Search

A novel fumigation technology for the use of methanol/ethanol as a dual fuel for compression ignition (diesel) engines has been developed to offer the option to replace the use of diesel with up to 40% of these renewable fuels, and to reduce the greenhouse emissions and fine particulate emissions from compression ignition engines, whether in transport or for stationary energy generation. This technology involves the addition of an apparatus to the air intake of a standard compression ignition engine, requiring no modification to the engine. This research found that the vortex creator design greatly shortens the required mixing length from 10 D to 1 D. In addition, we found in conservative estimation that the required ethanol evaporation distance (without heating) is more than 1 meter. Furthermore, a new dual fuel system design putting a vortex creator after the turbocharger was proposed.

A 0.8L, 3 cylinder turbocharged diesel engine was retrofitted for premixed and port injected dual fuel operation. Diesel baseline testing was conducted and conventional diesel trends in efficiency and emissions were found in relation to pilot start of injection (SOI) and load. However, at low loads the combustion mode deviated from a conventional diffusion flame. The end of injection was found to occur well before start of combustion (SOC), suggesting that combustion was closer to premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI). Dual fuel mode operation was carried out using two methods. First, the fuel proportions were varied while maintaining 25% full load (FL). The brake fuel conversion efficiency (BCFE), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions suffered, while NOx emissions and peak pressure decreased with increased methane substitution. Ignition delay increased with methane substitution. Port injected dual fuel modes yielded improved BFCE, but similar UHC and CO emissions compared to premixed dual fuel. Second, constant pilot tests with small pilot quantities resulted in decreased BFCE and increased CO and UHC emissions compared to diesel-only. Increasing load resulted in improved BFCE relative to diesel performance and decreased UHC and CO emissions. Constant pilot NOx emissions were lower than diesel-only at low load, but far exceeded diesel levels above 50%FL. Increased pilot injection quantity provided emissions and BFCE benefits compared to the minimum pilot quantity for low loads only (below 50%). Advancing SOI increased peak cylinder pressure and temperature, and improved UHC and CO emissions. Further advancement resulted in decreased BFCE due to very early heat release (BTDC). Similarly at 50%FL SOI advance increased peak pressure and temperature. Much less improvement in BFCE was found with SOI advancement, but UHC and CO emissions were reduced. At very early SOI angles SOC and peak pressure was retarded and yielded a slow ignition event followed by a, Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2015-09-15 11:17:11.785

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem motory Dieselgas. První část práce je zaměřena na historii a vývoj motorů a motorových paliv. Druhá část práce se zabývá vznětovými motory, popisem pracovního cyklu motoru, systémem vstřikování paliva, typy motorových naft, účinností motoru a jeho emisemi. V následující kapitole je zpracován přehled plynných paliv vhodných pro osobní a hromadnou dopravu. Z těchto paliv jsou dále rozvedené dvě nejčastěji využívané. Čtvrtá kapitola pojednává o využití plynných paliv ve vznětových motorech, možnosti přestavby těchto motorů, a to jak přestavbou na zážehový, tak i bez této změny. V poslední kapitole je zpracován vliv na spotřebu a vznik emisí u motorů s duálním pohonem., This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Dieselgas engines. The first part work is focused on the history and development of engines and motor fuels. The second part deals with diesel engines, a description of the engine operating cycle, fuel injection system, types of diesel fuel, engine efficiency and emissions. The following chapter provides an overview of gaseous fuels suitable for passenger and public transport. Of these fuels, the two most commonly used are further elaborated. The fourth chapter deals with the use of gaseous fuels in diesel engines, the possibility of conversion of these engines, both by conversion to petrol and without this change. The last chapter deals with the effect on consumption and emissions of dual fuel engines.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem motory Dieselgas. První část práce je zaměřena na historii a vývoj motorů a motorových paliv. Druhá část práce se zabývá vznětovými motory, popisem pracovního cyklu motoru, systémem vstřikování paliva, typy motorových naft, účinností motoru a jeho emisemi. V následující kapitole je zpracován přehled plynných paliv vhodných pro osobní a hromadnou dopravu. Z těchto paliv jsou dále rozvedené dvě nejčastěji využívané. Čtvrtá kapitola pojednává o využití plynných paliv ve vznětových motorech, možnosti přestavby těchto motorů, a to jak přestavbou na zážehový, tak i bez této změny. V poslední kapitole je zpracován vliv na spotřebu a vznik emisí u motorů s duálním pohonem., This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Dieselgas engines. The first part work is focused on the history and development of engines and motor fuels. The second part deals with diesel engines, a description of the engine operating cycle, fuel injection system, types of diesel fuel, engine efficiency and emissions. The following chapter provides an overview of gaseous fuels suitable for passenger and public transport. Of these fuels, the two most commonly used are further elaborated. The fourth chapter deals with the use of gaseous fuels in diesel engines, the possibility of conversion of these engines, both by conversion to petrol and without this change. The last chapter deals with the effect on consumption and emissions of dual fuel engines.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem motory Dieselgas. První část práce je zaměřena na historii a vývoj motorů a motorových paliv. Druhá část práce se zabývá vznětovými motory, popisem pracovního cyklu motoru, systémem vstřikování paliva, typy motorových naft, účinností motoru a jeho emisemi. V následující kapitole je zpracován přehled plynných paliv vhodných pro osobní a hromadnou dopravu. Z těchto paliv jsou dále rozvedené dvě nejčastěji využívané. Čtvrtá kapitola pojednává o využití plynných paliv ve vznětových motorech, možnosti přestavby těchto motorů, a to jak přestavbou na zážehový, tak i bez této změny. V poslední kapitole je zpracován vliv na spotřebu a vznik emisí u motorů s duálním pohonem., This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Dieselgas engines. The first part work is focused on the history and development of engines and motor fuels. The second part deals with diesel engines, a description of the engine operating cycle, fuel injection system, types of diesel fuel, engine efficiency and emissions. The following chapter provides an overview of gaseous fuels suitable for passenger and public transport. Of these fuels, the two most commonly used are further elaborated. The fourth chapter deals with the use of gaseous fuels in diesel engines, the possibility of conversion of these engines, both by conversion to petrol and without this change. The last chapter deals with the effect on consumption and emissions of dual fuel engines.

The North American rail industry is examining the use of natural gas to reduce fuel costs for locomotives that are powered by dual, fuel engines. This report evaluates the ability of an existing methane number algorithm to predict rapid combustion in a dual fuel, engine. The Methane Number index, which quantifies the propensity of a gaseous fuel to autoignite, has the ability to well-characterize, engine knock in spark-ignited combustion. However, the ability of the methane number, which was originally, developed for spark-ignited engines, to predict a fuel’s “knock” behavior in dual fuel combustion is not fully understood., Specialized natural gas fuel blends are tested in a dual fuel engine and induced to rapid combustion. For fuels that should exhibit, similar knock behavior, the transitions to rapid combustion occurred at significantly different conditions. This demonstrated that, the existing methane number algorithm, while excellent for spark-ignited engines, did not fully predict the propensity for rapid, combustion to occur in a dual fuel engine within the scope of this study. In its current form, a methane number algorithm can be, used to conservatively rate dual fuel engines. It is possible that a new reactivity index for dual fuel combustion might allow ratings, to be less conservative.