligation to implement theOccupational Health and Safety Management System (OHS MS). In this regard, KSO PertaminaEP-BBP begin drafting a strategic step in reducing, managing and avoiding losses caused byworkplace accidents began compiling Occupational Health and Safety Management System(OHS MS).The results of the study found the gap between the requirements of OHSAS 18001-2007standard with OHS MS application in the enterprise. From the results of the evaluation of thedata gap analysis of OHS conducted , then obtained the average value: 2.18 with medium-scalegap (partially complied with the requirements). This is due to the absence of the OccupationalHealth and Safety Management System designed effectively, and integrated.The design of OHS MS base on OHSAS 18001-2007 and the Information Systems madein the form of a web portal which was named Benakat Hebat Tanpa Insiden (KATAHATI). Theresults of the evaluation conducted found an average value of 3.06 (low gap or need toconsistently adhere to the requirements), when compared with the previous OHS MS, then thereis an increase in the average value: 0.88 of every element of the requirements of OHSAS 18001-2007. From the comparison of the old system with a new one, found an increase in complianceand implementation and improvements of OHS MS in the company.

The death penalty is still carried out in many countries, including Indonesia. Considering the death penalty concerning human lives, then multiply the pros and cons of going on in the community, but the Indonesian government together with some elements of society who support the death penalty remains on the establishment, that the death penalty should still be implemented to protect life. This paper seeks to inform some of the death penalty that has been implemented for a variety of specific criminal acts. This paper seeks to criticize, the extent of execution cases it can be justified according to Islamic criminal law. The results of this paper show the majority of crimes are indeed subject to the death penalty, there are still containing the controversy, but some are actually able to be released from the death penalty because the victim's family in a murder case has been forgiven.

The Toba Batak, the followers of Parmalim (a local religion), have tried their best to preserve this local religion throughout the long oppression years by the Dutch and Christian missionary. The Parmalim practitioners did this up to recent times, in the midst of current ideas and assumptions about the civil-state religion based on 'monotheistic' belief. In this article, the author discusses the use of the concept 'religious rationalization' to refer to what the Parmalim followers have done in reconstructing their beliefs and religious practices. The author first examines the concept of 'religious rationalization' among anthropologists. He examines further the recent phenomenon of the civil-state religion, the Indonesian government's policies, its implications on the socio-religious-political situation among the Toba Batak, in particular among the Parmalim community, and the various existing interpretations.

The current death penalty is a controversial issue from many perspectives. A view holds that the death penalty is an appropriate punishment for a particular crime with a deterrent effect, but another view suggests that the death penalty is a violation of human rights, because everyone has a right to life that no one can and can not under any circumstances. The Indonesian government's opinion in favor of the death penalty for drug offenses believes that this type of punishment can reduce crime. As emphasized by President Joko Widodo, at least 50 people die every day in Indonesia because drug use for the death penalty is believed to be an effective way to reduce the impact of drugs, and to prevent young people from engaging in drug use and abuse. In this case, it is better to "kill" a handful of people, in order to save more Lies.

The September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, apart from announcing a jihadist threat to the modern Western state, constituted the precursor event that subsequently revealed a pattern of interconnected sources of instability. In particular, the Bali nightclub bombings of October 2002, which killed 202 people in Indonesia, demonstrated the existence of a sophisticated, regional network of jihadist activity in Southeast Asia. The Bali event opened one of the more unsuspected theatres of transnational jihadism.

Pesticides cause serious public health problems and considerable damage to agricultural and natural ecosystems. We confirm previous reports that it is feasible to reduce pesticide use by 50 % or more. The Swedish Government achieved a 61 % reduction in pesticide use and the Indonesian Government achieved a 65 % reduction in pesticide use without a reduction in crop yields. In fact in Indonesia the result of the reduction in pesticide use was a 12 % increase in rice yield.

