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Background: The objective of the present study was to identify human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) interacting proteins and explore the mechanisms underlying their effect on ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Methods: HE4 interacting proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and validated by co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays. The scratch test, the Transwell assay and animal experiments were used to assess the invasive and metastatic abilities of ovarian cancer cells before and after transfection and HE4 protein treatment. HE4 and annexin II protein expression in epithelial ovarian tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relation between their expression levels was examined. Results: Annexin II was identified as an HE4 interacting protein. HE4 and annexin II binding interaction promoted ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis. HE4 and annexin II expression levels were significantly higher in malignant epithelial ovarian tissues than in benign and normal epithelial ovarian tissues, and they were higher in tissues with lymph node metastases than in those without. HE4 gene interference downregulated the expression of MAPK and the FOCAL adhesion signaling pathway-associated molecules MKNK2 and LAMB2, and HE4 protein supplementation reversed this effect. Conclusion: The binding interaction between HE4 and annexin II activates the MAPK and FOCAL adhesion signaling pathways, promoting ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-10 nm AuPtPd alloy trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs) with a high oxidation-resistant property were prepared by photo-deposition followed by a high temperature (700-900 ºC) air annealing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and straightforward synthetic protocol has been developed for the preparation of cyanoindolizine derivatives via a cycloaddition reaction between 1-cyanocyclopropane 1-ester and pyridine or benzopyridine for the generation of a wide range of structurally interesting and pharmacologically significant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beclin 1 is an autophagy-associated protein involved in apoptosis and drug resistance, as well as various malignancies. We investigated the expression of Beclin 1 protein in ovarian epithelial tissues and correlated it with the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Beclin 1 protein expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in 148 patients with ovarian epithelial cancer, 26 with ovarian borderline tumor, 25 with benign ovarian tumor, and 30 with normal ovarian tissue. The relationships between Beclin 1 protein expression and ovarian cancer pathological characteristics were analyzed. The risk factors for ovarian cancer prognosis were analyzed using Cox's regression model. A survival curve was plotted from the follow-up data of 93 patients with ovarian cancer to analyze the effects of Beclin 1 expression on the prognosis of ovarian cancer. The positive rates of Beclin 1 were significantly higher in ovarian epithelial cancer (148) and borderline tumor (26) than in benign ovarian tumor (25) or normal ovarian tissue (30) (all p < 0.001). The surgical stage and Beclin 1 expression were both independent risk factors for ovarian cancer prognosis (both p < 0.05). Patients with high Beclin 1 levels showed better survival than those with low Beclin 1 levels (p = 0.009). Beclin 1 protein is upregulated in ovarian epithelial cancer and is a prognostic factor of ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, boron doped heptazine-based g-C/N/H polymers (B-doped heptazine-based g-C/N/H polymers) were synthesized by the pyrolysis process of the mixture of low cost H3BO3 and melamine. X-ray power diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to characterize the successful doping of B atoms into the nanostructure of the graphic-C3N4 (heptazine-based g-C/N/H polymers). The synthesized material was conducted to investigate the sorption capacity for Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution and the sorption conditions including the doped amount, the solution pH, the contact time, and initial concentration were optimized. The results indicated that the sorption process was dependent on solution pH and the optimum pH was from 3.0 to 6.0. The kinetics was well evaluated by pseudo-second-order which indicated that the main rate-determining step was controlled by the chemical sorption process. The maximum sorption capacity calculated from Langmuir model amounted to 149.3 mg g-1 with the initial concentration range from 80 ~ 800 mg L-1. So, B-doped heptazine-based g-C/N/H polymers have the potential application as a low cost adsorbent for high concentration Cu(II) ions in aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An one-pot-reaction methodology was developed