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The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway regulates tissue growth in Drosophila by restricting the activity of the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie (Yki), which normally complexes with the TEF/TEAD family DNA-binding transcription factor Scalloped (Sd) to drive the expression of growth-promoting genes. Given its pivotal role as a central hub in mediating the transcriptional output of Hippo signaling, there is great interest in understanding the molecular regulation of the Sd-Yki complex. In this study, we identify Nerfin-1 as a transcriptional repressor that antagonizes the activity of the Sd-Yki complex by binding to the TEA DNA-binding domain of Sd. Consistent with its biochemical function, ectopic expression of Nerfin-1 results in tissue undergrowth in an Sd-dependent manner. Conversely, loss of Nerfin-1 enhances the ability of winner cells to eliminate loser cells in multiple scenarios of cell competition. We further show that INSM1, the mammalian ortholog of Nerfin-1, plays a conserved role in repressing the activity of the TEAD-YAP complex. These findings reveal a novel regulatory mode converging on the transcriptional output of the Hippo pathway that may be exploited for modulating the YAP oncoprotein in cancer and regenerative medicine.

Non-circular gears can maintain rotational motions of general gears and implement all varying rotational motions of the cam. They adjust the angular velocity of driven gear according to operating conditions and make precise changes in angular motion. The design of non-circular gears has not been sufficiently studied because of their particularity and complex design methods unlike spur gears. In the gutting section of the Squid Belly Opening and Gutting Machine (SBOGM), spur gears generate rotational impact due to constant angular velocities, causing noise and equipment damage; so, efficiency should be improved by varying sectional angular velocity. Therefore, we derived pitch curves by selecting angular velocity ratio considering operating environments, and the tooth profile was designed by calculating module for each section according to radius through theorical analysis for precise expression of angular velocity ratio. To confirm reliability of design, angular velocity ratio and structural safety of designed non-circular gears were verified using, commercial software, ‘DAFUL 2020 R1′.

Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) of 20±5 nm Au core with 32 ±5 nm silica shells were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate by pulse electrophoresis deposition (PED). Field emissions scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images reveal that the number of core-shell NPs deposited on the substrate increased at lower pH and longer deposition time. The deposited particles are more stable as compared to the bare NPs. The stability of the core-shell NPs at high temperature has been also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]