Financial managementisan importantpartof thepublic administration. Implementation of Finance Policy of Indonesian Government about transparencyandaccountabilityin thefinancial managementsystemis connectedbythe financial report. Accrual-based financialreport has become ahallmarkof modernmanagement but its implementation is not easy. Transition from current accounting based to accrual based needs big changes and long terms project .The problems of accrual based implementation are more difficult in local government

Between 1973 and 1978, the Indonesian Government constructed over 61,000 primary schools throughout the country. This is one of the largest school construction programs on record. I evaluate the effect of this program on education and wages by combining differences across regions in the number of schools constructed with differences across cohorts induced by the timing of the program. The estimates suggest that the construction of primary schools led to an increase in education and earnings. Children ages 2 to 6 in 1974 received 0.12 to 0.19 more years of education for each school constructed per 1,000 children in their region of birth. Using the variations in schooling generated by this policy as instrumental variables for the impact of education on wages generates estimates of economic returns to education ranging from 6.8 percent to 10.6 percent.

Lost production of fine coal particulates from mines to rivers and streams in Indonesia is estimated at 31.8 to 63.7 million metric tons during the period 1990-1998. The value of lost coal sales in this period is estimated at USD 955.9 million to USD 1.91 billion. The value of lost royalties due the Indonesian government is estimated at USD 129 million to USD 258 million. Technology to recover fine coal has been commercially available for many years. Investments in fine coal recovery systems would produce recovery of capital in 1-2 years at some larger mines, and 3-10 years at smaller mines, producing increased profits and improving surface water quality every year thereafter. Design and construction of preparation plants utilizing fine coal circuits provide many unexplored but significant opportunities for development of new environmental businesses in Indonesia.

Fisheries development was thus one of the major concerns of Dutch admin istrators in colonial South Sulawesi. It has remained one of the priorities of development administrators in Sulawesi under the auspices of the Republic of Indonesia. Cultivable fishes were introduced into the various lakes of Sulawesi under both the colonial regime and the independent Indonesian government (Whitten et al. 1987:325). One of these lakes is Lake Lindu, locat ed in the highlands of Kulawi to the southeast of Palu, the capital city of the province of Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah). From the report of the visit of the very first Westerners, the Dutch Reformed missionaries N. Adriani and A.C. Kruyt (Adriani 1898; Adriani and Kruyt 1898; Kruyt 1938, n.d.), Lake Lindu has been famed for the abund ance of its fish. The entry 'Lindoe-meer' in the second edition of the Encyclo paedic van Nederlandsch-Indi? (Encyclopaedic 1917-39,11:583-4) noted that 'Lake Lindu is very rich in fish'. Indeed, when Adriani and Kruyt first viewed the lake on 7 October 1897 from the village of Langko near the southwestern shore, they saw all around the lake's southwestern shore fishtraps that had

The aims of the research were to know the existence of the Nepenthes at mount Merbabu, variations of its morphology, associated plants, and ecological conditions. Nepenthes are one of plants that were categorized as conserved plant by Indonesian government as indicated in PPRI No. 7/1999. Many researchers attracted to study this unique plant since it’s distinct feature and the way to get nutrient by trapping insects at its sac. Samples were taken randomly along the path for climbing from Selo, Boyolali to the top of the mountain between April to May 2000. The results show that the plants were found at the altitude of around 1500 to 2000 tsl. There were two forms of the sacs, long and short at the same individual plants. The plants grow coiling on Myristica trees and shrubs of Thunbergia fragrans Roxb., and also could grow at the stoned-soil.© 2000 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Nepenthes, morphology, ecology

This article assesses the challenges and opportunities faced by the Indonesian government following the Asian economic crisis of 1997 and the fall of the Suharto regime. It examines Indonesia's ongoing economic decentralization program, and these policies' relations to market globalization; discusses regional development policies and their relations to ongoing changes in the central government; and attempts to define principles of “good governance” that will ensure Indonesia's ability to bail itself out of the current crisis and move toward positive long-term economic development.