to synthesize a variety of polysubstituted 3-aryl-2-arylmethylene amino- 4-hydroxybenzofurans from substituted β-nitrostyrenes, aromatic aldehydes, ammonium acetate, and cyclohexane-1,3-diones for the generation of a wide range of structurally interesting and pharmacologically significant compounds. The reaction pathway involves Michael addition of substituted nitrostyrenes and cyclohexane-1,3- diones, then nucleophilic addition of 2-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)cyclohexane- 1,3-dione and Schiff base generated from aromatic aldehyde and ammonium acetate and intramolecular cyclization, followed by dehydroaromatization to afford the corresponding 3- aryl-2-arylmethyleneamino-4-hydroxybenzofurans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nomuraea rileyi is used as an environmental-friendly biopesticide. However, mass production and commercialization of this organism are limited due to its fastidious growth and sporulation requirements. When cultured in amended medium, we found that N. rileyi could produce microsclerotia bodies, replacing conidiophores as the infectious agent. However, little is known about the genes involved in microsclerotia development. In the present study, the transcriptomes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing technology to find the genes involved in microsclerotia development. Results: A total of 4.69 Gb of clean nucleotides comprising 32,061 sequences was obtained, and 20,919 sequences were annotated (about 65%). Among the annotated sequences, only 5928 were annotated with 34 gene ontology (GO) functional categories, and 12,778 sequences were mapped to 165 pathways by searching against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) database. Furthermore, we assessed the transcriptomic differences between cultures grown in minimal and amended medium. In total, 4808 sequences were found to be differentially expressed; 719 differentially expressed unigenes were assigned to 25 GO classes and 1888 differentially expressed unigenes were assigned to 161 KEGG pathways, including 25 enrichment pathways. Subsequently, we examined the up-regulation or uniquely expressed genes following amended medium treatment, which were also expressed on the enrichment pathway, and found that most of them participated in mediating oxidative stress homeostasis. To elucidate the role of oxidative stress in microsclerotia development, we analyzed the diversification of unigenes using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that oxidative stress occurs during microsclerotia development, along with a broad metabolic activity change. Our data provide the most comprehensive sequence resource available for the study of N. rileyi. We believe that the transcriptome datasets will serve as an important public information platform to accelerate studies on N. rileyi microsclerotia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigates the expression of Lewis y antigen, integrin αv, β3 in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues. We further evaluate the relationship between their expression and chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer and its possible clinical significance. Methods: Tissues of 92 patients with ovarian cancer meeting the inclusion criteria with complete follow-up data were enrolled and divided into chemotherapy resistant group and sensitive group. The expression and relationship of Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3 are assessed in paraffin sections using immunohistochemistry and doublelabeling immunofluorescence method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between age, clinical stage, differentiation, histologic subtype, Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3 expression in ovarian cancer patients. Results: The expression rates of Lewis y antigen and integrin αv in the resistant group, significantly higher than the rates found in the sensitive group (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of Lewis y antigen, integrin αv and ovarian cancer's clinical stage were independent, drug resistance-related risk factors. The expression levels of Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3 were positively correlated with each other. Conclusions: A close correlation between Lewis y antigen, integrin αv, β3 and ovarian cancer was observed. Lewis y antigen can influence the biological behavior of a tumor cell as an important composition of integrin αv, β3 by some signal pathway. And the expression of Lewis y antigen, integrin αv and ovarian cancer's clinical stage are both independent, drug resistance-related risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation and clinical significance between the expression of Mucin-1 (MUC1) and the Lewis y antigen with chemoresistance in ovarian epithelial cancers. Methods: Ovarian cancer patients (n = 92) treated at our hospital from May 2005 to July 2009 were divided, according to their treatment and follow-up outcomes, into a resistant group (n = 37) or sensitive group (n = 55). The expression of MUC1 and Lewis y antigen in ovarian cancer tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and correlated with chemoresistance. Results: The positive rates of MUC1 and Lewis y antigen in the resistant group were both 91.89%, significantly higher than their positive rates in the sensitive group (65.45% and 69.09%, respectively, and both p < 0.05). MUC1 or Lewis y expression and the pathological stage of the tissue were independent risk factors for chemoresistance (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The increased expression of MUC1 and the Lewis y antigen is a significant risk factor for chemoresistance in patients with ovarian epithelial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To measure Lewis y and integrin α5β1 expression in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and to correlate the levels of these molecules with ovarian carcinoma chemotherapy and prognosis. Methods: The study population included 34 ovarian carcinoma patients with chemotherapeutic drug-resistance, six partially drug-sensitive cases, and 52 drug-sensitive cases (92 total). Immunochemistry was used to determine expression of Lewis y antigen and integrin α5β1 in ovarian carcinoma tissues, and correlation of these molecules with chemotherapy resistance was further investigated, Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate: age, surgical stage, grade, subtype of patient cases, metastasis of lymph nodes, residual tumor size, expression levels of Lewis y antigen and integrin α5β1 correlation with ovarian carcinoma chemotherapy resistance. Results: The expression rates of Lewis y antigen and integrins α5 and β1 were significantly greater in the drug-resistant group (91.17%, 85.29%, 88.24%) than the partially sensitive (50.00%, 33.33%, 50.00%) or sensitive groups (61.54%, 57.69%, 55.77%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that surgical stage, residual tumor size, and expression of integrin α5 and Lewis y in ovarian carcinoma tissues were independent risk factors for chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Conclusions: Overexpression of Lewis y and integrin α5 are strong risk factors for chemotherapeutic drug resistance in ovarian carcinoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective and practical method has been developed for the diversity-oriented synthesis of trans-4,6-diaryl-5-nitropiperidin- 2-ones via four-component reaction from substituted nitrostyrenes, aromatic aldehydes, dimethyl malonate, and formamide for the generation of a wide range of structurally interesting and pharmacologically significant compounds. It is worth mentioning that in the course of this reaction, the formation of products was highly stereoselective [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of Lewis y overexpression on the expression of proliferation-related factors in ovarian cancer cells. Methods: mRNA levels of cyclins, CDKs, and CKIs were measured in cells before and after transfection with the α1,2-fucosyltransferase gene by real-time PCR, and protein levels of cyclins, CDKs and CKIs were determined in cells before and after gene transfection by Western blot. Results: Lewis y overexpression led to an increase in both mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin D1 and cyclin E in ovarian cancer cells, decrease in both mRNA and protein expression levels of p16 and p21, and decrease of p27 at only the protein expression level without change in its mRNA level. There were no differences in proteins and the mRNA levels of CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 before and after gene transfection. Anti-Lewis y antibody, ERK and PI3K pathway inhibitors PD98059 and LY294002 reduced the difference in cyclin and CKI expression caused by Lewis y overexpression. Conclusion: Lewis y regulates the expression of cell cycle-related factors through ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways to promote cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelial carcinomas of the ovary exhibit the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies. Studies found that the metabolism of glycolipids or carbohydrates is associated with acquirement of anticancer drug-resistance by cancer cells. This study was to characterize possible involvement of Lewis Y (LeY) antigen in the drug-resistance of cancer cells. We transfected the α1,2-fucosyltransferase gene into human ovarian carcinoma-derived RMG-1 cells and established RMG-1-hFUT cells with enhanced expression of LeY. We determined the effects of docetaxel on the survival of cells by MTT assaying and observed the apoptosis of cells in the presence of docetaxel by flow cytometric analysis and by transmission electron microscopy. Plasma membranes and intracellular granules in RMG-1-hFUT cells were stained with anti-LeY antibody, the