The recent evolution of milk consumption in Indonesia does not catch up with the growth in domestic production despite considerable efforts by the Indonesian government to promote dairy product int...

In an effort to control increases in the prices of certain tradable commodities in recent years, the Indonesian government has experimented with a variety of policy interventions. Palm oil is important both as an export commodity and for household consumption in the form of cooking oil. We examine a palm oil export tax policy that ran from September 1994 through June 1997. We find that the taxes did reduce the domestic prices of palm oil products, and we estimate their effects on the distribution of income within Indonesia. Notably, we find that they actually reduced revenues of the government, and lowered profits for palm oil refiners. We also examine the efficiency effects and other aspects of the taxes. Finally, we discuss more drastic export restraints imposed more recently by the government during the economic crisis.

This paper explores the continuing labour market dilemmas resulting from the expansion of upper secondary and higher education in Indonesia. The situation is more acute in the poorer provinces such as East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) with their limited demand for high school graduates. The findings presented here are based on a sample of 800 high school students in the West Timor region of NTT. The authors point to the problems inherent in the Indonesian government's goal of nine years' compulsory education by the year 2004, and suggest policy measures to avoid the wastage of talent in provinces such as East Nusa Tenggara.

Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world. The 3.1 million km 2 seas cover about two-thirds of its territory. The 200 miles exclusive economic zone adds another 2.7 million km 2 . Marine related programmes are given a high priority by the Indonesian government. During the last two decades a concerted effort in marine capacity building has been carried out through bilateral, regional and international co-operation. This effort included, among others, increasing manpower development, expanding and improving research facilities, establishing a national marine data centre, and improving communications and co-operation throughout the marine science community. The bilateral agreement with the Netherlands in the mid-1980s for the implementation of the Snellius II Programme, laid the intellectual basis for the Indonesian marine science capability. The necessary research vessels were obtained through bilateral co-operation with France. At present Indonesia operates: a network of tide gauges and current meter stations; two satellite ground stations; tropical radar wind profiling stations; a network of marine pollution stations; a number of ocean going, coastal and fisheries research vessels; and six SEAWATCH monitoring buoys. It is expected that Indonesia will play a major role in the western Pacific region in the near future. This paper gives a brief review of the Indonesian experience in developing a national marine capability.

Decentralization has been a major theme in many countries in recent years. In Indonesia it has been part of the rhetoric of the Government for some time, but recent initiatives have suggested some more substance. This article reviews two main concepts: inter-governmental decentralization and management decentralization. It examines the Indonesian approach to decentralization in law and in practice, focusing on some recent initiatives in reforming the grant system and the declaration of a ‘pilot areas’ decentralization project. The aim of such initiatives appears to be to reap the efficiency gains of management decentralization without transferring power. However, the Indonesian system lacks some of the institutional requirements for effective management decentralization, notably the absence of performance measures and an effective framework of constraints, as reflected in the shortcomings of the systems of central controls over local government. The article concludes with an analysis of the reasons why the Indonesian Government appears to be so wary of western notions of decentralization. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Public Admin. Dev. Vol. 17, 351–367 (1997). No. of Figures: 0. No. of Tables: 2. No. of Refs: 49.

In 1980 the Indonesian government imposed a ban on trawling along the Malacca Straits and off the north coast of Java, the nation's two most important fishing grounds. The ban on trawling was extended nation-wide in 1981, effectively eliminating a highly productive type of fishing gear and the most important source of shrimp for the lucrative international market. The political nature of this decision and factors contributing to what has proven to be effective enforcement are discussed. Data on the Malacca Straits and the north coast of Java are used to assess the consequences of the trawler ban on the demersal fisheries. Prior to the trawler ban, little or no growth occurred in numbers of fishers, numbers of small-scale demersal gear, or landings by small-scale demersal gear. After 1980, however, small-scale demersal fisheries experienced dramatic growth, generating significant new employment opportunities but raising anew serious resource management problems.