intensity of the staining was higher than that in control cells. The RMG-1-hFUT cells exhibited higher resistance to docetaxel than the control cells with regard to the docetaxel concentration and time course. After treatment with 10 µg/mL docetaxel for 72 h, the control cells, but not RMG-1-hFUT, contained abundant positively stained cell debris due to disintegration of the cytoskeleton. On transmission electron microscopy, although the control cells treated with docetaxel as above showed the following morphology, i.e., absence of villi, cells shrunken in size, pyknosis, agglutinated chromatin and cell buds containing nuclei in the process of apoptosis, the RMG-1-hFUT cells showed only agglutinated chromatin and vacuoles in the cytoplasm. In summary, cells with enhanced expression of LeY were shown to acquire docetaxel-resistance, indicating the possible involvement of glycoconjugates in the drug-resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to measure and correlate the expression of nsulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) and the Lewis(y) antigen in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissue samples. Methods: Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence double-labeling techniques were applied to detect and measure the expression of Lewis(y) and IGF-1R. Results: In &agr;1,2-fucosyltransferase (&agr;1,2-FT)-transfected cells, IGF-1R expression was significantly upregulated compared with cells that do not overexpress R1,2-FT (P < 0.05). The amount of Lewis(y) expressed on IGF-1R increased 1.81-fold in &agr;1,2-FT-overexpressing cells (P < 0.05), but the ratio of Lewis(y) expressed on IGF-1R to total IGF-1R was unaltered between two cells (P > 0.05). In malignant epithelial ovarian tumors, the positivity rates of Lewis(y) and IGF-1R detection were 88.3% and 93.33%, respectively, which is higher than the positivity rates in marginal (60.00% and 63.33%, all P < 0.05), benign (33.00% and 53.33%, all P < 0.01), and normal (0% and 40%, all P < 0.01) ovarian samples. No correlations were detected in positivity rates of Lewis(y) or IGF-1R expression with respect to clinicopathological parameters in ovarian cancers (all P > 0.05). Both IGF-1R and Lewis(y) were highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues, and their expression levels were positively correlated (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Overexpression of Lewis(y) results in overexpression of IGF-1R. Both IGF-1R and Lewis(y) are associated with the occurrence and development of ovarian cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To detect the expression and clinical significances of Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3 in epithelial ovarian tumors, and to explore the expression correlation between Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 95 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer, 37 cases of borderline tumors, 20 cases of benign tumors, and 20 cases of normal ovarian tissue, for the detection of Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3 expressions, and to analyze the relationship between Lewis y antigen and integrin, and the relationship between clinical and pathological parameters of ovarian cancer. In addition, immunofluorescence double labeling was utilized to detect the expression correlation between Lewis y antigen and integrin αv, β3 in ovarian cancer. Results: In epithelial ovarian tumors, the expression rate of Lewis y antigen was 81.05%, significantly higher than that of borderline (51.53%) (P < 0.05) and benign (25%) (P < 0.01) tumors, and normal ovarian tissues (0) (P < 0.01). The expression rate of integrin αv, β3 in malignant epithelial ovarian tumors was 78.95% and 82.11%, respectively, significantly higher than that of the borderline (45.94%, 40.54%) (both P < 0.05), benign group (10.00%, 15.00%) (both P < 0.01) and normal ovary group (5%, 15%) (both P < 0.01). Conclusions: Lewis y and integrins αv, β3 are relevant to pelvic and abdominal diffusion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that these two molecules mediate a boosting function for tumor metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the molecular structural relationship between cell adhesive molecule CD44 and Lewis y antigen, and determine the effects of Lewis y antigen on CD44-mediated adhesion and spreading of ovarian cancer cell line RMG-I and the Lewis y antigen-overexpressed cell line RMG-I-H. Methods: The expression of CD44 in RMG-I and RMG-I-H cells before and after treatment of Lewis y monoclonal antibody was detected by immunocytochemistry; the expression of Lewis y antigen and CD44 was detected by Western Blot. The structural relationship between Lewis y antigen and CD44 was determined by immunoprecipitation and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The adhesion and spreading of RMG-I and RMG-I-H cells on hyaluronic acid (HA) were observed. The expression of CD44 mRNA in RMG-I and RMG-I-H cells was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Results: Immunocytochemistry revealed that the expression of CD44 was significantly higher in RMG-I-H cells than in RMG-I cells (P < 0.01), and its expression in both cell lines was significantly decreased after treatment of Lewis y monoclonal antibody (both P < 0.01). Western Blot confirmed that the content of CD44 in RMG-I-H cells was 1.46 times of that in RMG-I cells. The co-location of Lewis y antigen and CD44 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. The co-expression of CD44 and Lewis y antigen in RMG-I-H cells was 2.24 times of that in RMG-I cells. The adhesion and spreading of RMG-I-H cells on HA were significantly enhanced as compared to those of RMG-I cells (P < 0.01), and this enhancement was inhibited by Lewis y monoclonal antibody (P < 0.01). The mRNA level of CD44 in both cell lines was similar (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Lewis y antigen strengthens CD44-mediated adhesion and spreading of ovarian cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lewis y (LeY) antigen is a difucosylated oligosaccharide carried by glycoconjugates on the cell surface. Overexpression of LeY is frequently observed in epithelial-derived cancers and has been correlated to the pathological staging and prognosis. However, the effects of LeY on ovarian cancer are not yet clear. Previously, we transfected the ovarian cancer cell line RMG-I with the α1,2-fucosyltransferase gene to obtain stable transfectants, RMG-I-H, that highly express LeY. In the present study, we examined the proliferation, tumorigenesis, adhesion and invasion of the cell lines with treatment of LeY monoclonal antibody (mAb). Additionally, we examined the expression of TGF-β1, VEGF and b-FGF in xenograft tumors. The results showed that the proliferation and adhesion in vitro were significantly inhibited by treatment of RMG-I-H cells with LeY mAb. When subcutaneously inoculated in nude mice, RMG-I-H cells produced large tumors, while mock-transfected cells RMG-I-C and the parental cells RMG-I produced small tumors. Moreover, the tumor formation by RMG-I-H cells was inhibited by preincubating the cells with LeY mAb. Notably, the expression of TGFβ1, VEGF and b-FGF all increased in RMG-I-H cells. In conclusion, LeY plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation, tumorigenecity and adhesion, and these effects may be related to increased levels of growth factors. The LeY antibody shows potential application in the treatment of LeY-positive tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peanut, sesame and other raw materials of food are allergens for special populations. In this study, specific primers and TaqMan probes labeled by different fluorescences were designed targeting Ara h 2 gene of peanut and Ses i 1 gene of sesame. After the optimization of reaction conditions, a real-time fluorescent PCR method was established for simultaneous detection of allergenic ingredients of peanut and sesame in food. Genomic DNA samples of peanut, sesame, rice, wheat, barley, soybean, celery, maize, potato, tomato, walnut, groundnut in shell, cashew nut, sunflower seed, almond, apple, pear and strawberry, pork, beef, mutton and fish were used as templates for PCR amplification with deionized water as negative control template. Results indicated that the established real-time fluorescent PCR method could specifically identify allergenic ingredients of peanut and sesame simultaneously. Sensitivity test showed that the minimum detection limit of this method was 0.01%. Therefore, the established real-time fluorescent PCR method is a specific, sensitive and effective assay for simultaneously detecting allergenic ingredients of peanut and sesame in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the related influence factors of neonatal transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis （TANEC）. Methods Clinical data of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis （NEC） treated by surgery were retrospectively analyzed. All participants were divided into the TANEC and non-TANEC groups. Clinical characteristics， maternal conditions， laboratory test results， intraoperative conditions and clinical prognosis were subject to univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. Related factors of TANEC were identified. The predictive values of these factors were determined by the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and the area under the ROC curve （AUC）. Results A total of 51 infants were enrolled in this study， including 13 cases in the TANEC group and 38 in the non-TANEC group. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in birth weight， Apgar-1 score， gestational age， number of transfusions， patent ductus arteriosus and hemoglobin level between two groups （all P < 0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of transfusions and hemoglobin level were the related factors for the incidence of TANEC （both P < 0.05）. ROC curve verified that the AUC of the number of transfusions was 0.882 （95% CI 0.794-0.969）， 0.857 （95% CI 0.747-0.968） for hemoglobin level， and 0.907 （95% CI 0.822-0.992） for the two combined， respectively. Conclusion The number of blood transfusion and hemoglobin level are associated with the occurrence of TANEC， and the combination of these two can better predict the incidence of TANEC.

White-rot fungi differentially express laccases when they encounter aromatic compounds. However, the underlying mechanisms are still being explored. Here, proteomics analysis revealed that in addition to increased laccase activity, proteins involved in sphingolipid metabolism and toluene degradation as well as some cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) were differentially expressed and significantly enriched during 48 h of o-toluidine exposure, in Trametes hirsuta AH28-2. Two Zn2Cys6-type transcription factors (TFs), TH8421 and TH4300, were upregulated. Bioinformatics docking and isothermal titration calorimetry assays showed that each of them could bind directly to o-toluidine and another aromatic monomer, guaiacol. Binding to aromatic compounds promoted the formation of TH8421/TH4300 heterodimers. TH8421 and TH4300 silencing in T. hirsuta AH28-2 led to decreased transcriptional levels and activities of LacA and LacB upon o-toluidine and guaiacol exposure. EMSA and ChIP-qPCR analysis further showed that TH8421 and TH4300 bound directly with the promoter regions of lacA and lacB containing CGG or CCG motifs. Furthermore, the two TFs were involved in direct and positive regulation of the transcription of some CYP450s. Together, TH8421 and TH4300, two key regulators found in T. hirsuta AH28-2, function as heterodimers to simultaneously trigger the expression of downstream laccases and intracellular enzymes. Monomeric aromatic compounds act as ligands to promote heterodimer formation and enhance the transcriptional activities of the two TFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From heavy fermion compounds and cuprates to iron pnictides and chalcogenides, a spin resonance atis a staple of nearly magnetic superconductors. Possible explanations include a two-particle bound state or loss of magnon damping in the superconducting state. While both scenarios suggest a central role for magnetic fluctuations, distinguishing them is important to identify the right theoretical framework to understand these types of unconventional superconductors. Using an inelastic neutron scattering technique, we show that the spin resonance in the optimally doped Fe1.03Se0.4Te0.6superconductor splits into three peaks in a high magnetic field, a signature of a two-particle S = 1 triplet bound state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine compounds present in the aqueous extract of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay (CWE) that promote the asexual sporulation of Antrodia cinnamomea in submerged fermentation. First, CWE was isolated by alcohol precipitation and fractional extraction with different organic solvents. The influence of the obtained fractions on the asexual sporulation of A. cinnamomea was investigated. It was showed that the chloroform (at 30 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate (at 50 μg/mL) extracts of the supernatant after ethanol precipitation of CWE presented remarkable promoting effects on the sporulation of A. cinnamomea, and the effect of LFE was significantly more pronounced than that of YZE, indicating that both LFE and YZE contained compounds that promote the sporulation of A. cinnamomea. Subsequently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze the chemical components of the fractions obtained from CWE, and erythritol was considered as the major component that promotes the sporulation of A. cinnamomea. Finally, the effect of erythritol with a purity of 98% on the fermentation performance of A. cinnamomead was investigated. The result showed that erythritol did significantly promote the sporulation of A. cinnamomea and increased the spore production by 55.17% compared with the control group at the optimal concentration of 1.0 μg/mL. Meanwhile, 1.0 μg/mL erythritol significantly promoted the mycelial growth and synthesis of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of A. cinnamomea in submerged fermentation and increased the biomass and the yield of IPS by 18.65% and 260.13%, respectively. However, erythritol had no significant effect on the synthesis of triterpenes in A. cinnamomea.

The magnetic structure of CsCo2Se2 was investigated using single-crystal neutron diffraction technique. An antiferromagnetic transition with the propagation vector (0,0,1) was observed at TN = 78 K. The Co magnetic moment 0.772(6) μB at 10 K pointing in the basal plane couples ferromagnetically in the plane, which stacks antiferromagnetically along the c direction. Tuning and suppressing the interplane antiferromagnetic interaction may be crucial to induce a superconducting state in the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study of selective dry and wet etching methods for germanium–tin (Ge1−xSnx) alloys (3.5% < x < 7.7%) and germanium (Ge) is carried out. Both etching methods are optimized from the perspectives of selectivity and morphology, and then compared. A special behavior of the selective dry etching process is discovered and explained, whereby the selectivity has a dramatic increase to as high as 336 when the Sn concentration is above 6%. Different morphologies of suspended microstructures fabricated by different etching methods are investigated. Comparative study shows that the selective dry etching is a better choice for high Sn concentration GeSn (above 7%) against Ge to have better morphology, selectivity and verticality. While for low Sn concentration GeSn (below 6%), wet etching is a better way to fabricate a suspended GeSn microstructure on Ge. This work provides a comparative understanding of both methods of selective etching for GeSn. This comparative understanding is expected to be applied in the processing of next generation electronic and photonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years， many old building exterior walls in China need to be renovated.A double-component waterborne coating of primer topcoat in one was developed in the previous research.However， there are problems such as difficulties to control color difference， limited construction time， and the tendency of one of the two component powder components to become damp.Therefore， a single component waterborne multifunctional coating was specially designed and developed to solve the above problems.Results showed that the coating had no abnormality after 5 000 times of washing resistance test； The water permeability test was 0.4 mL； The anti-alkalinity and anti-salting out test of the film were both normal for 72 h； The maximum bonding strength of waterborne multifunctional coatings on cement substrate without treatment was 2.7 MPa， the minimum bonding strength of alkali treatment was 1.4 MPa， and the retention rate of bonding strength (1.4/2.7) was 52%.After moisture treatment，the retention rate of bonding strength of waterborne multifunctional coating on flat glazed ceramic tiles (3.1/4.3) was 72%，and that of non - flat glazed ceramic tiles (2.6/3.4) was 76%.The waterborne multifunctional coatings not only met the performance requirements of both the primer and topcoat for exterior wall coatings， but also had a certain flexibility and good adhesion on some substrates under extreme environmental conditions， with good application prospects.

We report a combined neutron scattering and magnetization study on the multiferroic DyFeO3, which shows a very strong magnetoelectric effect. Applying magnetic field along the c axis, the weak ferromagnetic order of the Fe ions is quickly recovered from a spin reorientation transition, and the long-range antiferromagnetic order of Dy becomes a short-range one. We found that the short-range order concurs with the multiferroic phase and is responsible for its sizable hysteresis. Our H-T phase diagram suggests that the strong magnetoelectric effect in DyFeO3 has to be understood with not only the weak ferromagnetism of Fe but also the short-range antiferromagnetic order of Dy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrantly upregulated choline phospholipid metabolism is a novel emerging hallmark of cancer, and choline kinase α (CHKα), a key enzyme for phosphatidylcholine production, is overexpressed in many types of human cancer through undefined mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the expression levels of the glycolytic enzyme enolase-1 (ENO1) are positively correlated with CHKα expression levels in human glioblastoma specimens and that ENO1 tightly governs CHKα expression via posttranslational regulation. Mechanistically, we reveal that both ENO1 and the ubiquitin E3 ligase TRIM25 are associated with CHKα. Highly expressed ENO1 in tumor cells binds to I199/F200 of CHKα, thereby abrogating the interaction between CHKα and TRIM25. This abrogation leads to the inhibition of TRIM25-mediated polyubiquitylation of CHKα at K195, increased stability of CHKα, enhanced choline metabolism in glioblastoma cells, and accelerated brain tumor growth. In addition, the expression levels of both ENO1 and CHKα are associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. These findings highlight a critical moonlighting function of ENO1 in choline phospholipid metabolism and provide unprecedented insight into the integrated regulation of cancer metabolism by crosstalk between glycolytic and lipidic enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reanalysis data plays a vital role in weather and climate study, as well as meteorological resource development and application. In this work, the East Asia Reanalysis System (EARS) was developed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolations (GSI) data assimilation system. The regional reanalysis system is forced by the European Centre of Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global reanalysis EAR-Interim data at 6-h intervals; and hourly surface observations are assimilated by the Four-Dimension Data Assimilation (FDDA) scheme during the WRF model integration; upper observations are assimilated in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-VAR) mode at analysis moment. It should be highlighted that many of the assimilated observations have not been used in other reanalysis systems. The reanalysis runs from 1980 to 2018, producing a regional reanalysis dataset covering East Asia and surrounding areas at 12-km horizontal resolution, 74 sigma levels, and 3-hour intervals. Finally, an evaluation of EARS has been performed with the respect to the root mean square error (RMSE), based on the 10-year (2008-2017) observational data. Compared to the global reanalysis data of the EAR-Interim, the regional reanalysis data of the EARS are closer to the observations in terms of RMSE in both surface and upper-level fields. The present study provides evidence for substantial improvements seen in EARS compared to the ERA-Interim reanalysis fields over East Asia. The study also demonstrates the potential use of the EARS data for applications over East Asia and proposes further plans to provide the latest reanalysis in real-time operation mode. Simple data and updated information are available on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404918 (Yin et al., 2022), and the full datasets are publicly accessible on the Data-as-a-Service platform of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) at http://data.cma.cn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YbMgGaO4, a structurally perfect two-dimensional triangular lattice with an odd number of electrons per unit cell and spin-orbit entangled effective spin-1/2 local moments for the Yb3+ ions, is likely to experimentally realize the quantum spin liquid ground state. We report the first experimental characterization of single-crystal YbMgGaO4 samples. Because of the spin-orbit entanglement, the interaction between the neighboring Yb3+ moments depends on the bond orientations and is highly anisotropic in the spin space. We cany out thermodynamic and the electron spin resonance measurements to confirm the anisotropic nature of the spin interaction as well as to quantitatively determine the couplings. Our result is a first step towards the theoretical understanding of the possible quantum spin liquid ground state in this system and sheds new light on the search for quantum spin liquids in strong spin-orbit coupled insulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PAK1 plays an important role in proliferation and tumorigenesis, at least partially by promoting ERK phosphorylation of C-RAF (Ser-338) or MEK1 (Ser-298). We observed how that overexpression of a kinase-dead mutant form ofPAK1increased phosphorylation of MEK1/2 (Ser-217/Ser-221) and ERK (Thr- 202/Tyr-204), although phosphorylation of B-RAF (Ser-445) and C-RAF (Ser-338) remained unchanged. Furthermore, increased activation of the PAK1 activator Rac1 induced the formation of a triple complex of Rac1, PAK1, and MEK1 independent of the kinase activity of PAK1. These data suggest that PAK1 can stimulateMEKactivity in a kinase-independent manner, probably by serving as a scaffold to facilitate interaction of C-RAF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muon spin relaxation (μSR) experiments on single crystals of the structurally perfect triangular antiferromagnet YbMgGaO4 indicate the absence of both static long-range magnetic order and spin freezing down to 0.048 K in a zero field. Below 0.4 K, the μ+ spin relaxation rates, which are proportional to the dynamic correlation function of the Yb3+ spins, exhibit temperature-independent plateaus. All these μSR results unequivocally support the formation of a gapless U(1) quantum spin liquid ground state in the triangular antiferromagnet YbMgGaO4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth tungsten, 2.2% cerium-tungsten (Ce-W), was used as emission cathode material in thermionic emission electrostatic precipitation. The microstructures and emission properties were investigated. A model was established to estimate cathode lifetime in high temperature and oxygen-bearing atmosphere. Results show that there were not great changes in the inner microstructure of emission materials. But on the surface, tungsten was oxidized to tungsten trioxide and then tungsten trioxide and rare earth oxides evaporated and lost. Decrease of oxygen concentration was effective to prolong operation time of cathode. The increase of temperature reduced cathode lifetime remarkably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]